WO2016184358A1 - Aéronef à décollage et atterrissage verticaux de type structure fixe sur la base de systèmes de commande de vol double, et son procédé de commande - Google Patents

Aéronef à décollage et atterrissage verticaux de type structure fixe sur la base de systèmes de commande de vol double, et son procédé de commande Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016184358A1
WO2016184358A1 PCT/CN2016/081978 CN2016081978W WO2016184358A1 WO 2016184358 A1 WO2016184358 A1 WO 2016184358A1 CN 2016081978 W CN2016081978 W CN 2016081978W WO 2016184358 A1 WO2016184358 A1 WO 2016184358A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control system
aircraft
wing
flight control
fixed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/081978
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈乐春
Original Assignee
江苏数字鹰科技发展有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 江苏数字鹰科技发展有限公司 filed Critical 江苏数字鹰科技发展有限公司
Priority to US15/322,123 priority Critical patent/US10279904B2/en
Publication of WO2016184358A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016184358A1/fr

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B64C29/02Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis vertical when grounded
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/22Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64UUNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U10/00Type of UAV
    • B64U10/25Fixed-wing aircraft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64UUNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U30/00Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/10Wings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64UUNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U30/00Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/20Rotors; Rotor supports
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/08Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw
    • G05D1/0808Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw specially adapted for aircraft
    • G05D1/0858Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw specially adapted for aircraft specially adapted for vertical take-off of aircraft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C9/00Adjustable control surfaces or members, e.g. rudders
    • B64C2009/005Ailerons
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C5/00Stabilising surfaces
    • B64C5/02Tailplanes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C9/00Adjustable control surfaces or members, e.g. rudders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64UUNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U50/00Propulsion; Power supply
    • B64U50/10Propulsion
    • B64U50/13Propulsion using external fans or propellers
    • B64U50/14Propulsion using external fans or propellers ducted or shrouded

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of aerospace vehicle design, and in particular to a fixed structure vertical takeoff and landing aircraft of a dual flight control system, and a corresponding flight control method.
  • Fixed-wing aircraft have the advantages of high flight efficiency, fast speed, long distance, simple system structure, light weight, low cost and low usage cost.
  • fixed-wing aircraft also have their own inevitable defects, that is, they need to take off and land. Run or use a special launch recovery unit.
  • small fixed-wing UAVs due to the high-rise buildings in the city, the limitations of conventional small-size fixed-wing UAVs that can only take off and land for taxiing are very large.
  • Multi-rotor aircraft have a vertical take-off and landing capability, can take off and land using the open space in the city, and can easily shuttle between buildings, so the adaptability to urban airspace is better.
  • the rotors directly connected to the power system of the multi-rotor aircraft are far less efficient than the wings of the fixed-wing aircraft, so the power consumption is large.
  • the resistance of the forward flight is also much larger than that of the fixed-wing aircraft. Its flight speed, distance and cruising time are not as good as fixed-wing aircraft.
  • technicians in the aerospace industry have been looking for aircraft that combine the performance and advantages of both fixed-wing and multi-rotor aircraft.
  • the currently widely used vertical takeoff and landing + fixed wing solutions are mainly tilting engine type.
  • the scheme combines the lift engine and the cruise engine into one.
  • the engine is switched in the flight state to tilt the engine, so that the thrust direction of the engine rotates around the horizontal axis of the fuselage, and the fuselage is basically maintained in flight.
  • the tilting engine imposes a great limitation on the position of the engine on the aircraft. Not only the position of the wing and the engine must be consistent with the center of gravity of the aircraft.
  • the partial lift engine fails or the instantaneous output is insufficient, the asymmetric lift is likely to cause disaster. Sexual accident.
  • the engine itself is very heavy, and it is easier to tilt the engine. Therefore, the existing solution has the disadvantages of complicated thrust conversion mechanism or power device and large accessory quality, which is disadvantageous to the lightness and miniaturization of the aircraft and the improvement of flight efficiency.
  • the present invention provides a feature that can reduce the complexity of an aircraft, take into account the multi-rotor vertical take-off and landing, and the high-speed cruising of the fixed wing, and can be freely converted between the two flight modes, and has a simple structure.
  • a fixed-structure vertical take-off and landing aircraft based on dual flight control system with flexible control and reliable performance and its control method.
  • a fixed-structure vertical take-off and landing aircraft based on a dual flight control system including an aircraft structure and a flight control system;
  • an aircraft structure which is a conventional structure, a flying wing structure or a V-tail structure, including a fuselage, a fixed wing disposed on the fuselage, and a steering gear system mounted on the fixed wing; the fuselage side or fixed wing a plurality of engines are connected to the end; the engine is an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, a jet engine or a rocket engine;
  • a flight control system installed in an aircraft structure, comprising a multi-rotor flight control system and a fixed-wing flight control system, wherein a plurality of output channels of the multi-rotor flight control system are respectively connected to the respective engines, and the fixed-wing flight control system
  • the output channel includes a plurality of servo control channels and a throttle control channel, wherein the servo control channels are respectively connected to the respective servos, and the throttle control channels are connected to the engines;
  • the multi-rotor flight control system and the fixed wing flight control system Each is connected to a manual control module, a power supply and a GPS module, the fixed-wing flight control system is connected to an airspeed meter; the GPS module is connected to a computer; and the computer and the manual control module are connected and controlled by the switch.
  • the output channels of the rotor flight control system and the fixed-wing flight control system are turned on and off.
  • a further technical solution is: the multi-rotor flight control system and the fixed-wing flight control system are relatively independent, or integrated in the same flight control system.
  • a further technical solution is as follows:
  • the models of the engines are the same, the number is three or more, and the common center of gravity of all the engines in the vertical direction coincides with the center of gravity of the aircraft fuselage and the fixed wing structure.
  • a further technical solution is that: the tail portions of the respective engines are respectively mounted with support rods.
  • the aircraft is a conventional structure, including a fuselage, the middle wing of the fuselage is arranged with an organic wing, the tail of the fuselage is arranged with a horizontal tail and a vertical tail; the rear edge of the wing is mounted with a movable Aileron, a movable elevator is mounted on a rear edge of the horizontal tail, a movable rudder is mounted on a rear edge of the vertical tail; a plurality of engines are connected to the circumference of the fuselage through a plurality of connecting rods, End of the engine The support rods are respectively installed in the parts.
  • the aircraft is a flying wing structure, including a fuselage, a pair of horizontal wings are arranged on the left and right sides of the fuselage, a pair of vertical wings are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the fuselage, and the wingspan of the horizontal wing is The length is greater than the span length of the vertical wing; the rear edge of the horizontal wing is mounted with a movable elevon with a combination of an elevator and an aileron, and a movable rudder is mounted on a rear edge of the vertical wing.
  • the wing tips of the horizontal wing and the vertical wing are respectively mounted with an engine, and a support rod is respectively installed at a tail portion of each engine.
  • the present invention also provides a control method for a fixed structure vertical take-off and landing aircraft based on a dual flight control system: [0016]
  • the aircraft has a manual flight mode and an automatic flight mode, in the automatic flight mode:
  • the aircraft head In the take-off phase, the aircraft head is facing upwards, in a vertical take-off and landing attitude, the computer controls or manually controls the output channel of the multi-rotor flight control system, and simultaneously closes the output channel of the fixed-wing flight control system.
  • the multi-rotor flight control system controls the operation of each engine, overcomes the gravity by the lift generated by the engine rotation, gradually increases the flight height of the aircraft, and controls the output power of each engine to achieve the adjustment of the flight attitude and the climbing speed during the take-off of the aircraft. Adjustment
  • the computer controls, or manually controls the on/off switch to close the output channel of the multi-rotor flight control system
  • the output channel of the fixed-wing flight control system is controlled by the fixed-wing flight control system to control the steering system installed on the fixed wing, so that the aircraft changes from a vertical take-off attitude to a level flight attitude, and the steering gear system is realized.
  • the leveling attitude the same speed is adjusted by controlling the output power of each engine;
  • the computer controls, or manually controls the output channel of the multi-rotor flight control system, ⁇ Turn off the output channel of the fixed-wing flight control system, and control the engine operation by the multi-rotor flight control system.
  • the output power of each engine By controlling the output power of each engine, the aircraft is changed from the leveling attitude to the vertical take-off and landing attitude, and the lift generated by the engine rotation is overcome. Gravity, gradually reduce the flying height of the aircraft until the aircraft falls safely; during this period, by adjusting the output power of each engine, the adjustment of the flight attitude and the adjustment of the descending speed during the landing of the aircraft are realized.
  • the present invention combines the advantages of a fixed-wing aircraft and a multi-rotor aircraft, and is capable of freely switching between two flight modes, that is, capable of vertical take-off and landing in a multi-rotor manner, and capable of high-speed cruising in a fixed wing manner.
  • the present invention adopts a dual flight control system, and both flight control systems are mature technologies, which is advantageous for reducing a new flight control system that realizes the control of a multi-rotor aircraft by implementing a fixed-wing aircraft. Burst costs and development risks.
  • the dual flight control system is more convenient in control principle, does not require complicated mechanical variable shaft structure, and does not affect the internal load and equipment arrangement.
  • the present invention is applicable not only to drones but also to manned aircraft, and can be widely applied to fields such as civil aviation and military.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of an aircraft structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the first embodiment of the aircraft structure of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a plan view of a first embodiment of an aircraft structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a left side view of the first embodiment of the aircraft structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the aircraft structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a front view of a second embodiment of the aircraft structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of a second embodiment of the aircraft structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a flight control system of the present invention.
  • the aircraft structure includes a fuselage 1-1, a pair of wings 2-2 are arranged in the middle of the fuselage 1-1, and a pair of horizontal tails 1 are arranged at the tail of the fuselage 1-1. -3 and a vertical tail 1-4.
  • the trailing edges of the wings 2-2 are respectively provided with movable ailerons 1-5.
  • the movable elevators 1-6 are mounted on the trailing edges of the horizontal tails 1-3, respectively.
  • the trailing edge of the vertical tails 1-4 is fitted with a movable rudder 1-7.
  • the fuselage 1-1 is connected to four identical engines 1-9 through four connecting rods 1-8, the propellers 1-10 are mounted on the engine 1-9, and the engine 1-9 and the propellers 1-10 form a rotor.
  • the tails of the engines 1-9 are fitted with support rods 1-11, and the functions of the support rods 1-11 are to keep the aircraft stable in the floor.
  • FIGS. 5, 6, and 7 show an embodiment of the present invention on a flying wing structure aircraft.
  • the aircraft structure includes a fuselage 2-1, a pair of horizontal wings 2-2 are arranged on the left and right sides of the fuselage 2-1, and a pair of verticals are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the fuselage 2-1. Wings 2-3, and the span length of the horizontal wing 2-2 is greater than the span length of the vertical wing 2-3.
  • the trailing edges of the horizontal wings 2-2 are respectively mounted with movable lifting ailerons 2-4 having the functions of an elevator and an aileron.
  • the trailing edges of the vertical wings 2-3 are respectively mounted with movable rudders 2-5.
  • the wing tips of the horizontal wing 2-2 and the vertical wing 2-3 are respectively equipped with the same type of engine 2-6, the engine 2-6 is equipped with a propeller 2-7, and the engine 2-6 and the propeller 2-7 form a rotor.
  • the tails of the engine 2-6 are mounted with support rods 2-8, and the role of the support rods 2-8 is to keep the aircraft stable at the floor.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a flight control system of the present invention.
  • the flight control system is installed in the above-mentioned aircraft structure, and is a dual flight control system including a multi-rotor flight control system 1 and a fixed-wing flight control system 2.
  • the multi-rotor flight control system 1 and the fixed-wing flight control system 2 can be relatively independent or integrated in the same flight control system.
  • There are a plurality of output channels of the multi-rotor flight control system 1, and the four engines 3 in the first embodiment or the second embodiment are respectively connected and controlled.
  • the output channel of the fixed-wing flight control system 2 includes a servo control channel and a throttle control channel.
  • the throttle control passage is a single passage, and the four engines 3 in the first embodiment or the second embodiment are connected and uniformly controlled.
  • the power source 5 is connected to the multi-rotor flight control system 1 and the fixed-wing flight control system 2 to supply power thereto.
  • the GPS module 6 is connected to the multi-rotor flight control system 1 and the fixed-wing flight control system 2 to provide flight position and altitude data as a basis for control.
  • the airspeed meter 7 is connected to the fixed-wing flight control system 2 to provide air speed data as a basis for control in the leveling attitude.
  • the on/off switch 9 connects and controls the opening and closing of the output channels of the multi-rotor flight control system 1 and the fixed-wing flight control system 2.
  • the manual control module 10 is connected to the on/off switch 9, the multi-rotor flight control system 1 and the fixed wing flight control system 2 to provide control commands.
  • the control commands for the on/off switch 9 are provided by the computer 8 or the manual control module 10.
  • the control of the computer 8 is provided by the GPS module 6.
  • the flight of the aircraft mainly includes three kinds of actions: one, tilting left and right, (manipulating by the ailerons); second, raising and lowering (operating by the elevator); third, deflecting left and right (manipulating by the rudder).
  • the aileron is the main operating rudder surface of the aircraft. Manipulating the rolling moment generated by the differential deflection of the left and right ailerons allows the aircraft to make a roll maneuver with a long wingspan and a short chord.
  • the elevator is a steerable airfoil section in the horizontal wing that acts to pitch the aircraft. When it is necessary to maneuver the aircraft to raise or bow, the elevator in the horizontal wing will act.
  • the elevator and the ailerons are combined into one to become the elevon aileron. If the two elevons are deflected in the same direction, the airplane will rise or fall; if it is deflected in the opposite direction, it will roll to the left and right.
  • the area of the elevon aileron must be designed to be large, as the steering arm used as the elevator for the elevon aileron is smaller than the aircraft of the normal layout.
  • the rudder is used to correct the heading and angle steering of the aircraft, and is mounted on the vertical wing for the movable airfoil portion of the aircraft's heading maneuver. The rudder is mostly used for steering with a small angle.
  • the large-angle steering requires the aileron to deflect the aircraft to generate centrifugal force.
  • the aileron is used to adjust the fuselage to lift down and complete the large-angle steering.
  • the head of the aircraft is facing upwards, the support rod of the tail touches the ground, and the vehicle is in a vertical take-off and landing attitude, and the computer 8 controls the output passage of the air-rotating system 1 of the multi-rotor flight control system, and the fixed wing is closed at the same time.
  • the output channel of the flight control system 2 (Note: The above process can also be controlled by the manual control module 10).
  • the multi-rotor flight control system 1 controls the operation of each engine 3, and the lift generated by the rotation of the propeller by the engine 3 overcomes the gravity. Gradually increase the flight height of the aircraft.
  • the multi-rotor flight control system 1 realizes the adjustment of the flight attitude during the take-off of the aircraft by controlling the output power of each engine 3 to form a lift difference or a torque difference. By controlling the output power of the engine 3, the adjustment of the aircraft climb speed is realized.
  • the computer 8 controls the on/off switch 9 to close the output channel of the multi-rotor flight control system 1 , the output channel of the fixed-wing flight control system 2 (Note: The above process can also be controlled by the manual control module 10).
  • the fixed-wing flight control system 2 controls the steering system 4 including the ailerons, the elevators, and the rudder to adjust the flight attitude to change the aircraft from a vertical take-off attitude to a level flight attitude.
  • the fixed-wing flight control system 2 controls the steering gear system through the data provided by the airspeedometer 7 to achieve the adjustment of the leveling attitude; the output power of each engine 3 is uniformly controlled by the throttle to achieve the flight speed. Adjustment.
  • the computer 8 controls the output channel of the multi-rotor flight control system 1 to be turned on and off.
  • the output channel of the fixed-wing flight control system 2 is turned off (Note: The above process can also be controlled by the manual control module 10).
  • the multi-rotor flight control system 1 controls the operation of each engine 3, and by controlling the output power of each engine 3 to form a lift difference or a torque difference, the aircraft is changed from a leveling attitude to a vertical take-off attitude.
  • the multi-rotor flight control system 1 forms a lift difference or a torque difference by controlling the output power of each engine 3 to ensure the balance of the flight attitude during the landing of the aircraft; by controlling the output power of the engine 3, the adjustment of the descending speed of the aircraft is realized.

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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un aéronef à décollage et atterrissage verticaux de type à structure fixe sur la base de systèmes de commande de vol double, comprenant une structure d'aéronef et des systèmes de commande de vol ; la structure d'aéronef comprend un corps d'aéronef (1-1, 2-1), des ailes fixes, un système de moteur de direction (4) et une pluralité de moteurs (1-9, 2-6) agencés sur le côté périphérique du corps d'aéronef (1-1, 2-1) ou les parties d'extrémité des ailes fixes ; les systèmes de commande de vol comprennent un système de commande de vol à rotors multiples (1) et un système de commande de vol à aile fixe (2), et le système de commande de vol à rotors multiples (1) et le système de commande de vol à aile fixe (2) sont relativement indépendants ou sont intégrés dans le même système de commande de vol. Un système de commande de vol à rotors multiples (1) et un système de commande de vol à aile fixe (2) sont commandés par un ordinateur pour mettre sur marche et arrêt des passages de sortie d'un système de moteur de direction (4) et des moteurs (1-9, 2-6), une commutation libre entre deux types de modes de vol est réalisée, et l'aéronef à décollage et atterrissage verticaux peut non seulement décoller et atterrir verticalement dans un mode à rotors multiples, mais peut également être en croisière à haute vitesse dans un mode d'aile fixe. L'aéronef a une structure simple, est hautement fiable, a une commande flexible et un faible coût, non seulement est approprié pour un aéronef sans pilote, mais est également approprié pour un aéronef avec pilote, et peut être largement appliqué aux domaines de l'aviation civile, militaire et analogue.
PCT/CN2016/081978 2015-05-19 2016-05-13 Aéronef à décollage et atterrissage verticaux de type structure fixe sur la base de systèmes de commande de vol double, et son procédé de commande WO2016184358A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/322,123 US10279904B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2016-05-13 Fixed structure type vertical take-off and landing aircraft based on dual flying control systems and control method therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201510257836.4A CN104816824B (zh) 2015-05-19 2015-05-19 基于双飞控系统的固定结构式垂直起降飞机及其控制方法
CN201510257836.4 2015-05-19

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WO2016184358A1 true WO2016184358A1 (fr) 2016-11-24

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PCT/CN2016/081978 WO2016184358A1 (fr) 2015-05-19 2016-05-13 Aéronef à décollage et atterrissage verticaux de type structure fixe sur la base de systèmes de commande de vol double, et son procédé de commande

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US (1) US10279904B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN104816824B (fr)
WO (1) WO2016184358A1 (fr)

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CN109407686A (zh) * 2018-11-23 2019-03-01 东莞市光点电子科技有限公司 一种飞控在降落阶段保护无人机的方法
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