WO2016181092A1 - Chauffe-eau électrique instantané, échangeur de chaleur et douche électrique - Google Patents

Chauffe-eau électrique instantané, échangeur de chaleur et douche électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016181092A1
WO2016181092A1 PCT/GB2015/051402 GB2015051402W WO2016181092A1 WO 2016181092 A1 WO2016181092 A1 WO 2016181092A1 GB 2015051402 W GB2015051402 W GB 2015051402W WO 2016181092 A1 WO2016181092 A1 WO 2016181092A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water heater
electric water
heater according
instantaneous electric
disposed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2015/051402
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robin BRASH
Original Assignee
Norcros Group (Holdings) Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Norcros Group (Holdings) Limited filed Critical Norcros Group (Holdings) Limited
Priority to PCT/GB2015/051402 priority Critical patent/WO2016181092A1/fr
Publication of WO2016181092A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016181092A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the field of electric showers and associated water heaters and relates, more specifically, to heat exchanger configurations which are used as part of such arrangements.
  • Instantaneous electric water heaters of the type which provide heated water on request, are found commonly in domestic sanitary/ablutionary environments, in showers, hand wash heaters and the like.
  • the electrical power input and/or flow rate of the water can be adjusted in order to regulate an outlet temperature, with a variety of electric heating elements being known, to perform the water heating operation.
  • the electric heating element takes the form of a helical or spiral device, so as to maximise the "heating" surface area, within a given surrounding space - the chamber, or "heater can".
  • Differing configurations of helical heating elements are known, with the most common being an arrangement in which one is situated above the other. Power can be applied to either of the elements individually, or to both, thus regulating the total heating power which is available to the incoming water, within the chamber.
  • an instantaneous electric water heater having a heat exchanger comprising a generally helical heating element disposed within a chamber, the chamber being in fluid communication with a water inlet and a water outlet, and a flow diverter to divert an incoming water flow towards the heating element in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the helix, or to the main axis of the chamber.
  • a heat exchanger for an instantaneous electric water heater having first and second electric heating elements, each substantially in the form of a double helix, the turns of the first and second elements being of different diameters, and with at least part of the smaller diameter helix being disposed within and substantially concentric and substantially coaxial with, the larger diameter helix.
  • an electric shower comprising any of the features of the first or second aspects of the invention. Further features of the first, second and third aspects of the invention are set out in the various claims appended hereto.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective, cut away view of an instantaneous electric water heater in accordance with the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a cut away, front view of the arrangement of Figure 1 ;
  • FIGURE 3 is a sectional view of the arrangement of Figures 1 and 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective view, in enlarged form, of the flow diverter shown in Figures 1 to 3;
  • FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of one of the heating elements shown in Figures 1 to 3;
  • FIGURES 6, 7 and 8 are computer generated flow/temperature images to illustrate water flowpaths and water temperatures, at different positions in the heat exchanger shown in Figures 1 to 3, and at different power settings.
  • a heater can assembly 10 of the type which is commonly used in instantaneous water heaters, such as electric showers.
  • As such heater cans are well known in this field, as are the other component parts of water heaters/electric showers, such other components are not shown in this description, but it will of course be clear to one skilled in the relevant art as to how the elements of the present invention can be incorporated into (and co-operate with) such a heater/shower arrangement.
  • the heater can assembly comprises a housing 1 1 which defines an internal chamber 12, through which water passes during the heating process.
  • Incoming i.e. cold/substantially unheated water
  • Incoming enters the chamber via a tangentially disposed inlet 13a and exits the chamber at 13b.
  • the tangential nature of the inlet is not necessary - other inlet directions will also function perfectly well.
  • the incoming water flows up the inside of the chamber 12, over the heating elements 14 and 15 which, in this embodiment, are both in the form of a double helix.
  • the helical heating elements are made up of a coil/length of resistance wire, held within a protective sheath, with the sheath containing an electrically insulating component such as a compressed MgO (magnesium oxide) powder.
  • MgO magnesium oxide
  • the heater can assembly 10 has a generally cylindrical configuration, with the outlet tube 17 being substantially coaxial with the body of the chamber 12.
  • the arrangement further comprises a flow diverter 20, in the form of a perforated plate 21 , featuring a number of apertures 22 which extend therethrough.
  • the plate 21 is disposed, in use, above the level of the water inlet 13a, such that the incoming water (directed in this specific example generally tangentially, as it enters through inlet 13a) first enters a diverting chamber 23 before it can pass through to the main body of the heat exchanger chamber 12.
  • the plate 21 has an outer edge 24 which, although not shown in the figures, is a very close fit against the internal surface of the lower part of the chamber 12. This means that the vast majority of the water which enters through the inlet 13a passes through to the main body of the chamber 12 through the various apertures 22, in the plate 21 . Some water (a very small proportion of the overall incoming flow) may pass through the small gap between the edge of the plate and the wall of the chamber, but this has no noticeable effect on the operation of the flow diverter, or the successful performance of the invention. A watertight fit (perhaps using a peripheral seal) is also envisaged, however.
  • Around the outer edge 24 of the plate 21 are disposed a number of upstanding legs 25 which serve as spacers, as described below.
  • the central part of the flow diverter 20 comprises an upstanding collar 26 which (as shown best in Figures 1 and 4) is provided with a number of radially-outwardly extending fins 27.
  • the plate 21 is generally circular in configuration, with the apertures 22 lying generally on two concentric circles, with one set of apertures being further radially spaced from the centre than the other.
  • the effect of this is that unheated water, which is incoming through the inlet 13a, passes through the apertures 22 substantially as a number of "linear columns", such that the initial transverse/tangential direction (in this specific example) of the incoming water is translated (diverted) to a generally upward direction, with no (or a minimal) lateral component.
  • the disposition of the two concentric sets of apertures means that it is possible to guide the incoming water flow towards particular parts of the heating elements, which are positioned above the flow diverter 20.
  • the two heating elements 14 and 15 are "nested” together, with the diameter of the element 14 being greater than the diameter of the element 15. This gives rise to a heating element having a quadruple helix configuration.
  • the effect of this is that the "inner” heating element 15 is able to move axially, relative to the heating element 14, because the lateral distance between the outermost parts of the turns of the inner element 15 is less than the lateral distance between the innermost parts of the turns of the outer element 14.
  • the substantially linear/axial flow then continues, meaning that the water remains in contact with the elements for longer, providing an improved degree of heat transfer.
  • the central collar 26 of the flow diverter also serves a useful purpose, in that it can receive the outlet tube 17 through its central passage 26a.
  • the central passage 26a can either be used a guide (to receive the outlet tube 17) or, where the outlet tube is preinstalled, the flow diverter 20 can be "dropped down” over the outlet tube 17, thus ensuring that the flow diverter is located at the correct position (and substantially horizontal), towards the bottom of the chamber 12.
  • the helical heating elements 14 and 15 can be dropped into the chamber 12, around the central outlet tube 17, with the upstanding legs 25 serving both to locate the lower turns of the heating elements and also to maintain a space between the elements and the inner walls of the housing 1 1 .
  • the flow diverter and outlet tube could be provided as a single component (i.e. integral with one another) so that, during assembly of the water heater, the combined assembly is first placed in the heater can, with the heating element(s) then being placed around it.
  • Figures 4B and 4C show a modified version of flow diverter 20 in which many of the parts are identical to those shown in Figure 4A.
  • the modified version of Figures 4B and 4C differs by the presence of a plurality of downwardly extending baffles 50 which, in this particular embodiment, take the form of substantially cylindrical pegs having a part- spherical lower end.
  • baffles 50 which, in this particular embodiment, take the form of substantially cylindrical pegs having a part- spherical lower end.
  • These pegs 51 are disposed, when the assembly is complete, in the diverting chamber 23 (see Figure 3) and act to "break-up" the flow of incoming water which enters the diverting chamber through the inlet 13a.
  • the effect of this is that the incoming flow is also slowed down, meaning that, when the water passes through the apertures 22, any rotational/tangential/lateral aspect of the flow's movement will have been reduced, thus helping the water flow (downstream of the plate 21 ) to adopt a substantially linear/axial configuration.
  • baffles/pegs are also envisaged, and that each peg need not be cylindrical, in cross-section.
  • FIG. 5 shows (in perspective view) one of the two double-helical elements of Figures 1 to 3, it can be seen that the turns A and B (which together define a pair) are spaced closer to each other than are the pairs, themselves.
  • the configuration is such that a substantial gap (shown at C) is present, in addition to a smaller (but still functionally useful) gap D between the turns A and B, themselves. This allows water to flow both between and around the pairs, and (to some degree) between and around the turns (A and B) which make up each pair.
  • the elements 14 and 15 are positioned such that the helices of one element fit into the gap C (as shown in Figure 5) of the other element, creating a space between the coils of the inner element 15 and the outer element 14 which is of a similar size to the gap D (see Figure 5) between the pair of turns A and B. This is important as it enables water to flow freely, both through the pairs (defined by turns A and B) of each element 14 and 15, and between the turns which make up each element 14 and 15.
  • Figure 5 also shows that the double helix configuration has a "returned” character, in that the lowermost part of the helix (shown generally at E) does not terminate in free ends, but instead has the effect of "returning" the helix so that both free ends (shown at F) are disposed at a substantially similar location. This is useful as it enables a convenient connection of the free ends to a source of electrical power.
  • FIGS 6, 7 and 8 show, in schematic/computer generated form, the effect of the heating element configuration, in conjunction with the flow diverter, on the fluid flowpaths and temperatures, at different positions within the heater can assembly.
  • Figures 6, 7 and 8 are similar, differing only by virtue of the power which has been applied to the heating elements -
  • Figure 6 is based on an input power of 9.5 kilowatts
  • Figure 7 illustrates the effect of an input power of 8.5 kilowatts
  • Figure 8 shows the effect of an input power of 10.5 kilowatts.
  • the ambient (i.e. incoming) water temperature is 20 ° C
  • the outlet (i.e. heated) temperature being 41 ° C.
  • FIGS. 1 , 2 and 3 show a flow inlet which is tangential to the inner wall of the housing 1 1 , a significant advantage of the flow diverter 20 is that a tangential (or indeed radial) inlet direction is not necessary, because the flow diverter has the effect of changing the incoming flow direction, before the water interacts with the heating element(s). This provides significantly greater design freedom, as regards the location, direction and construction of the incoming water feed, and its connection to/interaction with the heater can housing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un chauffe-eau électrique instantané comportant un échangeur de chaleur comprenant un élément chauffant généralement hélicoïdal disposé à l'intérieur d'une chambre, la chambre étant en communication fluidique avec une entrée d'eau et une sortie d'eau, et un dispositif de déviation d'écoulement destiné à dévier un écoulement d'eau entrant vers l'élément chauffant dans une direction sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de l'hélice, ou à l'axe principal de la chambre.
PCT/GB2015/051402 2015-05-13 2015-05-13 Chauffe-eau électrique instantané, échangeur de chaleur et douche électrique WO2016181092A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB2015/051402 WO2016181092A1 (fr) 2015-05-13 2015-05-13 Chauffe-eau électrique instantané, échangeur de chaleur et douche électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB2015/051402 WO2016181092A1 (fr) 2015-05-13 2015-05-13 Chauffe-eau électrique instantané, échangeur de chaleur et douche électrique

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WO2016181092A1 true WO2016181092A1 (fr) 2016-11-17

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110388740A (zh) * 2018-04-16 2019-10-29 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 热水器
CN110906531A (zh) * 2018-09-14 2020-03-24 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 即热加热杯及热水器
FR3106398A1 (fr) * 2020-01-20 2021-07-23 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Corps de chauffe pour dispositif de chauffage électrique et de circulation d’un liquide
JP2023505884A (ja) * 2019-12-12 2023-02-13 ヴァレオ システム テルミク 特に自動車用の、電気加熱装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE942465C (de) * 1952-09-20 1956-05-03 Heribert Rathscheck Elektro-Durchlauferhitzer mit schraubenfoermig angeordneten Heizleitern
GB2298478A (en) * 1995-03-01 1996-09-04 Caradon Mira Ltd Heat exchanger
GB2512353A (en) * 2013-03-27 2014-10-01 Norcros Group Holdings Ltd A device for the passage of a volume of fluid

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE942465C (de) * 1952-09-20 1956-05-03 Heribert Rathscheck Elektro-Durchlauferhitzer mit schraubenfoermig angeordneten Heizleitern
GB2298478A (en) * 1995-03-01 1996-09-04 Caradon Mira Ltd Heat exchanger
GB2512353A (en) * 2013-03-27 2014-10-01 Norcros Group Holdings Ltd A device for the passage of a volume of fluid

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110388740A (zh) * 2018-04-16 2019-10-29 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 热水器
CN110388740B (zh) * 2018-04-16 2023-12-26 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 热水器
CN110906531A (zh) * 2018-09-14 2020-03-24 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 即热加热杯及热水器
JP2023505884A (ja) * 2019-12-12 2023-02-13 ヴァレオ システム テルミク 特に自動車用の、電気加熱装置
FR3106398A1 (fr) * 2020-01-20 2021-07-23 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Corps de chauffe pour dispositif de chauffage électrique et de circulation d’un liquide

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