WO2016173292A1 - 一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器 - Google Patents

一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016173292A1
WO2016173292A1 PCT/CN2016/000212 CN2016000212W WO2016173292A1 WO 2016173292 A1 WO2016173292 A1 WO 2016173292A1 CN 2016000212 W CN2016000212 W CN 2016000212W WO 2016173292 A1 WO2016173292 A1 WO 2016173292A1
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Prior art keywords
fixing
hole
shaped
fixing member
screw
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PCT/CN2016/000212
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡成吉
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胡成吉
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Priority to EP16785723.4A priority Critical patent/EP3289990A4/en
Publication of WO2016173292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016173292A1/zh
Priority to US15/796,754 priority patent/US10499950B2/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B17/64—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned
    • A61B17/6466—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned with pin-clamps movable along a solid connecting rod
    • A61B17/6475—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned with pin-clamps movable along a solid connecting rod the connecting rod being threaded
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B17/64—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned
    • A61B17/6466—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned with pin-clamps movable along a solid connecting rod
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B17/64—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B17/66—Alignment, compression or distraction mechanisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/842—Flexible wires, bands or straps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B2017/603—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors with three points of contact, e.g. tripod

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fixator for medical surgery, which is mainly used for external fixation of a tibia fracture or a comminuted fracture of a human knee joint.
  • fixation methods commonly used in the treatment of tibia fractures in the medical field.
  • the most common ones are tension band internal fixation, 1. the wire is fixed by surgical operation, and the steel wire is wound around the steel wire. These operations are traumatic and wound recovery. The process delays the joint function exercise timing, the patella enlargement often appears that the knee joint adhesion function is not in place, and the most obvious drawback is that the patient suffers from the pain caused by the second operation; 3.
  • Some existing external fixators are cumbersome to install. Fixed adjustable range limitation, joint function exercise is obstructed by the body of the fixer, some trauma is large, and the medical profession rarely promotes it; 4.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the patent of the present invention is to provide a one-line type claw type external fixation device, which can be installed in advance according to the displacement of the patient's tibia fracture, which is generally not particularly serious.
  • the comminuted tibiofibular fracture does not require surgery.
  • the fixed needle can be directly inserted into the optimal position of the tibia.
  • the operation is simple, the positioning can be adjusted and stabilized, and the knee function can be exercised early, so that the patient does not suffer from the second operation. It is a new technology for minimally invasive treatment of humerus in orthopedics.
  • the in-line type claw-type humeral external fixator provided by the present invention has two models designed for different patella fracture displacement matching: "claw type and hand type", and the claw type has four fixed points. Just like the “Eagle Claw” is minimally invasive and sturdy, the hand has five fixed points, just like the "five fingers” are sensitive and stable;
  • a pressure regulating nut is arranged at one end, and an arc-shaped beam is arranged under the two ends, and a fixing member and a fixing pin are arranged at both ends of the beam.
  • the holder includes a one-shaped main beam, one end of the main beam is provided with a pressure-regulating fixing member, a pressure-regulating nut, and an arc-shaped beam is arranged under the beam, and the fixing beam is fixed at both ends of the beam, and fixed
  • the needle has a q-shaped fixing member at the other end, a b-shaped fixing member and a fixing needle are arranged on the lower side, and an auxiliary fixing member is arranged in the middle, and the eight-shaped needle seat and the auxiliary fixing needle are arranged at both ends of the auxiliary fixing member.
  • the A type the pressure regulating fixing parts are arranged at both ends of the main beam, two models are designed for the convenience of installation and selection, and the pressure regulating fixing parts are pushed by the pressure regulating nut Can be adjusted to the best position fixed, the curved pressure fixing member is provided with an arc-shaped beam, and the arc-shaped beam is provided with a calibration fixing hole to fix the hole in the middle, "If the tibial shift is special, it can also move left and right asymmetric positioning according to needs.
  • the arc-shaped beam has fixed parts on both sides, the moving fixed part can adjust the lateral direction, the rotating fixed part can adjust the inclination, and the multi-directional adjustment design can solve the matching of different tibia fracture displacements.
  • the lower end of the fixing member is provided with a pinhole, and after the fixing pin is inserted, the reinforcing nut is adjusted to the optimal position and fixed by a set screw.
  • Type B One end of the main beam is provided with a pressure regulating fixing member, and the other end is provided with a q-shaped fixing member, and an auxiliary fixing member is arranged in the middle of the main beam, and the pressure regulating nut can be adjusted to the optimal position by the pressure regulating nut.
  • the design of the pressure fixing member is the same as that of the A model; the other end of the q-shaped fixing member is provided with a b-shaped fixing member. Since the b-shaped fixing member is a single-pin hole design, in order to solve the sacral fracture displacement, the front is actively small design, different positions. The need can be rotated to adjust the inclination.
  • the auxiliary fixing part is designed for the eight-shaped needle seat. According to different positions, the comminuted fracture of the tibia Need to move forward and backward with set screws; two-shaped needle seat design two models: A model can be rotated to adjust the auxiliary fixed needle angle, the middle small semi-circle design is to facilitate the bending adjustment angle, the design of the oval pinhole Movable is beneficial to the space adjustment of the auxiliary fixed needle.
  • the auxiliary fixed needle is inserted into the elliptical pinhole and has a reinforcing nut to adjust the positioning (see Figure 7); the design of the B model can be adjusted to change one after the other, See Figure 9).
  • Auxiliary fixtures, two figure-shaped needle holders, and three sets of auxiliary fixation needles are auxiliary fixation.
  • a and B models can be used or not according to the displacement of the tibia fracture. 2.
  • a and B models are required according to requirements. All components can be interchanged.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are schematic diagrams showing the plane of the humeral fracture in the human body, which is fixed by a tension band, and Fig. 3 is a side view.
  • Fig. 4 is a side view showing the fixing of the one-word type jaw type external fixation device of the invention (A) in the bone.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the surgeon using the two hands and four fingers to make the tibiofibular fracture of the injured person.
  • Fig. 6 is a plan view showing the structure of an embodiment of a one-word type jaw type external fixation device of the invention (A).
  • Fig. 7 is a side view showing the fixing of the one-word type jaw type external fixation device of the invention (B) in the bone.
  • Figure 8 shows the components of the patents A and B of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary fixing member of the invention (part B) and the two figure-shaped needle holders and the one-shaped main beam.
  • an inline type claw type external fixation device includes a one-shaped main beam 1, a pressure regulating fixing member 2, a pressure regulating nut 3, an arc type beam 4, and a fixing a piece 5, a fixing pin 6, a reinforcing nut 7, a set screw 8;
  • the main body of the inline main beam 1 has a circular carrying surface, a beam structure, and screw 1-1 at both ends, and two ends are respectively provided
  • the pressure regulating fixing member 2 is provided with a pressure regulating nut 3 at one end; the upper end of the column of the pressure regulating fixing member 2 is provided with a main beam hole 2-1, and the lower end is provided with a beam hole 2-2 and a set screw hole 2-3.
  • the main beam hole 2-1 is connected to the inline main beam 1 by the screw pattern 1-1, and the set screw 8 is arranged in the set screw hole 2-3;
  • the beam hole 2 of the pressure regulating fixing member 2 -2 is provided with an arc-shaped beam 4, and the arc-shaped beam 4 is circular in shape, with anti-slip 4-1 at both ends, and a calibration fixing hole 4-2 is arranged in the middle, and the curved beam 4 is provided.
  • fixing members 5 There are four fixing members 5, and two fixing members 5 are disposed at two ends of the curved beam 4; the fixing pins 6 are four, respectively disposed on the fixing member 5; 5 rectangular parallelepiped, with a beam hole 5-1 at the upper end and a needle hole 5-2 and a set screw hole 5-3 at the lower end
  • the beam hole 5-1 is disposed on the curved beam 4, and the fixing pin 6 is disposed in the needle hole 5-2.
  • the reinforcing nut 7 is disposed on the fixing pin 6, and the screw hole 5-3 is fixed.
  • the set screw 8 is arranged inside.
  • an inline type claw type external fixation device includes a one-shaped main beam 1, a pressure regulating fixing member 2, a pressure regulating nut 3, an arc type beam 4, and a payment Fixing member 5, fixing pin 6, reinforcing nut 7, set screw 8, screw 8-1, q-shaped fixing member 9, b-shaped fixing member 10, auxiliary fixing member 11, figure-shaped needle holder 12, and 12B, auxiliary
  • the main body of the inline main beam 1 is circular in shape, and has screw patterns 1-1 at both ends, a concave rail groove is arranged on the top, and a pressure regulating fixing member 2 is arranged at one end, and the pressure is adjusted.
  • Nut 3 the other end is provided with a q-shaped fixing member 9 with an auxiliary fixing member 11 in the middle; the upper end of the column of the pressure regulating fixing member 2 is provided with a main beam hole 2-1, and the lower end is provided with a beam groove 2-2 and a tight
  • the screw hole 2-3 is fixed, and the main beam hole 2-1 is connected to the in-line main beam 1 by the screw pattern 1-1 and the concave rail groove 1-2, and the screw hole 2-3 is disposed in the set screw hole 2-3 Tightening-screw 8;
  • the pressure regulating nut 3 is installed beside the pressure regulating fixing member 2;
  • the curved beam 2-2 is inserted into the beam groove 2-2 of the pressure regulating fixing member 2, and the arc type beam beam 4 body surface circle Shape, anti-slip 4-1 at both ends, intermediate square body with calibration fixing hole 4-2, arc
  • the paying beam 4 is provided with a fixing member 5, and two fixing members 5 are respectively disposed at two ends of the curved beam 4; the upper end of the
  • the lower round shape is provided with a fixing hole 9-2, the top portion is provided with a set screw hole 9-3, and the main beam hole 9-1 is connected with the inline main beam 1 by the screw pattern 1-1, and the screw hole 9- is fixed.
  • 3 is provided with the set screw 8;
  • the b-shaped fixing member 10 the upper end square body is provided with a fixing hole 10-1 in a round shape, and the lower end rectangular body is provided with a pinhole 10-2 and a set screw
  • the hole 10-3, the fixing hole 10-1 is connected with the fixing hole 9-2 of the q-shaped fixing member 9, and the two holes are fixed by a screw set (14), and the pin hole 10-2 is provided therein.
  • the fixing pin 6, the reinforcing nut 7 is disposed on the fixing pin 6, and the set screw 8 is disposed in the set screw hole 10-3;
  • the auxiliary fixing member 11 is provided with a main body
  • the beam hole 11-1, the two sides and the top are respectively provided with screw holes 11-2;
  • the eight-shaped needle seat 12, the rectangular parallelepiped is bent, the upper end is provided with a fixing hole 12-1, and the middle is provided with a small semicircle 12- 2, the lower end is provided with an elliptical pin-piercing hole 12-3, and the two figure-shaped pin holders 12 are connected with the auxiliary fixing member 11 through the fixing hole 12-1 and the screw hole 11-2, and are set in the screw hole 11-2.
  • the fixing pin 13 is fixed in the elliptical pin-hole 12-3, and the reinforcing nut (7) is arranged on the auxiliary fixing pin (13) thread in the elliptical pin-hole (12- 3)
  • the upper and lower settings are fixed.
  • the figure eight pin holder 12B has a rectangular parallelepiped bent at both ends, a fixing hole 12B-1 is arranged in the middle, a small semicircle 12B-2 is arranged on the middle side, and an elliptical pinhole 12B-3 is arranged at the lower end, and the figure is eight-shaped.
  • the needle holder 12B is connected to the auxiliary fixing member 11 through the fixing hole 12B-1 and the screw hole 11-2, and the screw 8-1 is fixed in the fixing screw hole 11-2, and the elliptical needle insertion hole 12B-3 is separately disposed.
  • the first aspect of the present invention is a method for the external fixation of the tibia fracture of the first type of the hand-claw type external fixation device: 1) no surgery, (after swelling)
  • the fixator is installed according to the displacement of the X-ray humerus fracture, 2) disinfection first, 3) re-injection of local anesthetic, 4) the doctor can use two hands and four fingers (refer to Figure 5) outside the injured tibia Four fingers are fixed externally, and the two hands are pressed down and pushed up. After seeing a humeral shape, 5) put the prepared external fixator into the four fingers and select the best fixed point.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention is a one-word type claw-type humeral external fixator for the external fixation of the tibia fracture: 1) without the knife, (after the swelling)
  • the fixator is installed according to the displacement of the X-ray tibia fracture, 2) disinfection first, 3) re-injection of local anesthetic, 4) the doctor can use two hands and four fingers (refer to Figure 5) outside the injured tibia
  • the four fingers are fixed externally, and the two hands are pressed down and pushed up. After seeing a humeral shape, 5) select the best position of the lower end of the humerus.
  • Remarks (The operation effect is better under X-ray fluoroscopy).
  • the quadriceps of the quadriceps are inserted into the center of the humerus to the top of the tibia, and then the upper part of the tibia is inserted. 6)
  • the holder is attached before and after (see Figure 7), 7) will be installed at the lower end of the fixed needle 6 Luowen's reinforced nut 7 is reversed to pressurize the fixed needle, to determine the position of the fixed needle 6, 8) tighten the set screw 8; if the comminuted fracture of the tibia requires auxiliary fixation, follow the steps: 1) loosen the auxiliary fixing Set screw 8, move to select the best position to fix, 2) insert auxiliary pin 13 into the elliptical pinhole, will add Nut 7 fixed on the secondary sleeve 13 lower end needle thread, selecting the right fixing point, 3) auxiliary fixing needles 13 into the patella, even play two, then inverted reinforcement The nut 7 pressurizes the auxiliary fixing needle to determine the position of the auxiliary fixing pin 13, and 4) fixes the reinfor
  • the down-regulating nut 3 adjusts the pressure-regulating fixing member 2 to the optimum position on the main beam 1, and at the same time, tightens all the set screws 8 or 8-1 to fix it.
  • the third embodiment of the present invention is a one-word type claw-type external fixation device for external fixation of the tibia fracture: 3) surgery for the operation of the surgeon, according to the different conditions of the fracture of the injured jaw, the surgeon must be treated by surgery.

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Abstract

一种一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，包括A款：主要有一字型主梁(1)的两端设有调压固定件(2)，下面设有弧型付梁(4)，付梁(4)的两端设有两两4只付固定件(5)，及固定针(6)；B款：一端与A款相同，另一端的q形固定件(9)下面设有b形固定件(10)，b形固定件(10)上设有固定针(6)，中间设有辅助固定件(11)，其两侧设有八字形针座(12)及辅助固定针(13)；该外固定器的设计适合多种髌骨骨折移位的匹配，一般髌骨骨折不需要开刀手术，可直接将固定针打入髌骨固定，该外固定器安装方便稳固，调节范围大，微创伤，患者无需受到二次手术的痛苦。

Description

一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器 技术领域
本发明专利涉及一种医疗手术用的固定器，该固定器主要用于人体膝关节髌骨骨折或粉碎性骨折的外固定。
背景技术
目前在医疗领域中髌骨骨折普遍使用的固定方法有多种，最常见的有张力带内固定，1、就是手术开刀用钢丝固定，2、穿钢针绕钢丝等，这些手术创伤大，伤口恢复过程耽误关节功能锻炼时机，髌骨增大常出现膝关节粘连功能不到位，最直观的弊端患者还要受第二次手术带来的痛苦；3、目前现有的一些外固定器，安装繁琐，固定可调范围局限，关节功能锻炼被固定器本体阻碍，有的创伤大，医界很少推广；4、民间传统中医保守治疗，用外固定绑扎法，优点：没有伤口，缺点：骨头整合难到位，稳定性差，难以保护，耽误关节锻炼时机髌骨增大变形，影响关节功能质量，甚至难免出现压迫性溃疡等更严重的后果。
发明内容
本发明专利所要解决的技术问题是提供一种一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，使用这种固定器医生可根据患者髌骨骨折的移位情况，事先安装好固定器，一般不是特别严重的粉碎性髌骨骨折不需要开刀手术，可直接将安装好的固定针打入髌骨最佳位置固定，手术简便，定位可调稳固，膝关节功能可以提早锻炼，为患者不要受第二次手术的痛苦，是骨科医学髌骨微创治疗新技术。
为此，本发明专利所提供的一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，为了不同的髌骨骨折移位匹配，设计了两款：“爪式与手式”，爪式有四个固定点，犹如“鹰爪”微创坚固，手式有五个固定点，好比“五指”灵敏稳定；A、爪式：该固定器包括一字型主梁，主梁两端设有调压固定件，一端设有调压螺帽，两端下面设有弧型付梁，付梁两端设有付固定件，及固定针。
B、手式：该固定器包括一字型主梁，主梁一端设有调压固定件，调压螺帽，下面设有弧型付梁，付梁两端设有付固定件，及固定针；主梁另一端设有q形固定件，下面设有b形固定件及固定针；中间设有辅助固定件，辅助固定件两端设有八字形针座及辅助固定针。
由于本发明专利一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，A款：主梁两端设有调压固定件，为了方便安装和选择需要设计了两款，通过调压螺帽推动调压固定件能调节到最佳位置固定，调压固定件下面设有弧型付梁，弧型付梁中间设有校准固定孔对孔固定，《如遇髌骨移位特殊根据需要也能左右移动不对称定位》，弧型付梁两侧设有付固定件，移动付固定件能对横向进行调节，转动付固定件能对斜度进行调节，多方位调节的设计能解决不同髌骨骨折移位的匹配，付固定件下端设有穿针孔，固定针穿进后有加固螺帽调节到最佳位置有紧定螺丝固定。
B款：主梁一端设有调压固定件，另一端设有q形固定件，主梁中间设有辅助固定件，通过调压螺帽推动调压固定件能调节到最佳位置固定，调压固定件下面设计与A款相同；另一端q形固定件下面设有b形固定件，由于b形固定件是单针孔设计，为了解决髌骨骨折移位超前面积极小设计的，不同位置的需要可以转动调节斜度，固定针穿进后有加固螺帽调节到最佳位置有紧定螺丝固定；辅助固定件的设计是为了八字形针座配套用的，根据不同位置髌骨粉碎性骨折需要前后移动有紧定螺丝固定；八字形针座设计两款：A款的设计可转动能调节辅助固定针角度，中间小半圆的设计是为了方便折弯调节角度，椭圆形针孔的设计左右可移动有利于辅助固定针的空间调节，辅助固定针穿进椭圆形针孔后有加固螺帽调节定位(详见图7)；B款的设计可转动能调节一前一后，(详见图9)。备注：1、辅助固定件、两种八字形针座、辅助固定针三件套属辅助固定，根据髌骨骨折移位需要A、B款都可以配用或不用；2、根据需要A、B款所有零部件可以互换组合。
附图说明
图1、图2为人体髌骨骨折用传统开刀手术，用张力带内固定平面示意图，图3为侧面示意图。
图4为本发明专利(A款)一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器固定在骨骼上的侧面示意图。
图5为医生用两手四指给伤者髌骨骨折做外固定的示意图。
图6为本发明专利(A款)一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器实施例的结构平面图。
图7为本发明专利(B款)一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器固定在骨骼上的侧面示意图。
图8为本发明专利A、B两款的零部件。
图9为本发明专利(B款)辅助固定件与两种八字形针座及一字型主梁之间结构原理图。
各附图中1、一字型主梁，(1-1)螺丝纹，(1-2)凹型轨槽，2、调压固定件，(2-1)主梁孔，(2-2)付梁孔、付梁槽，(2-3)螺丝孔，3、调压螺帽，4、弧型付梁，(4-1)防滑纹，(4-2)固定孔，5、付固定件，(5-1)付梁孔，(5-2)穿针孔，(5-3)螺丝孔，6、固定针，7、加固螺帽，8、紧定螺丝，(8-1)螺丝，9、q形固定件，(9-1)主梁孔，(9-2)固定孔，(9-3)螺丝孔，10、b形固定件，(10-1)固定孔，(10-2)穿针孔，(10-3)螺丝孔，11、辅助固定件，(11-1)主梁孔，(11-2)螺丝孔，12、八字形针座，(12-1)固定孔，(12-2)小半圆，(12-3)椭圆形穿针孔，12B八字形针座，(12B-1)固定孔，(12B-2)小半圆，(12B-3)椭圆形穿针孔，13、辅助固定针，14、螺丝套件。
具体实施方式
如图1、图2所示人体髌骨骨折用传统的手术方法，它的弊端，1、要漏出整个关节面，需要开一个大口，开刀破坏髌骨周围组织，据理论分析人体髌骨和周围组织同样重要，传统 手术为了整好里面髌骨，破坏外面组织，就可比天灾人祸，如果手术成功还要受第二次取固定物手术之苦，2、如果手术不理想刀口破坏严重，耽误关节功能锻炼时机，出现膝关节功能障碍，后果就非常严重。
如图6所示，一种一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，该固定器包括一字型主梁1，调压固定件2，调压螺帽3，弧型付梁4，付固定件5，固定针6，加固螺帽7，紧定螺丝8；所述一字型主梁1本体载面为圆形，横梁结构，两端带有螺丝纹1-1，两端分别设有调压固定件2，一端设有调压螺帽3；调压固定件2柱子形上端设有主梁孔2-1，下端设有付梁孔2-2和紧定螺丝孔2-3，主梁孔2-1通过螺丝纹1-1与一字型主梁1相连接，紧定螺丝孔2-3内设置有所述的紧定螺丝8；调压固定件2的付梁孔2-2内穿设有弧型付梁4，弧型付梁4本体载面圆形，两端设有防滑纹4-1，中间设有校准固定孔4-2，弧型付梁4上设有付固定件5，付固定件5为4个，两两分别设置在弧型付梁4的两端；所述的固定针6为4根，分别设置在付固定件5上；付固定件5长方体，上端设有付梁孔5-1，下端设有穿针孔5-2和紧定螺丝孔5-3，付梁孔5-1穿设在弧型付梁4上，穿针孔5-2内设有固定针6，所述的加固螺帽7设置在固定针6上，紧定螺丝孔5-3内设置有所述的紧定螺丝8。
如图7图所示，一种一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，该固定器包括一字型主梁1，调压固定件2，调压螺帽3，弧型付梁4，付固定件5，固定针6，加固螺帽7，紧定螺丝8，螺丝8-1，q形固定件9，b形固定件10，辅助固定件11，八字形针座12，及12B，辅助固定针13，螺丝套件14；所述一字型主梁1本体载面圆形，两端带有螺丝纹1-1，上面设有凹型轨槽，一端设有调压固定件2，调压螺帽3；另一端设有q形固定件9，中间设有辅助固定件11；调压固定件2柱子形上端设有主梁孔2-1，下端设有付梁槽2-2和紧定螺丝孔2-3，主梁孔2-1通过螺丝纹1-1对准凹型轨槽1-2与一字型主梁1相连接，紧定螺丝孔2-3内设置有所述的紧定-螺丝8；调压螺帽3安装在调压固定件2旁边；调压固定件2的付梁槽2-2内穿设弧型付梁4，弧型付梁4本体载面圆形，两端设有防滑纹4-1，中间方体设有校准固定孔4-2，弧型付梁4上设有付固定件5，付固定件5为2个，分别设置在弧型付梁4的两端；付固定件5长方体上端设有付梁孔5-1，下端设有穿针孔5-2和紧定螺丝孔5-3，付梁孔5-1穿设在弧型付梁4上，穿针孔5-2内设有固定针6，所述的加固螺帽7设置在固定针6上，紧定螺丝孔5-3内设置有所述的紧定螺丝8；所述的q形固定件9，上端方体设有主梁孔9-1，下端半方体下圆角形设有固定孔9-2，顶部设有紧定螺丝孔9-3，主梁孔9-1通过螺丝纹1-1与一字型主梁1相连接，紧定螺丝孔9-3内设置有所述的紧定螺丝8；所述的b形固定件10，上端半方体上圆角形设有固定孔10-1，下端长方体设有穿针孔10-2和紧定螺丝孔10-3，固定孔10-1与q形固定件9的固定孔9-2相连接，两孔内设有螺丝套件(14)固定，穿针孔10-2内设置有 所述的固定针6，所述的加固螺帽7设置在固定针6上，紧定螺丝孔10-3内设有所述的紧定螺丝8；所述的辅助固定件11上面设有主梁孔11-1，两侧和顶部分别设有螺丝孔11-2；所述的八字形针座12，长方体折弯，上端设有固定孔12-1，中间靠上设有小半圆12-2，下端设有椭圆形穿针孔12-3，两个八字形针座12通过固定孔12-1与螺丝孔11-2与辅助固定件11相连接，紧定螺丝孔11-2内设置有螺丝8-1固定，椭圆形穿针孔12-3内分别设置有辅助固定针13，加固螺帽(7)设置在辅助固定针(13)螺纹上，在椭圆形穿针孔(12-3)的上下设置固定。所述的八字形针座12B，长方体两端折弯，中间设有固定孔12B-1，靠中两侧设有小半圆12B-2，下端设有椭圆形穿针孔12B-3，八字形针座12B通过固定孔12B-1与螺丝孔11-2与辅助固定件11相连接，紧定螺丝孔11-2内设置有螺丝8-1固定，椭圆形穿针孔12B-3内分别设置有辅助固定针13，加固螺帽(7)设置在辅助固定针(13)螺纹上，在椭圆形穿针孔(12B-3)的上下设置固定。
如图4、图5所示，本发明专利A款，第一种实施例一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器用于接髌骨骨折外固定的方法：1)不开刀，(消肿后)首先将固定器根据X光片髌骨骨折的移位情况照图安装好，2)先做消毒，3)再注射局部麻药，4)时后医生可用两手四指(参照图5)在伤者髌骨外进行四指外固定，两手用力下压上下推动，待看到凸出一个髌骨形之后，5)将已准备好的外固定器放到四指内，选好最佳固定点，备注：(在X光透视下操作效果更好)，6)松开紧定螺丝8，7)将固定针6直接穿透皮层组织打入髌骨，连打四枚，(参照图5图6)，8)接着将事先安装在固定针6下端罗文上的加固螺帽7倒转对固定针加压，确定固定针6位置合适，9)拧紧紧定螺丝8；然后检查是或需要调节，移动付固定件5横向调节，转动付固定件5斜度调节，拧或倒调压螺帽3调节调压固定件2在主梁1上到最佳位置固定，同时拧紧所有的紧定螺丝8固定即可。
如图7所示，B款，本发明专利第二种实施例一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，用于接髌骨骨折外固定的方法：1)不开刀，(消肿后)首先将固定器根据X光片髌骨骨折的移位情况照图安装好，2)先做消毒，3)再注射局部麻药，4)时后医生可用两手四指(参照图5)在伤者髌骨外进行四指外固定，两手用力下压上下推动，待看到凸出一个髌骨形之后，5)选好髌骨下端最佳位置，备注：(在X光透视下操作效果更好)将固定针6从股四头肌上髌骨下单针打入中心点顶住髌骨，接着再打入髌骨上面两枚，6)前后装上固定器，(参照图7)，7)将事先安装在固定针6下端罗文上的加固螺帽7倒转对固定针加压，确定固定针6位置合适，8)拧紧紧定螺丝8；如果髌骨粉碎性骨折需要辅助固定，按步骤：1)松开辅助固定件紧定螺丝8，移动选好最佳位置固定，2)将辅助固定针13穿进椭圆形针孔，将加固螺帽7套在辅助固定针13下端螺纹上，选准固定点，3)将辅助固定针13打入髌骨，连打两枚，然后倒转加固 螺帽7对辅助固定针加压，确定辅助固定针13位置合适，4)装上椭圆形针孔上面加固螺帽7固定。然后检查是或需要调节，移动付固定件5横向调节，转动付固定件5斜度调节，移动辅助固定件前后调节，转动八字形针座角度调节，转动b形固定件斜度调节，拧或倒调压螺帽3调节调压固定件2在主梁1上到最佳位置固定，同时拧紧所有的紧定螺丝8或8-1固定即可。
本发明专利第三种实施例一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，用于接髌骨骨折外固定的方法：3)开刀手术，医生根据伤者髌骨骨折的不同情况，必须通过开刀手术处理才能固定的，待手术处理好后，再根据伤者髌骨骨折的移位情况选择匹配的固定器并安装好，A款：1)选择最佳固定点，2)松开固定针6上的紧定螺丝8，3)将固定针6直接打入髌骨，(参照图4或图6)，4)接着倒转加固螺帽7对固定针6加压，确定固定针6位置合适，5)拧紧紧定螺丝8；然后检查是或需要调节，移动付固定件5横向调节，转动付固定件5斜度调节，拧或倒调压螺帽3调节主梁固定件2在主梁1上到最佳位置，同时拧紧所有的紧定螺丝8或8-1固定即可。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，其特征是：包括固定器整体装置，固定器上设计的零部件分别有：一字型主梁(1)，调压固定件(2)，调压螺帽(3)，弧型付梁(4)，付固定件(5)，固定针(6)，加固螺帽(7)，紧定螺丝(8)；所述一字型主梁(1)本体载面圆形，横梁结构，两端带有螺丝纹(1-1)，两端分别设有调压固定件(2)，一端设有调压螺帽(3)；调压固定件(2)下面付梁孔(2-2)内设有弧型付梁(4)，弧型付梁(4)的两端设有两两4只付固定件(5)，付固定件(5)下端穿针孔5-2内设置有所述的固定针(6)，所有固定件上的螺丝孔内设有所述的紧定螺丝(8)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，其特征是：调压固定件(2)柱子形上端设有主梁孔(2-1)，下端设有付梁孔(2-2)，紧定螺丝孔(2-3)，主梁孔(2-1)通过螺丝纹(1-1)与一字型主梁(1)相连接，付梁孔(2-2)内穿设有弧型付梁(4)，紧定螺丝孔(2-3)内设有所述的紧定螺丝(8)。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，其特征是：弧型付梁(4)本体载面圆形，两端设有防滑纹(4-1)，中间设有校准固定孔(4-2)，两端设有付固定件(5)，付固定件5为4个，两两分别设置在弧型付梁(4)的两端。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，其特征是：付固定件(5)长方体，上端设有付梁孔(5-1)，下端设有穿针孔(5-2)，紧定螺丝孔(5-3)，付梁孔(5-1)穿设在弧型付梁(4)上，穿针孔(5-2)内设有固定针(6)，固定针(6)螺纹上设有加固螺帽(7)，所述的紧定螺丝孔(5-3)内设有紧定螺丝(8)。
  5. 一种一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，其特征是：包括固定器整体装置，固定器上设计的零部件分别有：一字型主梁(1)，调压固定件(2)，调压螺帽(3)，弧型付梁(4)，付固定件(5)，固定针(6)，加固螺帽(7)，紧定螺丝(8)，螺丝(8-1)，q形固定件(9)，b形固定件(10)，辅助固定件(11)，八字形针座(12)，及(12B)，辅助固定针(13)，螺丝套件(14)；所述一字型主梁(1)本体载面圆形，两端带有螺丝纹(1-1)，上面设有凹型轨槽(1-2)；一端设有调压固定件(2)，调压螺帽(3)；调压固定件(2)下面付梁槽2-2内设有弧型付梁(4)，弧型付梁(4)的两端分别设有付固定件(5)，付固定件(5)下面穿针孔5-2内设有说述的固定针(6)；另一端设有q形固定件(9)，q形固定件(9)下面设有b形固定件(10)，b形固定件(10)下面穿针孔(10-2)内设有说述的固定针(6)；中间设有辅助固定件(11)，辅助固定件(11)两侧设有八字形针座(12)，辅助固定针(13)两枚穿设在八字形针座下面椭圆形穿针孔(12-3)内，有所述的加固螺帽(7)设置在辅助固定针(13)螺纹上固定。
  6. 根据权要求5所述的一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，其特征是：调压固定件(2)柱子形上端设有主梁孔(2-1)，下端设有付梁槽(2-2)，紧定螺丝孔(2-3)，主梁孔(2-1)通过螺丝 纹(1-1)对准凹型轨槽(1-2)与一字型主梁(1)相连接，调压螺帽3安装在调压固定件(2)旁边，付梁槽(2-2)内设有弧型付梁(4)，所述紧定螺丝孔(2-3)内设有紧定螺丝(8)。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，其特征是：弧型付梁(4)本体载面圆形，两端设有防滑纹(4-1)，中间方体设有校准固定孔(4-2)，两端设有付固定件(5)，付固定件5为2个，分别设置在弧型付梁(4)的两端。
  8. 根据权利要求5或6或7所述的一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，其特征是：付固定件(5)长方体上端设有付梁孔(5-1)，下端设有穿针孔(5-2)，紧定螺丝孔(5-3)；付梁孔(5-1)内穿设在弧型付梁(4)上，穿针孔(5-2)内设有固定针(6)，固定针(6)罗文上设有加固螺帽(7)，所述的紧定螺丝孔(5-3)内设有紧定螺丝(8)。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，其特征是：一字型主梁(1)的另一端设有q形固定件(9)，q形固定件(9)上端方体，设有主梁孔(9-1)，下端半方体下圆角形设有固定孔(9-2)，顶部设有紧定螺丝孔(9-3)，q形固定件(9)下面设有b形固定件(10)；b形固定件(10)上端半方体上圆角形设有固定孔(10-1)，下端长方体设有穿针孔(10-2)，紧定螺丝孔(10-3)，主梁孔(9-1)通过螺丝纹(1-1)与一字型主梁(1)相连接，q形固定件固定孔(9-2)与b形固定件固定孔(10-1)通过螺丝套件(14)相连接，穿针孔(10-2)，内设有固定针6，所有紧定螺丝孔内设有紧定螺丝(8)。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，其特征是：一字型主梁(1)的中间设有辅助固定件(11)，辅助固定件(11)上面设有主梁孔(11-1)，两侧与顶部设有螺丝孔(11-2)，顶部螺丝孔(11-2)内设有紧定螺丝(8)或(8-1)，辅助固定件(11)两侧设有八字形针座(12)；八字形针座(12)长方体折弯，上端设有固定孔(12-1)，中间靠上设有小半圆(12-2)，下端设有椭圆形穿针孔(12-3)，辅助固定件两侧螺丝孔(11-2)与八字形针座固定孔(12-1)通过螺丝(8-1)相连接固定，椭圆形穿针孔(12-3)内设有辅助固定针(13)，加固螺帽(7)设置在辅助固定针(13)螺纹上，在椭圆形穿针孔(12-3)上下设置固定。
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的一字型手爪式髌骨外固定器，其特征是：一字型主梁(1)的中间设有辅助固定件(11)，辅助固定件(11)上面设有主梁孔(11-1)，顶部与两侧三方设有螺丝孔(11-2)，顶部或下方螺丝孔(11-2)内设有紧定螺丝(8)或(8-1)，辅助固定件(11)顶部或下方设有八字形针座(12B)；八字形针座(12B)长方体两侧折弯，中间设有固定孔(12B-1)，靠中两侧设有小半圆(12B-2)，下端设有椭圆形穿针孔(12B-3)，辅助固定件顶部或下方螺丝孔(11-2)与八字形针座固定孔(12B-1)通过螺丝(8-1)相连接固定，椭圆形穿针孔(12B-3)内设有辅助固定针(13)，加固螺帽(7)设置在辅助固定针(13)螺纹上，在椭圆形穿针孔(12B-3)上下设置固定。
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