WO2016172913A1 - 一种基于负反馈的功率放大器结构 - Google Patents
一种基于负反馈的功率放大器结构 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016172913A1 WO2016172913A1 PCT/CN2015/077935 CN2015077935W WO2016172913A1 WO 2016172913 A1 WO2016172913 A1 WO 2016172913A1 CN 2015077935 W CN2015077935 W CN 2015077935W WO 2016172913 A1 WO2016172913 A1 WO 2016172913A1
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- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/34—Negative-feedback-circuit arrangements with or without positive feedback
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- the present invention relates to the field of wireless communications, such as 3G, 4G communications, and radio frequency transmitters in wireless local area networks, and more particularly to a power amplifier structure based on negative feedback, which is an important circuit module in a radio frequency transmitter.
- High-speed wireless communication technologies such as 3G, 4G mobile communication and wireless local area network use the peak-to-average modulation signal, which causes the power amplifier to retreat a large amount of power to meet the linearity requirement of the peak-to-average modulation signal.
- Power backoff in turn causes the power amplifier to operate at a lower output power most of the time, so the efficiency is very low.
- the envelope tracking scheme is considered to be the most feasible, as shown in Figure 1.
- the envelope tracking scheme needs to add an envelope modulator (Envelope Modulator) based on the classic RF system.
- the baseband outputs the appropriate envelope waveform, and the envelope modulator is used for envelope tracking and power amplifier (PA).
- PA envelope tracking and power amplifier
- the baseband also corrects the delay of the envelope signal and the RF signal through feedforward.
- Envelope tracking technology increases battery efficiency by adjusting the power waveform of the power amplifier, thus extending battery life in mobile communications.
- the battery life of mobile phones using 4G LTE can be extended by about 50%.
- the application of the current envelope tracking technology has the following problems: the envelope tracking technology requires the support of a power amplifier, an envelope modulator, and a baseband algorithm, so the system is complicated.
- the correction of the baseband delay and the generation of the envelope waveform are essentially feedforward predistortion. Due to the lack of feedback, the predistortion will have errors, and the distortion caused by the error will be more obvious under the extreme temperature and chip process angle. .
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a power amplifier structure based on negative feedback, based on the envelope tracking technology, using the negative feedback to automatically correct the delay and automatically generate the power supply voltage waveform of the power amplifier.
- the present invention provides a power amplifier structure based on negative feedback, which is an output signal envelope detector, attenuator and package which are sequentially connected between an output end of a power amplifier and a power supply terminal.
- the amplifier, the power amplifier, the output signal envelope detector, the attenuator, and the envelope amplifier form a feedback loop; the envelope amplifier dynamically compares the envelope of the power amplifier RF input signal with the envelope of the power amplifier RF output signal Adjust the power supply voltage of the power amplifier to achieve constant power amplifier gain and improve the efficiency of the power amplifier under the output modulation signal.
- the output end of the power amplifier is connected to the input end of the output signal envelope detector, the output end of the output signal envelope detector is connected to the input end of the attenuator, and the output end of the attenuator is connected to the envelope amplifier.
- the output of the envelope amplifier is connected to the power supply terminal of the power amplifier to form a feedback loop.
- the power amplifier structure further includes an input signal envelope detector, the input signal envelope detector being coupled to the positive input terminal of the envelope amplifier.
- the input signal is divided into two paths, one is connected to the input end of the power amplifier, and the other is connected to the input signal envelope detector, and the output signal generated by the input signal envelope detector is connected to the envelope amplifier. Positive input.
- the power amplifier structure utilizes the gain compression characteristics of the power amplifier and the monotonicity of the Early voltage characteristic, and the gain of the power amplifier is controlled by adjusting the power supply voltage of the power amplifier.
- the adjusting the power supply voltage of the power amplifier to control the gain of the power amplifier comprises: when the gain of the power amplifier is too high or too low, the feedback loop causes the power supply voltage of the power amplifier to be correspondingly reduced or Raised so that the negative input of the envelope amplifier tracks its positive input, so the gain of the power amplifier is equal to the attenuation of the attenuator.
- the power amplifier structure utilizes a feedback loop, which is It includes a power amplifier that provides a low voltage and provides a high voltage to the power amplifier it contains during large signal inputs, thereby increasing the efficiency of the power amplifier structure when outputting modulated signals.
- the negative feedback-based power amplifier structure provided by the invention realizes high linearity and high efficiency by using negative feedback, and is advantageous for single chip integration, does not require baseband support, greatly reduces the complexity of the application system, and improves the complexity. reliability.
- the negative feedback-based power amplifier structure provided by the present invention provides a low voltage for a power amplifier included in a small signal input, and a high voltage for a power amplifier included in a large signal input, so the structure is The efficiency of the output of the modulated signal is higher than that of the conventional fixed supply voltage.
- the negative feedback-based power amplifier structure provided by the present invention provides a low voltage for a power amplifier included in a small signal input, and a high voltage for a power amplifier included in a large signal input, so modulation is performed in the future.
- the signal peak-to-average ratio is getting higher and higher, and the structure can still ensure higher efficiency under the trend that the input signal is relatively small most of the time.
- the negative feedback based power amplifier structure provided by the present invention can output a larger linear power by adjusting the power supply voltage in a gain compression region of the power amplifier it contains.
- the power amplifier structure based on negative feedback provided by the present invention does not require a power amplifier including a good gain flatness, but utilizes the gain compression characteristics of the power amplifier and the monotonicity of the Early voltage characteristic.
- the power amplifier included in the structure can be a switch-type power amplifier with higher efficiency than the linear power amplifier, which further improves the efficiency of the structure.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an envelope tracking scheme in the prior art.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a negative feedback based power amplifier structure provided by the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a power amplifier structure based on negative feedback in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention Figure.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a negative feedback-based power amplifier structure provided by the present invention.
- the power amplifier structure is an output that is sequentially connected between an output terminal and a power terminal of a conventional power amplifier (PA).
- PA power amplifier
- the Envelope Detector, the Attenuator, and the Envelope Amplifier form a feedback loop for the power amplifier, the output signal envelope detector, the attenuator, and the envelope amplifier.
- the envelope amplifier dynamically adjusts the power supply voltage of the power amplifier by comparing the envelope of the RF input signal of the power amplifier with the envelope of the RF output signal of the power amplifier, thereby achieving constant power amplifier gain and greatly improving the output of the power amplifier. The efficiency under the modulated signal.
- the feedback loop in FIG. 2 is composed of a power amplifier, an output signal envelope detector, an attenuator and an envelope amplifier connected in sequence, wherein the output of the power amplifier is connected to the input end of the output signal envelope detector, and the output signal packet is output.
- the output of the detector is connected to the input of the attenuator, the output of the attenuator is connected to the negative input of the envelope amplifier, and the output of the envelope amplifier is connected to the power supply terminal of the power amplifier to form a feedback loop.
- the negative feedback based power amplifier structure further includes an input signal envelope detector (Envelope Detector) connected to the positive input terminal of the envelope amplifier.
- the input signal is split into two paths, one connected to the input of the power amplifier and the other connected to the input signal envelope detector, the output signal of the input signal envelope detector being coupled to the positive input of the envelope amplifier.
- the negative feedback-based power amplifier structure controls the gain of the power amplifier by adjusting the power supply voltage of the power amplifier by using the gain compression characteristic of the power amplifier and the monotonicity of the Early voltage characteristic.
- the feedback loop causes the power supply voltage of the power amplifier to be correspondingly lowered or increased, so that the negative input of the envelope amplifier tracks its positive input, so the gain of the power amplifier is Equal to the attenuation value of the attenuator.
- the negative feedback-based power amplifier structure provided by the present invention utilizes a feedback loop to provide a low voltage for a power amplifier included in a small signal input, and a high voltage for a power amplifier included in a large signal input, thereby improving The efficiency of the power amplifier structure when outputting a modulated signal.
- the basic idea of the power amplifier structure based on negative feedback provided by the present invention is to dynamically adjust the power supply voltage according to the power input power of the power amplifier, so that the gain of the power amplifier is constant. In this process, when the input power is small, the power supply voltage is low, and when the input power is large, the power supply voltage is high, thus automatically completing the required actions of the envelope tracking technology.
- two Envelope Detectors that is, an input signal envelope detector and an output signal envelope detector, respectively detect an envelope waveform of an input RF signal and an output RF signal.
- the power amplifier, the output signal envelope detector, the attenuator, and the envelope amplifier form a negative feedback loop.
- the negative feedback loop causes the negative input of the envelope amplifier to track its positive input, so the envelope signal of the power amplifier is amplified by a multiple of the attenuation of the attenuator.
- the gain of the power amplifier is the multiple of the attenuation of the attenuator.
- the input signal envelope detector detects the envelope of the input signal
- the output signal envelope detector detects the envelope of the output signal
- the two envelope signals (the output envelope passes through the attenuator) utilize the envelope
- the amplifier is compared. If the attenuated output envelope is large, the supply voltage is lowered to reduce the gain and vice versa. Thereby achieving the purpose of constant power amplifier gain.
- the power amplifier structure realizes the envelope tracking technique by using only one feedback loop.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，该功率放大器结构是在功率放大器的输出端与电源端之问增加依次连接的输出信号包络检波器、衰减器和包络放大器，使功率放大器、输出信号包络检波器、衰减器和包络放大器构成反馈环；该包络放大器通过比较功率放大器射频输入信号的包络以及功率放大器射频输出信号的包络，动态地调节功率放大器的电源电压，从而既能够实现功率放大器增益恒定，又大大提高了功率放大器在输出调制信号下的效率。
Description
本发明涉及无线通信领域，诸如3G、4G通信以及无线局域网中的射频发射机，尤其是一种基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，该功率放大器结构是射频发射机中的重要电路模块。
3G、4G移动通信以及无线局域网等高速无线通信技术都采用了高峰均比的调制信号，这导致功率放大器需要回退大量的功率才能满足上述高峰均比调制信号的线性度要求。功率回退又导致了功率放大器绝大多数时间都工作在较小输出功率的状态下，因此效率非常低。
为解决该问题，学术界提出了几种基于极坐标发射机的解决方案，包括包络跟踪方案、包络消除与恢复方案、LINC方案等。其中包络跟踪方案被认为是最具有可行性的，如图1所示。包络跟踪方案需要在经典射频系统的基础上新增加包络调制器(Envelope Modulator)，基带输出合适的包络波形，利用包络调制器进行包络跟踪并为功率放大器(PA)供电，同时基带还要通过前馈校正包络信号与射频信号的延时。包络跟踪技术通过调节功率放大器的电源波形以提高其效率，因此在移动通信领域可以延长电池寿命。目前，使用包络跟踪技术后，使用4G LTE制式的手机电池寿命可延长约50％。
然而目前的包络跟踪技术的应用存在以下问题：包络跟踪技术需要功率放大器、包络调制器以及基带算法的支持，因此系统复杂。另外，基带对延时的校正以及包络波形的生成本质上属于前馈预失真，由于缺少反馈，因此预失真会存在误差，在较极端的温度及芯片工艺角下误差导致的失真会更加明显。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，以在包络跟踪技术的基础上，利用负反馈自动校正延时并自动生成功率放大器的电源电压波形。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，该功率放大器结构是在功率放大器的输出端与电源端之间增加依次连接的输出信号包络检波器、衰减器和包络放大器，使功率放大器、输出信号包络检波器、衰减器和包络放大器构成反馈环；该包络放大器通过比较功率放大器射频输入信号的包络以及功率放大器射频输出信号的包络，动态地调节功率放大器的电源电压，实现功率放大器增益恒定，并提高功率放大器在输出调制信号下的效率。
上述方案中，所述功率放大器的输出端连接于输出信号包络检波器的输入端，输出信号包络检波器的输出端连接于衰减器的输入端，衰减器的输出端连接于包络放大器的负输入端，包络放大器的输出端连接于功率放大器的电源端，从而构成反馈环。
上述方案中，该功率放大器结构还包括输入信号包络检波器，该输入信号包络检波器连接于所述包络放大器的正输入端。
上述方案中，输入信号被分成两路，一路连接于功率放大器的输入端，另一路连接于该输入信号包络检波器，该输入信号包络检波器产生的输出信号连接于该包络放大器的正输入端。
上述方案中，该功率放大器结构利用其包含的功率放大器的增益压缩特性与Early电压特性的单调性，通过调节该功率放大器的电源电压进而控制该功率放大器的增益。
上述方案中，所述通过调节该功率放大器的电源电压进而控制该功率放大器的增益，具体包括：当该功率放大器的增益过高或过低时，反馈环路使得功率放大器的电源电压相应降低或升高，从而使包络放大器的负输入端跟踪其正输入端，因此功率放大器的增益等于衰减器的衰减值。
上述方案中，该功率放大器结构利用反馈环路，在小信号输入时为
其包含的功率放大器提供低电压，在大信号输入时则为其包含的功率放大器提供高电压，从而提高该功率放大器结构在输出调制信号时的效率。
从上述技术方案可以看出，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明提供的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，利用负反馈同时实现了高线性度和高效率，而且利于单芯片集成，不需要基带的支持，大大降低了应用系统的复杂度，提高了可靠性。
2、本发明提供的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，由于在小信号输入时为其包含的功率放大器提供低电压，在大信号输入时则为其包含的功率放大器提供高电压，所以该结构在输出调制信号时的效率高于传统的固定电源电压的功率放大器。
3、本发明提供的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，由于在小信号输入时为其包含的功率放大器提供低电压，在大信号输入时则为其包含的功率放大器提供高电压，所以在未来调制信号峰均比越来越高，大多数时间里输入信号都比较小的趋势下该结构仍能保证较高的效率。
4、本发明提供的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，由于可以在其包含的功率放大器的增益压缩区域内通过调节电源电压获得固定增益，所以该结构可以输出更大的线性功率。
5、本发明提供的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，由于不要求其包含的功率放大器具有较好的增益平坦度，而是利用其包含的功率放大器的增益压缩特性与Early电压特性的单调性，通过调节该功率放大器的电源电压进而控制该功率放大器的增益，所以该结构所包含的功率放大器可以是效率较线性类功放更高的开关类功放，继而进一步提高了该结构的效率。
图1是现有技术中包络跟踪方案的结构示意图。
图2是本发明提供的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构的框图。
图3是依照本发明实施例的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构的电路
图。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。
如图2所示，图2是本发明提供的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构的框图，该功率放大器结构是在现有普通功率放大器(PA)的输出端与电源端之间增加依次连接的输出信号包络检波器(Envelope Detector)、衰减器(Attenuator)和包络放大器(Envelope Amplifier)，使功率放大器、输出信号包络检波器、衰减器和包络放大器构成反馈环。该包络放大器通过比较功率放大器射频输入信号的包络以及功率放大器射频输出信号的包络，动态地调节功率放大器的电源电压，从而既能够实现功率放大器增益恒定，又大大提高了功率放大器在输出调制信号下的效率。
图2中的反馈环由功率放大器、输出信号包络检波器、衰减器和包络放大器依次连接成环构成，其中功率放大器的输出端连接于输出信号包络检波器的输入端，输出信号包络检波器的输出端连接于衰减器的输入端，衰减器的输出端连接于包络放大器的负输入端，包络放大器的输出端连接于功率放大器的电源端，从而构成反馈环。
请参照图2，该基于负反馈的功率放大器结构还包括输入信号包络检波器(Envelope Detector)，该输入信号包络检波器连接于所述包络放大器的正输入端。输入信号被分成两路，一路连接于功率放大器的输入端，另一路连接于该输入信号包络检波器，该输入信号包络检波器产生的输出信号连接于该包络放大器的正输入端。
本发明提供的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，利用其包含的功率放大器的增益压缩特性与Early电压特性的单调性，通过调节该功率放大器的电源电压进而控制该功率放大器的增益。当该功率放大器的增益过高或过低时，反馈环路使得功率放大器的电源电压相应降低或升高，从而使包络放大器的负输入端跟踪其正输入端，因此功率放大器的增益就
等于衰减器的衰减值。
本发明提供的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，利用反馈环路，在小信号输入时为其包含的功率放大器提供低电压，在大信号输入时则为其包含的功率放大器提供高电压，从而提高该功率放大器结构在输出调制信号时的效率。
下面结合图3详细描述本发明提供的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构的工作流程：
由于功率放大器具有增益压缩特性，因此随着输出功率的增大，功率放大器的增益会逐渐下降。另一方面，晶体管具有Early电压特性，因此电源电压越高，功率放大器的增益越大。因此本发明提供的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，其基本思想就是根据功放输入功率的大小动态的调节其电源电压，使得功率放大器的增益恒定。而在这个过程中，必然输入功率较小时电源电压较低，输入功率较大时电源电压较高，这样就自动完成了包络跟踪技术的所需要的动作。
图3所示的电路中，两个包络检波器(Envelope Detector)，即输入信号包络检波器及输出信号包络检波器，分别检测出输入射频信号和输出射频信号的包络波形。功率放大器、输出信号包络检波器、衰减器和包络放大器构成负反馈环路。该负反馈环路使包络放大器的负输入端跟踪其正输入端，因此功率放大器的包络信号被放大了衰减器所衰减的倍数。同样，功率放大器的增益也就是衰减器所衰减的倍数。
当输入信号变化时，输入信号包络检波器检测出输入信号的包络，输出信号包络检波器检测出输出信号的包络，两路包络信号(输出包络经过衰减器)利用包络放大器进行比较。如果经衰减的输出包络大，则降低电源电压从而降低增益，反之亦然。从而达到恒定功率放大器增益的目的。
在这个反馈调节电源电压的过程中，自动实现了小输入功率下为功率放大器提供低电源电压，而大输入功率下为功率放大器提供高电源电压，因而提高了功率放大器的效率。故该功率放大器结构仅仅利用一个反馈环路就实现了包络跟踪技术。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
- 一种基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，该功率放大器结构是在功率放大器的输出端与电源端之间增加依次连接的输出信号包络检波器、衰减器和包络放大器，使功率放大器、输出信号包络检波器、衰减器和包络放大器构成反馈环；该包络放大器通过比较功率放大器射频输入信号的包络以及功率放大器射频输出信号的包络，动态地调节功率放大器的电源电压，实现功率放大器增益恒定，并提高功率放大器在输出调制信号下的效率。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，其中，所述功率放大器的输出端连接于输出信号包络检波器的输入端，输出信号包络检波器的输出端连接于衰减器的输入端，衰减器的输出端连接于包络放大器的负输入端，包络放大器的输出端连接于功率放大器的电源端，从而构成反馈环。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，其中，该功率放大器结构还包括输入信号包络检波器，该输入信号包络检波器连接于所述包络放大器的正输入端。
- 根据权利要求3所述的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，其中，输入信号被分成两路，一路连接于功率放大器的输入端，另一路连接于该输入信号包络检波器，该输入信号包络检波器产生的输出信号连接于该包络放大器的正输入端。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，其中，该功率放大器结构利用其包含的功率放大器的增益压缩特性与Early电压特性的单调性，通过调节该功率放大器的电源电压进而控制该功率放大器的增益。
- 根据权利要求5所述的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，其中，所述通过调节该功率放大器的电源电压进而控制该功率放大器的增益，具体包括：当该功率放大器的增益过高或过低时，反馈环路使得功率放大器的 电源电压相应降低或升高，从而使包络放大器的负输入端跟踪其正输入端，因此功率放大器的增益等于衰减器的衰减值。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于负反馈的功率放大器结构，其中，该功率放大器结构利用反馈环路，在小信号输入时为其包含的功率放大器提供低电压，在大信号输入时则为其包含的功率放大器提供高电压，从而提高该功率放大器结构在输出调制信号时的效率。
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| CN1518793A (zh) * | 2001-04-23 | 2004-08-04 | ����ɭ�绰�ɷ�����˾ | 用于包络反馈放大器线性化的线性自动优化 |
| US20050208907A1 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2005-09-22 | Ryo Yamazaki | Detecting and maintaining linearity in a power amplifier system through envelope power comparisons |
| CN203278749U (zh) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-11-06 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | 具有自动电平控制电路的低噪声放大器 |
| CN104836536A (zh) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-08-12 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | 一种基于负反馈的功率放大器结构 |
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| CN1518793A (zh) * | 2001-04-23 | 2004-08-04 | ����ɭ�绰�ɷ�����˾ | 用于包络反馈放大器线性化的线性自动优化 |
| US20050208907A1 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2005-09-22 | Ryo Yamazaki | Detecting and maintaining linearity in a power amplifier system through envelope power comparisons |
| CN203278749U (zh) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-11-06 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | 具有自动电平控制电路的低噪声放大器 |
| CN104836536A (zh) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-08-12 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | 一种基于负反馈的功率放大器结构 |
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