WO2016171637A1 - Système de stockage pour céréales et autres produits granulaires maintenant le taux de dioxyde de carbone et de faibles taux d'humidité dans un silo - Google Patents

Système de stockage pour céréales et autres produits granulaires maintenant le taux de dioxyde de carbone et de faibles taux d'humidité dans un silo Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016171637A1
WO2016171637A1 PCT/TR2016/050107 TR2016050107W WO2016171637A1 WO 2016171637 A1 WO2016171637 A1 WO 2016171637A1 TR 2016050107 W TR2016050107 W TR 2016050107W WO 2016171637 A1 WO2016171637 A1 WO 2016171637A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
silo
centre
cold
humidity
grain
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/TR2016/050107
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mustafa ERBAS
Original Assignee
Erbas Mustafa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Erbas Mustafa filed Critical Erbas Mustafa
Publication of WO2016171637A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016171637A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
    • F26B9/063—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers for drying granular material in bulk, e.g. grain bins or silos with false floor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/08—Humidity
    • F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/06—Grains, e.g. cereals, wheat, rice, corn

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a silo where the products are stored such that physical, chemical, biological and technological properties of the products such as grain, legume and oily seeds are protected.
  • Especially the invention is designed in order to maintain the grain water content of the granular products stored in the silo and the humidity content (relative humidity) inside the silo under the desired levels and in order to maintain the carbon dioxide which the grains create by respiration; and relates to a cold centre and a porous air dispenser pipe system which feeds the air from the cold centre with high carbon dioxide content but low humidity and oxygen content back into the silo by dispensing it through the silo wall in the silo.
  • Grains and other granular products need to be maintained well without being spoiled as they are harvested in a particular period of the year and used for human and animal nutrition all the year round and stored as seeds.
  • Storage is defined as maintaining a variety of products under conditions which protect their amount and quality at maximum levels. In this content, maintaining the grains under conditions which protect the amount and biological, technological, nutritional and sensorial quality thereof is defined as grain storage. Grain storage aims to maintain the food, feed and seed quality of the grain until the next harvest period or more. When the grains are stored under suitable conditions, they can be stored for a long time without losing their quality by their nature.
  • the emergence risk of disorders in population is increased such as cancer by mycotoxins caused by moulding and allergic disorders (such as asthma) caused by residual body parts of pests.
  • the water content of the grain should be low and this low water content of the grain should be maintained during storage.
  • the grains should be clean, mature enough and stable and the grain water content should be lower than 14%
  • the silo atmosphere humidity should be lower than 65%
  • temperature of the bulk should be lower than 15°C.
  • an oxygen content lower than 2% and/or carbon dioxide content higher than 12% in silo atmosphere have a substantial contribution on a proper storage.
  • grain storage methods may vary from primitive methods such as underground wells used since very old times, over-ground bulks and storage in sacks to the methods such as silos having various technological properties.
  • the silos may be produced from concrete or metal in our day; they are made of metal because of their advantages such as installation, transportation and high technology application ease in spite of their high thermal conductivity disadvantage.
  • Metal silos can have various sizes between 10-30 meters in diameter and height.
  • cereal grain basically consists of replacement food store called as endosperm, a respiring live plant draft that is called as embryo and a multi-layered husk protecting the others.
  • Storage losses arise from the structure of the respiring live grain and common and complex interactions of the variable environmental conditions. Improper storage conditions both accelerate the respiratory activities of grains and increase microbiological activity and pest activities. The most important factors of the losses occurred during grain storage are grain respiration, microbial activity and pest activities. The magnitude of these losses arising from those factors can be basically controlled with grain water content and silo conditions like relative humidity, temperature and composition of the atmosphere. Similar to all live grains, cereal grains get the energy they need in order to maintain their viability through respiration.
  • Respiration is defined as the mechanism of obtaining energy by lysing the glucose obtained from carbohydrates in its structure with oxygen via the help of grain's enzymes. As it can be seen from the reaction below, while carbohydrate content of the grain is consumed via respiration; carbon dioxide, water vapour and heat energy are formed during this process.
  • Water vapour formed by the grains during the respiration activity causes the relative humidity inside the silo to increase and relative humidity inside the silo causes the grain water content to increase by reaching the humidity balance of the grain again which is hygroscopic. Increased grain water content accelerates the respiration activity of the grain. If there is no intervention from outside, this situation continues cyclically at an extent which can be dangerous for the storage. Besides; the condensation of the increased relative humidity of the storage on cold surfaces in droplets causes the formation of a quite appropriate environment for microorganism activities and especially for transformation of the mould spores to the vegetative form and for meeting the water need of the pests.
  • the temperature and humidity values of air to be used for aspiration should be lower than the in-silo temperature and humidity values. For this reason, aspiration is based on atmospheric conditions and aspiration may not be used effectively even when there is a need for intervention of the products under risk.
  • silos are not effective and advantageous as they cannot control the in-silo humidity efficiently which is the main promotor for spoilage and as they cannot maintain the carbon dioxide which prevent spoilage by being formed naturally as a result of respiration inside the silo.
  • the present invention relates to providing a mechanism inside or outside the silo which meets the above mentioned requirements for silos, which eliminates the disadvantages and which provides additional advantages.
  • the main object of the invention is to maintain granular products such as grains, legume and oily seeds without any losses in the amount and quality thereof.
  • the invention achieves this aim by discharging the high humidity (relative humidity) formed by grain respiration in silo atmosphere via condensing it inside a cold centre (or at a cold centre which can be formed outside the silo) which can be placed into a lattice, the pore diameter of which is lower than the grains.
  • air with low humidity drawn from the lower zone of the cold centre is dispensed by being fed from the silo wall back to the centre via pipes along the silo height; and it will be achieved that high humidity is reduced in cold centre by accelerating the air with high humidity between the grains to cold centre and that the air with low humidity dominates the silo atmosphere in a shorter time.
  • the atmosphere inside the silo will be poor in terms of oxygen which continuously promotes respiration and oxidation while it will be enriched in carbon dioxide which supresses respiration and oxidation. Therefore, the silo atmosphere enriched in carbon dioxide will contribute to protection of the product inside the silo by limiting the grain, mould and pest activities.
  • a cold centre inside or outside a silo for fulfilling the above mentioned objects characterized in comprising at least one cold centre formed in order to maintain the grain water content and in-silo humidity of the stored products inside said silo at desired levels and at least one porous air dispenser pipe system which is connected to said cold centre and which conveys the air therefrom to each zone inside the silo.
  • Figure - 1 is the demounted view of the silo of the present invention.
  • FIG - 2 shows the porous air dispenser pipe system which feeds the air with low oxygen and humidity content and with high carbon dioxide content back into the silo and cold centre of the silo of the present invention.
  • Figure - 3 is the perspective view of the silo of the present invention
  • Figure - 4 is the general mounted view of the silo of the present invention.
  • silo (A) which can control the humidity content of the atmosphere of the silo of the present invention via a cold centre and can feed the silo atmosphere with low humidity content back and should not be considered as limiting the invention.
  • the present invention consists of a main body (1 ) which accommodates all of the elements of the system thereon and which comprises the grain to be stored therein; a lid (2) which avoids contact with the external environment by covering the system; a cold centre (3) which is formed by being connected to a standard cooling cycle in order to condense the humidity inside silo (A) atmosphere or by adding cold substance (liquid nitrogen or dry ice); a lattice structure (4) providing a sap between said cold centre (3) and the stored product; a porous air dispenser pipe system (5) which feeds the air with low humidity and oxygen content but with high carbon dioxide content from said cold centre (3) back to the cold centre (3) through the silo wall (12) along the height of the silo (A); a water collection container (1 1 ) and water discharge pipe (6) which collect and discharge the water formed inside the system; an atmospheric valve (7); measurement systems (8) for measuring humidity and temperature inside the silo (A); an electrical fan (9) which enables the air circulation to be performed as a closed circuit inside the system; and a
  • the water vapour formed inside the silo (A) is transferred towards the cold centre (3) having low temperatures inside the silo (A) due to its chemical potential and after collected into the water collection container (1 1 ) by condensing on the cold centre (3) it is discharged out through the water discharge pipe (6) and provides an atmosphere with low humidity inside the silo (A).
  • the air drawn from the cold centre (3) comprising low humid air via a fan (9) operating as a closed circuit is fed back into the silo (A) by the porous air dispenser pipe system (5) through the silo wall (12) along the silo (A).
  • a protection with carbon dioxide maintenance and with low humid can be provided via a closed circuit air stream by forming the cold centre (3) outside the silo (A).
  • the humidity of the silo (A) atmosphere drawn over the silo (A) by a fan (9) as a closed circuit is reduced by being passed through the cold centre (3) outside the silo (A) and the air with low humid is fed back into the silo (A) by being dispensed through the silo (A) bottom or silo side walls (12). Therefore, the composition with low oxygen and high carbon dioxide of the silo (A) atmosphere is maintained, the humidity of which is reduced.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un silo (A) dans lequel les produits sont conservés de manière à préserver les propriétés physiques, chimiques, biologiques et technologiques des produits tels que des céréales et des graines de légumineuses et d'oléagineux ; il est constitué d'au moins un centre froid (3) formé afin de réguler la teneur en humidité à l'intérieur dudit silo (A) et formé afin de conserver le dioxyde de carbone généré par la respiration à l'intérieur du silo (A) ; et d'au moins un système de tuyau (5) poreux distributeur d'air qui est relié audit centre froid (3) et qui fournit l'air à partir de celui-ci avec une haute teneur en dioxyde de carbone mais une faible teneur en humidité et en oxygène de nouveau dans le silo (A) en le distribuant depuis la paroi (12) ou le fond du silo à travers le silo (A).
PCT/TR2016/050107 2015-04-20 2016-04-11 Système de stockage pour céréales et autres produits granulaires maintenant le taux de dioxyde de carbone et de faibles taux d'humidité dans un silo WO2016171637A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR2015/04795A TR201504795A2 (tr) 2015-04-20 2015-04-20 Silo İçerisinde Karbondioksit ve Düşük Rutubet Koruması Sağlayan Tahıl ve Diğer Tane Ürünler Depolama Sistemi
TR2015/04795 2015-04-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016171637A1 true WO2016171637A1 (fr) 2016-10-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/TR2016/050107 WO2016171637A1 (fr) 2015-04-20 2016-04-11 Système de stockage pour céréales et autres produits granulaires maintenant le taux de dioxyde de carbone et de faibles taux d'humidité dans un silo

Country Status (2)

Country Link
TR (1) TR201504795A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016171637A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108811791A (zh) * 2018-05-17 2018-11-16 邓奇 一种农业用粮食储备装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB801585A (en) * 1953-12-24 1958-09-17 Centre Nat Rech Scient Improvements in or relating to the storage of grain or other perishable substances
US4043051A (en) * 1975-02-24 1977-08-23 Delbert Lussenden Method and apparatus for drying grain
CN102334544B (zh) * 2011-08-19 2013-05-01 姜少华 低温粮食干燥机

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB801585A (en) * 1953-12-24 1958-09-17 Centre Nat Rech Scient Improvements in or relating to the storage of grain or other perishable substances
US4043051A (en) * 1975-02-24 1977-08-23 Delbert Lussenden Method and apparatus for drying grain
CN102334544B (zh) * 2011-08-19 2013-05-01 姜少华 低温粮食干燥机

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108811791A (zh) * 2018-05-17 2018-11-16 邓奇 一种农业用粮食储备装置

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TR201504795A2 (tr) 2016-11-21

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