WO2016166135A1 - Procédé permettant de détecter la présence d'hydrocarbures obtenus à partir du méthane dans un mélange - Google Patents

Procédé permettant de détecter la présence d'hydrocarbures obtenus à partir du méthane dans un mélange Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016166135A1
WO2016166135A1 PCT/EP2016/058077 EP2016058077W WO2016166135A1 WO 2016166135 A1 WO2016166135 A1 WO 2016166135A1 EP 2016058077 W EP2016058077 W EP 2016058077W WO 2016166135 A1 WO2016166135 A1 WO 2016166135A1
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Prior art keywords
gaseous
liquid
fischer
derived
hydrocarbon mixture
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PCT/EP2016/058077
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English (en)
Inventor
Adam David MAYERNICK
Richard Thomas DIXON
Wei Song
Amy Elizabeth KELLY
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
Shell Oil Company
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Publication of WO2016166135A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016166135A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; viscous liquids; paints; inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2888—Lubricating oil characteristics, e.g. deterioration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for detecting the presence of any hydrocarbon derived from naturally occurring methane in a gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for detecting the presence of Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbons in a gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon components are well known for use in various products, including, but not limited to, lubricating oil compositions and liquid fuel compositions.
  • lubricating oil compositions and liquid fuel compositions.
  • D.J. Wedlock et al . "Gas-to-Liquids Base Oils to assist in meeting OEM requirements 2010 and beyond", presented at the 2nd Asia- Pacific base oil Conference, Beijing, China, 23-25 October 2007, the use of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils in lubricating compositions such as engine oils, transmission fluids, and industrial lubricants can result in various performance benefits.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils examples include: improved oxidation stability properties, improved engine cleanliness, improved wear protection, improved emissions and improved after-treatment device compatibility. Also the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils allow for the formulation of low-viscosity energy conserving
  • compositions provide highly desirable characteristics it would be useful to be able to quickly differentiate between a product which contains Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon components and a product which does not contain Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon components. Quick differentiation between the compositions of different products is useful, for example, in the detection of counterfeit lubricating oil compositions and other products.
  • a method for detecting the presence of hydrocarbons derived from naturally occurring methane, in a gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture comprising a step of applying a spectroscopic method selected from isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) to the gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture and wherein the presence of hydrocarbons derived from naturally occurring methane is confirmed by a 5 13 C (difference in carbon-13 isotope content) value for the gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture as determined by IRMS or TDLAS of -33 parts per thousand or less relative to the carbon-13 content of Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) .
  • IRMS isotope ratio mass spectrometry
  • TDLAS tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
  • the hydrocarbon derived from naturally occurring methane is a Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon.
  • the method of the present invention offers the ability to detect the presence of hydrocarbon ( s ) derived from methane such as Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon components in unknown mixtures using a single test method, in a quick and easy manner, requiring minimal interpretation.
  • gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture means a gaseous, liquid or solid hydrocarbon mixture that is produced via refining of a feedstock derived from a commercially viable crude oil or natural gas reservoir.
  • naturally occurring methane refers to methane obtained from a commercially viable petroleum or natural gas reservoir.
  • the method of the present invention can be used for detecting the presence of hydrocarbons derived from naturally occurring methane, such as Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon components, in a gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture.
  • the method of the present invention is suitable for use with any gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture which contains at least one hydrocarbon derived from naturally occurring methane, such as a Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon component.
  • hydrocarbon mixture is a lubricating oil composition.
  • gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture is a liquid fuel composition.
  • present invention is also suitable for other types of mixtures which contain a hydrocarbon derived from naturally occurring methane such as a Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon component.
  • the method of the present invention can be used for detecting any hydrocarbon derived from naturally occurring methane, not just hydrocarbons which are derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process.
  • any hydrocarbon derived from naturally occurring methane not just hydrocarbons which are derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process.
  • there are alternative techniques for making heavier hydrocarbons from methane such as methane oxidative coupling, the products of which will likely have similarly unique isotope composition to the Fischer- Tropsch derived products.
  • the hydrocarbon derived from naturally occurring methane is a Fischer- Tropsch hydrocarbon component.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived components are known in the prior art.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived components are known in the prior art.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived components are known in the prior art.
  • hydrocarbons that are, or are derived from, a synthesis product of a Fischer-Tropsch process.
  • hydrocarbons produced via the Fischer-Tropsch process include n- paraffins, isoparaffins, kerosene, naphtha, gas oil, distillates, waxes, base oils, solvents, drilling fluids, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived components herein include Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils and Fischer- Tropsch derived fuel components such as kerosene, naphtha and gas oil.
  • Typical hydrocarbons produced via the Fischer- Tropsch process comprise from 2 to 300 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 200 carbon atoms. Further,
  • hydrocarbons produced via the Fischer-Tropsch process typically have a kinematic viscosity at 40°C in the range of from 0.1 to 400 mm 2 /s, preferably in the range of from 0.1 to 200 mm 2 /s.
  • the gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture is a lubricating oil composition comprising a Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil.
  • a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil may also be referred to as a GTL (Gas-To-Liquids ) base oil.
  • Suitable Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils for use as a base oil in a lubricating composition include those, for example, disclosed in EP0776959, EP0668342, WO1997021788, WO2000015736, WO2000014188, WO2000014187, WO2000014183, WO2000014179, WO2000008115, WO1999041332, EP1029029, WO2001018156 and WO2001057166.
  • An essential feature of the method of the present invention is a step of applying a spectroscopic method selected from isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) to the gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture in question.
  • IRMS isotope ratio mass spectrometry
  • TDLAS tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
  • the spectroscopic method is selected from IRMS.
  • IRMS is a more established technique than TDLAS and has high degree of accuracy.
  • TDLAS may be able to achieve a comparable level of accuracy and is therefore mentioned herein as a possible spectroscopic method for use in the present invention, particularly if a hand-held and/or mobile application is required.
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometry is a well known analytical technique which is a specific type of mass spectrometry.
  • mass spectrometric methods are used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample. It has been applied most commonly in chemistry, earth sciences and environmental sciences. In these fields it is used for the analysis of stable isotopes which is normally concerned with measuring isotopic variations arising from mass-dependent isotopic fractionation in natural systems.
  • Spectometry encompasses both GC-IRMS (Gas).
  • the IRMS technique allows the precise measurement of mixtures of naturally occurring isotopes.
  • the IRMS technique and spectrometers for use therein have been described in, for example, US4866270, US5012052,
  • the chosen spectroscopic method such as isotope ratio mass
  • IRMS spectrometry
  • the presence of hydrocarbons derived from naturally occurring methane such as Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon components is confirmed by a 5 13 C value for the gaseous, liquid or solid mixture as determined by a spectroscopic method selected from IRMS and TDLAS of -33 parts per thousand or less relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) .
  • the 13 C content measured by IRMS or TDLAS for Fischer-Tropsch derived components is lower than for any material derived from crude oil, natural gas liquids, plants, or in general naturally occurring hydrocarbon compounds with 2 or more carbons per molecule.
  • the presence of hydrocarbons derived from naturally occurring methane, such as Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon components, is confirmed via a 5 13 C value for the gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture as determined by IRMS or TDLAS of -35 parts per thousand or less relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) .
  • VPDB Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite
  • hydrocarbons derived from naturally occurring methane such as Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon components is confirmed via a 5 13 C value for the gaseous, liquid or solid refined
  • hydrocarbon mixture as determined by IRMS or TDLAS of -40 parts per thousand or less relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) .
  • VPDB Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite
  • hydrocarbon mixture as determined by IRMS or TDLAS of -44 parts per thousand or less relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) .
  • the method comprises the step of applying a spectroscopic method selected from isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) or TDLAS to the gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture in order to determine its 5 13 C value and comparing the 5 13 C value of the gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture to the known 5 13 C values of non-methane derived components in the gaseous, liquid or solid refined hydrocarbon mixture.
  • IRMS isotope ratio mass spectrometry
  • This quantitative determination may be conducted by estimating the minimum and maximum possible amounts of methane-derived components in an unknown mixture from the 95% confidence limits of the carbon-13 isotope content of pure non methane-derived materials and pure methane-derived components using the following two equations: estimated max % methane— derived components
  • the method of the present invention can be used for detecting the presence of Fischer-Tropsch derived components in lubricating compositions.
  • the type of lubricating oil compositions which can be used in the present invention comprises at least one Fischer-Tropsch derived component, such as a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil .
  • a lubricating oil composition typically comprises a base oil and one or more performance additives.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils are known in the art.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived in relation to base oils is meant that a base oil is, or is derived from, a synthesis product of a Fischer-Tropsch process.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil may also be referred to as a GTL (Gas-To-Liquids ) base oil.
  • GTL Gas-To-Liquids
  • Suitable Fischer- Tropsch derived base oils that may be conveniently used as the base oil in the lubricating composition of the present invention include those, for example, disclosed in EP0776959, EP0668342, WO1997021788, WO2000015736, WO2000014188, WO2000014187, WO2000014183, WO2000014179, WO2000008115, WO1999041332, EP1029029, WO2001018156 and WO2001057166.
  • Tropsch derived base oil (as measured by IP-368, ASTM D2007, ASTM D7419) , will be less than about 1 wt.%, alternatively less than about 0.5 wt.% or in alternate embodiments, less than about 0.1 wt.%.
  • the base oil can have a total paraffin content of at least about 80 wt.%, alternatively at least about 85 wt.%, alternatively at least about 90 wt.%, alternatively at least about 95 wt.%, or, in certain embodiments, at least about 99 wt.%.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil can have a saturates content (as measured by IP-368, ASTM D2007, ASTM D7419, or any other chromatographic method that will yield similar results) of greater than about 98 wt.%,
  • the Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil can further include a maximum n- paraffin content of about 0.5 wt.% and naphthenic compound content of from 0 to less than 20 wt.%,
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil or base oil blend has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (as measured by ASTM D 7042) in the range of from 1 to 35 mm 2 /s (cSt), alternatively from 1 to 25 mm 2 /s (cSt), alternatively from 2 to 20 mm 2 /s (cSt), or duley from 2 mm 2 /s to 12 mm 2 /s.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil can have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (as measured by ASTM D 7042) of at least 2.5 mm 2 /s,
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil can have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of not greater than 5.0 mm 2 /s, alternatively not greater than 4.5 mm 2 /s, alternatively not greater than 4.2 mm 2 /s (e.g., "GTL 4") .
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of not greater than 8.5 mm 2 /s, alternatively not greater than 8 mm 2 /s (e.g., "GTL 8") .
  • Other grades of GTL products would also be possible, based upon the specific manufacturing process utilized to produce the GTL product.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil can have a kinematic viscosity at 40°C (as measured by ASTM D445) of from 10 to 100 mm 2 /s (cSt), alternatively from
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil can have a pour point (as measured according to ASTM D 5950) of less than about -10°C, alternatively less than about -20°C, alternatively less than about -30°C, alternatively less than about -40°C, and alternatively less than about -45°C.
  • the flash point (as measured by ASTM D92) of the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil can be greater than
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil can have a viscosity index (according to ASTM D 2270) in the range of from about 100 to 200.
  • a viscosity index according to ASTM D 2270
  • ASTM D 2270 a viscosity index
  • Tropsch derived base oil can have a viscosity index of at least 125, alternatively at least 130. In certain embodiments, the viscosity index is less than 180, alternatively less than 160, alternatively less than 150. In certain embodiments, the viscosity index can be between 125 and 180, alternatively between 130 and 160.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil contains a blend of two or more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils
  • the above values apply to the blend of the two or more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils.
  • base oil may refer to a mixture containing more than one base oil.
  • Suitable base oils for use in a lubricating oil composition in addition to the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil described above include one or more of the mineral derived or synthetic base oils selected from Group I, II, III or V base oils or Group IV poly-alpha olefins (PAOs), and mixtures thereof.
  • API base oils as used herein are meant lubricating oil base oils according to the definitions of American Petroleum Institute (API) for category I, II, III, IV and V. These API categories are defined in API Publication 1509, 15th Edition, Appendix E, July 2009.
  • the base oil contains more than 50 wt.%, preferably more than 60 wt.%, more
  • a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil preferably more than 70 wt.%, even more preferably more than 80 wt.%, and most preferably more than 90 wt.% of a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
  • not more than 5 wt.%, alternatively not more than 2 wt.%, of the base oil is not a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
  • 100 wt% of the base oil is based on one or more Fischer- Tropsch derived base oils.
  • the base oil or base oil blend that includes the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of between 2 and 35 cSt, alternatively between 2 and 10.5 cSt (according to ASTM D 445) .
  • the total amount of base oil that is incorporated in the lubricating composition herein is preferably an amount in the range of from 60 to 99 wt.%, alternatively an amount in the range of from 65 to 90 wt.%, and in certain preferred embodiments, in an amount in the range of from 70 to 85 wt.%, with respect to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition herein preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 40°C in the range of from 2 mm 2 /s to 1000 mm 2 /s, preferably in the range of from 32 mm 2 /s to 220 mm 2 /s.
  • the lubricating oil compositions herein can also include various other optional components such as solvency boosters, detergents, anti-oxidants, viscosity modifiers, anti-wear additives, such as dispersants, extreme-pressure additives, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, metal
  • passivators corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers , anti- corrosion agents, seal compatibility agents and additive diluent base oils, etc.
  • the above-mentioned additives are typically present in an amount in the range of from 0.01 to 35.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, preferably in an amount in the range of from 0.05 to 25.0 wt.%, more preferably from 0.1 to 20.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition.
  • the lubricating compositions herein may be any suitable lubricating compositions herein.
  • the lubricant composition described herein can find a variety of uses as a lubricant, including but not limited to, passenger car engine oils, heavy duty diesel engine oils, transmission lubricants, turbine oils, air compressor lubricants, hydraulic fluids, gear oils, greases, transformer oils, marine lubricants, and the like .
  • Elemental Analyzer was interfaced to a Thermo ConFlo IV coupled to a Thermo Delta V Plus IRMS. Samples were combusted in a combustion column held at 1050°C. Excess oxygen from combustion was reduced using copper placed inside a column held at 650°C. Analyte C0 2 was separated from N 2 using a 3 meter GC column maintained at a constant 30°C. The helium carrier gas flow rate was 100 ml/min. Internal standards were used for data
  • PAO base Durasyn 166
  • PAO 4 -29.6 oil Synfluid mPAO 40 cSt 5 -34.0
  • GTL 3 was a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approximately 3 cSt (mm 2 s _1 ) .
  • GTL 3 may be conveniently manufactured by the process described in e.g. WO-A-02/070631, the teaching of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • GTL 4" was a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approximately 4 cSt (mm 2 s _1 ) .
  • GTL 4 may be conveniently manufactured by the process described in e.g. WO-A-02/070631, the teaching of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • GTL 8 was a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approximately 8 cSt (mm 2 s _1 ) .
  • GTL 8 may be conveniently manufactured by the process described in e.g. WO-A-02/070631, the teaching of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the 5 13 C data in Table 3 covers a series of GTL 3, GTL 4, and GTL 8 samples from separate batches produced from 2012 to 2014.
  • PAO base oil 6 -31.1 -32.1 -30.1

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de détecter la présence d'hydrocarbures obtenu à partir du méthane existant à l'état naturel, en particulier de composants hydrocarbonés dérivés du procédé Fischer-Tropsch, dans un mélange d'hydrocarbures raffinés gazeux, liquide ou solide, le procédé comprenant une étape consistant à appliquer un procédé spectroscopique sélectionné parmi la spectrométrie de masse de rapport isotopique (IRMS pour Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry) et la spectroscopie d'absorption par laser à diode accordable (TDLAS pour Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy) au mélange d'hydrocarbures raffinés gazeux, liquide ou solide et la présence d'hydrocarbures dérivés du méthane existant à l'état naturel étant confirmée par une valeur δ13C pour le mélange d'hydrocarbures raffinés gazeux, liquide ou solide, comme déterminé par la spectrométrie IRMS ou la spectroscopie TDLAS de -33 parties par mille ou moins par rapport à la norme Vienne Belemnite Pee Dé (VPDB). De préférence, le procédé de la présente invention est utilisé pour détecter la présence de composants hydrocarbonés dérivés du procédé Fischer-Tropsch dans une composition de lubrification.
PCT/EP2016/058077 2015-04-15 2016-04-13 Procédé permettant de détecter la présence d'hydrocarbures obtenus à partir du méthane dans un mélange WO2016166135A1 (fr)

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