WO2016164851A1 - Charge sans fil ayant de multiples moyens de réception d'énergie sur un dispositif sans fil - Google Patents

Charge sans fil ayant de multiples moyens de réception d'énergie sur un dispositif sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016164851A1
WO2016164851A1 PCT/US2016/026824 US2016026824W WO2016164851A1 WO 2016164851 A1 WO2016164851 A1 WO 2016164851A1 US 2016026824 W US2016026824 W US 2016026824W WO 2016164851 A1 WO2016164851 A1 WO 2016164851A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
wireless power
wireless
antennas
transmitter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2016/026824
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hatem Zeine
Anas ALFARRA
Dale MAYES
Fady EL-RUKBY
Samy MAHMOUD
John B. SPRINGER
Benjamin Todd RENNEBERG
Prithvi SHYLENDRA
Anthony L. JOHNSON
Douglas Wayne WILLIAMS
Original Assignee
Ossia Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ossia Inc. filed Critical Ossia Inc.
Publication of WO2016164851A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016164851A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/50—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/20—The network being internal to a load
    • H02J2310/22—The load being a portable electronic device

Definitions

  • the technology described herein relates generally to the field of wireless communication and power transmission. More specifically, the technology relates to wireless power transfer to a device with multiple wireless power receivers.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example wireless power delivery environment depicting wireless power delivery from one or more wireless transmitters to various wireless devices within the wireless power delivery environment.
  • Figure 2 is a sequence diagram illustrating example operations between a wireless transmitter and a power receiver client for commencing wireless power delivery.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example wireless power receiver (client) in accordance with an embodiment.
  • Figure 4 is a system overview diagram illustrating various components of the various embodiments described herein.
  • Figures 5A-C are diagrams illustrating various examples of a wireless power system delivering power to a wireless device or devices having various numbers of receivers.
  • Figure 6 is an example diagram of a mobile electronic device with multiple wireless receivers.
  • Figures 7A-C together are an example schematic diagram of a circuit for a receiver.
  • Figure 8 is an example integrated circuit block diagram with multiple antennas for receiving power.
  • Figure 9 is another example of an integrated circuit block diagram with multiple antennas for receiving wireless power.
  • Figure 10 is an another example of an integrated circuit block diagram connected to central processing unit for data communication.
  • Figure 1 1 is an additional example of an integrated circuit block diagram illustrating multiple antennas for receiving power and communicating data.
  • Figure 12 is a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the example form of a computer system within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed.
  • Figure 13 is a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the example form of a computer system within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed.
  • references in this specification to "one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • various features are described which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others.
  • various requirements are described which may be requirements for some embodiments but no other embodiments.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure describe various techniques for wirelessly charging and/or wireless power delivery from one or more chargers to one or more wireless devices (also referred to herein as “devices” or “target devices”) having embedded, attached, and/or integrated power receiver clients (also referred to herein as “wireless power receivers” or “clients”).
  • wireless devices also referred to herein as “devices” or “target devices”
  • embedded, attached, and/or integrated power receiver clients also referred to herein as “wireless power receivers” or “clients”
  • power, data, or both may be delivered simultaneously as a continuous complex waveform, as a pulsed waveform, as multiple overlapping waveforms, or combinations or variations thereof.
  • the power and data may be delivered using the same or different wireless technologies.
  • the wireless technologies described herein may apply to not only electromagnetic (EM) waves, but also to sound waves, and/or other forms of periodic excitations (e.g., phonons).
  • EM waves may include radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and/or gamma rays.
  • Sound waves may include infrasound waves, acoustic waves, and/or ultrasound waves.
  • the techniques described herein may simultaneously utilize multiple wireless technologies and/or multiple frequency spectrums within a wireless technology to deliver the power, data or both.
  • the wireless technologies may include dedicated hardware components to deliver power and/or data.
  • the dedicated hardware components may be modified based on the wireless technology, or combination of wireless technologies, being utilized. For example, when applied to sound waves, the system employs microphones and speakers rather than antennas.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example wireless communication/power delivery environment 100 depicting wireless power delivery from one or more wireless transmitters 101 to various wireless devices 102 within the wireless communication/power delivery environment. More specifically, Figure 1 illustrates an example wireless power delivery environment 100 in which wireless power and/or data can be delivered to available wireless devices 102.1 -102. n having one or more power receiver clients 103.1 -103. n (also referred to herein as "wireless power receivers" or “wireless power clients”). The wireless power receivers are configured to receive wireless power from one or more wireless transmitters 101 .
  • the wireless devices 102.1 -102. n are mobile phone devices 102.2 and 102.n, respectively, and a wireless game controller 102.1 , although the wireless devices 102.1 -102. n can be any (smart or dumb) wireless device or system that needs power and is capable of receiving wireless power via one or more integrated power receiver clients 103.1 -103. n.
  • Smart devices are electronic devices that can communicate (e.g., using WiFi) and transmit beacon signals.
  • Dumb devices are electronic device are passive devices that may not communication (e.g., no Bluetooth or WiFi capability) and may not transmit a beacon signal.
  • each transmitter 101 (also referred to herein as a “charger”, “array of antennas” or “antenna array system”) can include multiple antennas 104, e.g., an antenna array including hundreds or thousands of spaced-apart antennas, that are each capable of delivering wireless power to wireless devices 102.
  • Each transmitter 101 may also deliver wireless communication signals to wireless devices 102.
  • the wireless power and wireless communication signals may be delivered as a combined power/communication signal. Indeed, while the detailed description provided herein focuses on wirelessly transmitting power, aspects of the invention are equally applicable to wirelessly transmitting data.
  • the antennas are adaptively-phased radio frequency antennas and the transmitter 101 utilizes a novel phase shifting algorithm as described in one or more of U.S. Patent Nos. 8558661 , 8159364, 8410953, 8446248, 8854176, U.S. Patent Application Nos. 14/461 ,332 and 14/815,893.
  • the transmitter 101 is capable of determining the appropriate phases to deliver a coherent power transmission signal to the power receiver clients 103.
  • the array is configured to emit a signal (e.g., continuous wave or pulsed power transmission signal) from multiple antennas at a specific phase relative to each other.
  • the transmitter 101 may include a time delayed retro directive radio frequency (RF) holographic array that delivers wireless RF power that matches the client antenna patterns in three dimensional (3D) space (polarization, shape & power levels of each lobe).
  • RF radio frequency
  • array does not necessarily limit the antenna array to any specific array structure. That is, the antenna array does not need to be structured in a specific "array” form or geometry.
  • array or array system may be used include related and peripheral circuitry for signal generation, reception and transmission, such as radios, digital logic and modems.
  • the wireless devices 102 can include one or more power receiver clients 103 (also known as a "wireless power receiver"). As illustrated in the example of Figure 1 , power delivery antennas 104a and data communication antennas 104b are shown. The power delivery antennas 104a are configured to provide delivery of wireless radio frequency power in the wireless power delivery environment. The data communication antennas are configured to send data communications to, and receive data communications from, the power receiver clients 103.1 -103 and/or the wireless devices 102.1 -102. n. In some embodiments, the data communication antennas can communicate via BluetoothTM, WiFi, ZigBeeTM, or other wireless communication protocols.
  • Each power receiver client 103.1 -103. n includes one or more antennas (not shown) for receiving signals from the transmitters 101 .
  • each transmitter 101.a-101 .n includes an antenna array having one or more antennas and/or sets of antennas capable of emitting continuous wave signals at specific phases relative to each other.
  • each array is capable of determining the appropriate phases for delivering coherent signals to the power receiver clients 102.1 -102. n.
  • coherent signals can be determined by computing the complex conjugate of a received beacon signal at each antenna of the array such that the coherent signal is properly phased for the particular power receiver client that transmitted the beacon signal.
  • the beacon signal which is primarily referred to herein as a continuous waveform, can alternatively or additionally take the form of a modulated signal.
  • each component of the environment can include control and synchronization mechanisms, such as a data communication synchronization module.
  • the transmitters 101.a-101 .n are connected to a power source such as, for example, a power outlet or source connecting the transmitters to a standard or primary alternating current (AC) power supply in a building.
  • a power source such as, for example, a power outlet or source connecting the transmitters to a standard or primary alternating current (AC) power supply in a building.
  • AC alternating current
  • one or more of the transmitters 101 .a-101 .n can be powered by a battery or via other power providing mechanism.
  • the power receiver clients 102.1 -102. n and/or the transmitters 101 .a-101 .n utilize or encounter reflective objects 106 such as, for example, walls or other RF reflective obstructions within range to beacon and deliver and/or receive wireless power and/or data within the wireless power delivery environment.
  • the reflective objects 106 can be utilized for multi-directional signal communication regardless of whether a blocking object is in the line of sight between the transmitter and the power receiver client.
  • each wireless device 102.1 -102. n can be any system and/or device, and/or any combination of devices/systems that can establish a connection with another device, a server and/or other systems within the example environment 100.
  • the wireless devices 102.1 -102. n include displays or other output functionalities to present data to a user and/or input functionalities to receive data from the user.
  • a wireless device 102 can be, but is not limited to, a video game controller, a server desktop, a desktop computer, a computer cluster, a mobile computing device such as a notebook, a laptop computer, a handheld computer, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a battery or component coupled to a battery, a PDA etc.
  • the wireless device 102 can also be any wearable device such as watches, necklaces, rings or even devices embedded on or within the customer.
  • Other examples of a wireless device 102 include, but are not limited to, safety sensors (e.g., fire or carbon monoxide), electric toothbrushes, electronic door locks/handles, electric light switch controllers, electric shavers, etc.
  • the transmitter 101 and the power receiver clients 103.1 -103. n can each include a data communication module for communication via a data channel.
  • the power receiver clients 103.1 -103. n can direct the wireless devices 102.1 -102. n to communicate with the transmitter via existing data communications modules.
  • FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram 200 illustrating example operations between a wireless transmitter 101 and a power receiver client 103 for commencing wireless power delivery, according to an embodiment.
  • communication is established between the transmitter 101 and the power receiver client 103, such as communicate via BluetoothTM, WiFi, ZigBeeTM, or other wireless communication protocols.
  • the transmitter 101 subsequently sends a beaconing schedule to the power receiver client 103 to arrange beacon broadcasting and RF power/data delivery schedules with this and any other power receiver clients.
  • the power receiver client 103 broadcasts the beacon.
  • the transmitter 101 receives the beacon from the power receiver client 103 and detects the phase (or direction) at which the beacon signal was received.
  • the transmitter 101 then delivers wireless power and/or data to the power receiver client 103 based the phase (or direction) of the received beacon. That is, the transmitter 101 determines the complex conjugate of the phase and uses the complex conjugate to deliver power to the power receiver client 103 in the same direction in which the beacon signal was received from the power receiver client 103.
  • the transmitter 101 includes many antennas; one or more of which are used to deliver power to the power receiver client 103.
  • the transmitter 101 can detect phases of the beacon signals that are received at each antenna. The large number of antennas may result in different beacon signals being received at each antenna of the transmitter 101 .
  • the transmitter may then utilize the algorithm or process described in one or more of U.S. Patent Nos.
  • the algorithm or process determines how to emit signals from one or more antennas that takes into account the effects of the large number of antennas in the transmitter 101 .
  • the algorithm determines how to emit signals from one or more antennas in such a way as to create an aggregate signal from the transmitter 101 that approximately recreates the waveform of the beacon, but in the opposite direction.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example receiver 300 in accordance with an embodiment.
  • the receiver 300 includes various components including control logic 310, battery 320, communication block 330 and associated antenna 370, power meter 340, rectifier 350, beacon signal generator 360 and an associated antenna 380, and switch 365 connecting the rectifier 350 or the beacon signal generator 360 to an associated antenna 390.
  • Some or all of the components can be omitted in some embodiments. Additional or fewer components are also possible.
  • the rectifier 350 receives (via one or more client antennas) the power transmission signal from the power transmitter, which is fed through the power meter 340 to the battery 320 for charging.
  • the power meter 340 measures the total received power signal strength and provides the control logic 310 with this measurement.
  • the control logic 310 also may receive the battery power level from the battery 320 itself or receive battery power data from, e.g. an API of an operating system running on the receiver 300.
  • the control logic 310 may also transmit/receive via the communication block 330 a data signal on a data carrier frequency, such as the base signal clock for clock synchronization.
  • the beacon signal generator 360 transmits the beacon signal, or calibration signal, using either the antenna 380 or 390.
  • the receiver may also receive its power directly from the rectifier 350. This may be in addition to the rectifier 350 providing charging current to the battery 320, or in lieu of providing charging. Also, it may be noted that the use of multiple antennas is one example of implementation and the structure may be reduced to one shared antenna, where the receiver multiplexes signal reception/transmission.
  • An optional motion sensor 395 detects motion and signals the control logic 310. For example, when a device is receiving power at high frequencies above 500 MHz, its location may become a hotspot of (incoming) radiation. So when the device is on a person, the level of radiation may exceed a regulation or exceed acceptable radiation levels set by medical/industrial authorities. To avoid any over- radiation issue, the device may integrate motion detection mechanisms such as accelerometers, assisted GPS, or other mechanisms. Once the device detects that it is in motion, the disclosed system assumes that it is being handled by a user, and signals the power transmitting array either to stop transmitting power to it, or to lower the received power to an acceptable fraction of the power. In cases where the device is used in a moving environment like a car, train or plane, the power might only be transmitted intermittently or at a reduced level unless the device is close to losing all available power.
  • motion detection mechanisms such as accelerometers, assisted GPS, or other mechanisms.
  • FIG 4 is a system overview diagram illustrating various embodiments and components possible, though other combinations and variations are possible.
  • the wireless power receiver can be in a form of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip, a mobile phone case, in a display device (e.g. computer monitor or television, which in turn may relay power to a nearby receiver 103), packaged within a standard battery form factor (e.g. AA battery), etc.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • a wireless device typically has a single wireless power receiver with a single antenna for receiving power.
  • An example wireless power receiver is shown in Figure 3.
  • antenna 390 receives wireless power and rectifier 350 rectifies the received RF power to direct current (DC), and then the DC power is integrated into the wireless device battery.
  • a wireless device with a single wireless power receiver and single antenna is limited in receiving power.
  • the current power per receiver for the wireless power system described in Figure 3 is approximately 1 watt RF received at each receiver antenna.
  • the wireless device battery actually receives less than 1 watt of power after conversion from RF to DC.
  • One solution to achieve greater power transfer is to deliver more power to the single receiver. Yet, it can be difficult to deliver high levels of wireless power to charge mobile electronic devices while staying within Federal Communication Commission (FCC) limits for RF signals.
  • FCC Federal Communication Commission
  • the disclosed system facilitates receiving wireless power implementing multiple wireless power receivers.
  • the wireless power receivers can have multiple antennas or a single antenna.
  • the system integrates power received at each antenna into the battery of the wireless device.
  • a control unit e.g., a CPU
  • the system can be configured to power a particular portion of a wireless device with a particular wireless power receiver.
  • the system can have a first wireless power receiver dedicated to powering a processor and a second wireless power receiver dedicated to powering a display.
  • first wireless power receiver dedicated to powering a processor
  • second wireless power receiver dedicated to powering a display.
  • the transmitter can use a few, different techniques.
  • One technique assumes that a single client has multiple antennas and the transmitter receives a beacon signal from a single antenna (or from all of the antennas).
  • the transmitter has one logical or electrical address for each client regardless of the number of wireless power receivers and antennas that the wireless power receiver may have.
  • a transmitter can assume each antenna is an independent client, even if the antenna is on the same wireless power receiver.
  • the client registers with the transmitter multiple times with multiple addresses (e.g., multiple ZigBeeTM addresses). The transmitter can then, e.g. schedule to transmit power to each client address independently for multiple beacon signals in a time division or frequency division manner.
  • the system has wireless power receivers with supplementary functionality.
  • Wireless power receiver antennas can be configured to communicate using a wireless standard (e.g., WiFi, IEEE 802.1 1 , ZigBeeTM, BluetoothTM) and transmit beacon signals.
  • a wireless standard e.g., WiFi, IEEE 802.1 1 , ZigBeeTM, BluetoothTM
  • the system uses wireless power receivers that use an antenna or antennas to communicate via BluetoothTM, WiFi, ZigBeeTM, or other wireless communication protocols.
  • wireless power receivers can send a beacon signal from one or more of the same power receiving antennas.
  • instructions for communicating or transmitting beacon signals can be stored in memory, and these instructions can be executed by the CPU.
  • a wireless device can receive more wireless power from multiple wireless power receivers as compared to one wireless power receiver with a single antenna.
  • a mobile electronic device with multiple receivers and multiple antennas in different locations enables the device to receive electromagnetic (EM) waves with varying properties such as direction, polarity, phase, amplitude, or other properties of EM waves.
  • EM electromagnetic
  • a mobile device laying on a table may have one wireless receiver with antennas positioned to receive wireless power from above the table and another wireless receiver positioned to receiver wireless power from below the table.
  • FIGS 5A-C are diagrams illustrating various examples of a transmitter delivering power to wireless devices having variable numbers of wireless power receivers.
  • a transmitter 101 transmits EM waves to a wireless power receiver 103, which is connected or coupled to a wireless device 102.
  • a wireless device 102 can be a mobile phone, laptop, or other mobile electronic device.
  • a transmitter 101 transmits EM waves to wireless power receiver 103.1 , which is connected or coupled to wireless device 102.1 , and wireless power receiver 103.2, which is connected or coupled to wireless device 102.2.
  • wireless power receivers 103.1 and 103.2 can each have a single antenna for receiving power or have multiple antennas for receiving power.
  • Figure 5B demonstrates that transmitter 101 is configured to transmit wireless power to multiple devices, and these multiple device may be located in different parts of a space (e.g., one in a corner of a kitchen and the other 10 feet away from the corner).
  • transmitter 101 is configured to transmit EM waves to multiple wireless devices, each with multiple wireless power receivers.
  • wireless devices 102.1 and 102.2 have multiple wireless power receivers 103.1 a-1 n and 103.2a-2n, respectively.
  • the wireless power receivers 103.1 a-1 n and 103.2a-2n are coupled or connected to the wireless devices 102.1 and 102.2, respectively.
  • the wireless power receivers are located at different locations on the wireless devices 102.1 and 102.2. Because the wireless receivers are located in different locations, the wireless device can receive EM waves with varying properties.
  • a transmitter can emit EM waves with various properties (e.g., direction, polarity, frequency, strength, phase), and these waves can be reflected or changed during in the transmission path (e.g., reflection from a wall or object).
  • the wireless device has multiple wireless receivers with multiple antennas positioned in different locations it is more likely to receive power than a single wireless receiver with a single antenna.
  • the details of a wireless power receiver 103 are described below in more detail with respect to Figures 7A-C and Figures 8-1 1 .
  • Figure 6 is an example of a mobile device 102 with multiple wireless power receivers 103.1 a-c.
  • the wireless receivers 103.1 a-c are spaced at the far corners of the device for various reasons, such as to enable receiving power if some of the antennas in a receiver are blocked.
  • a device set on its back on a thick table may have no path for RF energy to reach an antenna in the middle-back of the device. At least some antennas should receive power in such a condition.
  • the number of wireless power receivers can increase or decrease to optimize the cost and efficiency of the mobile device, depending upon design constraints.
  • the mobile device can include more or fewer wireless power receivers. More details regarding the internal components of a wireless power receiver are described below. Each of the examples described below can be integrated into a wireless device to increase the number of wireless receivers.
  • FIG. 7A-7C the Figures together shown an example schematic diagram of a circuit for the wireless power receiver.
  • the schematic diagram is spread over Figures 7A, 7B, and 7C as shown with connecting points "A” and “B” in Figure 7A; “A,” “B,” “C,” and “D” in Figure 7B; and “C” and “D” in Figure 7C.
  • the circuit includes elements such as capacitors, op-amps, inductors, lead wires, and grounds. These components can be varied to meet design specifications. For example, some capacitors can have a capacitance of 1 microfarad or 1 picofarad, and inductors can have inductance of 1 millihenry.
  • Voltages in the circuit can be 0 to 5 volts (or more) with a typical 3.3 volts to open a gate to send a beacon signal.
  • Resistors can have 20 to 200 Ohms (or more) resistance ratings. But overall, actual values of components shown in Figures 7A-7C depend upon the implementation details and design constraints.
  • an antenna 705 receives wireless power or data. While one antenna is shown in Figure 7A, several antennas can be included in the circuit, where the antennas would be connected to similar components as the antenna 705. Once the antenna 705 receives power, the wireless power moves to sensing unit 710. Sensing unit 710 senses if an antenna is receiving power.
  • a sensing unit 710 can be a directional coupler or other RF detector (also referred to as a "detection unit").
  • an input unit 725 is connected or coupled to the sensing unit 710.
  • the input unit 725 may be simple logic or circuitry configured to send information regarding the received wireless power to another part of the system such as the CPU.
  • the sensing unit 710 receives a small portion of the wireless power and notifies the wireless device that power has been received.
  • the CPU in the wireless device can use the sensed wireless power information to determine which antennas are receiving power and how much power is received.
  • the CPU can store this data in memory and send it to a transmitter, database, or cloud storage device for further analysis (e.g., to determine which antennas are generally better for receiving power).
  • the transmitter can determine which transmitting antennas are efficiently sending power to which receiving antennas based on sense information, and the transmitter CPU can use this information to optimize the transmission of wireless power.
  • switching unit 715 can switch the antenna from a communication or beacon mode to rectifying mode by applying a voltage to the switching unit 715 ("RF_switch_RECTIFIER," "V2"). As V2 is applied to the switching unit 715, the power is directed towards "J2" where it enters an RF rectifier 720.
  • a switching unit 715 can be referred to as a control unit and it can be implemented in an integrated circuit or on an ASIC.
  • the RF rectifier 720 converts the RF power to DC, and the DC power can directly enter a battery.
  • the circuit can further process the power as described in Figures 8-10 below.
  • the circuit in Figures 7A-C can use antenna 705 to communicate or send the beacon signal.
  • a voltage e.g., V1 by "RF SWITCH COMM”
  • the circuit can communicate using a known signal type (e.g., WiFi, BluetoothTM, ZigBeeTM).
  • a voltage e.g., V3
  • the beacon signal can transmitted from antenna 705 as described in more detail below with respect to Figure 7C.
  • the circuit can send communication from point “A” to point "C". While not shown in Figure 7B, point “C” is connected to an integrated circuit for communication such as communicate via BluetoothTM, WiFi, ZigBeeTM, or other wireless communication protocols. Before the signal is sent to the respective communication chip, a filter can remove the data from the wireless power signal. More details regarding the filter and circuit as described in Figure 10 below.
  • a central control unit e.g., a processor
  • PA_Enable pulse and amplitude enabling signal
  • another switch 735 can active the beacon signaling path shown in Figure 7C.
  • a CPU can send a "RF Switch Beacon” signal into switch 735, and switch 735 can flip and cause "RF_P” to enter the circuit.
  • "RF_P” can be a pulse with a beacon signal.
  • Figures 7A-7C describe a general integrated circuit schematic for using an antenna to receive power, communicate information, and transmit a beacon signal.
  • Figures 8, 9, and 10 describe specific implementations of the integrated circuit described in Figures 7A-7C with various embodiments.
  • Figures 8 and 9 are block diagrams of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for receiving wireless power.
  • Figures 10 and 1 1 disclose an ASIC chip that is connected or coupled to a CPU in a wireless device.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FIG 8 is an example of a block diagram illustrating a wireless power receiver (also known as a "client chip” or “receiver chip”).
  • the client chip can include: “N” RF detectors (where “N” is a natural number), “N” RF rectifiers, an MPP (maximum power point tracking "MPPT", also referred to as the "MPP") for each "N” RF rectifier, an N-channel analog multiplexer (MUX), a buck- boost converter, an analog to digital converter (ADC), antenna 804 for sending beacon signals, "N" antenna inputs 806 for receiving wireless power, frequency comparer 808, a register bank, ground connections, and input/output connections.
  • MPP maximum power point tracking
  • ADC analog to digital converter
  • an RF rectifier can be coupled to an MPP loop to optimize power delivery.
  • the MPPT loop can communicate with a buck-boost converter to provide the client with constant voltage/current in an efficient manner.
  • one antenna can be transmitting a beacon signal as another antenna concurrently receives RF power.
  • a device can receive a sensed RF value from an RF detector and based on the received RF power being low (e.g., less than .02 watts), the device (e.g., using a CPU) can switch the antenna off (e.g., with a switch connected to the antenna).
  • the client chip receives a strength signal indicator (RSSI, or other similar signal) via the received signal and ADC.
  • RSSI can serve multiple purposes such as identifying clients that are not receiving enough power to rectify a significant amount of DC, or identifying clients who are receiving a very high power and should probably have their duty cycle reduced.
  • the RF detector, MPP, N-MUX, ADC, and RSSI components communicate with the CPU (not shown) to determine how to optimize power received by the client chip.
  • buck-boost converter is shown in Figure 8
  • other converters such as a flyback converter can be used to optimize the power delivery.
  • client chip shows "N" number of antennas, and more antennas generally means the chip can receive more power, the number of antennas may be reduced to lower cost of chip design.
  • short traces can be used and the number of resistors can be limited to lower the loss of power (i.e., improve efficiency).
  • antennas should be placed close to RF rectifiers to reduce impedance.
  • spacing can vary between antennas because the transmitter can detect the beacon signal from all antennas and send power back to all antennas.
  • the other antennas should be within 1 ⁇ 4 wave length ( ⁇ 3 cm) of the beacon emitting signal.
  • Figure 8 includes a register bank.
  • the register bank can store values such as a received RSSI value, MPP value, RSSI chancel select, PA gain control, PA source select, and prescaler divider control. These values can be saved in the register can used by a processor. Additionally, a processor can access the register bank and send the stored values to another device or network.
  • Figure 9 is another example block diagram illustrating a schematic of a similar client chip.
  • the client chip receives, rectifies, and converts RF power into DC voltage/current.
  • a client chip can use the DC voltage/current received from a client chip to power the client, or it can use the DC voltage/current to store power in a battery.
  • a client chip can couple to a single antenna 905 (e.g. to transmit the beacon signal), and couple to multiple antennas 910a-n (e.g., four antennas to receive power).
  • the client chip includes an RF rectifier 930a-n for each antenna, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT, or also referred to as the "MPP") 935a-n loop, a buck-boost converter 940, a transceiver switch 960, an RF detector 925, a PLL 945, and a memory 950.
  • MPPT maximum power point tracking
  • the client chip transmits a beacon signal, and the beacon signal includes information used to compute the location of the client, as described above in Figure 1 .
  • the client chip can transmit beacon signaling to the wireless charger (e.g., in wireless charger 101 in Figure 1 ) using an RF signal input, PLL 945, power amplifier 920, transceiver switch 960, and antenna 905.
  • the beacon signal encoding process and algorithm may be that described in the applicant's U.S. Application No. 14/956,673, filed December 2, 2015, titled TECHNIQUES FOR ENCODING BEACON SIGNALS IN WIRELESS POWER DELIVERY ENVIRONMENTS, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the memory 950 on the client chip stores the power management policy for the client device (e.g., the power management integrated circuit (PMIC) has been replaced or supplemented with the client chip).
  • the client chip can supply power directly to the client device (e.g., in the battery or into the client's system).
  • a client may have a proprietary PMIC, and the client chip may be coupled to the PMIC.
  • the client chip supplies power according to the specification provided by the manufacturer of the PMIC, and the client's PMIC handles the management of this power (e.g., pins and traces can be used to allow the client chip and PMIC to communicate and transfer power).
  • a client chip can support a wide range of applications with different power requirements starting from several hundred milliwatts (mW) up to several watts of power. Also, the client chip can include an on-chip temperature sensor to protect the chip from overheating or damage.
  • mW milliwatts
  • the client chip can include an on-chip temperature sensor to protect the chip from overheating or damage.
  • Figure 10 is an example of a power receiving client.
  • RF signals combine right after being received by antennas and then the power is rectified. The efficiency of this alternative can depend on if there is constructive or deconstructive interference when combining RF power after the antennas receive power signals.
  • the receiver can employ one of two ways to achieve parallel combination: either by combining the signals at RF in the front end of the client or by combining the signals at DC after conversion.
  • Figure 10 also includes a data communications unit (bottom left), which can be used to communicate with a network or transmitter over WiFi or BluetoothTM.
  • Figure 1 1 is another, similar example of a power receiving client with other client technology.
  • this client includes a BluetoothTM chip.
  • the client can have antennas that receive power and data (e.g., BluetoothTM data).
  • the power and data signals can be at the same frequency, and the antennas of the client may pick up both a power signal and a data signal.
  • the client can include a filter to separate power from data even if the signal is the same frequency. After the signal is filtered, power can be sent to the RF rectifier and converted to DC power.
  • a client can communicate via BluetoothTM, WiFi, ZigBeeTM, or other wireless communication protocols
  • a data power filter may be used to separate the signals. Methods and systems for separating or filtering these types of signals is described in the applicant's U.S. Application No. 14/926,014, filed October 29, 2015, titled TECHNIQUES FOR FILTERING MULTI-COMPONENT SIGNALS, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Data signals can be sent to the BluetoothTM chip for appropriate transmission. Similar to other examples of chips and clients described above, this client can use one or more channels in parallel to receive RF power and convert it into DC using the MPPT algorithm for optimization. In some implementations, DC power can be used to charge a battery on the client device.
  • This client is also capable of sending a beacon signal at 2.4 GHz because it has a PLL/Frequency Synthesizer and power amplifier integrated into it, which can be used to send a beacon with the client's location to a wireless charger.
  • the frequency of operation is not limited to just the 2.4 GHz but can also operate in other ISM frequency bands or frequency bands outside of ISM.
  • WiFi technology can be used in a similar method described in the example above.
  • a filter can be used on the client chip to separate the data signal from the power signal even if the signals are sent at the same frequency.
  • Figure 12 depicts a block diagram illustrating example components of a representative client (e.g., mobile device, tablet computer, category controller, maintenance controller, etc.) 1200 in the form of a mobile (or smart) phone or tablet computer device.
  • a representative client e.g., mobile device, tablet computer, category controller, maintenance controller, etc.
  • FIG 12 depicts a block diagram illustrating example components of a representative client (e.g., mobile device, tablet computer, category controller, maintenance controller, etc.) 1200 in the form of a mobile (or smart) phone or tablet computer device.
  • Various interfaces and modules are shown with reference to Figure 12, however, the mobile device or tablet computer does not require all of modules or functions for performing the functionality described herein.
  • various components are not included and/or necessary for operation of the category controller.
  • components such as GPS radios, cellular radios, and accelerometers may not be included in the controllers to reduce costs and/or complexity.
  • components such as ZigBeeTM radios and RFID transceivers, along with
  • Figure 13 depicts a diagrammatic representation of a machine, in the example form, of a computer system 1300 within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed.
  • the computer system 1300 can be representative of any computer system, server, etc., described herein.
  • the computer system 1300 includes a processor (CPU), memory, non-volatile memory, and an interface device. Various common components (e.g., cache memory) are omitted for illustrative simplicity.
  • the computer system 1300 is intended to illustrate a hardware device on which any of the components depicted in the example of Figure 1 (and any other components described in this specification) can be implemented.
  • the computer system 1300 can be of any applicable known or convenient type.
  • the components of the computer system 1300 can be coupled together via a bus or through some other known or convenient device.
  • the processor may be, for example, a conventional microprocessor such as an Intel x86-based microprocessor.
  • Intel x86-based microprocessor an Intel x86-based microprocessor.
  • machine-readable (storage) medium or “computer-readable (storage) medium” includes any type of device that is accessible by the processor.
  • the memory is coupled to the processor by, for example, a bus.
  • the memory can include, by way of example but not limitation, random access memory (RAM), such as dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), flash RAM, etc.
  • RAM random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic RAM
  • SRAM static RAM
  • flash RAM etc.
  • the memory can be local, remote, or distributed.
  • the bus also couples the processor to the non-volatile memory and drive unit.
  • the non-volatile memory is often a magnetic floppy or hard disk, a magnetic- optical disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), such as a CD-ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM, a magnetic or optical card, or another form of storage for large amounts of data. Some of this data is often written, by a direct memory access process, into memory during execution of software in the computer 13.
  • the nonvolatile storage can be local, remote, or distributed.
  • the non-volatile memory is optional because systems can be created with all applicable data available in memory.
  • a typical computer system will usually include at least a processor, memory, and a device (e.g., a bus) coupling the memory to the processor.
  • Software is typically stored in the non-volatile memory and/or the drive unit. Indeed, for large programs, it may not even be possible to store the entire program in the memory. Nevertheless, it should be understood that for software to run, if necessary, it is moved to a computer readable location appropriate for processing, and for illustrative purposes, that location is referred to as the memory herein. Even when software is moved to the memory for execution, the processor will typically make use of hardware registers to store values associated with the software, and local cache that, ideally, serves to speed up execution.
  • a software program is assumed to be stored at any known or convenient location (from non-volatile storage to hardware registers) when the software program is referred to as “implemented in a computer-readable medium.”
  • a processor is considered to be “configured to execute a program” when at least one value associated with the program is stored in a register readable by the processor.
  • the bus also couples the processor to the network interface device.
  • the interface can include one or more of a modem or network interface. It will be appreciated that a modem or network interface can be considered to be part of the computer system.
  • the interface can include an analog modem, ISDN modem, cable modem, token ring interface, satellite transmission interface (e.g. "direct PC"), or other interfaces for coupling a computer system to other computer systems.
  • the interface can include one or more input and/or output devices.
  • the I/O devices can include, by way of example but not limitation, a keyboard, a mouse or other pointing device, disk drives, printers, a scanner, and other input and/or output devices, including a display device.
  • the display device can include, by way of example but not limitation, a liquid crystal display (LCD), OLED, or some other applicable known or convenient display device. For simplicity, it is assumed that controllers of any devices not depicted reside in the interface.
  • the computer system 1300 can be controlled by operating system software that includes a file management system, such as a disk operating system.
  • a file management system such as a disk operating system.
  • operating system software with associated file management system software is the family of operating systems known as Windows® from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington, and their associated file management systems.
  • Windows® is the family of operating systems known as Windows® from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington, and their associated file management systems.
  • Windows® from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington
  • Windows® Windows® from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington
  • Linux operating system is the Linux operating system and its associated file management system.
  • the file management system is typically stored in the non-volatile memory and/or drive unit and causes the processor to execute the various acts required by the operating system to input and output data and to store data in the memory, including storing files on the non-volatile memory and/or drive unit.
  • the machine operates as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines.
  • the machine may operate in the capacity of a server or a client machine in a client-server network environment or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment).
  • the machine may be a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a laptop computer, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a smart phone a processor, a telephone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • machine-readable medium or machine-readable storage medium is shown in an exemplary embodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” and “machine-readable storage medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions.
  • the term “machine-readable medium” and “machine-readable storage medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the presently disclosed technique and innovation.
  • machine-readable storage media machine-readable media, or computer-readable (storage) media
  • recordable type media such as volatile and non-volatile memory devices, floppy and other removable disks, hard disk drives, optical disks (e.g., Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD ROMS), Digital Versatile Disks, (DVDs), etc.), among others, and transmission type media such as digital and analog communication links.
  • CD ROMS Compact Disk Read-Only Memory
  • DVDs Digital Versatile Disks
  • transmission type media such as digital and analog communication links.
  • processes or blocks are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform routines having steps, or employ systems having blocks, in a different order, and some processes or blocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and/or modified to provide alternative or subcombinations.
  • Each of these processes or blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways.
  • processes or blocks are, at times, shown as being performed in a series, these processes or blocks may instead be performed in parallel, or may be performed at different times.
  • any specific numbers noted herein are only examples: alternative implementations may employ differing values or ranges.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système qui utilise de multiples récepteurs d'énergie sans fil (antennes et/ou chemins) pour recevoir de l'énergie. Le système de l'invention comprend une puce, telle qu'un circuit intégré à application spécifique (ASIC), pouvant être connectée à de multiples antennes et à des unités pour convertir de la puissance radiofréquence (RF) en puissance en courant continu (CC). Le système de l'invention peut également comprendre des antennes qui sont utilisées pour recevoir de l'énergie, pour communiquer et pour émettre un signal de balise. Le système de l'invention comprend également un dispositif électronique mobile pour recevoir de l'énergie sans fil à l'aide de multiples antennes connectées ou couplées à de multiples récepteurs d'énergie sans fil.
PCT/US2016/026824 2015-04-10 2016-04-08 Charge sans fil ayant de multiples moyens de réception d'énergie sur un dispositif sans fil WO2016164851A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

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US201562146233P 2015-04-10 2015-04-10
US62/146,233 2015-04-10
US201562163964P 2015-05-19 2015-05-19
US62/163,964 2015-05-19
US201562256694P 2015-11-17 2015-11-17
US62/256,694 2015-11-17

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PCT/US2016/026819 WO2016164846A1 (fr) 2015-04-10 2016-04-08 Calcul de consommation d'énergie dans des systèmes de distribution d'énergie sans fil
PCT/US2016/026824 WO2016164851A1 (fr) 2015-04-10 2016-04-08 Charge sans fil ayant de multiples moyens de réception d'énergie sur un dispositif sans fil

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WO2016164846A1 (fr) 2016-10-13
EP3281273A2 (fr) 2018-02-14
CN108141045B (zh) 2019-10-25
CN108141045A (zh) 2018-06-08
WO2016164846A8 (fr) 2018-01-25
KR20180050601A (ko) 2018-05-15
JP2018516041A (ja) 2018-06-14

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