WO2016161693A1 - 转子及具有该转子的电机 - Google Patents

转子及具有该转子的电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016161693A1
WO2016161693A1 PCT/CN2015/079349 CN2015079349W WO2016161693A1 WO 2016161693 A1 WO2016161693 A1 WO 2016161693A1 CN 2015079349 W CN2015079349 W CN 2015079349W WO 2016161693 A1 WO2016161693 A1 WO 2016161693A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
rotor
rotor yoke
rotating shaft
group
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/079349
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈宏坤
张辉明
Original Assignee
深圳市今盛科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市今盛科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市今盛科技有限公司
Priority to EP15888248.0A priority Critical patent/EP3282560A4/en
Priority to JP2018503701A priority patent/JP2018511298A/ja
Priority to US15/565,261 priority patent/US10644577B2/en
Publication of WO2016161693A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016161693A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/06—Magnetic cores, or permanent magnets characterised by their skew
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electromagnetics, and more particularly to a rotor and a motor having the same.
  • the prior art brushless permanent magnet brushless motor generates strong pulsating torque due to electromagnetic factors, influence of cogging, current commutation, electromagnetic reaction, and the like. There is also torque ripple caused by electromagnetic factors.
  • the electromagnetic torque ripple is the torque ripple generated by the interaction between the stator current and the rotor magnetic field. It is directly related to the current waveform, the back electromotive force waveform, and the distribution of the air gap flux density.
  • the stator current is a square wave
  • the back electromotive force waveform is a trapezoidal wave
  • the flat top width is 120° electrical angle
  • the electromagnetic torque is constant.
  • the back electromotive force may be caused due to design and manufacturing reasons.
  • the waveform is not a trapezoidal wave, and the flat top width is not 120° electrical angle, which will cause the motor's torque ripple.
  • the torque ripple caused by the cogging causes the air gap of the permanent magnet and the corresponding stator surface to be uneven due to the existence of the teeth of the stator core.
  • the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit changes in one state, thereby causing Torque ripple.
  • the use of electrical energy for the motor is not efficient.
  • a rotor and a motor having the same are provided for the defect that the electric motor of the prior art is inefficiently used due to torque ripple.
  • the technical means adopted by the present invention is to provide a rotor including a rotating shaft, a rotor yoke, a plurality of first permanent magnet groups, and a plurality of second permanent magnet groups, and the plurality of first permanent magnet groups and The plurality of second permanent magnet groups are alternately spaced at equal intervals along a circumferential direction of the rotor yoke, and the first permanent magnet group and the second permanent magnet group are perpendicular to the rotating shaft
  • the projections on the plane are adjacent and the edges coincide;
  • the rotor yoke includes a first rotor yoke, a second rotor yoke, and a third rotor yoke, which are sequentially sleeved on the rotating shaft, each of the first permanent magnet group and each Second permanent magnet group
  • the first permanent magnet disposed on the first rotor yoke, the second permanent magnet disposed on the second rotor yoke, and a third permanent magnet yoke disposed on the third rotor yoke a third permanent magnet; a magnetic pole of the two adjacent first permanent magnets facing the rotating shaft, and a magnetic pole of the two adjacent second permanent magnets facing the rotating shaft a magnetic pole synonym of the third permanent magnet facing the rotating shaft;
  • the first permanent magnet and the third permanent magnet of the first permanent magnet group are respectively different from the magnetic pole of the second permanent magnet of the first permanent magnet group facing the rotating shaft, and the first permanent magnet and the second permanent a projection of the magnet and the third permanent magnet on the plane are sequentially adjacent;
  • the first permanent magnet and the third permanent magnet of the second permanent magnet group are respectively different from the magnetic pole of the second permanent magnet of the second permanent magnet group facing the rotating shaft, and the first permanent magnet and the second permanent The projection of the magnet and the third permanent magnet on the plane are sequentially adjacent.
  • the projected edges of the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet, and the third permanent magnet of the first permanent magnet group on the plane sequentially coincide with each other.
  • the projected edges of the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet, and the third permanent magnet of the second permanent magnet group on the plane sequentially coincide with each other.
  • a plurality of positions on the first rotor yoke, the second rotor yoke, and the third rotor yoke at the same distance from the rotating shaft are respectively disposed respectively
  • the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet, and the third permanent magnet are fitted with slots, each of the slots extending in a direction parallel to the rotating shaft.
  • the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet, and the third permanent magnet each have a rectangular parallelepiped shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet, and the third permanent magnet each have a cylindrical body having a circular arc shape in cross section, and the first permanent magnet and the first permanent magnet
  • the centers of the cross sections of the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet, and the third permanent magnet are located in the The axis of the shaft.
  • the rotating shaft includes a cylindrical body and a plurality of ribs disposed on the side wall of the body, each of the ribs being in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the body Extending, and the plurality of ribs are evenly distributed along a circumferential direction of the body;
  • the rotor yoke is provided with a cylindrical through hole along a direction of its axial direction, and a corresponding side wall of the through hole is provided with a plurality of card slots, and the main body is inserted in the through hole, A plurality of ribs are respectively embedded in the plurality of card slots.
  • the first rotor yoke, the second rotor yoke, and the third rotor yoke are bonded together by an insulating glue.
  • the present invention also provides a multi-phase motor comprising a chute stator and a rotor according to any of the above, the chute stator comprising a multi-phase excitation coil and a stator core, the stator core being provided with a winding
  • the helical teeth of the multi-phase excitation coil are disposed, and a chute for sandwiching the multi-phase excitation coil is formed between the oblique teeth.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects: the first permanent magnet group and the second permanent magnet group of the invention are arranged in such a way that the first permanent magnet group and the second permanent magnet group have less resistance when entering the electromagnetic field generated by the chute stator;
  • the second permanent magnet of each permanent magnet group is opposite to the first permanent magnet and the third permanent magnet of the group, and the second permanent magnet returns electric energy to the power supply during the rotation;
  • the chute stator cooperates with the stepped rotor
  • the air gap of the stator surface is uniform, the rotor is smoother, the torque is larger, and the pulsating torque can be eliminated, thereby having the beneficial effects of improving the electrical efficiency of the motor and saving energy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded view of a rotor in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of permanent magnets when the side wall surface of the rotor in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is unfolded into a plane;
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the rotor yoke of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of a rotor yoke of a rotor in another embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the chute stator after the A-phase excitation coil is wound in an embodiment
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the unfolded structure of the chute stator around which the A-phase excitation coil is wound in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 1 shows a rotor in a first embodiment of the invention, which is mainly used to cooperate with a chute stator to constitute a motor.
  • the rotor includes a rotating shaft 1, a rotor yoke 2, a plurality of first permanent magnet groups 3, and a plurality of second permanent magnet groups 4.
  • the plurality of first permanent magnet groups 3 and the plurality of second permanent magnet groups 4 are alternately spaced at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the rotor yoke 2, and the first permanent magnet group 3 and the second permanent magnet group 4 are The projections on the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 1 are adjacent and the edges coincide.
  • the rotor yoke 2 is substantially cylindrical and includes a first rotor yoke 21, a second rotor yoke 22, and a third rotor yoke 23 that are sequentially sleeved on the rotating shaft 1.
  • the first rotor yoke 21, the second rotor yoke 22, and the third rotor yoke 23 are bonded together by an insulating paste.
  • the first permanent magnet group 3 and the second permanent magnet group 4 are both stepped.
  • Each of the first permanent magnet group 3 and each of the second permanent magnet groups 4 includes a first permanent magnet a disposed on the first rotor yoke 21 and a second rotor yoke 22
  • the magnetic poles of the first permanent magnet a, the second permanent magnet b, and the third permanent magnet c are all distributed along the radial direction of the rotor yoke 2 and are the same in size and shape.
  • the magnetic poles of the two adjacent first permanent magnets a toward the rotating shaft 1 are different, the magnetic poles of the adjacent two second permanent magnets b facing the rotating shaft 1 are different, and the orientations of the adjacent two third permanent magnets C are toward the rotating shaft 1. Magnetic poles are different names.
  • first permanent magnet a and the third permanent magnet c of the first permanent magnet group 3 are respectively different from the magnetic poles of the second permanent magnet b of the first permanent magnet group 3 facing the rotating shaft 1, the first permanent magnet a
  • the projections of the second permanent magnet b and the third permanent magnet c on the plane are sequentially adjacent;
  • the first permanent magnet a and the third permanent magnet c of the second permanent magnet group 4 and the second permanent magnet group 4 are respectively The magnetic poles of the permanent magnet b facing the rotating shaft 1 are different, and the projections of the first permanent magnet a, the second permanent magnet b, and the third permanent magnet c on the plane are sequentially adjacent.
  • the first permanent magnet a, the second permanent magnet b, and the third permanent magnet c of each permanent magnet group have a rectangular or square cross section along a radial direction perpendicular to the rotor yoke 2.
  • the magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet group 3 or the second permanent magnet group 4 in this embodiment is in the magnetic field generated by the multi-phase excitation coil entering the chute stator, because the chute stator is chute and the first permanent magnet group 3 or the second permanent magnet group 4 is stepped, so that the first permanent magnet a, the second permanent magnet b, and the third permanent magnet c all enter the magnetic field generated by the multi-phase excitation coil at an oblique angle, and the excitation coil can be reduced.
  • the resulting magnetic field is resistant to each permanent magnet group.
  • the chute stator cooperates with the stepped arrangement of the first permanent magnet group 3 and the second permanent magnet group 4, so that the air gap of the stator surface is uniform, the rotor is smoother, the torque is larger, and the pulsating torque can be eliminated, so It has the beneficial effect of improving the electrical efficiency of the motor and saving energy.
  • the middle second permanent magnet b is opposite to the upper first permanent magnet a and the lower third permanent magnet c in the same permanent magnet group, the eddy current loss and heat caused by the motor during operation can be suppressed. It is possible to feed back power to the power supply, which is to save energy.
  • the projections of the first permanent magnet a, the second permanent magnet b and the third permanent magnet c of each first permanent magnet group 3 in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 1 sequentially coincide with each other.
  • This can further increase the magnetic properties of the second permanent magnet b in each of the first permanent magnet groups 3 to increase the rotational torque, so that the use efficiency of electric energy is improved.
  • the projected edges of the first permanent magnet a, the second permanent magnet b, and the third permanent magnet c of the second permanent magnet group 4 on the plane sequentially coincide with each other.
  • This can further increase the rotational torque of the second permanent magnet b in each of the second permanent magnet groups 4 to improve the efficiency of use of electric energy.
  • the size and shape of the first permanent magnet a, the second permanent magnet b, and the third permanent magnet c are the same as the preferred embodiment.
  • first rotor yoke 21, the second rotor yoke 22, and the third rotor yoke 23 are respectively disposed at a distance from the rotating shaft 1 at a distance from the first permanent magnet a and the second permanent
  • the magnet b and the slot d of the third permanent magnet c are fitted, and each slot d extends in a direction parallel to the rotating shaft 1.
  • the first permanent magnet a, the second permanent magnet b, and the third permanent magnet c are each in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped or a square.
  • the slot d also has a rectangular parallelepiped shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the rotating shaft 1 includes a cylindrical body (not shown) and a plurality of ribs disposed on the side wall of the body, each of the ribs extending in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the body, and a plurality of The ribs are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the body.
  • the rotor yoke 2 is provided with a cylindrical through hole 2a along its axial direction.
  • the corresponding side wall of the through hole 2a is provided with a plurality of card slots 2b, and the main body is disposed in the through hole 2a.
  • a plurality of ribs are respectively embedded in the plurality of card slots 2b.
  • the rotation of the rotary shaft 1 with respect to the rotor yoke 2 can be prevented, and the relative positions of the first rotor yoke 21, the second rotor yoke 22, and the third rotor yoke 23 in the circumferential direction are better controlled for ease of mounting.
  • first permanent magnet a, the second permanent magnet b, and the third permanent magnet c may also be cylinders having an arc shape in cross section.
  • the first permanent magnet a, the second permanent magnet b, and the third permanent magnet c are respectively mounted on corresponding plugs In the groove d, the centers of the cross sections of the first permanent magnet a, the second permanent magnet b, and the third permanent magnet c are located on the axis of the rotating shaft 1.
  • the slot d is also arcuate in cross section. The use of permanent magnets of this shape can further improve the electrical efficiency of the motor.
  • the present invention also provides a multi-phase chute motor comprising a chute stator and a rotor in the above embodiment, the chute stator comprising a multi-phase excitation coil and a stator core, the stator core being provided with a plurality of phases for winding A helical groove of the exciting coil forms a chute for sandwiching the multi-phase exciting coil between the helical teeth.
  • a schematic diagram of the winding of the A-phase coil in the multi-phase exciting coil is shown, and the coils of the other phases are wound with a certain number of helical teeth according to a predetermined requirement. Referring to FIG.
  • the central angle Y spanned by one pole of the A-phase excitation coil is substantially perpendicular to the central angle of each of the first permanent magnet a, the second permanent magnet b, and the third permanent magnet c on the rotor.
  • ⁇ is equal. 2 and 6
  • the inclination angle of the chute is the same as the inclination angle of the first permanent magnet group and the second permanent magnet group, and is 17 degrees in this embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种转子及具有该转子的电机，该转子包括转轴（1）、转子导磁轭（2）、多个第一永磁体组（3）以及多个第二永磁体组（4），所述多个第一永磁体组（3）和所述多个第二永磁体组（4）沿着所述转子导磁轭（2）的周向等间距地交替间隔分布，所述第一永磁体组（3）和所述第二永磁体组（4）的在一垂直于所述转轴（1）的平面上的投影相邻且边缘重合。所述转子能够降低电磁因素引起的转矩脉动，增加扭矩对外做功，因此具有提高电机用电效率、节约能源的有益效果。

Description

转子及具有该转子的电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电磁领域，尤其涉及一种转子及具有该转子的电机。
背景技术
现有技术中的无刷式永磁无刷电机由于电磁因素，齿槽的影响，电流换向，电磁反应等会产生较强的脉动转矩。还有电磁因素引起的转矩脉动，电磁转矩脉动是由于定子电流和转子磁场相互作用而产生的转矩脉动，它与电流波形，反电动势波形，气隙磁通密度的分布有直接关系，理想情况下，定子电流为方波，反电动势波形为梯形波，平顶宽度为120°电度角，电磁转矩为恒值，而实际电机中由于设计和制造方面的原因，可能使反电动势波形不是梯形波，平顶宽度不为120°电度角，这样就会造成电机的扭矩脉动。齿槽引起的转矩脉动，由于定子铁心槽齿的存在，使得永磁体与对应的定子表面的气隙导不均匀，当转子旋转时，使得在一个状态内磁路磁阻发生变化，从而引起转矩脉动。使得电机对于电能的使用效率不高。
技术问题
针对现有技术中电机由于转矩脉动造成的电机的电能使用效率不高的缺陷，提供一种转子及具有该转子的电机。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
本发明解决技术问题采用的技术手段是：提供一种转子，包括转轴、转子导磁轭、多个第一永磁体组以及多个第二永磁体组，所述多个第一永磁体组和所述多个第二永磁体组沿着所述转子导磁轭的周向等间距地交替间隔分布，所述第一永磁体组和所述第二永磁体组的在一垂直于所述转轴的平面上的投影相邻且边缘重合；
所述转子导磁轭包括依次套接于所述转轴上的第一转子导磁轭、第二转子导磁轭以及第三转子导磁轭，每一所述第一永磁体组和每一所述第二永磁体组分别 包括一设置于所述第一转子导磁轭上的第一永磁体、一设置于所述第二转子导磁轭上的第二永磁体以及一设置于所述第三转子导磁轭上的第三永磁体；相邻两个所述第一永磁体的朝向所述转轴的磁极异名，相邻两个所述第二永磁体的朝向所述转轴的磁极异名，相邻两个所述第三永磁体的朝向所述转轴的磁极异名；
所述第一永磁体组的第一永磁体和第三永磁体分别与所述第一永磁体组的第二永磁体的朝向所述转轴的磁极异名，该第一永磁体、第二永磁体以及第三永磁体在所述平面上的投影依次相邻；
所述第二永磁体组的第一永磁体和第三永磁体分别与所述第二永磁体组的第二永磁体的朝向所述转轴的磁极异名，该第一永磁体、第二永磁体以及第三永磁体在所述平面上的投影依次相邻。
在本发明提供的转子中，所述第一永磁体组的第一永磁体、第二永磁体以及第三永磁体在所述平面上的投影的边缘依次互相重合。
在本发明提供的转子中，所述第二永磁体组的第一永磁体、第二永磁体以及第三永磁体在所述平面上的投影的边缘依次互相重合。
在本发明提供的转子中，所述第一转子导磁轭、所述第二转子导磁轭以及所述第三转子导磁轭上距离所述转轴距离相同的位置分别设置有多个分别与所述第一永磁体、所述第二永磁体以及所述第三永磁体适配的插槽，每一所述插槽沿着平行于所述转轴的方向延伸。
在本发明提供的转子中，所述第一永磁体、所述第二永磁体以及所述第三永磁体均呈长方体或正方体状。
在本发明提供的转子中，所述第一永磁体、所述第二永磁体以及所述第三永磁体均呈横截面为圆弧状的柱体，所述第一永磁体、所述第二永磁体以及所述第三永磁体分别安装在对应的所述插槽中时，所述第一永磁体、所述第二永磁体以及所述第三永磁体的横截面的圆心位于所述转轴的轴心线上。
在本发明提供的转子中，所述转轴包括呈圆柱状的主体以及设置在所述主体的侧壁上的若干个凸肋，每一所述凸肋沿着平行于所述主体轴向的方向延伸，并且所述若干个凸肋沿着所述主体的周向均匀分布；
所述转子导磁轭沿其轴心线方向设置有圆柱形的通孔，所述通孔对应的侧壁上设置有若干个卡槽，所述主体穿置在所述通孔中，所述若干个凸肋分别嵌置于所述若干个卡槽中。
在本发明提供的转子中，所述第一转子导磁轭、所述第二转子导磁轭以及所述第三转子导磁轭之间通过绝缘胶粘结在一起。
本发明还提供了一种多相电机，包括斜槽定子以及上述任一项所述的转子，所述斜槽定子包括多相励磁线圈以及定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯上设置有用于绕置所述多相励磁线圈的斜齿，所述斜齿之间形成用于边置所述多相励磁线圈的斜槽。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
本发明具有以下有益效果：本发明第一永磁体组和第二永磁体组的排布方式使得第一永磁体组和第二永磁体组在进入斜槽定子产生的电磁场时阻力更小；由于每一永磁体组的第二永磁体分别与该组的第一永磁体和第三永磁体反极，该第二永磁体转动过程中向供电电源回馈电能；斜槽定子与阶梯形的转子配合使得定子表面的气隙均匀，转子更加平顺，扭矩更加大，并能够消除脉动转矩，因此具有提高电机用电效率、节约能源的有益效果。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
图1是本发明一优选实施例中的转子的分解结构示意图；
图2是图1所示实施例中的转子的侧壁面展开成一平面时的永磁体排布示意图；
图3是图1所示实施例中的转子导磁轭的俯视图；
图4是另一实施例中的转子的转子导磁轭的俯视图；
图5是一实施例中的斜槽定子绕置有A相励磁线圈后的结构示意图；
图6是图5所示实施例中的绕置有A相励磁线圈的斜槽定子的展开后的结构示意图。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
图1示出了本发明第一实施例中的转子，该转子主要用于与斜槽定子配合以构成电机。同时参照图2，该转子包括转轴1、转子导磁轭2、多个第一永磁体组3以及多个第二永磁体组4。多个第一永磁体组3和多个第二永磁体组4沿着转子导磁轭2的周向等间距地交替间隔分布，第一永磁体组3和第二永磁体组4的在一垂直于转轴1的平面上的投影相邻且边缘重合。
转子导磁轭2大致呈圆柱状，其包括依次套接于转轴1上的第一转子导磁轭21、第二转子导磁轭22以及第三转子导磁轭23。第一转子导磁轭21、第二转子导磁轭22以及第三转子导磁轭23之间通过绝缘胶粘结在一起。其中，第一永磁体组3和第二永磁体组4均呈阶梯状。每一第一永磁体组3和每一第二永磁体组4分别包括一设置于第一转子导磁轭21上的第一永磁体a、一设置于第二转子导磁轭22上的第二永磁体b以及一设置于第三转子导磁轭23上的第三永磁体c。第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c的磁极均沿着转子导磁轭2的径向分布且大小形状均相同。相邻两个第一永磁体a的朝向转轴1的磁极异名，相邻两个第二永磁体b的朝向转轴1的磁极异名，相邻两个第三永磁体c的朝向转轴1的磁极异名。
进一步地，第一永磁体组3的第一永磁体a和第三永磁体c分别与第一永磁体组3的第二永磁体b的朝向转轴1的磁极异名，该第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c在平面上的投影依次相邻；第二永磁体组4的第一永磁体a和第三永磁体c分别与第二永磁体组4的第二永磁体b的朝向转轴1的磁极异名，该第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c在平面上的投影依次相邻。每一永磁体组的第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c的沿着垂直于转子导磁轭2的径向的截面呈长方形或者正方形。
本实施例中的第一永磁体组3或第二永磁体组4产生的磁场在进入斜槽定子的多相励磁线圈产生的磁场时候，因为斜槽定子是斜槽的且第一永磁体组3或第二永磁体组4均呈阶梯状，所以第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c都是以斜角进入多相励磁线圈产生的磁场时，可以减少励磁线圈产生的磁场对于每一永磁体组的阻力。当第一永磁体组3或第二永磁体组4逐渐进入斜槽定子的多相励 磁线圈产生的磁场后，相互作用的磁场线增多，多相励磁线圈对于转子的推力增大。并且，斜槽定子与阶梯形排布的第一永磁体组3以及第二永磁体组4配合，使得定子表面的气隙均匀，转子更加平顺，扭矩更加大，并能够消除脉动转矩，因此具有提高电机用电效率、节约能源的有益效果。
因为同一永磁体组中，中间第二永磁体b是和上面的第一永磁体a以及下面的第三永磁体c是反极的，这样可以抑制电机在运转时带来的涡流损耗及热量，可以向供电电源回馈电能，也即是节省了电能。
优选地，每一第一永磁体组3的第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c在垂直于转轴1的平面上的投影的边缘依次互相重合。这样可以进一步提高每一个第一永磁体组3中的第二永磁体b的磁性以提高转动扭矩，使得电能的使用效率得到提高。在本实施例中，第二永磁体组4的第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c在平面上的投影的边缘依次互相重合。这样可以进一步提高每一个第二永磁体组4中的第二永磁体b的转动扭矩，以提高电能的使用效率。该第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c的大小以及形状相同为最佳实施方式。
具体地，第一转子导磁轭21、第二转子导磁轭22以及第三转子导磁轭23上距离转轴1距离相同的位置分别设置有多个分别与第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c适配的插槽d，每一插槽d沿着平行于转轴1的方向延伸。第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c均呈长方体或正方体状。对应地，如图3所示，插槽d也呈长方体状或正方体状。
在本实施例中，转轴1包括呈圆柱状的主体(未示出)以及设置在主体的侧壁上的若干个凸肋，每一凸肋沿着平行于主体轴向的方向延伸，并且若干个凸肋沿着主体的周向均匀分布。再如图3所示，转子导磁轭2沿其轴心线方向设置有圆柱形的通孔2a，通孔2a对应的侧壁上设置有若干个卡槽2b，主体穿置在通孔2a中，若干个凸肋分别嵌置于若干个卡槽2b中。可以防止转轴1相对于转子导磁轭2转动，并且更好控制第一转子导磁轭21、第二转子导磁轭22以及第三转子导磁轭23在周向上的相对位置，便于安装。
当然，第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c也可以分别为横截面呈圆弧状的柱体。第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c分别安装在对应的插 槽d中时，第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c的横截面的圆心位于转轴1的轴心线上。对应地，如图4所示，插槽d也为横截面呈圆弧状。采用这种形状的永磁体可以进一步提高电机的用电效率。
本发明还提供了一种多相斜槽电机，包括斜槽定子以及上述实施例中的转子，该斜槽定子包括多相励磁线圈以及定子铁芯，定子铁芯上设置有用于绕置多相励磁线圈的斜齿，斜齿之间形成用于边置多相励磁线圈的斜槽。如图5所示为该多相励磁线圈中的A相线圈的绕置示意图，其他相的线圈按照预定需要，分别间隔一定斜齿数的绕置。同时参照图3，该A相励磁线圈的一极所跨过的圆心角Y大致与转子上的每个第一永磁体a、第二永磁体b以及第三永磁体c分别跨过的圆心角α相等。参照图2和图6，斜槽的倾斜角与第一永磁体组以及第二永磁体组的倾斜角相同，在本实施例中，均为17度。
应当理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种转子，其特征在于，包括转轴(1)、转子导磁轭(2)、多个第一永磁体组(3)以及多个第二永磁体组(4)，所述多个第一永磁体组(3)和所述多个第二永磁体组(4)沿着所述转子导磁轭(2)的周向等间距地交替间隔分布，所述第一永磁体组(3)和所述第二永磁体组(4)的在一垂直于所述转轴(1)的平面上的投影相邻且边缘重合；
    所述转子导磁轭(2)包括依次套接于所述转轴(1)上的第一转子导磁轭(21)、第二转子导磁轭(22)以及第三转子导磁轭(23)，每一所述第一永磁体组(3)和每一所述第二永磁体组(4)分别包括一设置于所述第一转子导磁轭(21)上的第一永磁体(a)、一设置于所述第二转子导磁轭(22)上的第二永磁体(b)以及一设置于所述第三转子导磁轭(23)上的第三永磁体(c)；相邻两个所述第一永磁体(a)的朝向所述转轴(1)的磁极异名，相邻两个所述第二永磁体(b)的朝向所述转轴(1)的磁极异名，相邻两个所述第三永磁体(c)的朝向所述转轴(1)的磁极异名；
    所述第一永磁体组(3)的第一永磁体(a)和第三永磁体(c)分别与所述第一永磁体组(3)的第二永磁体(b)的朝向所述转轴(1)的磁极异名，该第一永磁体(a)、第二永磁体(b)以及第三永磁体(c)在所述平面上的投影依次相邻；
    所述第二永磁体组(4)的第一永磁体(a)和第三永磁体(c)分别与所述第二永磁体组(4)的第二永磁体(b)的朝向所述转轴(1)的磁极异名，该第一永磁体(a)、第二永磁体(b)以及第三永磁体(c)在所述平面上的投影依次相邻。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转子，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体组(3)的第一永磁体(a)、第二永磁体(b)以及第三永磁体(c)在所述平面上的投影的边缘依次互相重合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的转子，其特征在于，所述第二永磁体组(4)的第一永磁体(a)、第二永磁体(b)以及第三永磁体(c)在所述平面上的投影的边缘依次互相重合。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的转子，其特征在于，所述第一转子导磁轭(21)、所述第二转子导磁轭(22)以及所述第三转子导磁轭(23)上距离所述转轴(1)距离相同的位置分别设置有多个分别与所述第一永磁体(a)、所述第二永磁体(b)以及所述第三永磁体(c)适配的插槽(d)，每一所述插槽(d)沿着平行于所述转轴(1)的方向延伸。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的转子，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体(a)、所述第二永磁体(b)以及所述第三永磁体(c)均呈长方体或正方体状。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的转子，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体(a)、所述第二永磁体(b)以及所述第三永磁体(c)均呈横截面为圆弧状的柱体，所述第一永磁体(a)、所述第二永磁体(b)以及所述第三永磁体(c)分别安装在对应的所述插槽中(d)时，所述第一永磁体(a)、所述第二永磁体(b)以及所述第三永磁体(c)的横截面的圆心位于所述转轴(1)的轴心线上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的转子，其特征在于，所述转轴(1)包括呈圆柱状的主体以及设置在所述主体的侧壁上的若干个凸肋，每一所述凸肋沿着平行于所述主体轴向的方向延伸，并且所述若干个凸肋沿着所述主体的周向均匀分布；
    所述转子导磁轭(2)沿其轴心线方向设置有圆柱形的通孔(2a)，所述通孔(2a)对应的侧壁上设置有若干个卡槽(2b)，所述主体穿置在所述通孔(2a)中，所述若干个凸肋分别嵌置于所述若干个卡槽(2b)中。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的转子，其特征在于，所述第一转子导磁轭(21)、所述第二转子导磁轭(22)以及所述第三转子导磁轭(23 )之间通过绝缘胶粘结在一起。
  9. 一种多相电机，其特征在于，包括斜槽定子以及如权利要求1至9任一项所述的转子，所述斜槽定子包括多相励磁线圈以及定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯上设置有用于绕置所述多相励磁线圈的斜齿，所述斜齿之间形成用于边置所述多相励磁线圈的斜槽。
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