WO2016155000A1 - 轨道车辆的空调系统 - Google Patents

轨道车辆的空调系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016155000A1
WO2016155000A1 PCT/CN2015/075834 CN2015075834W WO2016155000A1 WO 2016155000 A1 WO2016155000 A1 WO 2016155000A1 CN 2015075834 W CN2015075834 W CN 2015075834W WO 2016155000 A1 WO2016155000 A1 WO 2016155000A1
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Prior art keywords
air
power supply
vehicle power
heat exchange
compartment
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PCT/CN2015/075834
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐金成
应之丁
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江苏中辆科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2016155000A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016155000A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/0018—Air-conditioning means, i.e. combining at least two of the following ways of treating or supplying air, namely heating, cooling or ventilating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of rail vehicle manufacturing, and in particular to an air conditioning system for a rail vehicle.
  • the air conditioning system is one of the most important components in rail vehicle equipment.
  • the traditional air conditioning system is mainly composed of compressors, condensers, piping systems, evaporators, fans, air ducts and other major components.
  • the compressor, the condenser, the pipeline system, the evaporator and the fan are all concentrated in the tank at the top of the compartment, and the air is blown to the air duct in the compartment through the fan to achieve the purpose of air conditioning.
  • the power of the fan is relatively large, and the noise is large when working.
  • the air in the cabin is first drawn into the cold evaporator through the return air duct, so that the air and the refrigerant in the evaporator are condensed by the compressor and the condenser, and then the heat is exchanged.
  • the cold air after the heat exchange is blown by the fan to the cold air duct in the cabin.
  • the equipment involved since a large amount of air is adjusted, the equipment involved must be high-powered, which not only causes the equipment to be bulky, but also increases the weight of the cabin and the energy consumption of the vehicle, and also increases the center of gravity of the cabin. The stability of the car is not high.
  • the cold air duct in the cabin can be provided with a plurality of air outlets, and the air volume of the air outlet can be adjusted, the air outlet temperature of the air outlet is the same and cannot be adjusted.
  • the feeling of blowing cold air on a certain temperature is not the same. Therefore, for a cold wind of a certain temperature, passengers will feel cold and passengers will feel hot and cannot satisfy the passenger's difference.
  • Vehicle power supply is one of the most important components in rail vehicle equipment.
  • the working temperature environment of vehicle power supply is an important factor affecting the service life of vehicle power supply.
  • the vehicle power supply has the highest efficiency and the longest service life.
  • the on-board power supply of rail vehicles basically adopts natural air cooling or forced air cooling. If natural air cooling is adopted, the effect of the vehicle power supply in different seasons is very different.
  • the environment is not in the ideal operating temperature range for most of the time, especially in the summer, the outdoor air temperature reaches three or forty degrees Celsius, and the surface temperature of the railcar after sun exposure can even reach five or sixty degrees Celsius;
  • the outdoor air temperature is only zero degrees Celsius or even zero degrees Celsius.
  • the vehicle power supply works in these two extreme temperature environments, which not only leads to low efficiency of the vehicle power supply, but also reduces the service life of the vehicle power supply, and may also cause the vehicle power supply to burn down. It increases the unnecessary losses of enterprises and increases the cost; in addition, the use of natural air cooling will increase wind resistance and increase the energy consumption of rail vehicles.
  • the normal forced air cooling form requires additional air cooling for the vehicle power supply, resulting in additional energy consumption.
  • the air conditioner needs to consume additional energy after the ventilation, so that the air in the cabin reaches the comfortable temperature of the human body again.
  • the air in the general cabin is internally circulated, but after a long time, the air quality in the cabin will become worse and worse, and various bacteria in the air in the cabin will be contained. It will infect passengers.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an air conditioning system for a rail vehicle.
  • the air in the cabin is blown to the vehicle power supply box through the fan A, and the vehicle power box is passed through the vehicle.
  • the efficiency of the air conditioner being adjusted to the comfortable temperature of the human body after the ventilation is improved, and the additional energy consumption of the air conditioner being adjusted to the comfortable temperature of the human body after the ventilation is reduced;
  • Ventilation in the cabin ensures fresh air in the cabin
  • the evaporation unit of the air conditioning system is installed in the compartment, and the fan at the top of the compartment is cancelled, so that the structure of the air conditioning system at the top of the compartment is greatly reduced, which not only reduces the weight and center of gravity of the compartment, but also makes the carriage more stable; and can reduce the compartment. Wind resistance during driving;
  • the air conditioning of the local area in the vehicle compartment is separately adjusted by the plurality of evaporation units, which not only has better effect, but also can be differentially adjusted for passenger requirements in different areas of the vehicle compartment;
  • An air conditioning system of a rail vehicle includes a vehicle compartment, and an outer compression condensing unit and an on-vehicle power supply are respectively fixed on a top portion of the vehicle compartment, and a plurality of indoor evaporation units are sequentially fixed in a top portion of the vehicle compartment along a length direction of the vehicle compartment.
  • the evaporation unit is respectively circulated and communicated with the outdoor compression condensing unit through a refrigerant tube, wherein the air outlet of the indoor evaporation unit is downwardly directed, and the indoor evaporation unit communicates with the air in the vehicle compartment through a return air duct fixed in the vehicle compartment;
  • the power supply is disposed in the vehicle power supply box, and the vehicle interior communicates with the vehicle power supply box through the connecting air duct A, and the vehicle power supply box communicates with the outside through the exhaust duct provided; the vehicle compartment is provided with the interior of the vehicle compartment
  • the communicating air pipe is heat exchanged between the air exchange pipe and the air exhaust pipe through a heat exchanger A provided at the top of the outer compartment.
  • the plurality of indoor evaporation units are in a parallel structure, and the main pipe of the refrigerant pipe is in communication with the outdoor compression condensing unit, and the branch pipes of the refrigerant pipe are respectively connected to the indoor evaporation units.
  • the return duct of the indoor evaporating unit is provided in plurality, and each of the indoor evaporating units is disposed on both sides; and the return duct is connected to the indoor evaporating unit through the connecting duct B.
  • the vehicle power supply box further includes a heat exchanger B for the vehicle power supply
  • the heat exchanger B includes a heat exchange tube having a meandering structure, and the vehicle power source is respectively disposed in the heat exchange.
  • the surface of the vehicle power supply is hot
  • the surface of the pipe changer is circulated, and the air-exchange exhaust gas in the vehicle compartment is circulated in the heat exchange pipe, and one end of the air inlet pipe of the vehicle power supply box communicates with the connecting air pipe A, and the other end penetrates into the vehicle power supply box and exchanges heat.
  • One end of the tube is connected, and the other end of the heat exchange tube is provided with an air outlet, and the side of the vehicle power supply box away from the air outlet is provided with an exhaust port.
  • a gap is formed between the top surface and the bottom surface of the heat exchange tube and the top and bottom of the vehicle power supply box, and the side wall of the heat exchange tube passes through the support rod and the vehicle power supply box.
  • the side walls are fixedly connected.
  • the air outlets of the heat exchange tubes are respectively disposed on the air outlet tubes provided at the top and bottom of the heat exchange tubes.
  • the heat exchange tube is covered in the vehicle power supply box body, and the air inlet pipe and the air outlet are respectively disposed at two ends of the vehicle power supply box; the air outlet direction of the air outlet is blown toward One end of the air duct is disposed on a side of the vehicle power supply box near the air inlet duct.
  • the bottom of the side wall of the heat exchange tube is provided with a bracket at a position within the interval formed by the heat exchange tube, and the bracket fixes the vehicle power source.
  • the surface of the heat exchange tube that is not in contact with the vehicle power source is provided with a heat insulation layer A; and the outer surface of the vehicle power supply box body is provided with a heat insulation layer B.
  • a fan A and a fan B are respectively disposed in the connecting air duct A and the air exchange tube, and the fan A blows air in the vehicle compartment into the vehicle power supply box, and the fan B is subjected to heat exchange.
  • the outside air after heat exchange of the device A is blown into the cabin.
  • the air outlet 10 of the exhaust duct 13 is remote from the vehicle power supply 7.
  • the air in the vehicle compartment is blown into the vehicle power supply box by the fan A, and the heat exchanger B in the vehicle power supply box is used to supply the vehicle power source.
  • the heat exchange between heat conduction and heat convection is carried out separately, which effectively reduces the temperature of the vehicle power supply and the vehicle power supply box, and ensures that the vehicle power supply can work normally.
  • the efficiency of the air conditioner being adjusted to the comfortable temperature of the human body after the air exchange is improved, and the air conditioner is adjusted to the comfortable temperature of the human body again after being ventilated. Additional energy consumption.
  • the air in the cabin is ventilated to ensure the fresh air in the cabin.
  • the air conditioning system of the rail vehicle of the present invention sets the evaporation unit of the air conditioning system in the vehicle compartment, and additionally eliminates the fan at the top of the cabin, so that the air conditioning system structure at the top of the cabin is greatly reduced, which not only reduces the weight of the cabin and The center of gravity makes the car run more stable; and it can reduce the wind resistance when the car is driving.
  • the multi-connected air conditioning system of the rail vehicle of the present invention separately adjusts the air of a local area in the vehicle compartment by a plurality of evaporation units, which not only has better effect, but also can be carried out for passengers in different areas of the vehicle compartment. Differentiation adjustment.
  • the multi-connected air conditioning system of the rail vehicle of the present invention improves the air conditioning adjustment effect by providing the return air duct on both sides of the evaporation unit, which is more advantageous for the circulation of air in the vehicle compartment.
  • the multi-connected air conditioning system of the rail vehicle of the present invention avoids heat loss through the outer surface of the tank and the heat insulation layer structure provided on the heat exchange tube, thereby improving the constant temperature effect of the tank on the power source.
  • Figure 1 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention after removing the multi-connected air conditioning system.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of the vehicle power supply.
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged front elevational cross-sectional view showing the vehicle power supply.
  • the present invention includes a compartment 1 , the top of the outside of the compartment 1 is fixed with an outdoor compression condensing unit 2 and an on-board power supply 7, respectively, the top of the compartment 1 , along the compartment 1
  • a plurality of indoor evaporation units 3 are sequentially fixed in the longitudinal direction, and the indoor evaporation units 3 are respectively circulated and communicated with the outdoor compression condensing unit 2 through the refrigerant pipe 4, and the outlet of the indoor evaporation unit 3 is downward in the air outlet direction, and the indoor evaporation is performed.
  • the unit 3 communicates with the air in the compartment 1 through a return air duct 5 fixed in the compartment 1; the vehicle power supply 7 is disposed in the vehicle power supply box 70, and the air duct A and the vehicle power supply box are connected in the compartment 1
  • the vehicle power supply box 70 communicates with the outside through the exhaust duct 13 provided; the vehicle compartment 1 is provided with a ventilation pipe 9 communicating with the interior of the vehicle compartment 1, the ventilation pipe 9 and the exhaust air
  • the tube 13 is heat exchanged by a heat exchanger A8 provided at the outer top of the compartment 1.
  • the plurality of indoor evaporation units 3 are in a parallel configuration, and the manifold of the refrigerant tubes 4 communicates with the outdoor compression condensing unit 2, and the branch tubes of the refrigerant tubes 4 communicate with the respective indoor evaporation units 3.
  • the return air duct 5 of the indoor evaporating unit 3 is provided in plurality, and is respectively disposed on the two sides of the indoor evaporating unit 3; the return air duct 5 is connected to the indoor evaporating unit 3 through the connecting duct B6.
  • the vehicle power supply box 70 is further provided with a heat exchanger B of the vehicle power supply 7, and the heat exchanger B includes a heat exchange tube 71 having a meandering structure, and the vehicle power supply 7 is respectively disposed at the heat exchange tube 71.
  • the surface of the vehicle-mounted power source 7 is bonded to the surface of the heat exchange tube 71.
  • the air-exchange exhaust gas in the compartment 1 is circulated in the heat exchange tube 71, and the air inlet tube 72 of the vehicle power supply box 70 is provided with one end.
  • the air duct A is connected to the other end, and the other end of the heat exchange tube 71 is connected to one end of the heat exchange tube 71.
  • the other end of the heat exchange tube 71 is provided with an air outlet 73.
  • the vehicle power supply box 70 is away from the air outlet 73.
  • An exhaust port 74 is provided on one side.
  • a gap is formed between the top surface and the bottom surface of the heat exchange tube 71 and the top and bottom of the vehicle power supply box 70, and the side wall of the heat exchange tube 71 passes through the struts 76 and the side of the vehicle power supply box 70.
  • the wall is fixedly connected.
  • the air outlets 73 of the heat exchange tubes 71 are respectively disposed at the air outlet tubes 79 provided at the top and bottom of the heat exchange tubes 71.
  • the heat exchange tube 71 is filled in the vehicle power supply box 70, and the air inlet tube 72 and the air outlet 73 are respectively disposed at two ends of the vehicle power supply box 70; the air outlet of the air outlet 73 is blown toward the air inlet At one end of the tube 72, the exhaust port 74 is provided on a side of the vehicle power supply box 70 near the air inlet duct 72.
  • the bottom of the side wall of the heat exchange tube 71 is provided with a bracket 77 at a position within the interval formed by the heat exchange tube 71, and the bracket 77 fixes the vehicle power source 7.
  • the surface of the heat exchange tube 71 that is not in contact with the vehicle power source 7 is provided with a heat insulating layer A78; and the outer surface of the vehicle power source box 70 is provided with a heat insulating layer B75.
  • a fan A11 and a fan B12 are respectively disposed in the connecting duct A and the air duct 9, and the fan A11 blows air in the cabin 1 into the vehicle power supply box 70, and the fan B12 exchanges heat through the heat exchanger A8. The outside air is blown into the cabin 1 .
  • the air outlet 10 of the exhaust duct 13 is away from the vehicle power supply 7.
  • the temperature inside the compartment 1 is generally maintained at about 25 degrees Celsius.
  • the vehicle power supply 7 also generates heat during the normal discharge process, so that the temperature of the vehicle power supply 7 rises, and the optimal operating temperature of the vehicle power supply 7 is generally in the range of 20 to 40 degrees Celsius, when the operating temperature of the vehicle power supply 7 is too low. If it is too high, it will not only affect the efficiency of the vehicle power supply 7, but also reduce the life of the vehicle power supply 7.
  • the air in the cabin 1 is internally circulated, but after a long time, the air in the cabin 1 is not fresh, so it is often necessary Perform ventilation.
  • the air conditioner needs to consume additional energy after the ventilation, so that the air in the compartment 1 reaches the comfortable temperature of the human body again.
  • the present invention when the vehicle 1 is ventilated, the air in the compartment 1 is blown into the vehicle power supply box 70 by the fan A11, and the vehicle power supply 7 is separately performed by the heat exchanger B in the vehicle power supply box.
  • the heat exchange between heat conduction and heat convection effectively reduces the temperature in the vehicle power supply 7 and the vehicle power supply box 70, and ensures the vehicle power supply 7 Can work normally.
  • the temperature of the air after heat exchange through heat exchanger B will increase slightly, generally in the range of 28 to 30 degrees Celsius, which is lower than the outdoor air temperature in summer, and much higher than the temperature outside the winter, through the heat exchanger A8
  • the outdoor air taken in by the ventilation pipe 9 and the gas discharged from the vehicle power supply case 70 exchange heat, so that the outdoor air temperature sucked by the ventilation pipe 9 can approach the temperature of the air in the passenger compartment 1, and the air conditioner can be adjusted to the human body again after being ventilated.
  • the comfort temperature efficiency reduces the additional energy consumption of the air conditioner due to the re-adjustment to the comfortable temperature of the human body after ventilation.
  • the evaporation unit 3 of the air conditioner is disposed in the compartment 1 and the fan at the top of the compartment 1 is cancelled, so that the structure of the air conditioning system at the top of the compartment 1 is greatly reduced, and the weight and center of gravity of the compartment 1 can be reduced.
  • the driving of the compartment 1 is more stable; and the wind resistance of the compartment 1 can be reduced; at the same time, by sequentially arranging the plurality of evaporation units 3 in parallel on the top of the compartment 1, there is no need to provide a duct in the compartment 1 and no need to use high power.
  • the fan diverts the air in the air duct, which not only reduces the weight of the compartment 1 but also reduces the energy consumption; in addition, separately adjusting the air in a partial area of the compartment through a plurality of evaporation units, not only the effect is better, but also Differentiating adjustment can be made for passengers in different areas of the vehicle compartment; and by setting the return air duct on both sides of the evaporation unit, it is more conducive to the circulation of air in the cabin, thereby improving the adjustment effect of the air conditioner.

Abstract

一种轨道车辆的空调系统，包括车厢（1），所述车厢（1）外的顶部分别固定有室外压缩冷凝单元（2）和车载电源（7），所述车厢（1）内的顶部、沿车厢（1）的长度方向依次固定有多个室内蒸发单元（3），所述室内蒸发单元（3）分别通过冷媒管（4）与室外压缩冷凝单元（2）循环连通，所述室内蒸发单元（3）的出风口出风方向向下，室内蒸发单元（3）通过车厢（1）内所固定的回风管（5）与车厢（1）内的空气连通。将空调系统的蒸发单元设于车厢内，另外取消了车厢顶部的风机，使得车厢顶部的空调系统结构大大减小，不仅降低了车厢的重量和重心，使得车厢行驶更加稳定，而且可以降低车厢行驶时候的风阻。

Description

轨道车辆的空调系统 技术领域
本发明涉及轨道车辆制造领域，具体涉及一种轨道车辆的空调系统。
背景技术
空调系统是轨道车辆设备中最为重要的部件之一，目前传统空调系统主要由压缩机、冷凝器、管路系统、蒸发器、风机、风道等主要部件构成。其中，压缩机、冷凝器、管路系统、蒸发器、风机都集中设于车厢顶部的箱体内，通过风机向车厢内的风道进行送风，以达到空气调节的目的。但是由于有风道的长度较长，为了保证送风效果，风机的功率比较大，工作的时候噪声较大。
另外由于目前传统空调系统的工作模式是先通过回风风道将车厢内的空气抽入冷蒸发器，使空气与蒸发器中的经过压缩机、冷凝器冷凝后的冷媒进行热交换，然后将热交换之后的冷空气通过风机吹向车厢内的冷风风道。这种工作模式下，由于是对大量的空气进行调节，所以涉及到的设备都必须是大功率的，不仅导致设备庞大，增加了车厢的重量以及工作能耗，而且使得车厢的重心也升高了，导致车厢行驶的时候稳定性不高。
目前传统空调系统的蒸发器只有一个，车厢内的冷风风道虽然可以设有多个出风口，并且也可以调节出风口的出风风量，但是出风口的出风温度都是相同的，不能调节。但是由于车厢内的乘客体质不同， 对于某一温度冷风吹在身上的感觉也并不相同，所以对于某一温度的冷风会有乘客觉得冷同时也会有乘客觉得热，无法满足乘客的差异性。
车载电源是轨道车辆设备中最为重要的部件之一，车载电源的工作温度环境的好坏是影响车载电源使用寿命一个重要的因素。当车载电源的工作温度在25摄氏度左右的时候，车载电源的效率最高，使用寿命最长。目前，轨道车辆车载电源基本都采用自然风冷或强制风冷的冷却方式，如果通过自然风冷，则导致车载电源在不同的季节发挥出的作用大不相同，此种使用方式导致车载电源工作环境大部分时间不在理想的工作温度范围内，尤其是在夏天，室外空气温度达到三、四十摄氏度，而经阳光照射后的轨道车表面温度则甚至可以达到五、六十摄氏度；另外在冬天，室外空气温度仅有零摄氏度甚至零摄氏度以下，车载电源在这两种极端温度环境下工作，不仅会导致车载电源利用效率低，降低了车载电源的使用寿命，而且还可能会导致车载电源烧毁，增加了企业不必要的损失，提高了成本；另外采用自然风冷还会增加风阻，增加轨道车辆的能耗。而普通的强制风冷形式则需要对车载电源提供额外的风冷装置，造成了额外的能耗。
另外，由于车厢内外的温差较大，导致换气之后空调需要消耗额外的能量，以使车厢内的空气再次达到人体舒适的温度。为了提高空调的效果，同时降低空调的能耗，一般车厢内的空气为内循环，但是时间长了之后，车厢内的空气质量就会越来越差，车厢内空气中会含有的各种病菌则会传染乘客。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种轨道车辆的空调系统，车厢内进行换气的时候，通过风机A将车厢内的空气吹向车载电源箱体内，并通过车载电源箱提内的热交换器B对车载电源分别进行热传导和热对流两种方式的热交换，有效降低车载电源和车载电源箱体内的温度，保证车载电源可以正常工作；
车厢内进行换气的时候，提高了空调由于换气后再次调节至人体舒适温度的效率，减少了空调由于换气后再次调节至人体舒适温度的额外能耗；
车厢内进行换气，可以保证车厢内空气的清新；
将空调系统的蒸发单元设于车厢内，另外取消了车厢顶部的风机，使得车厢顶部的空调系统结构大大减小，不仅可以降低了车厢的重量和重心，使得车厢行驶更加稳定；而且可以降低车厢行驶时候的风阻；
通过将多个蒸发单元依次并联分布于车厢内顶部，无需在车厢内贯穿设有风道，也无需使用大功率风机将风道内的空气进行引流，不仅降低了车厢的重量，而且降低了能耗；
通过多个蒸发单元分别对车厢内的局部区域的空气单独进行调节，不仅效果更佳，而且还可以针对车厢内不同区域的乘客要求，进行差异化调节；
通过将回风管设于蒸发单元的两侧，更有利于车厢内空气的循环 流通，提高了空调的调节效果；
通过箱体外表面以及热交换管上所设的保温层结构，避免热量损失，提高了箱体对于电源的恒温效果。
本发明所采取的技术方案是：
轨道车辆的空调系统，包括车厢，所述车厢外的顶部分别固定有室外压缩冷凝单元和车载电源，所述车厢内的顶部、沿车厢的长度方向依次固定有多个室内蒸发单元，所述室内蒸发单元分别通过冷媒管与室外压缩冷凝单元循环连通，所述室内蒸发单元的出风口出风方向向下，室内蒸发单元通过车厢内所固定的回风管与车厢内的空气连通；所述车载电源设于车载电源箱体内，所述车厢内通过连接风管A与车载电源箱体内连通，所述车载电源箱体通过所设的排风管与外界连通；所述车厢上设有与车厢内连通的换气管，所述换气管与排风管通过车厢外顶部所设的热交换器A进行热交换。
本发明进一步改进方案是，多个室内蒸发单元为并联结构，所述冷媒管的总管与室外压缩冷凝单元连通，冷媒管的支管分别与各室内蒸发单元连通。
本发明更进一步改进方案是，所述室内蒸发单元的回风管设有多个，分别设于室内蒸发单元是两侧；所述回风管通过连接风管B与室内蒸发单元连通。
本发明更进一步改进方案是，所述车载电源箱体内还设有车载电源的热交换器B，所述热交换器B包括呈迂回状结构的热交换管，所述车载电源分别设于热交换管所形成的间隔内，车载电源表面与热交 换管的表面贴合，所述热交换管内流通的是车厢内的空调废气，所述车载电源箱体的进风管一端与连接风管A连通，另一端穿入车载电源箱体内与热交换管的一端连通，热交换管的另一端设有出风口，所述车载电源箱体远离出风口的一侧设有排气口。
本发明更进一步改进方案是，所述热交换管的顶面与底面分别与车载电源箱体内的顶部和底部之间设有空隙，所述热交换管的侧壁通过支杆与车载电源箱体的侧壁固定连接。
本发明更进一步改进方案是，所述热交换管的出风口分别设于热交换管顶部和底部所设的出风管。
本发明更进一步改进方案是，所述热交换管布满车载电源箱体内，所述进风管和出风口分别设于车载电源箱体的两端；所述出风口的出风方向吹向进风管一端，所述排气口设于车载电源箱体靠近进风管的一侧。
本发明更进一步改进方案是，所述热交换管侧壁底部位于其所形成的间隔内位置处设有托条，所述托条将车载电源固定。
本发明更进一步改进方案是，所述热交换管不与车载电源接触的表面设有隔热层A；所述车载电源箱体的外表面设有隔热层B。
本发明更进一步改进方案是，所述连接风管A内和换气管内分别设有风机A和风机B，所述风机A将车厢内的空气吹向车载电源箱体内，风机B将经过热交换器A换热后的外界空气吹向车厢内。
本发明更进一步改进方案是，所述排风管13的出风管口10远离车载电源7。
本发明的有益效果在于：
第一、本发明的轨道车辆的空调系统，车厢内进行换气的时候，通过风机A将车厢内的空气吹向车载电源箱体内，并通过车载电源箱提内的热交换器B对车载电源分别进行热传导和热对流两种方式的热交换，有效降低车载电源和车载电源箱体内的温度，保证车载电源可以正常工作。
第二、本发明的轨道车辆的空调系统，车厢内进行换气的时候，提高了空调由于换气后再次调节至人体舒适温度的效率，减少了空调由于换气后再次调节至人体舒适温度的额外能耗。
第三、本发明的轨道车辆的空调系统，车厢内进行换气，可以保证车厢内空气的清新。
第四、本发明的轨道车辆的空调系统，将空调系统的蒸发单元设于车厢内，另外取消了车厢顶部的风机，使得车厢顶部的空调系统结构大大减小，不仅可以降低了车厢的重量和重心，使得车厢行驶更加稳定；而且可以降低车厢行驶时候的风阻。
第五、本发明的轨道车辆的多联空调系统，通过将多个蒸发单元依次并联分布于车厢内顶部，无需在车厢内贯穿设有风道，也无需使用大功率风机将风道内的空气进行引流，不仅降低了车厢的重量，而且降低了能耗。
第六、本发明的轨道车辆的多联空调系统，通过多个蒸发单元分别对车厢内的局部区域的空气单独进行调节，不仅效果更佳，而且还可以针对车厢内不同区域的乘客要求，进行差异化调节。
第七、本发明的轨道车辆的多联空调系统，通过将回风管设于蒸发单元的两侧，更有利于车厢内空气的循环流通，提高了空调的调节效果。
第八、本发明的轨道车辆的多联空调系统，通过箱体外表面以及热交换管上所设的保温层结构，避免热量损失，提高了箱体对于电源的恒温效果。
附图说明：
图1为本发明的主视剖视示意图。
图2为本发明的侧视剖视示意图。
图3为本发明去除多联空调系统后的主视剖视示意图。
图4为车载电源的俯视剖视放大示意图。
图5为车载电源的主视剖视放大示意图。
具体实施方式：
由图1、2、3、4、5可知，本发明包括车厢1，所述车厢1外的顶部分别固定有室外压缩冷凝单元2和车载电源7，所述车厢1内的顶部、沿车厢1的长度方向依次固定有多个室内蒸发单元3，所述室内蒸发单元3分别通过冷媒管4与室外压缩冷凝单元2循环连通，所述室内蒸发单元3的出风口出风方向向下，室内蒸发单元3通过车厢1内所固定的回风管5与车厢1内的空气连通；所述车载电源7设于车载电源箱体70内，所述车厢1内通过连接风管A与车载电源箱体70内连通，所述车载电源箱体70通过所设的排风管13与外界连通；所述车厢1上设有与车厢1内连通的换气管9，所述换气管9与排风 管13通过车厢1外顶部所设的热交换器A8进行热交换。
多个室内蒸发单元3为并联结构，所述冷媒管4的总管与室外压缩冷凝单元2连通，冷媒管4的支管分别与各室内蒸发单元3连通。
所述室内蒸发单元3的回风管5设有多个，分别设于室内蒸发单元3是两侧；所述回风管5通过连接风管B6与室内蒸发单元3连通。
所述车载电源箱体70内还设有车载电源7的热交换器B，所述热交换器B包括呈迂回状结构的热交换管71，所述车载电源7分别设于热交换管71所形成的间隔内，车载电源7表面与热交换管71的表面贴合，所述热交换管71内流通的是车厢1内的空调废气，所述车载电源箱体70的进风管72一端与连接风管A连通，另一端穿入车载电源箱体70内与热交换管71的一端连通，热交换管71的另一端设有出风口73，所述车载电源箱体70远离出风口73的一侧设有排气口74。
所述热交换管71的顶面与底面分别与车载电源箱体70内的顶部和底部之间设有空隙，所述热交换管71的侧壁通过支杆76与车载电源箱体70的侧壁固定连接。
所述热交换管71的出风口73分别设于热交换管71顶部和底部所设的出风管79。
所述热交换管71布满车载电源箱体70内，所述进风管72和出风口73分别设于车载电源箱体70的两端；所述出风口73的出风方向吹向进风管72一端，所述排气口74设于车载电源箱体70靠近进风管72的一侧。
所述热交换管71侧壁底部位于其所形成的间隔内位置处设有托条77，所述托条77将车载电源7固定。
所述热交换管71不与车载电源7接触的表面设有隔热层A78；所述车载电源箱体70的外表面设有隔热层B75。
所述连接风管A内和换气管9内分别设有风机A11和风机B12，所述风机A11将车厢1内的空气吹向车载电源箱体70内，风机B12将经过热交换器A8换热后的外界空气吹向车厢1内。
所述排风管13的出风管口10远离车载电源7。
由于人体比较舒适的温度在25摄氏度左右，所以车厢1内的温度一般也保持在25摄氏度左右。车载电源7在正常放电过程中同样会产生热量，使车载电源7的温度升高，而车载电源7的最佳工作温度一般在20～40摄氏度的范围内，当车载电源7的工作温度过低或过高，不仅会影响车载电源7的效率，而且还会降低车载电源7的寿命。
当车厢1内使用空调的时候，为了提高空调的效果，同时降低空调的能耗，一般车厢1内的空气为内循环，但是时间长了之后，车厢1内的空气就不新鲜，所以需要经常进行换气。但是由于车厢1内外的温差较大，导致换气之后空调需要消耗额外的能量，以使车厢1内的空气再次达到人体舒适的温度。
本发明使用时，车厢1内进行换气的时候，通过风机A11将车厢1内的空气吹向车载电源箱体70内，并通过车载电源箱提内的热交换器B对车载电源7分别进行热传导和热对流两种方式的热交换，有效降低车载电源7和车载电源箱体70内的温度，保证车载电源7 可以正常工作。而经过换热器B换热后的空气温度会略微升高，一般在28～30摄氏度范围内，这个温度低于夏天室外空气的温度，并且远高于冬天室外的温度，通过热交换器A8对换气管9吸入的室外空气和车载电源箱体70排出的气体进行热交换，可以使换气管9吸入的室外空气温度接近车厢1内空气的温度，提高了空调由于换气后再次调节至人体舒适温度的效率，减少了空调由于换气后再次调节至人体舒适温度的额外能耗。
本发明使用时，将空调的蒸发单元3设于车厢1内，另外取消了车厢1顶部的风机，使得车厢1顶部的空调系统结构大大减小，不仅可以降低了车厢1的重量和重心，使得车厢1行驶更加稳定；而且可以降低车厢1行驶时候的风阻；同时，通过将多个蒸发单元3依次并联分布于车厢1内顶部，无需在车厢1内贯穿设有风道，也无需使用大功率风机将风道内的空气进行引流，不仅降低了车厢1的重量，而且降低了能耗；另外，通过多个蒸发单元分别对车厢内的局部区域的空气单独进行调节，不仅效果更佳，而且还可以针对车厢内不同区域的乘客要求，进行差异化调节；而且通过将回风管设于蒸发单元的两侧，更有利于车厢内空气的循环流通，提高了空调的调节效果。

Claims (10)

  1. 轨道车辆的空调系统，包括车厢(1)，所述车厢(1)外的顶部分别固定有室外压缩冷凝单元(2)和车载电源(7)，其特征在于：所述车厢(1)内的顶部、沿车厢(1)的长度方向依次固定有多个室内蒸发单元(3)，所述室内蒸发单元(3)分别通过冷媒管(4)与室外压缩冷凝单元(2)循环连通，所述室内蒸发单元(3)的出风口出风方向向下，室内蒸发单元(3)通过车厢(1)内所固定的回风管(5)与车厢(1)内的空气连通；所述车载电源(7)设于车载电源箱体(70)内，所述车厢(1)内通过连接风管A与车载电源箱体(70)内连通，所述车载电源箱体(70)通过所设的排风管(13)与外界连通；所述车厢(1)上设有与车厢(1)内连通的换气管(9)，所述换气管(9)与排风管(13)通过车厢(1)外顶部所设的热交换器A(8)进行热交换。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的轨道车辆的空调系统，其特征在于：多个室内蒸发单元(3)为并联结构，所述冷媒管(4)的总管与室外压缩冷凝单元(2)连通，冷媒管(4)的支管分别与各室内蒸发单元(3)连通。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的轨道车辆的空调系统，其特征在于：所述室内蒸发单元(3)的回风管(5)设有多个，分别设于室内蒸发单元(3)是两侧；所述回风管(5)通过连接风管B(6)与室内蒸发单元(3)连通。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的轨道车辆的空调系统，其特征在于：所述车载电源箱体(70)内还设有车载电源(7)的热交换器B，所述热交换器B包括呈迂回状结构的热交换管(71)，所述车载电源(7)分别设于热交换管(71)所形成的间隔内，车载电源(7)表面与热交换管(71)的表面贴合，所述热交换管(71)内流通的是车厢(1)内的空调废气，所述车载电源箱体(70)的进风管(72)一端与连接风管A连通，另一端穿入车载电源箱体(70)内与热交换管(71)的一端连通，热交换管(71)的另一端设有出风口(73)，所述车载电源箱体(70)远离出风口(73)的一侧设有排气口(74)。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的轨道车辆的空调系统，其特征在于：所述热交换管(71)的顶面与底面分别与车载电源箱体(70)内的顶部和底部之间设有空隙，所述热交换管(71)的侧壁通过支杆(76)与车载电源箱体(70)的侧壁固定连接。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的轨道车辆的车载电源恒温箱，其特征在于：所述热交换管(71)的出风口(73)分别设于热交换管(71)顶部和底部所设的出风管(79)。
  7. 如权利要求4其中任意一项所述的轨道车辆的车载电源恒温箱，其特征在于：所述热交换管(71)布满车载电源箱体(70)内，所述进风管(72)和出风口(73)分别设于车载电源箱体(70)的两端；所述出风口(73)的出风方向吹向进风管(72)一端，所述排气口(74)设于车载电源箱体(70)靠近进风管(72)的一侧。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的轨道车辆的车载电源恒温箱，其特征在 于：所述热交换管(71)侧壁底部位于其所形成的间隔内位置处设有托条(77)，所述托条(77)将车载电源(7)固定。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的轨道车辆的车载电源恒温箱，其特征在于：所述热交换管(71)不与车载电源(7)接触的表面设有隔热层A(78)；所述车载电源箱体(70)的外表面设有隔热层B(75)。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的轨道车辆的车载电源恒温箱，其特征在于：所述连接风管A内和换气管(9)内分别设有风机A(11)和风机B(12)，所述风机A(11)将车厢(1)内的空气吹向车载电源箱体(70)内，风机B(12)将经过热交换器A(8)换热后的外界空气吹向车厢(1)内。
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