WO2016146930A1 - Block heat exchanger, method for implementing same and heat exchange block belonging to such an exchanger - Google Patents

Block heat exchanger, method for implementing same and heat exchange block belonging to such an exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016146930A1
WO2016146930A1 PCT/FR2016/050565 FR2016050565W WO2016146930A1 WO 2016146930 A1 WO2016146930 A1 WO 2016146930A1 FR 2016050565 W FR2016050565 W FR 2016050565W WO 2016146930 A1 WO2016146930 A1 WO 2016146930A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channels
block
fluid
seal
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2016/050565
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Fabien PEREZ-TORRES
Aurore GUISE
Perrine GIRAUDOT
Patrick CHEREAU
Jean-Philippe GENOIS
Christian DERVELLE
Original Assignee
Mersen France Py Sas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mersen France Py Sas filed Critical Mersen France Py Sas
Priority to JP2017548303A priority Critical patent/JP2018510315A/en
Priority to KR1020177030017A priority patent/KR20170127029A/en
Priority to CN201680016347.2A priority patent/CN107429978A/en
Priority to US15/558,275 priority patent/US20180058774A1/en
Priority to EP16712393.4A priority patent/EP3271678B1/en
Publication of WO2016146930A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016146930A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F11/00—Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes and conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/005—Other auxiliary members within casings, e.g. internal filling means or sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2230/00—Sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/06—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction by using means for draining heat exchange media from heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/22—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for draining

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of block heat exchangers. It relates more particularly to such a block heat exchanger, which is equipped with means for identifying a possible leak of one of the fluids circulating in this exchanger.
  • a block heat exchanger which is equipped with means for identifying a possible leak of one of the fluids circulating in this exchanger.
  • heat exchangers Numerous types of heat exchangers are known, among which there will be mentioned, inter alia, plate, tube or finned exchangers.
  • the invention is more particularly directed to a block-type heat exchanger comprising an enclosure in which at least one heat exchange block is housed. Usually, this chamber receives several of these blocks, which are stacked on top of each other.
  • Each block is made of a thermally conductive material, such as graphite possibly combined with additives, for example of the polymer type.
  • This block which may be parallelepipedal or cylindrical, is hollowed out of two series of channels extending perpendicularly to each other. These channels are intended for the circulation of two fluids, in order to put them in exchange for mutual heat.
  • the first fluid is for example an acid
  • the second fluid is a coolant, especially water.
  • first channels are longitudinal and open on the front faces of the body, while the second channels are transverse and open on the opposite transverse faces of the body.
  • both the first and second channels are longitudinal and open on the front faces of the body.
  • the facing faces, belonging to two contiguous stacked blocks, are in mutual support.
  • the end blocks are respectively placed against the bottom and the cover of this enclosure.
  • the latter is finally equipped with different tubings, allowing the supply of fluids in the two series of channels, and their evacuation out of these channels.
  • Block heat exchangers are for example known from EP-A-0 196 548, or from WO-A-2006/081965.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a block heat exchanger which has improved sealing compared to exchangers of the same type, known from the state of the art.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such a heat exchanger, which allows effective monitoring of the seal between the two fluids circulating in the channels of this exchanger.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such a heat exchanger, which has a relatively simple structure and which can be manufactured without particular risk of mechanical failure, particularly with respect to channels dug in the blocks belonging to this exchanger.
  • An object of the present invention is a heat exchanger comprising
  • each block comprising a body, first longitudinal channels formed in this body according to a longitudinal direction of the block, which open on two opposite end faces of the body,
  • the exchanger further comprising first input means of a first fluid in the first channels, second input means of a second fluid in the second channels, first output means of the first fluid out of the first channels; second means for outputting the second fluid from the second channels, sealing means between the first and second fluids,
  • said exchanger being characterized in that the sealing means comprise at least one of the interfaces between two facing faces belonging to the cover and to the block which is adjacent to it, to the bottom and to the block which is adjacent to it; with two contiguous blocks, at least one radially inner peripheral seal, each inner seal extending radially outside the zone of the outlets of at least a portion of the longitudinal channels, and a radially outer peripheral seal defining, with the peripheral joint (s) (s) and the opposite end faces, a confinement space of a possible leak of one or the other fluid.
  • the second channels are transverse and there is provided a single radially inner seal extending radially outside the region of the outlets of the longitudinal channels, the confinement space being of annular shape;
  • the second channels are also longitudinal and there is at least one first radially inner seal, each first inner seal extending outside the outlet area of at least a portion of the first longitudinal channels, and at least one a second radially inner seal, each second inner seal extending outside the outlet area of at least a portion of the second longitudinal channels;
  • the first and second longitudinal channels are arranged in a succession of alternating rows, the area of outlets of each row being surrounded by a respective radially inner seal;
  • the sealing means comprise said at least one inner peripheral seal and said outer peripheral seal at all interfaces between two adjacent blocks;
  • the sealing means comprise said at least one inner peripheral seal and said outer peripheral seal, to all of said interfaces;
  • the exchanger further comprises detection means adapted to detect the presence of at least one of the first and the second fluid, within at least one annular confinement space; the exchanger further comprises an alarm capable of being activated by the detection means;
  • the exchanger further comprises evacuation means adapted to evacuate outside the enclosure said leakage of any fluid, confined in at least one annular space;
  • the evacuation means are placed in communication by the fluid with the detection means;
  • the detection means are remote from the enclosure and there is provided a clean connecting pipe to connect these detection means and the outlet of the evacuation means;
  • the evacuation means comprise at least one evacuation pipe, each evacuation pipe being formed in a respective block and connecting two adjacent confinement spaces;
  • the evacuation means comprise an evacuation tunnel formed in the bottom and / or the cover, which tunnel connects a confinement space and the outside of the enclosure;
  • Another object of the present invention is a method of implementing an exchanger as above, in which the first and second fluids are circulated in the first and second channels, so as to put them in exchange for heat. and the circulation of at least one fluid is stopped if the presence of said fluid is detected in at least one annular confinement space.
  • the outer seal is replaced if the presence of the second fluid is detected in at least one annular confinement space.
  • Another object of the present invention is a heat exchange block comprising a body, said first longitudinal channels, formed in this body in a longitudinal direction of the block, which open on two opposite end faces of the body, said second transverse channels. , formed in this body in a transverse direction of the block, which open on two opposite transverse faces of the body, said block being characterized in that it further comprises, on each front face, at least one radially inner peripheral seat which extends radially outside the region of the outlets of the longitudinal channels, this seat being adapted to receive a first seal,
  • a radially outer peripheral seat adapted to receive a second seal, this outer peripheral seat defining with the inner peripheral seat an annular intermediate section
  • At least one discharge pipe connects the opposite end faces and opens on the two opposite annular sections.
  • a heat exchanger of the type targeted by the invention, delimits a certain number of interfaces, between the end faces opposite its constituent elements. There is therefore a first interface between the cover and the block adjacent thereto, an opposite interface between the bottom and the adjacent block, and any additional interfaces between each pair of contiguous blocks.
  • a heat exchanger of the type targeted by the invention, delimits a certain number of interfaces, between the end faces opposite its constituent elements. There is therefore a first interface between the cover and the block adjacent thereto, an opposite interface between the bottom and the adjacent block, and any additional interfaces between each pair of contiguous blocks.
  • the invention relates to two main types of heat exchangers.
  • a first constructive mode only the first channels, intended for the circulation of a first fluid, called process fluid, are longitudinal and open on the front faces of each block.
  • the second channels intended for the circulation of the coolant, are transverse and open on the lateral faces of each block.
  • the seal (s) inside (s) surrounds (only) the outlet of the first channels, at the front faces. It is typically provided with a single inner seal, forming an annular containment space with the outer seal.
  • both the first and second channels are longitudinal and open on the front faces of each block.
  • a greater number of inner seals may be provided depending on the arrangement of the different channels.
  • the invention ensures the seal between the two fluids put in heat exchange, firstly thanks to the (x) seal (s) interior (s). In case of malfunction of this (s) internal seal (s), the possible leakage of fluid is confined because of the presence of the outer seal.
  • This double degree of security is provided on at least one of the interfaces listed above, in particular on all the interfaces between each pair of contiguous blocks, preferably on all the interfaces listed above. This provides improved sealing and safety, in particular by comparison with solutions involving a single seal between these two streams.
  • the invention also makes it possible to warn the operator in a substantially immediate manner, in the event of malfunction of one of the seals. Depending on the nature of the fluid, confined in the annular space and then discharged out of the exchanger, the operator knows which of the two seals is out of use. He can proceed to the detailed replacement of this faulty seal, before restarting the implementation of the installation.
  • the invention substantially eliminates any risk of contact between the two fluids. Indeed, such contacting occurs only in the case, highly improbable in practice, where the two joints pass simultaneously from a functional state to a defective state. In the most common case, only one of these joints becomes out of use while the other remains operational. The operator is notified without delay, stops the flow of fluids and replaces the defective seal.
  • the exchanger of the invention is particularly suitable for the exchange of heat between two fluids with high criticality.
  • the blocks belonging to the exchanger according to the invention have a small number of additional mechanical members, compared to the blocks classics of the prior art. Moreover, these mechanical members are arranged at a distance from the fluid passage channels. Therefore, the manufacture of these blocks does not induce a significant increase in the risk of rupture. In addition, in use, these blocks have a robustness and a satisfactory life.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view, illustrating a heat exchanger according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a cutaway perspective view illustrating a block belonging to the exchanger of Figure 1;
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 is a longitudinal sectional view on a much larger scale, illustrating the junction zone between two blocks, respectively in a sealing configuration and in two leak configurations of one or the other of the two. fluids circulating in this exchanger.
  • FIG. 7 is a view from above, illustrating a heat exchange block belonging to a heat exchanger according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are top views, similar to FIG. 7, illustrating two configurations of leaks of one or the other of the two fluids circulating in the exchanger of this FIG. 7. Detailed description of the invention
  • the heat exchanger essentially comprises several heat exchange blocks 1 to 3, a bottom 4, a cover 5 and a peripheral envelope. 6.
  • the heat exchanger in the example there is shown three blocks stacked one above the other, it being understood that a different number of blocks can be provided.
  • the interfaces between the end faces facing these constituent elements are referenced, from top to bottom, 135, 123, 1 12 and 1 14.
  • the block 1 has a cylindrical shape of circular section. As a variant, it may be of different shape, in particular parallelepipedal, in particular cubic.
  • L1 its main or longitudinal axis, which is parallel to the main axis L of the exchanger. In a manner known per se, this block 1 is hollowed out with different channels, for the flow of two fluids intended to be put in mutual heat exchange.
  • first a first series of channels 10 parallel to the axis L1 said longitudinal channels, which open on the opposite end faces 1 1 and 1 1 'of the block.
  • two fluids are circulated in heat exchange, circulating respectively in the first and second series of channels. These channels are distant from each other, namely that they do not open into each other.
  • zone 14 said outlet of the longitudinal channels.
  • This zone 14 of circular shape, connects the outer edge of the peripheral longitudinal channels.
  • a similar outlet area, not shown, is associated with the other end face 11 '.
  • Each end face is hollowed by two concentric grooves, one of which 15 or 15 'is said radially inner and the other 16 or 16' radially outer.
  • Each inner groove 15 and 15 ' is formed outside the outlet area, namely that the inner edge of this groove is remote from the outlet of the peripheral channels.
  • the grooves 15, 15 ', 16 and 16' are adapted to form the seat of a sealing member, for example of the O-ring type. In the example shown, they have a section in the form of a circular arc. Nevertheless, they can adopt any other profile, specific to the reception of the aforementioned sealing member.
  • the block 1 is hollowed out of a duct 18, extending generally along the direction L1, which opens on the end faces 1 1 and 1 1 'by connecting the two intermediate portions 17 and 17'. It may be provided to provide several ducts, similar to that 18, preferably angularly distributed regularly. Without limitation, the section of each conduit is between 0.1 and 50 mm (millimeters). In terms of manufacturing method, the channels 10 and 20 are dug in the usual way. The duct 18 is pierced according to a similar method, regardless of whether or not the ducts are made. Finally the different grooves 15, 15 ', 16 and 16' are provided by any appropriate means, again indifferently before or after the completion of the channels.
  • the bottom 4 is hollowed with an opening 41 for the entry of a first fluid into the channels 10. This input is placed in communication with a source of this fluid, which is located upstream and is not illustrated.
  • the lid 5 is hollowed out with an opening 51 intended for the outlet of the first fluid out of the channels 10. This outlet is placed in communication with a recovery tank, which is located downstream and is not illustrated.
  • the stack of blocks 1 to 3 is surrounded by means of an envelope 6 defining a receiving chamber, with the bottom and the cover.
  • this envelope has a flange 61, allowing its attachment to a plate 42, belonging to the bottom (see Figure 3). Similarly, it is provided with means for fixing it on the lid.
  • This envelope delimits, with the walls facing the blocks, a peripheral chamber 62 intended for the circulation of a second fluid, intended to be put in heat exchange with the first fluid in the blocks 1 to 3.
  • the casing is equipped with respective inlet tubing 63 and outlet 64 of the second fluid, placed in communication with a source and a recovery tank.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the stack between blocks 1 and 2.
  • Two O-rings J1 and J2 are received in the respective grooves 15 and 25 ', as well as 16 and 26'.
  • the front faces 1 1 and 21 'of the blocks are arranged opposite, providing functional interstices 11 and 12, the thickness of which has been enlarged in the drawing for the sake of clarity.
  • a spacer space E said confinement, is provided between the facing walls belonging to sections 17 and 27 ', as well as joints J1 and J2.
  • This space is annular, in that it extends over the entire periphery of the interface 1 12.
  • the stack between the block 1 and the bottom 4 is similar to the stack described above between the two blocks 1 and 2.
  • the bottom 4 further hollowed out of an evacuation tunnel 43, connecting the annular space E 'and the outside of the enclosure.
  • the outlet of this tunnel is noted 44 on the outer front face of the cover.
  • the walls of this outlet receive the first end of a pipe 70, of any suitable type, the other end cooperates with a detection member 80.
  • the latter is able to transmit a signal to the operator via an alarm 82 , when it detects the arrival of one or the other of the two fluids flowing in the different blocks 1 to 3.
  • This signal can be of any appropriate nature, in particular sound, visual or electronic.
  • the first fluid put in heat exchange is admitted through the inlet opening 41, flows successively into the channels 10, 20 and 30, before being discharged through the outlet opening 51.
  • the second fluid is admitted by the inlet pipe 63, flows in the channels 12, 22 and 32, before being discharged through the outlet pipe 64. These flows are indicated by arrows in dashed and mixed lines, respectively, in FIG. .
  • FIG. 4 more particularly illustrates the flow of the fluids between the blocks 1 and 2, it being understood that this flow is similar between the other blocks 2 and 3, between the block 1 and the bottom, as well as between the block 3 and the lid.
  • these fluids infiltrate into the respective interstices 11 and 12, they come into contact with the J1 and J2 joints.
  • the joints J1 and J2 are functional so that they prevent the passage of fluids towards the annular space and that there is no mixing between these fluids.
  • the first fluid is then discharged from the enclosure, via the pipe 70, towards the detection member 80.
  • the latter then activates the alarm 82, which indicates to the operator that he must stop walking. of the installation.
  • the operator is further informed of the nature of the fluid thus evacuated, so that it can proceed to a detailed replacement of the first seal J1.
  • This second fluid is then directed via the conduit 18, the tunnel 43 and the pipe 70, to the detection member.
  • the operator is alerted to the malfunction, so that it stops the implementation of the installation and proceeds to replace this second seal J2.
  • the leakage of one or the other fluid occurs at the interface between the upper block 3 and the lid 5, the fluid is sucked successively along the lines 38, 28 and 18, before being evacuated via the tunnel 43. If this leakage occurs at the interface between the two blocks 2 and 3, the fluid is sucked successively along the lines 28 and 18, before being discharged via the tunnel 43. Finally if this leak occurs at the interface between the lower block 1 and the bottom 4, the fluid is directly discharged via the tunnel 43.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a heat exchange block 201 belonging to a heat exchanger according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the mechanical elements similar to those of the preceding figures are assigned the same reference numbers, increased by 200.
  • the block 201 of FIG. 7 differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 6, first of all in that it is rectangular in shape, but also in that the two series of channels are parallel and open on the front faces of each block, of which only one 21 1 is referenced in this figure. There is therefore first of all the first series of channels 210, similar to those of the previous figures.
  • the second series is also formed of longitudinal channels 212, as opposed to the transverse channels 12 of the preceding figures. These different channels 210 and 212 are substantially parallel, namely that they do not open into each other.
  • two fluids are circulated in heat exchange, circulating respectively in the first and second series of channels. These two fluids are of the same nature as those described above.
  • the channels are formed by parallel rows, arranged alternately in plan view. Three rows R1 to R3 of first channels 210 are thus found, as well as two rows R'1 and R'2 of second channels 212.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the different areas of opening of the longitudinal channels, either DR1 to DR3 for the rows of the first series and DR'1, DR'2 for the rows of the second series. Each zone, of rectangular shape, extends around the perimeter of a respective row of channels.
  • the front face 21 1 is hollowed with rectangular grooves, said inner, each of which extends outside a corresponding outlet area.
  • the different internal grooves receive respective sealing members, JR1 to JR3, and JR'1 and JR'2, which are for example similar to that J1 of the first embodiment.
  • This front face 21 1 is further hollowed out of a rectangular peripheral groove, called outside, which surrounds the various interior gorges mentioned above.
  • This outer groove receives a sealing member JP, which is for example similar to that J2 of the first embodiment.
  • these contiguous blocks define a confinement space E201, similar to that E of the previous figures.
  • This space is delimited by the facing faces belonging to the section 217 and to the unrepresented section of the contiguous block, as well as by the joints JP, JR1 to JR3, as well as JR'1 and JR'2.
  • other confinement spaces are advantageously formed by the facing walls of the other contiguous blocks, by the facing walls of the bottom and of the block which is contiguous thereto, as well as by the walls opposite the cover and block adjoining it.
  • the inner seals are functional, so that they prevent the passage of fluids towards the confinement space and that there is no mixing between these fluids.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The exchanger comprises an enclosure having a bottom (5), a cover (4) and a peripheral casing (6), at least one block (1-3) disposed between the bottom and the cover, each block comprising a body, longitudinal channels (10) and transverse channels (12). At at least one of the interfaces (112, 114, 123, 135) between two opposite front faces belonging to the cover and to the block adjacent thereto, to the bottom and to the block adjacent thereto, or optionally to two contiguous blocks, a so-called radially inner peripheral seal (J1, J'1) is provided, extending radially outside the area (14) of the openings of the longitudinal channels, and a so-called radially outer peripheral seal (J2, J'2) defining, with the inner peripheral seal and the opposite front faces, an annular space (E, E') for containing a possible leak of one or the other fluid. This provides improved sealing, in particular compared to solutions that use a single seal between said two flows. The effectiveness of each seal is improved, while increasing the service life of same. Finally, the operator can be warned, in a substantially immediate manner, in the event of a malfunction of one of the seals.

Description

ECHANGEUR DE CHALEUR A BLOCS, SON PROCEDE DE MISE EN OEUVRE ET BLOC D'ECHANGE THERMIQUE APPARTENANT A UN TEL ECHANGEUR  BLOCK HEAT EXCHANGER, ITS IMPLEMENTATION METHOD AND THERMAL EXCHANGE BLOCK BELONGING TO SUCH AN EXCHANGER
Domaine technique de l'invention Technical field of the invention
L'invention concerne le domaine technique des échangeurs de chaleur à blocs. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un tel échangeur de chaleur à blocs, qui est équipé de moyens permettant d'identifier une éventuelle fuite de l'un des fluides circulant dans cet échangeur. Etat de la technique The invention relates to the technical field of block heat exchangers. It relates more particularly to such a block heat exchanger, which is equipped with means for identifying a possible leak of one of the fluids circulating in this exchanger. State of the art
On connaît de nombreux types d'échangeurs de chaleur, parmi lesquels on citera entre autres les échangeurs à plaques, à tubes ou encore à ailettes. L'invention vise plus particulièrement un échangeur de chaleur du type à blocs, comprenant une enceinte dans laquelle est logé au moins un bloc d'échange thermique. De façon habituelle, cette enceinte reçoit plusieurs de ces blocs, qui sont empilés les uns sur les autres.  Numerous types of heat exchangers are known, among which there will be mentioned, inter alia, plate, tube or finned exchangers. The invention is more particularly directed to a block-type heat exchanger comprising an enclosure in which at least one heat exchange block is housed. Usually, this chamber receives several of these blocks, which are stacked on top of each other.
Chaque bloc est réalisé dans une matière thermiquement conductrice, comme du graphite éventuellement associé à des additifs, par exemple du type polymères. Ce bloc, qui peut être parallélépipédique ou cylindrique, est creusé de deux séries de canaux s'étendant perpendiculairement les uns aux autres. Ces canaux sont destinés à la circulation de deux fluides, en vue de leur mise en échange de chaleur mutuelle. De façon typique, le premier fluide est par exemple un acide, alors que le second fluide est un fluide caloporteur, notamment de l'eau.  Each block is made of a thermally conductive material, such as graphite possibly combined with additives, for example of the polymer type. This block, which may be parallelepipedal or cylindrical, is hollowed out of two series of channels extending perpendicularly to each other. These channels are intended for the circulation of two fluids, in order to put them in exchange for mutual heat. Typically, the first fluid is for example an acid, while the second fluid is a coolant, especially water.
Il existe deux modes constructifs principaux, pour la réalisation des blocs d'échange thermique ci-dessus. Selon un premier mode, les premiers canaux sont longitudinaux et débouchent sur les faces frontales du corps, alors que les seconds canaux sont transversaux et débouchent sur les faces transversales opposées du corps. Dans un mode constructif alternatif, à la fois les premiers et les seconds canaux sont longitudinaux et débouchent sur les faces frontales du corps. Les faces frontales en regard, appartenant à deux blocs empilés contigus, sont en appui mutuel. Par ailleurs, les blocs d'extrémité sont respectivement placés contre le fond et le couvercle de cette enceinte. Cette dernière est enfin équipée de différentes tubulures, permettant l'alimentation des fluides dans les deux séries de canaux, ainsi que leur évacuation hors de ces canaux. Des échangeurs de chaleur à bloc sont par exemple connus de EP-A-0 196 548, ou encore de WO-A-2006/081965.  There are two main constructive modes, for the realization of the heat exchange blocks above. In a first mode, the first channels are longitudinal and open on the front faces of the body, while the second channels are transverse and open on the opposite transverse faces of the body. In an alternative construction mode, both the first and second channels are longitudinal and open on the front faces of the body. The facing faces, belonging to two contiguous stacked blocks, are in mutual support. Moreover, the end blocks are respectively placed against the bottom and the cover of this enclosure. The latter is finally equipped with different tubings, allowing the supply of fluids in the two series of channels, and their evacuation out of these channels. Block heat exchangers are for example known from EP-A-0 196 548, or from WO-A-2006/081965.
On conçoit que le problème technique de l'étanchéité revêt une importance toute particulière dans ce type d'échangeurs. En effet s'il se produit une fuite de l'un des deux fluides circulant dans les canaux, il y a un risque de mélange entre ces fluides. Cette fuite induit à tout le moins une perte économique puisque les fluides mis en contact mutuel ne sont plus utilisables, voire un risque matériel et humain si le mélange entre les fluides est dangereux, notamment s'il est explosif. It is understood that the technical problem of sealing is of particular importance in this type of exchanger. Indeed if there is a leak of one of the two fluids circulating in the channels, there is a risk of mixing between these fluids. This leakage induces at least an economic loss since the fluids put in contact with each other are no longer usable, or even a material and human risk if the mixing between the fluids is dangerous, especially if it is explosive.
On a déjà proposé différentes solutions, visant à surveiller la bonne étanchéité entre les fluides circulant dans des échangeurs de chaleur. On citera notamment les documents suivants : WO-A-2005/1 19197, DE-A-195 01 467 ou encore DE-A-433 13 14. Ces différents agencements ne sont cependant pas applicables à des échangeurs à blocs, du moins de façon immédiate. Various solutions have already been proposed for monitoring the good sealing between fluids circulating in heat exchangers. The following documents can notably be cited: WO-A-2005/1 19197, DE-A-195 01 467 or DE-A-433 13 14. These different arrangements are however not applicable to block exchangers, at least immediate way.
Enfin on connaît, de FR 1 421 491 et FR 1 465 780, un échangeur de chaleur formé d'au moins deux blocs, dont chacun est creusé de différents canaux. Ces canaux sont répartis selon des lignes concentriques, deux lignes adjacentes étant séparées par un joint d'étanchéité respectif. Un tel agencement n'est cependant pas totalement satisfaisant, à l'égard des problématiques d'étanchéité. En effet, il ne permet pas de confiner une éventuelle fuite, ni de signaler de manière simple et rapide l'occurrence d'une telle fuite à un opérateur. Cela étant précisé, un but de la présente invention est de fournir un échangeur thermique à blocs qui présente une étanchéité améliorée par rapport aux échangeurs de même type, connus de l'état de la technique. Finally, there is known, from FR 1 421 491 and FR 1 465 780, a heat exchanger formed of at least two blocks, each of which is hollowed out with different channels. These channels are distributed in concentric lines, two adjacent lines being separated by a respective seal. Such an arrangement is however not entirely satisfactory, with regard to sealing problems. In fact, it does not make it possible to confine a possible leak, nor to signal in a simple and fast way the occurrence of such a leak to an operator. That being said, an object of the present invention is to provide a block heat exchanger which has improved sealing compared to exchangers of the same type, known from the state of the art.
Un autre but de la présente invention est de fournir un tel échangeur thermique, qui permet une surveillance efficace de l'étanchéité entre les deux fluides circulant dans les canaux de cet échangeur. Another object of the present invention is to provide such a heat exchanger, which allows effective monitoring of the seal between the two fluids circulating in the channels of this exchanger.
Un autre but de la présente invention est de fournir un tel échangeur thermique, qui présente une structure relativement simple et qui peut être fabriqué sans risque particulier de rupture mécanique, notamment vis à vis des canaux creusés dans les blocs appartenant à cet échangeur. Another object of the present invention is to provide such a heat exchanger, which has a relatively simple structure and which can be manufactured without particular risk of mechanical failure, particularly with respect to channels dug in the blocks belonging to this exchanger.
Objet de l'invention Object of the invention
Un objet de la présente invention est un échangeur thermique comprenant  An object of the present invention is a heat exchanger comprising
- une enceinte possédant un fond, un couvercle et une enveloppe périphérique, an enclosure having a bottom, a cover and a peripheral envelope,
- au moins un bloc disposé entre le fond et le couvercle, chaque bloc comprenant un corps, des premiers canaux dits longitudinaux, ménagés dans ce corps selon une direction longitudinale du bloc, qui débouchent sur deux faces frontales opposées du corps, at least one block disposed between the bottom and the cover, each block comprising a body, first longitudinal channels formed in this body according to a longitudinal direction of the block, which open on two opposite end faces of the body,
l'échangeur comprenant en outre des premiers moyens d'entrée d'un premier fluide dans les premiers canaux, des seconds moyens d'entrée d'un second fluide dans les seconds canaux, des premiers moyens de sortie du premier fluide hors des premiers canaux, des seconds moyens de sortie du second fluide hors des seconds canaux, des moyens d'étanchéité entre les premier et second fluides, the exchanger further comprising first input means of a first fluid in the first channels, second input means of a second fluid in the second channels, first output means of the first fluid out of the first channels; second means for outputting the second fluid from the second channels, sealing means between the first and second fluids,
ledit échangeur étant caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'étanchéité comprennent, à au moins une interface parmi les interfaces entre deux faces frontales en regard appartenant au couvercle et au bloc qui lui est adjacent, au fond et au bloc qui lui est adjacent, éventuellement à deux blocs contigus, au moins un joint périphérique dit radialement intérieur, chaque joint intérieur s'étendant radialement à l'extérieur de la zone des débouchés d'au moins une partie des canaux longitudinaux, et un joint périphérique dit radialement extérieur définissant, avec le ou les joint(s) périphérique(s) intérieur(s) et les faces frontales en regard, un espace de confinement d'une fuite éventuelle de l'un ou l'autre fluide. said exchanger being characterized in that the sealing means comprise at least one of the interfaces between two facing faces belonging to the cover and to the block which is adjacent to it, to the bottom and to the block which is adjacent to it; with two contiguous blocks, at least one radially inner peripheral seal, each inner seal extending radially outside the zone of the outlets of at least a portion of the longitudinal channels, and a radially outer peripheral seal defining, with the peripheral joint (s) (s) and the opposite end faces, a confinement space of a possible leak of one or the other fluid.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'échangeur conforme à l'invention : According to other characteristics of the exchanger according to the invention:
les seconds canaux sont transversaux et il est prévu un unique joint radialement intérieur s'étendant radialement à l'extérieur de la zone des débouchés des canaux longitudinaux, l'espace de confinement étant de forme annulaire ;  the second channels are transverse and there is provided a single radially inner seal extending radially outside the region of the outlets of the longitudinal channels, the confinement space being of annular shape;
les seconds canaux sont également longitudinaux et il est prévu au moins un premier joint radialement intérieur, chaque premier joint intérieur s'étendant à l'extérieur de la zone des débouchés d'au moins une partie des premiers canaux longitudinaux, ainsi qu'au moins un second joint radialement intérieur, chaque second joint intérieur s'étendant à l'extérieur de la zone des débouchés d'au moins une partie des seconds canaux longitudinaux ;  the second channels are also longitudinal and there is at least one first radially inner seal, each first inner seal extending outside the outlet area of at least a portion of the first longitudinal channels, and at least one a second radially inner seal, each second inner seal extending outside the outlet area of at least a portion of the second longitudinal channels;
les premiers et seconds canaux longitudinaux sont disposés selon une succession de rangées alternées, la zone des débouchés de chaque rangée étant entourée par un joint radialement intérieur respectif ;  the first and second longitudinal channels are arranged in a succession of alternating rows, the area of outlets of each row being surrounded by a respective radially inner seal;
les moyens d'étanchéité comprennent ledit au moins un joint périphérique intérieur et ledit joint périphérique extérieur, à toutes les interfaces entre deux blocs contigus ;  the sealing means comprise said at least one inner peripheral seal and said outer peripheral seal at all interfaces between two adjacent blocks;
les moyens d'étanchéité comprennent ledit au moins un joint périphérique intérieur et ledit joint périphérique extérieur, à l'ensemble desdites interfaces ;  the sealing means comprise said at least one inner peripheral seal and said outer peripheral seal, to all of said interfaces;
l'échangeur comprend en outre des moyens de détection propres à détecter la présence d'au moins un parmi le premier et le second fluide, à l'intérieur d'au moins un espace annulaire de confinement ; l'échangeur comprend en outre une alarme propre à être activée par les moyens de détection ; the exchanger further comprises detection means adapted to detect the presence of at least one of the first and the second fluid, within at least one annular confinement space; the exchanger further comprises an alarm capable of being activated by the detection means;
l'échangeur comprend en outre des moyens d'évacuation propres à évacuer en dehors de l'enceinte ladite fuite éventuelle de l'un ou l'autre fluide, confinée dans au moins un espace annulaire ;  the exchanger further comprises evacuation means adapted to evacuate outside the enclosure said leakage of any fluid, confined in at least one annular space;
-les moyens d'évacuation sont mis en communication par le fluide avec les moyens de détection ;  the evacuation means are placed in communication by the fluid with the detection means;
les moyens de détection sont distants de l'enceinte et il est prévu un tuyau de liaison propre à raccorder ces moyens de détection et le débouché des moyens d'évacuation ;  the detection means are remote from the enclosure and there is provided a clean connecting pipe to connect these detection means and the outlet of the evacuation means;
les moyens d'évacuation comprennent au moins une conduite d'évacuation, chaque conduite d'évacuation étant ménagée dans un bloc respectif et reliant deux espaces de confinement adjacents ;  the evacuation means comprise at least one evacuation pipe, each evacuation pipe being formed in a respective block and connecting two adjacent confinement spaces;
les moyens d'évacuation comprennent un tunnel d'évacuation ménagé dans le fond et/ou le couvercle, lequel tunnel relie un espace de confinement et l'extérieur de l'enceinte ;  the evacuation means comprise an evacuation tunnel formed in the bottom and / or the cover, which tunnel connects a confinement space and the outside of the enclosure;
le joint est un joint torique reçu dans des gorges ménagées respectivement sur les deux faces frontales en regard. Un autre objet de la présente invention est un procédé de mise en oeuvre d'un échangeur tel que ci-dessus, dans lequel on fait circuler les premier et second fluides dans les premiers et seconds canaux, de façon à les mettre en échange de chaleur, et on arrête la circulation d'au moins un fluide si on détecte la présence dudit fluide dans au moins un espace annulaire de confinement.  the seal is an O-ring received in grooves formed respectively on the two facing faces. Another object of the present invention is a method of implementing an exchanger as above, in which the first and second fluids are circulated in the first and second channels, so as to put them in exchange for heat. and the circulation of at least one fluid is stopped if the presence of said fluid is detected in at least one annular confinement space.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques du procédé conforme à l'invention : According to other characteristics of the process according to the invention:
- on remplace au moins un joint intérieur si on détecte la présence du premier fluide dans au moins un espace annulaire de confinement ;  replacing at least one inner seal if the presence of the first fluid is detected in at least one annular confinement space;
- on remplace le joint extérieur si on détecte la présence du second fluide dans au moins un espace annulaire de confinement.  the outer seal is replaced if the presence of the second fluid is detected in at least one annular confinement space.
Un autre objet de la présente invention est un bloc d'échange thermique comprenant un corps, des premiers canaux dits longitudinaux, ménagés dans ce corps selon une direction longitudinale du bloc, qui débouchent sur deux faces frontales opposées du corps, des seconds canaux dits transversaux, ménagés dans ce corps selon une direction transversale du bloc, qui débouchent sur deux faces transversales opposées du corps, ledit bloc étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre, sur chaque face frontale, au moins un siège périphérique dit radialement intérieur qui s'étend radialement à l'extérieur de la zone des débouchés des canaux longitudinaux, ce siège étant adapté à la réception d'un premier joint d'étanchéité, Another object of the present invention is a heat exchange block comprising a body, said first longitudinal channels, formed in this body in a longitudinal direction of the block, which open on two opposite end faces of the body, said second transverse channels. , formed in this body in a transverse direction of the block, which open on two opposite transverse faces of the body, said block being characterized in that it further comprises, on each front face, at least one radially inner peripheral seat which extends radially outside the region of the outlets of the longitudinal channels, this seat being adapted to receive a first seal,
un siège périphérique dit radialement extérieur adapté à la réception d'un second joint d'étanchéité, ce siège périphérique extérieur définissant avec le siège périphérique intérieur un tronçon intermédiaire annulaire a radially outer peripheral seat adapted to receive a second seal, this outer peripheral seat defining with the inner peripheral seat an annular intermediate section
et en ce qu'au moins une conduite d'évacuation relie les faces frontales opposées et débouche sur les deux tronçons annulaires opposés. and in that at least one discharge pipe connects the opposite end faces and opens on the two opposite annular sections.
L'invention permet d'atteindre les objectifs précédemment mentionnés. Un échangeur de chaleur, du type visé par l'invention, délimite un certain nombre d'interfaces, entre les faces frontales en regard de ses éléments constitutifs. On retrouve par conséquent une première interface entre le couvercle et le bloc qui lui est adjacent, une interface opposée entre le fond et le bloc adjacent, ainsi que d'éventuelles interfaces supplémentaires entre chaque paire de blocs contigus.  The invention achieves the previously mentioned objectives. A heat exchanger, of the type targeted by the invention, delimits a certain number of interfaces, between the end faces opposite its constituent elements. There is therefore a first interface between the cover and the block adjacent thereto, an opposite interface between the bottom and the adjacent block, and any additional interfaces between each pair of contiguous blocks.
L'invention permet d'atteindre les objectifs précédemment mentionnés. Un échangeur de chaleur, du type visé par l'invention, délimite un certain nombre d'interfaces, entre les faces frontales en regard de ses éléments constitutifs. On retrouve par conséquent une première interface entre le couvercle et le bloc qui lui est adjacent, une interface opposée entre le fond et le bloc adjacent, ainsi que d'éventuelles interfaces supplémentaires entre chaque paire de blocs contigus. The invention achieves the previously mentioned objectives. A heat exchanger, of the type targeted by the invention, delimits a certain number of interfaces, between the end faces opposite its constituent elements. There is therefore a first interface between the cover and the block adjacent thereto, an opposite interface between the bottom and the adjacent block, and any additional interfaces between each pair of contiguous blocks.
L'invention vise deux types principaux d'échangeurs de chaleur. Selon un premier mode constructif, seuls les premiers canaux, destinés à la circulation d'un premier fluide, dit fluide de procédé, sont longitudinaux et débouchent sur les faces frontales de chaque bloc. En revanche les seconds canaux, destinés à la circulation du fluide caloporteur, sont transversaux et débouchent sur les faces latérales de chaque bloc. Dans ce cas, le ou les joint(s) intérieur(s) entoure(nt) seulement le débouché des premiers canaux, au niveau des faces frontales. Il est typiquement prévu un joint intérieur unique, formant un espace de confinement annulaire avec le joint extérieur. The invention relates to two main types of heat exchangers. According to a first constructive mode, only the first channels, intended for the circulation of a first fluid, called process fluid, are longitudinal and open on the front faces of each block. On the other hand, the second channels, intended for the circulation of the coolant, are transverse and open on the lateral faces of each block. In this case, the seal (s) inside (s) surrounds (only) the outlet of the first channels, at the front faces. It is typically provided with a single inner seal, forming an annular containment space with the outer seal.
Selon un mode constructif alternatif, à la fois les premiers et les seconds canaux sont longitudinaux et débouchent sur les faces frontales de chaque bloc. Dans ce cas, il est prévu au moins deux joints intérieurs, dont l'un entoure le débouché des premiers canaux et l'autre le débouché des seconds canaux. On peut prévoir un nombre supérieur de joints intérieurs, en fonction de l'agencement des différents canaux. Dans le cas typique d'une succession de rangées alternées entre les premiers et les seconds canaux, on prévoit un nombre de joints intérieurs, correspondant au nombre de rangées. L'invention assure l'étanchéité entre les deux fluides mis en échange de chaleur, tout d'abord grâce au(x) joint(s) intérieur(s). En cas de dysfonctionnement de ce(s) joint(s) intérieur(s), la fuite éventuelle de fluide est confinée du fait de la présence du joint extérieur. Ce double degré de sécurité est prévu sur au moins une des interfaces listées ci-dessus, en particulier sur toutes les interfaces entre chaque paire de blocs contigus, de préférence sur l'ensemble des interfaces listées ci-dessus. Ceci confère une étanchéité et une sécurité améliorée(s), en particulier par comparaison avec des solutions faisant intervenir un joint unique entre ces deux flux. According to an alternative constructive mode, both the first and second channels are longitudinal and open on the front faces of each block. In this case, there are provided at least two inner seals, one of which surrounds the outlet of the first channels and the other the outlet of the second channels. A greater number of inner seals may be provided depending on the arrangement of the different channels. In the typical case of a succession of alternating rows between the first and second channels, there is provided a number of internal joints, corresponding to the number of rows. The invention ensures the seal between the two fluids put in heat exchange, firstly thanks to the (x) seal (s) interior (s). In case of malfunction of this (s) internal seal (s), the possible leakage of fluid is confined because of the presence of the outer seal. This double degree of security is provided on at least one of the interfaces listed above, in particular on all the interfaces between each pair of contiguous blocks, preferably on all the interfaces listed above. This provides improved sealing and safety, in particular by comparison with solutions involving a single seal between these two streams.
A cet égard on soulignera que, dans l'échangeur objet de FR 1 421 491 et FR 1 465 780, on retrouve un unique joint s'étendant à l'extérieur de la zone des débouchés. En d'autres termes, tous les couples de joints de cet échangeur délimitent des espaces où débouchent des canaux de passage normal de fluide. Par conséquent, cet échangeur ne définit pas d'espace de confinement d'une éventuelle fuite. In this respect, it will be emphasized that in the exchanger object of FR 1 421 491 and FR 1 465 780 there is a single seal extending outside the zone of the outlets. In other words, all the pairs of joints of this exchanger delimit spaces where open channels of normal fluid passage. Therefore, this exchanger does not define a confinement space of a possible leak.
L'invention permet en outre d'avertir l'opérateur de façon sensiblement immédiate, en cas de dysfonctionnement de l'un des joints d'étanchéité. En fonction de la nature du fluide, confiné dans l'espace annulaire puis évacué hors de l'échangeur, l'opérateur sait lequel des deux joints est hors d'usage. Il peut alors procéder au remplacement circonstancié de ce joint défectueux, avant de relancer la mise en oeuvre de l'installation. The invention also makes it possible to warn the operator in a substantially immediate manner, in the event of malfunction of one of the seals. Depending on the nature of the fluid, confined in the annular space and then discharged out of the exchanger, the operator knows which of the two seals is out of use. He can proceed to the detailed replacement of this faulty seal, before restarting the implementation of the installation.
On notera que l'invention permet de s'affranchir sensiblement de tout risque de mise en contact entre les deux fluides. En effet, une telle mise en contact se produit uniquement dans le cas, fortement improbable en pratique, où les deux joints passent de façon simultanée d'un état fonctionnel à un état défectueux. Dans le cas le plus courant, un seul de ces joints devient hors d'usage alors que l'autre reste opérationnel. L'opérateur en est averti sans délai, arrête l'écoulement des fluides et remplace le joint défectueux. It should be noted that the invention substantially eliminates any risk of contact between the two fluids. Indeed, such contacting occurs only in the case, highly improbable in practice, where the two joints pass simultaneously from a functional state to a defective state. In the most common case, only one of these joints becomes out of use while the other remains operational. The operator is notified without delay, stops the flow of fluids and replaces the defective seal.
Par conséquent, l'échangeur de l'invention est tout particulièrement adapté à la mise en échange de chaleur entre deux fluides à forte criticité. On citera par exemple le cas où l'un des deux fluides présente une haute pureté, de sorte qu'il n'accepte aucune contamination, ou encore le cas où le mélange entre ces fluides peut entraîner une explosion ou une émission de gaz nocif. Therefore, the exchanger of the invention is particularly suitable for the exchange of heat between two fluids with high criticality. For example, the case where one of the two fluids has a high purity, so that it does not accept any contamination, or the case where the mixture between these fluids can cause an explosion or emission of harmful gas.
Enfin, les blocs appartenant à l'échangeur conforme à l'invention présentent un faible nombre d'organes mécaniques supplémentaires, par comparaison avec les blocs classiques de l'art antérieur. Par ailleurs ces organes mécaniques sont ménagés à distance des canaux de passage des fluides. Par conséquent, la fabrication de ces blocs n'induit pas une augmentation significative des risques de rupture. De plus, en service, ces blocs présentent une robustesse et une durée de vie satisfaisantes. Finally, the blocks belonging to the exchanger according to the invention have a small number of additional mechanical members, compared to the blocks classics of the prior art. Moreover, these mechanical members are arranged at a distance from the fluid passage channels. Therefore, the manufacture of these blocks does not induce a significant increase in the risk of rupture. In addition, in use, these blocks have a robustness and a satisfactory life.
Description des figures Description of figures
L'invention va être décrite ci-après, en référence aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemple non limitatif, dans lesquels :  The invention will be described below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting example, in which:
La figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale, illustrant un échangeur thermique conforme à l'invention ;  Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view, illustrating a heat exchanger according to the invention;
La figure 2 est une vue en perspective avec arrachements, illustrant un bloc appartenant à l'échangeur de la figure 1 ;  Figure 2 is a cutaway perspective view illustrating a block belonging to the exchanger of Figure 1;
La figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale, analogue à la figure 1 , illustrant plus en détail une extrémité longitudinale de l'échangeur thermique conforme à l'invention ; et Les figures 4 à 6 est une vue en coupe longitudinale à bien plus grande échelle, illustrant la zone de jonction entre deux blocs, respectivement dans une configuration d'étanchéité et dans deux configurations de fuites de l'un ou l'autre des deux fluides circulant dans cet échangeur.  Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view, similar to Figure 1, illustrating in more detail a longitudinal end of the heat exchanger according to the invention; and FIGS. 4 to 6 is a longitudinal sectional view on a much larger scale, illustrating the junction zone between two blocks, respectively in a sealing configuration and in two leak configurations of one or the other of the two. fluids circulating in this exchanger.
La figure 7 est une vue de dessus, illustrant un bloc d'échange thermique appartenant à un échangeur thermique conforme à une variante de réalisation de l'invention.  FIG. 7 is a view from above, illustrating a heat exchange block belonging to a heat exchanger according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Les figures 8 et 9 sont des vues de dessus, analogues à la figure 7, illustrant deux configurations de fuites de l'un ou l'autre des deux fluides circulant dans l'échangeur de cette figure 7. Description détaillée de l'invention  FIGS. 8 and 9 are top views, similar to FIG. 7, illustrating two configurations of leaks of one or the other of the two fluids circulating in the exchanger of this FIG. 7. Detailed description of the invention
Les signes de référence suivants sont utilisés sur les figures :  The following reference signs are used in the figures:
1 -3 Blocs d'échange thermique 6 Enveloppe 1 -3 Heat Exchange Blocks 6 Envelope
4 Fond 61 Rebord de 6  4 Bottom 61 Edge of 6
5 Couvercle 62 Chambre de 6  5 Lid 62 Bedroom of 6
1 12 Interface entre 1 et 2 63,64 Tubulures de 6  1 12 Interface between 1 and 2 63,64 Tubing of 6
1 14 Interface entre 1 et 4 J1 ,J2 Joints entre 1 et 2  1 14 Interface between 1 and 4 J1, J2 Joints between 1 and 2
123 Interface entre 2 et 3 11 ,12 Interstices fonctionnels  123 Interface between 2 and 3 11, 12 Functional interstices
135 Interface entre 3 et 5 J'1 ,J'2 Joints entre 1 et 4  135 Interface between 3 and 5 J'1, J'2 Joints between 1 and 4
L Axe principal de l'échangeur Ε,Ε' Espaces de confinement Main axis of the exchanger Ε, Ε Containment areas
L1 Axe principal bu bloc 1 80 Organe de détection L1 Main axis bu block 1 80 Detection device
10 Canaux longitudinaux de 1 82 Alarme  10 Longitudinal channels of 1 82 Alarm
1 1 ,1 1 ' Faces frontales de 1 201 Bloc d'échange thermique 1 1, 1 1 'Front faces of 1 201 Heat exchange block
12 Canaux transversaux de 1 210 1 ers canaux de 201 12 Transverse channels of 1,210 1st channels of 201
13,13' Faces transversales de 1 21 1 Face frontale de 1  13,13 'Transverse faces of 1 21 1 Front face of 1
14 Zone des débouchés de 10 212 2nds canaux de 201  14 Zone of outlets of 10 212 2nds channels of 201
15,15' Gorges intérieures de 10 R1 -R3 Rangées canaux 210 16,16' Gorges extérieures de 10 R'1 ,R'2 Rangées canaux 212 15,15 'Inner gorges of 10 R1 -R3 Rows of channels 210 16,16 'External gorges of 10 R'1, R'2 Rows 212 channels
17,17' Tronçons annulaires DR1 -DR3 Zone débouchés de R1 -R3 17,17 'Ring segments DR1 -DR3 Outlets area of R1 -R3
18,28,38 Conduits DR'1 -DR'2 Zone débouchés de R'1 -R'218,28,38 Conduits DR'1 -DR'2 Outlets area of R'1 -R'2
41 Ouverture de 4 JR1 -JR3 Joints de R1 -R3 41 Opening of 4 JR1 -JR3 Gaskets of R1 -R3
42 Plaque de 4 JR'1 -JR'2 Joints de R'1 -R'2  42 Plate of 4 JR'1 -JR'2 Seals of R'1 -R'2
43 Tunnel 217 Tronçon intermédiaire  43 Tunnel 217 Intermediate section
44 Débouché de 43 218 Conduit  44 Opened 43 218 Conduit
51 Ouverture de 5 E201 Espace de confinement  51 Opening of 5 E201 Containment area
Comme illustré notamment sur la figure 1 , l'échangeur de chaleur conforme à un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention comprend essentiellement plusieurs blocs d'échange thermique 1 à 3, un fond 4, un couvercle 5, ainsi qu'une enveloppe périphérique 6. Dans l'exemple on a représenté trois blocs empilés les uns au dessus des autres, étant entendu qu'un nombre différents de blocs peut être prévu. Les interfaces entre les faces frontales en regard de ces éléments constitutifs sont référencées, du haut vers le bas, 135, 123, 1 12 et 1 14. As illustrated in particular in FIG. 1, the heat exchanger according to a first embodiment of the invention essentially comprises several heat exchange blocks 1 to 3, a bottom 4, a cover 5 and a peripheral envelope. 6. In the example there is shown three blocks stacked one above the other, it being understood that a different number of blocks can be provided. The interfaces between the end faces facing these constituent elements are referenced, from top to bottom, 135, 123, 1 12 and 1 14.
Dans ce qui suit, on va décrire plus particulièrement la structure du bloc 1 , étant entendu que les blocs 2 et 3 présentent une structure similaire. Les éléments mécaniques de ces blocs 2 et 3 analogues à ceux du bloc 1 sont affectés des mêmes numéros de référence, le préfixe « 1 » étant remplacé respectivement par « 2 » ou « 3 ». Ces différents blocs sont réalisés en tout matériau approprié, connu de l'état de la technique, comme par exemple en graphite.  In what follows, we will describe more particularly the structure of the block 1, it being understood that the blocks 2 and 3 have a similar structure. The mechanical elements of these blocks 2 and 3 similar to those of block 1 are assigned the same reference numbers, the prefix "1" being replaced respectively by "2" or "3". These different blocks are made of any suitable material, known from the state of the art, such as graphite.
Comme le montre notamment la figure 2, le bloc 1 présente une forme cylindrique, de section circulaire. A titre de variante, il peut être de forme différente, notamment parallélépipédique, en particulier cubique. On note L1 son axe principal ou longitudinal, qui est parallèle à l'axe principal L de l'échangeur. De façon connue en soi, ce bloc 1 est creusé de différents canaux, en vue de l'écoulement de deux fluides destinés à être mis en échange de chaleur mutuel. As shown in particular in Figure 2, the block 1 has a cylindrical shape of circular section. As a variant, it may be of different shape, in particular parallelepipedal, in particular cubic. We denote L1 its main or longitudinal axis, which is parallel to the main axis L of the exchanger. In a manner known per se, this block 1 is hollowed out with different channels, for the flow of two fluids intended to be put in mutual heat exchange.
On retrouve tout d'abord une première série de canaux 10 parallèles à l'axe L1 , dits canaux longitudinaux, qui débouchent sur les faces frontales opposées 1 1 et 1 1 ' du bloc. Par ailleurs une deuxième série de canaux transversaux 12, s'étendant de façon oblique, notamment perpendiculaire à l'axe L1 , débouchent sur les faces transversales opposées 13 et 13' du bloc. En service on met en échange thermique deux fluides, circulant respectivement dans les première et deuxième séries de canaux. Ces canaux sont distants les uns des autres, à savoir qu'ils ne débouchent pas les uns dans les autres. There is first a first series of channels 10 parallel to the axis L1, said longitudinal channels, which open on the opposite end faces 1 1 and 1 1 'of the block. Furthermore a second series of transverse channels 12, extending obliquely, in particular perpendicular to the axis L1, open on the opposite transverse faces 13 and 13 'of the block. In operation, two fluids are circulated in heat exchange, circulating respectively in the first and second series of channels. These channels are distant from each other, namely that they do not open into each other.
On a illustré en traits pointillés, sur la face frontale 1 1 , la zone 14 dite de débouché des canaux longitudinaux. Cette zone 14, de forme circulaire, relie le bord extérieur des canaux longitudinaux périphériques. Une zone de débouché similaire, non représentée, est associée à l'autre face frontale 1 1 '. Dotted lines, on the front face 1 1, illustrated the zone 14 said outlet of the longitudinal channels. This zone 14, of circular shape, connects the outer edge of the peripheral longitudinal channels. A similar outlet area, not shown, is associated with the other end face 11 '.
Chaque face frontale est creusée de deux gorges concentriques, dont l'une 15 ou 15' est dite radialement intérieure et l'autre 16 ou 16' radialement extérieure. Chaque gorge intérieure 15 et 15' est ménagée à l'extérieur de la zone de débouché, à savoir que le bord intérieur de cette gorge est distant du débouché des canaux périphériques. Each end face is hollowed by two concentric grooves, one of which 15 or 15 'is said radially inner and the other 16 or 16' radially outer. Each inner groove 15 and 15 'is formed outside the outlet area, namely that the inner edge of this groove is remote from the outlet of the peripheral channels.
Les gorges 15, 15', 16 et 16' sont adaptées pour former le siège d'un organe d'étanchéité, par exemple du type joint torique. Dans l'exemple illustré, elles présentent une section en forme d'arc de cercle. Néanmoins, elles peuvent adopter tout autre profil, propre à la réception de l'organe d'étanchéité précité. On note 17 et 17' les deux tronçons intermédiaires annulaires, définis par les bords en regard des gorges intérieures et extérieures. The grooves 15, 15 ', 16 and 16' are adapted to form the seat of a sealing member, for example of the O-ring type. In the example shown, they have a section in the form of a circular arc. Nevertheless, they can adopt any other profile, specific to the reception of the aforementioned sealing member. There are 17 and 17 'the two annular intermediate sections, defined by the edges facing the inner and outer grooves.
Le bloc 1 est creusé d'un conduit 18, s'étendant globalement selon la direction L1 , qui débouche sur les faces frontales 1 1 et 1 1 ' en reliant les deux tronçons intermédiaires 17 et 17'. On peut prévoir de ménager plusieurs conduits, analogues à celui 18, de préférence répartis angulairement de façon régulière. A titre non limitatif, la section de chaque conduit est comprise entre 0.1 et 50 mm (millimètres). En termes de procédé de fabrication, les canaux 10 et 20 sont creusés de façon habituelle. Le conduit 18 est percé selon un procédé analogue, indifféremment avant ou après la réalisation des canaux. Enfin les différentes gorges 15, 15', 16 et 16' sont ménagées par tout moyen approprié, là encore indifféremment avant ou après la réalisation des canaux.  The block 1 is hollowed out of a duct 18, extending generally along the direction L1, which opens on the end faces 1 1 and 1 1 'by connecting the two intermediate portions 17 and 17'. It may be provided to provide several ducts, similar to that 18, preferably angularly distributed regularly. Without limitation, the section of each conduit is between 0.1 and 50 mm (millimeters). In terms of manufacturing method, the channels 10 and 20 are dug in the usual way. The duct 18 is pierced according to a similar method, regardless of whether or not the ducts are made. Finally the different grooves 15, 15 ', 16 and 16' are provided by any appropriate means, again indifferently before or after the completion of the channels.
A nouveau en référence à la figure 1 , le fond 4 est creusé d'une ouverture 41 destiné à l'entrée d'un premier fluide dans les canaux 10. Cette entrée est mise en communication avec une source de ce fluide, laquelle est située en amont et n'est pas illustrée. De façon analogue, le couvercle 5 est creusé d'une ouverture 51 destinée à la sortie du premier fluide hors des canaux 10. Cette sortie est mise en communication avec un réservoir de récupération, lequel est situé en aval et n'est pas illustré. Again with reference to Figure 1, the bottom 4 is hollowed with an opening 41 for the entry of a first fluid into the channels 10. This input is placed in communication with a source of this fluid, which is located upstream and is not illustrated. Similarly, the lid 5 is hollowed out with an opening 51 intended for the outlet of the first fluid out of the channels 10. This outlet is placed in communication with a recovery tank, which is located downstream and is not illustrated.
L'empilement des blocs 1 à 3 est entouré au moyen d'une enveloppe 6 définissant une enceinte de réception, avec le fond et le couvercle. De manière classique, cette enveloppe possède un rebord 61 , permettant sa fixation sur une plaque 42, appartenant au fond (voir figure 3). De façon analogue, elle est pourvue de moyens permettant sa fixation sur le couvercle.  The stack of blocks 1 to 3 is surrounded by means of an envelope 6 defining a receiving chamber, with the bottom and the cover. Conventionally, this envelope has a flange 61, allowing its attachment to a plate 42, belonging to the bottom (see Figure 3). Similarly, it is provided with means for fixing it on the lid.
Cette enveloppe délimite, avec les parois en regard des blocs, une chambre périphérique 62 destinée à la circulation d'un second fluide, destiné à être mis en échange de chaleur avec le premier fluide dans les blocs 1 à 3. A cet effet, l'enveloppe est équipée de tubulures respectives d'entrée 63 et de sortie 64 de ce second fluide, mises en communication avec une source et un réservoir de récupération. This envelope delimits, with the walls facing the blocks, a peripheral chamber 62 intended for the circulation of a second fluid, intended to be put in heat exchange with the first fluid in the blocks 1 to 3. For this purpose, the casing is equipped with respective inlet tubing 63 and outlet 64 of the second fluid, placed in communication with a source and a recovery tank.
Les différents éléments mécaniques, listés dans les trois derniers paragraphes, sont de type connu en soi. Par conséquent, ils ne seront pas décrits de façon plus détaillée dans ce qui suit.  The various mechanical elements, listed in the last three paragraphs, are of a type known per se. Therefore, they will not be described in more detail in the following.
La figure 4 illustre l'empilement entre les blocs 1 et 2. Deux joints toriques J1 et J2 sont reçus dans les gorges respectives 15 et 25', ainsi que 16 et 26'. Les faces frontales 1 1 et 21 ' des blocs sont disposées en regard, en ménageant des interstices fonctionnels 11 et 12, dont l'épaisseur a été agrandie sur le dessin à des fins de clarté. Figure 4 illustrates the stack between blocks 1 and 2. Two O-rings J1 and J2 are received in the respective grooves 15 and 25 ', as well as 16 and 26'. The front faces 1 1 and 21 'of the blocks are arranged opposite, providing functional interstices 11 and 12, the thickness of which has been enlarged in the drawing for the sake of clarity.
De plus, un espace intercalaire E, dit de confinement, est ménagé entre les parois en regard appartenant aux tronçons 17 et 27', ainsi qu'aux joints J1 et J2. Cet espace est annulaire, en ce qu'il s'étend sur toute la périphérie de l'interface 1 12. Les conduites 18 et 28, creusées dans les blocs 1 et 2, débouchent dans cet espace E. In addition, a spacer space E, said confinement, is provided between the facing walls belonging to sections 17 and 27 ', as well as joints J1 and J2. This space is annular, in that it extends over the entire periphery of the interface 1 12. The pipes 18 and 28, dug in the blocks 1 and 2, open into this space E.
Comme illustré sur la figure 3, l'empilement entre le bloc 1 et le fond 4 est analogue à l'empilement décrit ci-dessus entre les deux blocs 1 et 2. On retrouve deux joints toriques J'1 et J'2, intercalés entre les faces frontales en regard de ce bloc 1 et de ce fond 4. Ces joints et ces faces frontales délimitent un espace annulaire de confinement E', analogue à celui E ci-dessus. As illustrated in Figure 3, the stack between the block 1 and the bottom 4 is similar to the stack described above between the two blocks 1 and 2. There are two O-rings J'1 and J'2 interposed between the end faces facing this block 1 and the bottom 4. These seals and these end faces define an annular confinement space E ', similar to that E above.
Le fond 4 en outre creusé d'un tunnel d'évacuation 43, reliant l'espace annulaire E' et l'extérieur de l'enceinte. On note 44 le débouché de ce tunnel sur la face frontale extérieure du couvercle. Les parois de ce débouché reçoivent la première extrémité d'un tuyau 70, de tout type approprié, dont l'autre extrémité coopère avec un organe de détection 80. Ce dernier est apte à émettre un signal à l'opérateur, via une alarme 82, lorsqu'il détecte l'arrivée de l'un ou l'autre des deux fluides circulant dans les différents blocs 1 à 3. Ce signal peut être de toute nature appropriée, en particulier sonore, visuelle ou électronique.  The bottom 4 further hollowed out of an evacuation tunnel 43, connecting the annular space E 'and the outside of the enclosure. The outlet of this tunnel is noted 44 on the outer front face of the cover. The walls of this outlet receive the first end of a pipe 70, of any suitable type, the other end cooperates with a detection member 80. The latter is able to transmit a signal to the operator via an alarm 82 , when it detects the arrival of one or the other of the two fluids flowing in the different blocks 1 to 3. This signal can be of any appropriate nature, in particular sound, visual or electronic.
On retrouve un empilement similaire, d'une part entre les autres blocs 2 et 3 et, d'autre part, entre le bloc 3 et le couvercle 5. A chaque interface respectivement 123 et 135, deux joints toriques sont intercalés entre les faces en regard de ces éléments mécaniques, délimitant deux autres espaces de confinement. De plus, le bloc 3 est creusé d'une conduite analogue à celle 18 ménagée dans le bloc 1 . En revanche, le couvercle n'est pas équipé d'un tunnel, tel celui 43 du fond. There is a similar stack, on the one hand between the other blocks 2 and 3 and, on the other hand, between the block 3 and the cover 5. At each interface respectively 123 and 135, two O-rings are interposed between the faces in look at these mechanical elements, defining two other confinement spaces. In addition, the block 3 is dug a pipe similar to that 18 formed in the block 1. In contrast, the lid is not equipped with a tunnel, such as the one 43 of the bottom.
La mise en oeuvre de l'échangeur thermique, décrit ci-dessus, va maintenant être explicitée dans ce qui suit. Le premier fluide mis en échange de chaleur est admis par l'ouverture d'entrée 41 , s'écoule successivement dans les canaux 10, 20 puis 30, avant d'être évacué par l'ouverture de sortie 51. Le second fluide est admis par la tubulure d'entrée 63, s'écoule dans les canaux 12, 22 et 32, avant d'être évacué par la tubulure de sortie 64. Ces écoulements sont matérialisés par des flèches en traits respectivement pointillés et mixtes, sur la figure 1. The implementation of the heat exchanger, described above, will now be explained in what follows. The first fluid put in heat exchange is admitted through the inlet opening 41, flows successively into the channels 10, 20 and 30, before being discharged through the outlet opening 51. The second fluid is admitted by the inlet pipe 63, flows in the channels 12, 22 and 32, before being discharged through the outlet pipe 64. These flows are indicated by arrows in dashed and mixed lines, respectively, in FIG. .
La figure 4 illustre plus particulièrement l'écoulement des fluides entre les blocs 1 et 2, étant entendu que cet écoulement est analogue entre les autres blocs 2 et 3, entre le bloc 1 et le fond, ainsi qu'entre le bloc 3 et le couvercle. Lorsque ces fluides s'infiltrent dans les interstices respectifs 11 et 12, ils viennent au contact des joints J1 et J2. En service normal illustré sur cette figure 4, les joints J1 et J2 sont fonctionnels de sorte qu'ils empêchent le passage des fluides en direction de l'espace annulaire et qu'il n'y a pas de mélange entre ces fluides. Aucun fluide ne s'écoule dans le tuyau 70, représenté schématiquement sur cette figure 4, alors que le détecteur 80 et l'alarme 82 sont inactifs, de sorte qu'ils sont matérialisés par des traits pointillés. FIG. 4 more particularly illustrates the flow of the fluids between the blocks 1 and 2, it being understood that this flow is similar between the other blocks 2 and 3, between the block 1 and the bottom, as well as between the block 3 and the lid. When these fluids infiltrate into the respective interstices 11 and 12, they come into contact with the J1 and J2 joints. In normal operation illustrated in this FIG. 4, the joints J1 and J2 are functional so that they prevent the passage of fluids towards the annular space and that there is no mixing between these fluids. No fluid flows in the pipe 70, shown schematically in this figure 4, while the detector 80 and the alarm 82 are inactive, so that they are represented by dashed lines.
En revanche, on suppose maintenant que le joint intérieur J1 est défectueux, ce qui est illustré sur la figure 5. Il se produit donc une fuite du premier fluide, depuis l'interstice 11 en direction de l'espace de sécurité E. On notera que ce premier fluide ne peut être mis en contact avec le second fluide présent dans l'interstice 12, du fait de la présence du joint J2 qui reste fonctionnel. Ce premier fluide est alors dirigé le long du conduit 18, puis du tunnel 43. However, it is now assumed that the inner seal J1 is defective, which is illustrated in Figure 5. There is therefore a leak of the first fluid from the gap 11 in the direction of the safety space E. It will be noted that this first fluid can not be brought into contact with the second fluid present in the gap 12, because of the presence of J2 seal which remains functional. This first fluid is then directed along the conduit 18, then the tunnel 43.
Le premier fluide est alors évacué hors de l'enceinte, via le tuyau 70, en direction de l'organe de détection 80. Ce dernier active alors l'alarme 82, ce qui indique à l'opérateur qu'il doit arrêter la marche de l'installation. L'opérateur est en outre informé de la nature du fluide ainsi évacué, de sorte qu'il peut procéder à un remplacement circonstancié du premier joint J1 .  The first fluid is then discharged from the enclosure, via the pipe 70, towards the detection member 80. The latter then activates the alarm 82, which indicates to the operator that he must stop walking. of the installation. The operator is further informed of the nature of the fluid thus evacuated, so that it can proceed to a detailed replacement of the first seal J1.
Si on suppose désormais que le joint extérieur J2 est défectueux, comme le montre la figure 6, il se produit une fuite du second fluide, depuis l'interstice 12 en direction de l'espace de sécurité E. On notera que ce second fluide ne peut être mis en contact avec le premier fluide présent dans l'interstice 11 , du fait de la présence du joint J1 qui reste fonctionnel.  If it is now assumed that the outer seal J2 is defective, as shown in Figure 6, there is a leakage of the second fluid from the gap 12 towards the safety space E. It will be noted that this second fluid does not can be brought into contact with the first fluid present in the gap 11, because of the presence of J1 seal which remains functional.
Ce second fluide est alors dirigé, via le conduit 18, le tunnel 43 puis le tuyau 70, vers l'organe de détection. Comme dans le cas précédent, l'opérateur est alerté du disfonctionnement, de sorte qu'il arrête la mise en oeuvre de l'installation puis procède au remplacement de ce second joint J2. Si la fuite de l'un ou l'autre fluide se produit à l'interface entre le bloc supérieur 3 et le couvercle 5, le fluide est évacué successivement le long des conduites 38, 28 puis 18, avant d'être évacué via le tunnel 43. Si cette fuite a lieu à l'interface entre les deux blocs 2 et 3, le fluide est évacué successivement le long des conduites 28 et 18, avant d'être évacué via le tunnel 43. Enfin si cette fuite se produit à l'interface entre le bloc inférieur 1 et le fond 4, le fluide est directement évacué via le tunnel 43. This second fluid is then directed via the conduit 18, the tunnel 43 and the pipe 70, to the detection member. As in the previous case, the operator is alerted to the malfunction, so that it stops the implementation of the installation and proceeds to replace this second seal J2. If the leakage of one or the other fluid occurs at the interface between the upper block 3 and the lid 5, the fluid is sucked successively along the lines 38, 28 and 18, before being evacuated via the tunnel 43. If this leakage occurs at the interface between the two blocks 2 and 3, the fluid is sucked successively along the lines 28 and 18, before being discharged via the tunnel 43. Finally if this leak occurs at the interface between the lower block 1 and the bottom 4, the fluid is directly discharged via the tunnel 43.
Les conduites 18, 28 et 38, ainsi que le tunnel 43, forment des moyens d'évacuation, permettant de diriger une fuite éventuelle de fluide en dehors de l'enceinte. Ces conduites et ce tunnel ne débouchent pas dans les canaux de passage de fluide, que ce soit ceux orientés longitudinalement ou ceux orientés transversalement.  The pipes 18, 28 and 38, as well as the tunnel 43, form evacuation means, to direct any leakage of fluid outside the enclosure. These pipes and this tunnel do not open into the fluid passage channels, whether those oriented longitudinally or those oriented transversely.
La figure 7 illustre un bloc d'échange thermique 201 appartenant à un échangeur thermique conforme à une variante de réalisation de l'invention. Sur cette figure les éléments mécaniques analogues à ceux des figures précédentes y sont affectés des mêmes numéros de référence, augmentés de 200. FIG. 7 illustrates a heat exchange block 201 belonging to a heat exchanger according to an alternative embodiment of the invention. In this figure the mechanical elements similar to those of the preceding figures are assigned the same reference numbers, increased by 200.
Le bloc 201 de la figure 7 diffère de celui des figures 1 à 6, tout d'abord en ce qu'il est de forme rectangulaire, mais aussi en ce que les deux séries de canaux sont parallèles et débouchent sur les faces frontales de chaque bloc, dont seule l'une 21 1 est référencée sur cette figure. On retrouve donc tout d'abord la première série de canaux 210, similaires à ceux 10 des figures précédentes. La deuxième série est également formée de canaux longitudinaux 212, par opposition aux canaux transversaux 12 des figures précédentes. Ces différents canaux 210 et 212 sont sensiblement parallèles, à savoir qu'ils ne débouchent pas les uns dans les autres. Comme dans le mode de réalisation des figures précédentes, on met en échange thermique deux fluides, circulant respectivement dans les première et deuxième séries de canaux. Ces deux fluides sont de même nature, que ceux décrits ci-dessus.  The block 201 of FIG. 7 differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 6, first of all in that it is rectangular in shape, but also in that the two series of channels are parallel and open on the front faces of each block, of which only one 21 1 is referenced in this figure. There is therefore first of all the first series of channels 210, similar to those of the previous figures. The second series is also formed of longitudinal channels 212, as opposed to the transverse channels 12 of the preceding figures. These different channels 210 and 212 are substantially parallel, namely that they do not open into each other. As in the embodiment of the preceding figures, two fluids are circulated in heat exchange, circulating respectively in the first and second series of channels. These two fluids are of the same nature as those described above.
De façon plus précise, les canaux sont formés par des rangées parallèles, agencées alternativement en vue de dessus. On retrouve ainsi trois rangées R1 à R3 de premiers canaux 210, ainsi que deux rangées R'1 et R'2 de seconds canaux 212. On a illustré en traits pointillés, sur la figure 7, les différentes zones de débouché des canaux longitudinaux, soit DR1 à DR3 pour les rangées de la première série et DR'1 , DR'2 pour les rangées de la seconde série. Chaque zone, de forme rectangulaire, s'étend sur le pourtour d'une rangée respective de canaux.  More specifically, the channels are formed by parallel rows, arranged alternately in plan view. Three rows R1 to R3 of first channels 210 are thus found, as well as two rows R'1 and R'2 of second channels 212. In dashed lines, FIG. 7 illustrates the different areas of opening of the longitudinal channels, either DR1 to DR3 for the rows of the first series and DR'1, DR'2 for the rows of the second series. Each zone, of rectangular shape, extends around the perimeter of a respective row of channels.
La face frontale 21 1 est creusée de gorges rectangulaires, dite intérieure, dont chacune s'étend à l'extérieur d'une zone de débouché correspondante. Les différentes gorges intérieures reçoivent des organes d'étanchéité respectifs, JR1 à JR3, ainsi que JR'1 et JR'2, qui sont par exemple analogues à celui J1 du premier mode de réalisation. Cette face frontale 21 1 est en outre creusée d'une gorge rectangulaire périphérique, dite extérieure, qui entoure les différentes gorges intérieures précitées. Cette gorge extérieure reçoit un organe d'étanchéité JP, qui est par exemple analogue à celui J2 du premier mode de réalisation. The front face 21 1 is hollowed with rectangular grooves, said inner, each of which extends outside a corresponding outlet area. The different internal grooves receive respective sealing members, JR1 to JR3, and JR'1 and JR'2, which are for example similar to that J1 of the first embodiment. This front face 21 1 is further hollowed out of a rectangular peripheral groove, called outside, which surrounds the various interior gorges mentioned above. This outer groove receives a sealing member JP, which is for example similar to that J2 of the first embodiment.
On note 217 le tronçon intermédiaire, défini par les bords en regard des gorges intérieures et extérieures explicitées ci-dessus. Un tronçon intermédiaire, non représenté, est défini de manière analogue sur l'autre face frontale du bloc 201 . Ce bloc est en outre creusé de plusieurs conduits 218, globalement parallèles aux canaux 210 et 212, qui débouchent sur les faces frontales en reliant les deux tronçons intermédiaires définis ci- dessus. Dans l'exemple illustré on a prévu quatre de ces conduits, placés au voisinage des angles du bloc, étant entendu qu'un nombre différent de conduits et/ou un agencement différent de ces conduits peut être envisagé.  Note 217 the intermediate section, defined by the edges facing the inner and outer grooves explained above. An intermediate section, not shown, is similarly defined on the other end face of the block 201. This block is furthermore dug several conduits 218, generally parallel to the channels 210 and 212, which open on the end faces by connecting the two intermediate portions defined above. In the illustrated example, four of these ducts are provided, placed in the vicinity of the corners of the block, it being understood that a different number of ducts and / or a different arrangement of these ducts may be envisaged.
Lorsque le bloc 201 est empilé sur un bloc analogue non représenté, ces blocs contigus définissent un espace de confinement E201 , analogue à celui E des figures précédentes. Cet espace est délimité par les faces en regard appartenant au tronçon 217 et au tronçon non représenté du bloc contigu, ainsi que par les joints JP, JR1 à JR3, ainsi que JR'1 et JR'2. Comme dans le premier mode de réalisation, d'autres espaces de confinement sont avantageusement formés par les parois en regard des autres blocs contigus, par les parois en regard du fond et du bloc qui lui est contigu, ainsi que par les parois en regard du couvercle et du bloc qui lui est contigu.  When the block 201 is stacked on a similar block not shown, these contiguous blocks define a confinement space E201, similar to that E of the previous figures. This space is delimited by the facing faces belonging to the section 217 and to the unrepresented section of the contiguous block, as well as by the joints JP, JR1 to JR3, as well as JR'1 and JR'2. As in the first embodiment, other confinement spaces are advantageously formed by the facing walls of the other contiguous blocks, by the facing walls of the bottom and of the block which is contiguous thereto, as well as by the walls opposite the cover and block adjoining it.
En service normal illustré sur la figure 7, les joints intérieurs sont fonctionnels, de sorte qu'ils empêchent le passage des fluides en direction de l'espace de confinement et qu'il n'y a pas de mélange entre ces fluides. In normal operation illustrated in FIG. 7, the inner seals are functional, so that they prevent the passage of fluids towards the confinement space and that there is no mixing between these fluids.
Si on suppose que l'un des joints JR1 à JR3, par exemple celui JR1 est défectueux, il se produit donc une fuite du premier fluide en direction de l'espace de sécurité E201 . On notera que ce premier fluide ne peut être mis en contact avec le second fluide, du fait de la présence des joints JR'1 et JR'2 qui restent fonctionnels. Ce premier fluide est alors dirigé le long des conduits 218, selon les traits pointillés illustrées à la figure 8. Il s'écoule ensuite dans un tunnel non représenté analogue à celui 43, avant d'être évacué hors de l'enceinte, comme dans le premier mode de réalisation.  If it is assumed that one of the joints JR1 to JR3, for example that JR1 is defective, there is therefore a leakage of the first fluid towards the E201 safety space. It will be noted that this first fluid can not be brought into contact with the second fluid, because of the presence of JR'1 and JR'2 joints which remain functional. This first fluid is then directed along the ducts 218, according to the dashed lines illustrated in FIG. 8. It then flows into a not shown tunnel similar to that 43, before being evacuated out of the enclosure, as in FIG. the first embodiment.
Si on suppose désormais que l'un des joints JR'1 ou JR'2, par exemple celui JR'1 est défectueux, il se produit une fuite du second fluide en direction de l'espace de sécurité E201 . On notera que ce second fluide ne peut être mis en contact avec le premier fluide du fait de la présence des joints JR1 à JR3 qui restent fonctionnels. Ce second fluide est alors dirigé le long des conduits 218, selon les traits mixtes illustrés à la figure 9. Il s'écoule ensuite dans le tunnel non représenté évoqué au paragraphe précédent, avant d'être évacué hors de l'enceinte. L'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple décrit et représenté. En particulier, on a illustré des joints toriques, en tant qu'organes d'étanchéité respectivement intérieur et extérieur. Néanmoins, on peut prévoir de remplacer ces joints toriques par tout autre joint approprié, par exemple un joint multiple. If it is now assumed that one of JR'1 or JR'2 joints, for example that JR'1 is defective, there is a leakage of the second fluid towards the E201 safety space. It will be noted that this second fluid can not be brought into contact with the first fluid because of the presence of the JR1 to JR3 seals which remain functional. This second fluid is then directed along the conduits 218, in the mixed lines illustrated in Figure 9. It then flows into the unrepresented tunnel mentioned in the previous paragraph, before being evacuated from the enclosure. The invention is not limited to the example described and shown. In particular, O-rings have been illustrated as sealing members respectively inside and outside. Nevertheless, it can be provided to replace these O-rings by any other suitable seal, for example a multiple seal.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Echangeur thermique comprenant 1. Heat exchanger comprising
- une enceinte possédant un fond (5), un couvercle (4) et une enveloppe périphérique (6),  an enclosure having a bottom (5), a cover (4) and a peripheral envelope (6),
- au moins un bloc (1 - 3 ;201 ) disposé entre le fond et le couvercle, chaque bloc comprenant  at least one block (1 - 3; 201) disposed between the bottom and the cover, each block comprising
un corps,  a body,
des premiers canaux (10 ; 210) dits longitudinaux, ménagés dans ce corps selon une direction longitudinale (L1 ) du bloc, qui débouchent sur deux faces frontales (1 1 , 1 1 ' ; 21 1 ) opposées du corps  first longitudinal channels (10; 210) formed in this body in a longitudinal direction (L1) of the block, which open on two opposite end faces (1 1, 1 1 '; 21 1) of the body;
des seconds canaux (12 ; 212), ménagés dans ce corps selon une seconde direction, qui est :  second channels (12; 212) formed in this body in a second direction, which is:
* soit une direction transversale, ces seconds canaux étant alors des canaux transversaux, qui débouchent sur deux faces transversales (13, 13') opposées du corps, * A transverse direction, these second channels then being transverse channels, which open on two transverse faces (13, 13 ') opposite the body,
* soit ladite direction longitudinale, ces seconds canaux étant alors des canaux longitudinaux (212) débouchant également sur lesdites faces frontales (21 1 ) opposées du corps, * said longitudinal direction, these second channels then being longitudinal channels (212) also opening on said opposite end faces (21 1) of the body,
l'échangeur comprenant en outre the exchanger further comprising
- des premiers moyens (41 ) d'entrée d'un premier fluide dans les premiers canaux first means (41) for inputting a first fluid into the first channels
- des seconds moyens (63) d'entrée d'un second fluide dans les seconds canauxsecond means (63) for entering a second fluid into the second channels
- des premiers moyens (51 ) de sortie du premier fluide hors des premiers canauxfirst means (51) for outputting the first fluid out of the first channels
- des seconds moyens (64) de sortie du second fluide hors des seconds canauxsecond means (64) for outputting the second fluid out of the second channels
- des moyens d'étanchéité entre les premier et second fluides, sealing means between the first and second fluids,
ledit échangeur étant caractérisé en ce que said exchanger being characterized in that
les moyens d'étanchéité comprennent, à au moins une interface parmi les interfaces (1 12, 1 14, 123, 135) entre deux faces frontales en regard appartenant : the sealing means comprise at least one of the interfaces (1 12, 1 14, 123, 135) between two facing faces belonging to:
- au couvercle et au bloc qui lui est adjacent  - the lid and adjacent block
- au fond et au bloc qui lui est adjacent  - at the bottom and adjacent block
- éventuellement à deux blocs contigus  - possibly two contiguous blocks
au moins un joint périphérique dit radialement intérieur (J1 , J'1 ; JR1 , JR'1 , JR2, JR'2, JR3), chaque joint intérieur s'étendant radialement à l'extérieur de la zone (14 ; DR1 , DR'1 , DR2, DR'2, DR3) des débouchés d'au moins une partie des canaux longitudinaux, un joint périphérique dit radialement extérieur (J2, J'2) définissant, avec le ou les joint(s) périphérique(s) intérieur(s) et les faces frontales en regard, un espace (E, E' ; E201 ) de confinement d'une fuite éventuelle de l'un ou l'autre fluide. at least one radially inner peripheral seal (J1, J'1, JR1, JR'1, JR2, JR'2, JR3), each inner seal extending radially outwardly of the region (14; 1, DR2, DR'2, DR3) outlets of at least a portion of the longitudinal channels, a radially outer peripheral seal (J2, J'2) defining with the peripheral seal (s) interior (s) and the facing end faces, a space (E, E '; E201) confining a possible leak of one or the other fluid.
2. Echangeur thermique selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les seconds canaux (12) sont transversaux et il est prévu un unique joint radialement intérieur (J1 , J'1 ) s'étendant radialement à l'extérieur de la zone (14) des débouchés des canaux longitudinaux, l'espace de confinement (E, E') étant de forme annulaire. 2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the second channels (12) are transverse and there is provided a single radially inner seal (J1, J'1) extending radially outside the zone (14). ) outlets of the longitudinal channels, the confinement space (E, E ') being ring-shaped.
3. Echangeur thermique selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les seconds canaux (212) sont également longitudinaux et il est prévu au moins un premier joint radialement intérieur (JR1 , JR2, JR3), chaque premier joint intérieur s'étendant à l'extérieur de la zone (DR1 , DR2, DR3) des débouchés d'au moins une partie des premiers canaux longitudinaux, ainsi qu'au moins un second joint radialement intérieur (JR'1 , JR'2), chaque second joint intérieur s'étendant à l'extérieur de la zone (DR'1 , DR'2) des débouchés d'au moins une partie des seconds canaux longitudinaux. 3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the second channels (212) are also longitudinal and there is provided at least one first radially inner seal (JR1, JR2, JR3), each first inner seal extending to outside the zone (DR1, DR2, DR3) outlets of at least a portion of the first longitudinal channels, and at least one second radially inner seal (JR'1, JR'2), each second inner seal s extending out of the zone (DR'1, DR'2) outlets of at least a portion of the second longitudinal channels.
4. Echangeur thermique selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les premiers (210) et seconds (212) canaux longitudinaux sont disposés selon une succession de rangées alternées (R1 , R'1 , R2, R'2, R3), la zone (DR1 , DR'1 , DR2, DR'2, DR3) des débouchés de chaque rangée étant entourée par un joint radialement intérieur respectif (JR1 , JR'1 , JR2, JR'2, JR3). 4. Heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that the first (210) and second (212) longitudinal channels are arranged in a succession of alternating rows (R1, R'1, R2, R'2, R3), the zone (DR1, DR'1, DR2, DR'2, DR3) outlets of each row being surrounded by a respective radially inner seal (JR1, JR'1, JR2, JR'2, JR3).
5. Echangeur thermique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins deux blocs (1 -3) empilés les uns sur les autres selon une direction longitudinale (L) de l'échangeur, entre le fond (4) et le couvercle (5). 5. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least two blocks (1 -3) stacked on each other in a longitudinal direction (L) of the exchanger, between the bottom ( 4) and the cover (5).
6. Echangeur thermique selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'étanchéité comprennent ledit au moins un joint périphérique intérieur (J1 ) et ledit joint périphérique extérieur (J2), à toutes les interfaces (1 12, 123) entre deux blocs contigus. 6. Heat exchanger according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the sealing means comprise said at least one inner peripheral seal (J1) and said outer peripheral seal (J2) at all interfaces (1 12, 123) between two contiguous blocks.
7. Echangeur thermique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'étanchéité comprennent ledit au moins un joint périphérique intérieur7. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealing means comprise said at least one inner peripheral seal
(J1 , J'1 ) et ledit joint périphérique extérieur (J2, J'2), à l'ensemble desdites interfaces (1 12, 1 14, 123, 135). (J1, J'1) and said outer peripheral seal (J2, J'2) to all of said interfaces (1 12, 1 14, 123, 135).
8. Echangeur thermique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre des moyens de détection (80), propres à détecter la présence d'au moins un parmi le premier et le second fluide, à l'intérieur d'au moins un espace annulaire de confinement (E, E'). 8. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises detection means (80), adapted to detect the presence of at least one of the first and the second fluid, to the interior of at least one annular confinement space (E, E ').
9. Echangeur thermique selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre une alarme (82), propre à être activée par les moyens de détection (80). 9. Heat exchanger according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it further comprises an alarm (82), adapted to be activated by the detection means (80).
10. Echangeur thermique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre des moyens d'évacuation (18, 28, 38, 43), propres à évacuer en dehors de l'enceinte (4, 5, 6) ladite fuite éventuelle de l'un ou l'autre fluide, confinée dans au moins un espace annulaire. 10. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises discharge means (18, 28, 38, 43) adapted to evacuate outside the enclosure (4, 5, 6) said leakage of one or the other fluid, confined in at least one annular space.
1 1 . Echangeur thermique selon l'une des revendications 8 ou 9, prise en combinaison avec la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'évacuation (18, 28, 38, 43) sont mis en communication par le fluide avec les moyens de détection (80). 1 1. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 8 or 9, taken in combination with claim 10, characterized in that the evacuation means (18, 28, 38, 43) are placed in communication by the fluid with the detection means (80).
12. Echangeur thermique selon la revendication 1 1 , caractérisé en ce que les moyens de détection (80) sont distants de l'enceinte (4, 5, 6) et il est prévu un tuyau de liaison (70), propre à raccorder ces moyens de détection et le débouché (44) des moyens d'évacuation. 12. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the detection means (80) are spaced from the enclosure (4, 5, 6) and there is provided a connecting pipe (70) adapted to connect these detection means and the outlet (44) of the evacuation means.
13. Echangeur thermique selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'évacuation comprennent au moins une conduite d'évacuation (18, 28, 38), chaque conduite d'évacuation étant ménagée dans un bloc respectif et reliant deux espaces de confinement adjacents (E, E'). 13. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the discharge means comprise at least one discharge pipe (18, 28, 38), each discharge pipe being formed in a respective block and connecting two adjacent confinement spaces (E, E ').
14. Echangeur thermique selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'évacuation comprennent un tunnel d'évacuation (43), ménagé dans le fond14. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the evacuation means comprise an evacuation tunnel (43), formed in the bottom
(4) et/ou le couvercle, lequel tunnel relie un espace de confinement (E) et l'extérieur de l'enceinte. (4) and / or the cover, which tunnel connects a confinement space (E) and the outside of the enclosure.
15. Procédé de mise en oeuvre d'un échangeur selon l'une des revendications 8 à 14, dans lequel on fait circuler les premier et second fluides dans les premiers et seconds canaux, de façon à les mettre en échange de chaleur, et on arrête la circulation d'au moins un fluide si on détecte la présence dudit fluide dans au moins un espace annulaire de confinement. 15. A method of implementing an exchanger according to one of claims 8 to 14, wherein the first and second fluids are circulated in the first and second channels, so as to put them in exchange for heat, and stops the circulation of at least one fluid if the presence of said fluid is detected in at least one annular confinement space.
16. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel on remplace au moins un joint intérieur si on détecte la présence du premier fluide dans au moins un espace annulaire de confinement. 16. The method as claimed in the preceding claim, wherein at least one inner seal is replaced if the presence of the first fluid is detected in at least one annular confinement space.
17. Procédé selon la revendication 16 ou 17, dans lequel on remplace le joint extérieur si on détecte la présence du second fluide dans au moins un espace annulaire de confinement. 17. The method of claim 16 or 17, wherein the outer seal is replaced if the presence of the second fluid is detected in at least one annular confinement space.
18. Bloc d'échange thermique (1 ; 201 ) comprenant 18. Heat exchange block (1; 201) comprising
un corps,  a body,
des premiers canaux (10 ; 210) dits longitudinaux, ménagés dans ce corps selon une direction longitudinale (L1 ) du bloc, qui débouchent sur deux faces frontales (1 1 , 1 1 ' ; 21 1 ) opposées du corps,  first longitudinal channels (10; 210) formed in this body in a longitudinal direction (L1) of the block, which open on two opposite end faces (1 1, 1 1 ', 21 1) of the body,
des seconds canaux (12 ; 212), ménagés dans ce corps selon une seconde direction, qui est :  second channels (12; 212) formed in this body in a second direction, which is:
* soit une direction transversale, ces seconds canaux étant alors des canaux transversaux, qui débouchent sur deux faces transversales (13, 13') opposées du corps, * A transverse direction, these second channels then being transverse channels, which open on two transverse faces (13, 13 ') opposite the body,
* soit ladite direction longitudinale, ces seconds canaux étant alors des canaux longitudinaux (212) débouchant sur lesdites faces frontales (21 1 ) opposées du corps, ledit bloc étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre, sur chaque face frontale, au moins un siège périphérique dit radialement intérieur (15, 15'), chaque siège intérieur s'étendant radialement à l'extérieur de la zone des débouchés d'au moins une partie des canaux longitudinaux, le ou chaque siège intérieur étant adapté à la réception d'un joint d'étanchéité intérieur respectif, * said longitudinal direction, these second channels then being longitudinal channels (212) opening on said opposite end faces (21 1) of the body, said block being characterized in that it further comprises, on each front face, at least a radially inner peripheral seat (15, 15 '), each inner seat extending radially outwardly from the outlet area of at least a portion of the longitudinal channels, the or each inner seat being adapted to receive a respective inner seal,
un siège périphérique dit radialement extérieur (16, 16'), adapté à la réception d'un joint d'étanchéité extérieur, ce siège périphérique extérieur définissant avec le siège périphérique intérieur un tronçon intermédiaire (17, 17' ; 217), a radially outer peripheral seat (16, 16 ') adapted to receive an outer seal, said outer peripheral seat defining with the inner peripheral seat an intermediate section (17, 17', 217),
et en ce qu'au moins une conduite d'évacuation (18) relie les faces frontales opposées et débouche sur les deux tronçons opposés (17, 17'). and in that at least one evacuation pipe (18) connects the opposite end faces and opens on the two opposite sections (17, 17 ').
PCT/FR2016/050565 2015-03-18 2016-03-15 Block heat exchanger, method for implementing same and heat exchange block belonging to such an exchanger WO2016146930A1 (en)

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JP2017548303A JP2018510315A (en) 2015-03-18 2016-03-15 Block heat exchanger, method of using the heat exchanger, and heat exchange block belonging to the exchanger
KR1020177030017A KR20170127029A (en) 2015-03-18 2016-03-15 A heat exchange block type heat exchanger, a method for implementing the same, and a heat exchange block belonging to such heat exchanger
CN201680016347.2A CN107429978A (en) 2015-03-18 2016-03-15 Block formula heat exchanger, using block formula heat exchanger method and belong to the heat exchange mass of the exchanger
US15/558,275 US20180058774A1 (en) 2015-03-18 2016-03-15 Block heat exchanger, method for implementing same and heat exchange block belonging to such an exchanger
EP16712393.4A EP3271678B1 (en) 2015-03-18 2016-03-15 Block heat exchanger, method for implementing same and heat exchange block belonging to such an exchanger

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FR1552219A FR3033879B1 (en) 2015-03-18 2015-03-18 BLOCK HEAT EXCHANGER, ITS IMPLEMENTATION METHOD AND THERMAL EXCHANGE BLOCK BELONGING TO SUCH AN EXCHANGER

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FR3078150B1 (en) * 2018-12-04 2021-01-15 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Heat exchanger for an electrical component and assembly of said exchanger and said component
CN114485220B (en) * 2022-01-21 2024-01-02 江苏双立制氧机械有限公司 Silicon carbide tubular heat exchanger with tube plate sealing compensation structure
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FR1465780A (en) 1964-12-23 1967-01-13 Harzer Achsenwerke K G Schwema heat exchanger
EP0196548A1 (en) 1985-03-19 1986-10-08 GEA Wiegand GmbH Compact block-type exchanger of impregnated graphite
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1421491A (en) 1964-11-02 1965-12-17 Harzer Achsenwerke K G Schwema heat exchanger made up of an assembly of blocks or plates with crossed internal channels
FR1465780A (en) 1964-12-23 1967-01-13 Harzer Achsenwerke K G Schwema heat exchanger
EP0196548A1 (en) 1985-03-19 1986-10-08 GEA Wiegand GmbH Compact block-type exchanger of impregnated graphite
DE4331314C1 (en) 1993-09-15 1994-09-08 Frank Dr Ing Triesch Arrangement for signalling a pressure change
DE19501467A1 (en) 1995-01-19 1996-07-25 Scholz Gmbh R Heat exchanger which reduces contact between incompatible substances
WO2005119197A1 (en) 2004-06-04 2005-12-15 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Method and device for assessing the risk of fluid leakage in a heat exchanger with sensor
WO2006081965A1 (en) 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 Sgl Carbon Ag Graphite block heat exchanger
FR2998953A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-06 Jean-Claude Geay Modular plate heat exchanger for use in ventilation system, has heat exchanger modules arranged in direction such that first circulation spacer unit of each module is in watertight communication with first circulation space

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EP3271678B1 (en) 2020-05-06
EP3271678A1 (en) 2018-01-24
JP2018510315A (en) 2018-04-12
US20180058774A1 (en) 2018-03-01
KR20170127029A (en) 2017-11-20
CN107429978A (en) 2017-12-01
FR3033879B1 (en) 2017-04-07
FR3033879A1 (en) 2016-09-23

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