WO2016146304A1

WO2016146304A1 - Stator of an electrical machine

Info

Publication number: WO2016146304A1
Application number: PCT/EP2016/052659
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas Mann; Uwe Schein
Original assignee: Continental Automotive Gmbh
Priority date: 2015-03-13
Filing date: 2016-02-09
Publication date: 2016-09-22
Also published as: DE102015204649A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical machine for generating electrical energy or for generating mechanical power, comprising a stator (20) and comprising a rotor which is mounted such that it can rotate within or outside the stator (20). In this case, the stator (20) has a winding with an electrical conductor (8), wherein the stator (20) is formed in two parts from a first stator element (1) and a second stator element (2). To this end, each of the stator elements (1, 2) has an annular main body (3). A plurality of teeth (4) which are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction protrude away from each of the main bodies (3) in the radial direction. The teeth (4) for their part protrude beyond the respective annular main body (3) in the axial direction, so that the teeth (4) extend over the entire axial length of the stator (20) after the two stator elements (1, 2) are mounted.

Description

description

STATOR OF AN ELECTRICAL MACHINE Technical Field

The invention relates to an electrical machine for the generation ^¬ supply of electric energy or for the production of mechanical ^¬ shear performance, with a stator and with a rotatably mounted inside or outside of the stator rotor, the

Stator has a winding with an electrical conductor.

^{PRIOR ART} Electric motors have a stator, inside or outside which a rotor is rotatably arranged. The stator has windings of at least one current-carrying ^conductor , which are connected to a voltage source. In this way, a magnetic field is generated in and around the stator in which the rotor can rotate. The stator has regularly ge ^¬ ometric configurations, which allow attaching the Wick ^¬ ment on the stator. For example ^¬ be disposed and protruding teeth are known on the stator, which are wrapped with the elekt ^¬ step ladder.

The prior art discloses a variety of different stators for electric motors and generators. In order to generate the highest possible mechanical power or electrical power, different techniques for generating the winding on the stator are known. Depending on the design of the Sta ^¬ tors, however, there are narrow limits on the possible techniques for generating the winding. One prior art form of the winding on the stator which is arranged in each case only every second tooth of the stator in the circumferential direction, the so-called double-layer winding ^¬. A disadvantage of the devices in the prior art is ins ^¬ particular that allow the previously known designs of stators due to their structural design no optimal Wick ^¬ ment to produce the highest possible mechanical or electrical power.

Presentation of the invention, object, solution, advantages

Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to provide an electric machine with a stator, wherein the stator allows a simplified generation of an improved Wick ^{¬ ment} while having improved properties for operating an electric motor or a generator. Furthermore, the manufacturability of the stator is to be improved.

The object with regard to the electric machine is achieved by an electric machine with the features of claim 1.

An embodiment of the invention relates to an electrical ^¬ specific machine for the production of electrical energy or for producing mechanical power, with a stator and with a rotatably mounted inside or outside of the stator rotor, wherein the stator has a winding with an electrical conductor, wherein the Stator is formed in two parts from a first stator element and a second stator element, wherein each of the stator has an annular Grund ^¬ body, from which in the radial direction in each case ne ne of spaced circumferentially spaced armature elements, wherein the armature elements in the axial direction on the each annular base body ^¬ project. Such a stator is particularly advantageous since the Wicklun ^¬ gen with the electrical conductor in a particularly simple manner can be produced without a particularly wide waste had to keep between the directly adjacent Ankerele ^¬ elements. By the two-divided stator windings can be generated to the anchor elements on a Statore ^¬ lement or two stator before the two stator elements are joined together. By the between the anchor elements in each case a Statorelemen ^¬ tes forming gaps in which the respective armature ^¬ elements of the other stator are inserted, a sufficiently large working space is given to the winding of the electrical conductors to the anchor elements voreh ^¬ men can.

By nesting the stator in one another and the associated insertion of the armature elements of the first stator in the spaces between the Ankerele ^¬ elements of the second stator yet a compact design can be achieved, which is characterized in particular by very small distances between two directly adjacent anchor elements. With too large distances between the at ^¬ kerelemente each other with such a stator armored from ^¬ electric motor can grow to a large cogging torque, so that the runout is deteriorated and the efficiency of the electric motor is reduced.

In case of using a stator having large distances between the anchoring elements in a generator effi ciency ^¬ is not opti ^¬ times in terms of energy as well. The stator may be used in the on ^¬ a reflection of both an electric motor and a generator according to the formulation. Electric motors and generators ^¬ the electric therefore under the heading machine summarized. Electric motors and generators are similar in ih ^¬ rem build a very large extent, so the stator for both versions can be used.

The axial direction describes the direction along the center axis with ^¬ of the annular body of the stator. The radial direction describes a direction which stands as Norma ^¬ le on the central axis of an annular body. These directional terms are used for orientation and the solid ^¬ interpretation of the orientation of the individual elements.

It is particularly advantageous if the first stator element and the second stator element are identical in construction.

A generated from two identical stator stator is particularly advantageous because the number of parts required can be verrin ^¬ siege, whereby cost savings achieved who can ^¬. The stator can be generated regardless of their final positioning in the finished stator on a single machine Ferti ^¬ supply and need not be pre-sorted or spe ^¬ zifisch also supplied. Only during assembly is it determined how the identical part is used.

It is also advantageous if the first stator and the second stator member are inserted in the direction towards ^¬ axially projecting anchor elements onto each other, wherein the annular base body of the stator elements are concentrically aligned with each other.

By nesting the stator elements in the axial direction with concentric alignment of the respective ring ^¬ shaped body can be achieved that the respec ^¬ mer anchor elements interlock, so that in each case a An ^¬ kerelemente the first stator element engage in a space between two anchor elements of the second stator. The annular base body can thereby be completely in contact in the axial direction. Furthermore, the annular base body, depending on their design, ^{miteinan ¬} only to partial areas in the axial direction in plant. By the two annular base body of ^{Hauptkör ¬ is formed} by the stator of which the respective Ankerele ^¬ elements projecting in the radial direction.

A preferred embodiment is characterized gekennzeich ^¬ net, that the first stator and the second Statorele ^¬ ment in the circumferential direction is rotated in such a way against each other are oriented ^¬ oriented such that the anchor elements of the first Statorelemen ^¬ tes which are engaged between the anchor elements of the second Statorele ^¬ mentes formed interspaces ,

This is particularly vorteilhat to achieve that the at ^¬ kerelemente are disposed generally at a closest possible distance from each other and ^¬ so the cogging torque of the Elektromo ^¬ gate is minimized. The cogging torque is a measure of the willingness of the rotor of the electric motor to remain in a specific position within the stator and thus to interrupt the concentricity. The higher the cogging torque, the higher the likelihood that the rotor will stop unintentionally. In a generator, the rotor itself is driven mechanically, which is why it can not come to a persistence of the rotor in most cases, however, ^{¬ on the} basis of a large distance, the efficiency of Energiewand ^¬ ment is reduced.

It is also preferable if the anchor elements considered in the circumferential direction have a narrow area and have ei ^¬ NEN wide range, where the narrow zone facing the annular base body and the wide area facing away from the annular base body.

The anchoring elements preferably have a y-shaped cross ^¬ section, with the foot area of the y-shaped cross-section is based on the annular base body and the Ankerele ^¬ elements widen in the radial direction away from the annular base body. This is particularly advantageous for generating the winding with the electrical conductor around the anchor elements, without the winding can slip in the radial direction of the anchor element. The anchor elements can protrude in the axial direction only in one direction or in both directions beyond the annular base body. Also in the axial Rich ^¬ tion can be provided starting from the annular base body widening shape.

Moreover, it is advantageous if the armature elements of the first stator element and the armature elements of the second Sta ^¬ torelementes are arranged alternately ^¬ in the circumferential direction of the stator. In particular, an alternating arrangement in the ratio 1 to 1 is to be particularly preferred, which is due to the use of identical parts in the stator elements he ^¬ .

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the stator elements are formed from egg ^¬ nem metallic material. The use of a metallic material for the stator is particularly advantageous to support a positive and possible emergence from ^¬ propagation of electromagnetic fields generated in each case. In alternative embodiments, a me ^¬ tallisch coated non-metal can be used.

It is also expedient if the anchor elements are wrapped at least egg ^¬ nes stator with an electrical conductor. Depending on the configuration of the respective stator, the armature elements can each be wrapped ^¬ weils only one stator, or the anchor elements of the two stator elements. The anchor ^¬ elements of the two stator can be wrapped with the Common ^¬ men electrical conductor or with two or more different electrical conductors. The under ^¬ different electrical conductors may also have different electrical polarity beyond.

Moreover, it is advantageous if the wound with the electrical conductor's ^¬ anchor elements are provided with an insulating coating, through the insulating loading Layering an electrical insulation between the electrical ^¬ rule conductors and the stator is generated.

An electrical insulation between the stator and the electrical conductor is particularly advantageous if the elec ^¬ tric conductor itself has no insulation. In the event that the electrical conductor has an insulation, ei ^¬ ne additional protection against electrical short circuits can be achieved by the insulating coating.

Furthermore, it is expedient if latching devices are arranged on the stator elements, wherein the stator elements can be latched to one another via the latching devices. By latching devices, the stator elements can be advantageously attached to each other. As a result, the stability of the stator is increased overall. The latching devices can be formed in ^¬ example by locking lugs, latching hooks or other locking elements, which engage in pockets, recesses or recesses and thus ensure a secure positioning of the stator elements against each other. The Rastvor ^¬ directions can be performed detachable again or the ^¬ art that they are solvable only by destruction. Also, it is preferable if the two annular ones

Base body with formed in the axial direction ^{Grenzflä ¬} Chen abut each other.

By investing the annular base together, a higher overall stability is achieved. Particularly advantageous ^¬ way, when the mutually facing axial surfaces of the annular base body completely or only partially come together in abutment. To improve the system, it is also possible to provide surface enlarging elements which protrude, for example, in the radial direction from the annular base body. Advantageous developments of the present invention are described in the dependent claims and in the following Figurenbe ^¬ description.

Brief description of the drawings

In the following the invention will be to exemplary embodiments ^¬ and with reference to the drawings in detail, he ^¬ explained. In the drawings show:

1 is a perspective view of two concentrically aligned stator elements, wherein the two stator elements are shown spaced from each other,

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the two elements Statorele ^¬ a stator, one of said stator has an insulating coating on the anchoring elements and to the coated armature elements an electrical conductor is wound, and

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the stator, wherein the two individual stator elements are inserted into each other in the axial direction.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

FIG. 1 shows two stator elements 1, 2, which are arranged opposite one another. The stator elements 1, 2 in Figure 1 are of identical construction. Therefore, the description of the two stator elements 1, 2 based on the stator element 1. For the second stator 2, the statements apply ana ^¬ log. The two stator elements 1, 2 are oppositely rotated by 180 ° to each other.

The stator element 1 has an annular base body 3, of which several anchor elements 4 in the radial direction protrude. The anchor elements 4 are arranged spaced apart in the circumferential direction along the outwardly directed surface of the annular Grundkör ^¬ pers 3. The anchor elements 4 protrude in the axial direction on one side over the axial Erstre- ckung of the annular base body 3 addition. In alternative embodiments, the anchor elements can also on both sides in the axial direction on the annular base hinausra ^¬ gene.

The anchor elements 4 have a y-shaped cross section, wherein the foot portions of the y-shaped form is based on the ^{ringförmi ¬} gen body. First, the anchor elements 4 have a circumferentially uniformly wide section 5, which widened with increasing radial distance to the annular base body 3 in the circumferential direction. This area widening with increasing radial distance is the second section 6 of the anchor elements 4.

In a preferred embodiment, the anchor elements 4 protrude in the axial direction by a longitudinal extension beyond the ring ^¬- shaped base body 3, which corresponds to the length of the annular base body 3 in the axial direction. The Statorele ^¬ ment 1 thus has an axial extension which is twice as long as the axial extent of the annular base body 3. In this way it is achieved that the on ^¬ kerelemente 4 of two nested stator elements 1, 2 each flush with the Close annular base 3 from ^¬ .

Alternatively, the anchoring elements can also be designed such that it unilaterally or bilaterally hinausste ^¬ hen in the axial direction over the generated from two stator stator.

The width measured in the circumferential direction of the anchor elements 4 at the radially outwardly directed surface is slightly smaller than that between two adjacent directly to each other. Beard arranged anchor elements 4 trained gap 7. The gaps 7 are therefore wide enough to the anchor ^¬ elements 4 of the other stator element 1, 2 aufzuneh ^¬ men.

The annular base body 3 is thin-walled and has in its interior a sufficient receiving space for a rotor. The stator 1 may be carried out with the Ankerele ^¬ elements 4 in one piece or in several parts. Preferably, the annular base body and the anchor elements 4 are formed from a metallic material.

Figure 1 is an exploded view and shows the Statore ^¬ elements 1, 2 spaced from each other in the axial direction. In a fully assembled stator, the stator elements 1, 2 are inserted into one another, so that the annular base body 3 abut each other in the axial direction.

FIG. 2 likewise shows the two stator elements 1, 2 of FIG. 1. In contrast to FIG. 1, the stator element 1 in FIG. 2 is at least partially provided with an insulating element

Layer 9 coated. In addition, the anchor elements 4 of the annular body 3 are wrapped with an electrical conductor 8.

The insulating layer 9 covers in the embodiment of Figure 2, the radially outwardly directed surface of the ring ^¬ shaped base body 3 with a layer 12 and at least the wegge ^¬ in the axial direction of the second stator element 2 end face of the annular base body 3 with ei ^¬ ner layer 11th . also, the second stator member 2 supplied ^¬ turned end face of the annular body 3 can be covered with an insulating layer. However, the execution ^¬ example of the figure 2 has at the end facing each other supplied surfaces of the annular base body 3 not ^¬ iso-regulating layer, whereby in the assembled state, a di- Rigid contact of the two annular body 3 is reached together.

In the ^exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2, the insulating layer 9 is also designed in such a way that the end face of the armature elements 4 directed radially outward is enlarged. In this case, the layer 9 is in particular designed such that the outer circumferential surface of the stator element 1, which is formed by the radially outwardly directed surfaces of the Ankerele ^¬ elements 4, is not broken. The layer 9 contributes in addition to an insulation between the electrical conductor 8 and the stator 1 also to a fixation of the elec ^{¬ ¬} electric conductor 8 to the anchor elements 4, since the Erstre- ckung of the anchor elements 4 in the circumferential direction and in the axial direction is increased, thereby an unwanted loosening of the electrical conductor 8 is difficult.

In addition, the insulating layer formed by the well before ^¬ crack 10 which rests on the side facing away in the axial direction of the second stator 2 surface of iso ^¬ lierenden layer. 9 This projection 10 also contributes to an improved fixation of the electrical conductor 8 at the respective anchor element 4.

Also, the addition ^¬ per 3 stationary in the axial direction over the annular Grundkör portions of the anchoring elements 4 are surrounded by an insulating layer. 13 Overall, a coiled From ^¬ design of the anchoring elements 4 is achieved by the insulating layer 9, 10 and 13. FIG. The gap 7 is ver ^¬ kleinert through the insulating layer 9 in the circumferential direction, between the insulating layers 9 remaining space 14 is large enough to accommodate the Ankerele ^¬ elements 4 of the second stator member 2 therein. In the dimensioning of the gaps 14 is to berücksichti ^¬ gen whether the second stator 2 also comprises an insulating layer or not. In FIG. 2, the second stator element 2 is depicted analogously to FIG. 1 and therefore not further described.

3 shows a stator 20, the stator 20 of the first stator 1 and the second stator 2 is together ^¬ quantity sets. The stator is formed by the nesting of the stator elements 1 and 2, which have already been shown in Figures 1 and 2.

The two annular base body 3 abut each other and the anchor elements 4 engage each other, so that depending ^¬ anchors between two anchor elements 4 of the first Statorelemen ^¬ tes 1, an anchor element 4 of the second stator 2 is arranged ^¬ .

In the embodiment of Figure 3 only the first Stato ^¬ Rdevice 1 has a coating with an insulating layer. 9 In the spaces, the anchoring elements 4 of the two ^¬ th stator 2 protrude, whereby only very small gaps between the insulating layer 9 and the armature elements 4 of the second stator 2 formed.

The radially outwardly directed surfaces of the armature elements 4 and the insulating layer 9 form an annular shell surface 21 at the radially outwardly directed end region of the stator 20. The stator 20 furthermore has a winding with an electrical conductor 8 on every second armature element 4. The stator 20 has the particular advantage that the Wicklun ^¬ can easily gen of the electrical conductor 8 to the anchoring elements 4 of the first stator 1 are generated with different ^¬ union winding techniques because the interim ^¬ rule the armature elements 4 gaps 7 formed re- are relatively big. By inserting the second Statorele ^¬ mentes 2, however, a design can still be achieved after generation of the windings, which has a particularly low Distance between the individual anchor elements 4 allows, whereby the efficiency of an equipped with the stator 20 electric motor or generator is significantly increased.

The embodiments of Figures 1 to 3 have insbeson ^¬ particular any limiting character and serve to Ver ^¬ deutlichung the inventive concept. The individual features can also be combined with each other.

Claims

An electrical machine for generating electrical energy or for producing mechanical power, with a stator (20) and having an inside or au ^¬ ßerhalb of the stator (20) rotatably mounted rotor, wherein the stator (20) has a winding with an electrical conductor ( 8) dadurchgekenn ^¬ characterized in that the stator (20) is formed in two parts (a first stator 1) and a second Stato ^¬ Rdevice (2), each of said Statorele ^¬ elements (1, 2) comprises an annular base body (3 ) has ^¬, of which in the radial direction a plurality of respectively (from one another in circumferentially spaced anchor members 4) protrudes, which extend the armature elements (4) in the axial direction over the respective annular base body (3).

Electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the first stator element (1) and the second stator element (2) are identical in construction.

Electrical machine according to one of the preceding ^¬ claims, characterized in that the first stator (1) and the second stators ^¬ lement (2) in the direction of hinausra ^¬ constricting in the axial direction of the armature elements (4) are inserted into each other, wherein the annular base body ( 3) of the Statorelemen ^¬ te (1, 2) are aligned concentrically with each other.

Electrical machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the first stator element (1) and the second stator element (2) are aligned in the circumferential direction against each other rotated so that the anchor elements (4) of the first stator element (1) in between the anchor elements (4). of the second stator lementes (2) formed intermediate spaces (7, 14) a ^¬ grab.

Electrical machine according to one of the preceding ^¬ claims, characterized in that the anchoring elements (4) viewed in the circumferential direction have a narrow region (5) and a wide region (6), where the narrow zone (5), the annular base body (3) is facing and the pulp ^¬ te area (6) abge ^¬ wall from the annular body (3).

Electrical machine according to one of the preceding ^¬ claims, characterized in that the anchoring elements (4) of the first stator (1) and the anchor elements (4) of the second Statorelemen ^¬ tes (2) in the circumferential direction of the stator (20) are arranged alternately.

Electrical machine according to one of the preceding ^¬ claims, characterized in that the stator (1, 2) are formed from a metallic material.

Electrical machine according to one of the preceding ^¬ claims, characterized in that the anchoring elements (4) at least one Statorelemen ^¬ tes (1) are wrapped with an electrical conductor (8).

Electrical machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrical ^¬ rule conductor (8) are provided wound armature elements (4) with an insulating coating (9, 10, 11, 12, 13), where (by the insulating coating 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) an electrical insulation between the electrical conductors (8) and the stator element (1) he is ^¬ testifies.

Electrical machine according to one of the preceding ^¬ claims, characterized in that on the stator (1, 2) has latching devices on are ordered, wherein the stator (1, 2) are latched to one another via the locking devices.

Electrical machine according to one of the preceding ^¬ claims, characterized in that the two ring-shaped base body (3) abut each other with formed in axi aler direction interfaces at ^¬.