WO2016141500A1 - 静音降噪节能涂料 - Google Patents

静音降噪节能涂料 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016141500A1
WO2016141500A1 PCT/CN2015/000165 CN2015000165W WO2016141500A1 WO 2016141500 A1 WO2016141500 A1 WO 2016141500A1 CN 2015000165 W CN2015000165 W CN 2015000165W WO 2016141500 A1 WO2016141500 A1 WO 2016141500A1
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Prior art keywords
coating
glue
filler
noise reduction
saving
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PCT/CN2015/000165
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄坚
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黄坚
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Priority to PCT/CN2015/000165 priority Critical patent/WO2016141500A1/zh
Publication of WO2016141500A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016141500A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D161/00—Coating compositions based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D161/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
    • C09D161/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers

Definitions

  • Silent noise reduction energy-saving coating has the characteristics of extremely low friction coefficient, high and low temperature resistance, good mechanical properties and strong adhesion.
  • the coating of the aircraft such as the 4 aircraft can not only make its speed double, but also achieve silent noise reduction.
  • Environmental protection effect, without changing other facilities, the noise reduction can be 20 ⁇ 120 decibels ((dB)), the energy saving ratio is about 30% ⁇ 80%, and the growth rate is 30% ⁇ 100%. This method should be extended to high-speed trains. , ships, cars, rockets, etc., is a new type of environmentally friendly paint.
  • the nanometer particle size measuring instrument After the nanometer particle size measuring instrument has passed the test, it can be used as the official filler of the coating (if there are other accurate measuring instruments); secondly, the solvent raw material must be filtered before use, and the raw materials not suitable for filtration should also be as far as possible. Use fine-structured products or use all raw materials after processing in a nano-sand mill.
  • the mixing ratio of peptizer and nanofiller sometimes depends on the bond strength of the viscose.
  • Adhesives with relatively large adhesive force and cohesive force should be selected, and the toughness of the adhesive layer can be increased, such as nitrile rubber, polysulfide rubber, and polyvinyl alcohol. A polymer such as aldehyde and an appropriate amount of plasticizer.
  • Powerful adhesives can thin the coating to optimize quality and extend service life.
  • the paint can be diluted according to the standard mixing, it can be applied, and the spraying is ideal.
  • the layer coating should be according to the performance of the coating or thin or thick coating. It should not be arbitrarily made.
  • the coating is as uniform and smooth as possible, which is conducive to the silent noise reduction of the coating. energy saving effect.
  • the filler and the peptizer must be accurately mixed in proportion and fully stirred. Generally, it is placed in a stirrer at a certain temperature (slightly higher than room temperature), mechanically stirred for 40 to 60 minutes, or pressed. Use instructions for the paint to take other evenly mixed squares law. Due to the time gel relationship, the coating should be used as much as possible.
  • the bonding strength can be improved, the drying speed can be accelerated, and the hardness of the paint film can be improved.
  • the filler of the mute noise-reducing energy-saving paint can be self-made and processed. It can also be purchased on the market. It can be multi-stage grinding to a variety of equipment (such as various physical and chemical preparation methods). The self-processing can guarantee the raw materials. Purity and shape.
  • the choice of the filler has a specified size range because it is possible to better exert the energy-saving effect of the coating growth rate after testing the interval filler. Generally, 100 nm to 10 nm is used as the “main application level” interval, and 160 nm to 1 nanometer is used as the “sub-application level” or “special application level” interval.
  • the main application level interval includes the aircraft of general flight speed: such as small and medium-sized Civil aircraft, agricultural aircraft, helicopters; sub-application level range includes all special aircraft, drones and so on.
  • aircraft of general flight speed such as small and medium-sized Civil aircraft, agricultural aircraft, helicopters; sub-application level range includes all special aircraft, drones and so on.
  • the 70° to 30 nanometer packing interval combination is applicable.
  • Other sizes of fillers that assist in the three application intervals listed above are referred to as “auxiliary grades”.
  • Auxiliary grade filler powders are generally larger than the application grade.
  • the difference between the specific auxiliary grade and the application grade is mostly between 0.5 nm and 3 nm. Special aircrafts and large transport aircraft are not included here.
  • the size of the filler should be selected according to the size of the aircraft, the weight of the aircraft, and the flight environment.
  • the top wind surface of this type of aircraft is applicable.
  • Commercial grade ; and at the rear of this aircraft wingspan, the ailerons responsible for aircraft lifting functions should be coated with auxiliary grade coatings.
  • the front, middle, rear and mid-bottom of the aircraft are also suitable for auxiliary stages in most cases (selected commercial Grade fillers or primary application grade fillers are 0.5 to 3 nanometers larger, typically 2.5 nanometers.
  • selected commercial Grade fillers or primary application grade fillers are 0.5 to 3 nanometers larger, typically 2.5 nanometers.
  • the general principle is that aircraft with a large load, the difference between the main application level and the auxiliary level of the filler is also large.
  • the difference between the application grade and the auxiliary grade filler of the heavy transporter should be between 2 nm and 20 nm, and most of it can be about 3 to 6 nm.
  • This choice is derived from flight mechanics.
  • the size of the outer coating filler of the flying object often greatly affects the flight speed, idle time and lift of the flying object.
  • the use of larger filler coatings on relatively low-speed aircraft, while increasing speed, can effectively save flight energy, so the coating of high-speed energy-saving coatings in these ranges is still meaningful.
  • the width of the filler in the paint is limited by the interval; the faster the flight speed is, the higher the comfort level is, the smaller the width of the filler in the paint is, which is limited to about five to three nanometers.
  • the aircraft coated with such a wide paint has a high degree of smoothness in flight, and the dry deflection of the air is small, and the aircraft takes off and land more smoothly.
  • the coating width is often higher and more varied. In the range of 100 nm to 10 nm in the main application level, if five nanometers are used as one width, eighteen painting layers can be produced, and three nanometers as one width can generate about thirty painting layers. analogy.
  • the specific coating levels are mostly concentrated between 40 nm and 60 nm.
  • the "main application level”, “sub-application level”, “commercial level” and “auxiliary level” refer only to the painting term of the aircraft. Only one grade of filler can be selected for the coating of high-speed trains and ships. It is not preferable to select a powder having a high purity and uniform spherical shape. Because the mute noise reduction and energy-saving paint coating objects and application environments are different, there are different requirements for the use of the appropriate temperature range, and the filler formulation also has various components due to the highlighting performance; in order to help the user better grasp the use of the paint.
  • This article only selects several representative formula examples, which are displayed here and are available for users to choose. The following are introduced separately (the following formulas are all parts by mass). However, it is apparent that the invention is not limited to these embodiments.
  • the formulation filler is a high-purity alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) 70%, boron powder (Bi 20%, titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) 10% nano-powder, mixed formula and embodiment of No. 1 peptizer.
  • the solvent is a mixture of two groups:
  • Component B is a compound having Component B:
  • Formulation packing application grade (43nm ⁇ 44nm) ⁇ 0.5nm, 680 ⁇ 830 parts, auxiliary grade is (46nm ⁇ 47nm) ⁇ 0.5nm; 680 ⁇ 830; or application grade 43nm ⁇ 0.5nm, 680 ⁇ 830 parts, auxiliary grade It is 45 nm ⁇ 0.5 nm 680-830; or application grade 43 nm ⁇ 0.5 nm, 680-830 parts, and the auxiliary grade is (45 nm-46) ⁇ 0.5 nm 680-830. (The total coating thickness of the application and auxiliary grades should be the same, or the auxiliary grade should be slightly thinner.)
  • the ordinary bisphenol A type epoxy resin is modified by the silicone active intermediate, the nitrile-40 and the nano rutile TiO 2 are added , the active filler is toughened and the reinforced resin matrix is used, and the self-made composite curing agent is used in the accelerator. Under the influence, an adhesive capable of curing at room temperature was developed.
  • the mass ratio of silicone to epoxy resin is 5:10, and the modified resin composite has the best performance.
  • Preparation of bonding sample 1
  • Preparation of composite heat-resistant curing agent Take 100 parts of polyamine 650 and 60 parts of aromatic amine curing agent, add 2% epoxy resin accelerator (DMP ⁇ 30/lauric acid II) Butyl tin) is uniformly mixed to obtain a composite heat-resistant curing agent.
  • the fillers of different ingredients should be mechanically mixed for more than 4 hours before adding the solvent, so as to mix well and finally add the filler fine powder, which is 220% ⁇ 260% (about 680-830 parts) of the total amount of the peptizer.
  • the surface is not exposed to excess filler.
  • the glue is fully cured at 30 ° C for 7 days, and can reach 250 ° C, 100 hours, and a shear strength of 15.3 MPa using a temperature range of about -50 ° C to 320 ° C.
  • the hybrid type of high-speed nano powder can also refer to the way of 2).
  • Air spray thinner acetone, etc. the dilution amount is 5-15%, the air pressure is 0.3-0.4Mpa, and the nozzle diameter is 1.0-2.0mm. Brushing; dilution amount 0-10%. It is recommended to apply more than one pass, and dry before the interval.
  • the coating solvent is modified by H61-1 aviation epoxy silicone heat-resistant paint (packing).
  • the coating can be purchased at a related coating and paint manufacturer.
  • the product is a three-component composition at room temperature.
  • the ratio of the three groups of A:B:C is 100:30:20, and 20 parts of the C group are aluminum powder.
  • the formulation of the filler is: high purity alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) 70%, boron powder (B) 20%, titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) 10%, application grade 44nm ⁇ 0.5nm, auxiliary grade is 46nm ⁇ 0.5nm uniform powder; or application grade (44nm ⁇ 45nm) ⁇ 0.5nm, auxiliary grade is (46nm ⁇ 47nm) ⁇ 0.5nm uniform powder.
  • the coating can be used in the normal condition of -50 ° C ⁇ 500 ° C, can meet the requirements of most high-speed products, the coating is best to use the spraying method, the relevant construction technical indicators refer to its instructions.
  • This product supplier is: Xi'an Leo Co., Ltd. Website: WWW.ahleeo.c o Tianjin Lighthouse Coatings Co., Ltd. Website: www.tianjin-beacon.cn.).
  • the coating has excellent adhesion, impact resistance, water resistance, wear resistance, oil resistance and salt spray chemicals, the main temperature range (Celsius) minus 30 ° C ⁇ It is 250 °C and can be widely used in high-speed trains, ships, automobiles, etc.
  • the formula (mass ratio) of HL-Q2 epoxy coal tar pitch paint is as follows: the paint consists of three components A, B and C.
  • Primer production process Put the weighed coal tar into the smelting pot, carefully heat the smelting, and drive off the water at 160-170 °C. After cooling, weigh it, put it into the paint bucket, add epoxy resin in proportion, and mix well. Add zinc chrome yellow, phenol, mixed solvent and stir for 1 to 2 hours.
  • the primer and the topcoat can be combined for one-time spraying.
  • the ratio of the primer to the topcoat is about 3:1; the total coating is preferably 0.15 to 0.3 mm (mm) after drying.
  • the ratio of spraying thinner is 0 to 15%, the diameter of the nozzle is about 0.4 to 0.5 mm, and the discharge pressure is 15 to 25 MPa.
  • the filler formulation can also be as follows: micaceous iron oxide red pigment plus zinc oxide powder (2.5:1) 40 nm ⁇ 1 nm, 290-320 parts. Use the method, first clean the painted surface, remove the oil and remove the rust, then brush, or spray.
  • the main function of the mute noise reduction energy-saving paint is to improve the speed and energy saving of the coated object, but because the working environment of the painted object is different and the types are different (such as the aircraft flying in the air, the high-speed train running on the ground, the ship sailing in the water) ), the corresponding micropowder filler and the fusion peptizer are also more varied for various reasons, and are essentially a richly-changed industrial and commercial coating combination group.
  • the paint coating of the flying object belongs to a special category, and it is coated with many hard technical regulations if the coating method is incorrect. Not only can not get high-speed energy-saving effect, sometimes there will be adverse consequences (such as the application of grade filler powder, can not be reversed with the auxiliary level).
  • the painting of the flying object is still a very strong "technical activity" and should not be underestimated. It must be strictly in accordance with the coating regulations.
  • the coating of high-speed trains and ships should also follow the preferential top wind and top water surface coating.
  • Claim Due to the different requirements of the specific painting project, the changes are more difficult to be detailed here, and the introduction is beyond the scope of this article. Therefore, it will not be described in more detail here.
  • the different properties of the peptizer and filler are briefly introduced here to help the user understand the whole picture, so as to avoid other non-professional phenomena in use.
  • the temperature outside the flight cabin of a civil aviation aircraft generally does not exceed 300 °C. In most cases, around 230 °C, the applicable temperature range is about -60 ° C ⁇ (320 ° C -500 ° C); military is -60 ° C - 1800 ° C; high-speed trains suitable temperature range -60 ° C ⁇ 300 ° C; The temperature range is -60 ° C to 260 ° C.
  • the electrostatic spraying method uses high-voltage direct current generated by a high-frequency high-voltage electrostatic generator to discharge a negative high-voltage power to the front of the spray gun through a high-pressure discharge needle (ie, a gun head) electrode at the top of the high-pressure electrostatic spray gun, so as to be generated between the positive electrode and the coated positive electrode.
  • a powerful electrostatic field is used to generate high-voltage direct current generated by a high-frequency high-voltage electrostatic generator to discharge a negative high-voltage power to the front of the spray gun through a high-pressure discharge needle (ie, a gun head) electrode at the top of the high-pressure electrostatic spray gun, so as to be generated between the positive electrode and the coated positive electrode.
  • the high-pressure electrostatic spray gun simultaneously uses the pressure of the compressed air to spray the paint out of the atomization
  • the atomized paint is placed in the high-voltage electrostatic field, and the special electrostatic paint thinner with good conductivity is added to the paint, so that the paint is
  • the further atomized fine particles are negatively charged, and under the action of the electric field force and the air pressure, fly to the surface of the anode to be coated, so that the paint is firmly adsorbed, and dried or dried to form a coating.
  • the coating is fully utilized due to the electrostatic effect, and the scattering is small.
  • the electrostatic spraying method can save 30%-40% of the coating and the utilization rate is over 90%.
  • the vacuum magnetron sputtering coating method is also one of the better methods to produce a small amount of small-area high-speed energy-saving coating, but it is expensive and complicated to make.
  • the basic principle is: in a clean and high vacuum sealed continuous container, a suitable inert gas is introduced, and then a high voltage current is applied, the inert gas is then ionized to form a plasma; the ionized inert gas is sputtered.
  • the material attracts and strikes the material to be sputtered, so that the sputtered material is struck out in the structure of atoms or atomic groups and attached to the substrate to form a variety of dense and smooth films.
  • the material to be sputtered is not limited, any solid-state conductive metal at room temperature, organic materials, insulating materials (such as alumina, boron, titanium oxide, zinc chromate, etc. shown above);
  • the sputter coating substrate is not limited, any metal film, plastic film, other organic and inorganic materials can be; c, the film is dense and even, the film thickness is easy to control; d, strong adhesion, good weather resistance; e, can be matched at the same time A variety of different sputter materials or multilayer films.
  • the material of the sputter layer is preferably a micropowder within 20 to 10 nanometers (nm).
  • Vacuum sputtering equipment is currently available on the market for complete sets of products. For detailed production methods, please refer to the description. Because the coating method is affected The limitation of the size of the vacuum container is mostly used to adhere to the very small part of the front end of the high-speed traveling object. As a limit device for reducing the resistance, the large-area coating has no precedent for occurrence on the vehicle.
  • Film-forming coating the current film-forming coating market for aircraft is very mature. This article refers to the film-forming method in which the filler in the film-forming coating reaches the range of 100 nanometers (nm) to 10 nanometers (nm). Paint. The coating is made into a film-like skin, and commercial application-grade or auxiliary-grade nanofillers and pigments are added at the time of film formation. Materials which can be a film-like skin include high-solid polyester polyester coatings, epoxy silicone (phenolic) resins, and fluorine-containing resins.
  • the combined nano-filler and pigment are added, and after fully stirring, the coating base material is obtained, and then the auxiliary agent is added, the solvent is mixed, and the coating skin is obtained by curing. Skin coating should pay attention to the temperature range to meet the design requirements.
  • the filler used in the coating should be strictly managed by a special person. There should be no dust in the production site. Do not spread it in the open air. Do not pour waste into the sewers or rivers. Nano-micron-sized micro-powders can easily form haze and affect human health. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the filler powder.

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Abstract

一种静音降噪节能涂料，由胶溶剂和填料构成；其中，胶溶剂选自环氧胶、酚醛胶、有机硅胶、聚氨酯胶、丙烯酸胶、醇酸树脂胶、氮化硼胶和磷酸盐胶中的一种或数种，填料为纳米级粉末，选自铝、镍、钛、铁、锌、硼、硅、铬、石英、云母、滑石、矾土、石灰以及它们的氧化物中的一种或数种。该涂料用于飞机、高速列车、汽车、火箭等快速移动的物体表面，能降低交通行驶噪音，提高速率，节约能源。

Description

静音降噪节能涂料
技术领域：新材料领域。
背景技术：运用新技术研发其它涂料过程中，发现并设计了本可能涂料。
发明内容：静音降噪节能涂料具有极低的磨擦系数、耐高低温、机械性能好、附着力强的特点。当涂料采用纳米技术时，被涂装物完全摆脱了摩擦力的约束实现质的飞跃，4飞机等飞行的交通工具上涂上本涂料，不但能使其速度倍增，还能实现静音降噪的环保效果，不改变其它设施，即可静音降噪20～120分贝((dB))左右，节能比例约为30％～80％，增速30％～100％，此方法扩展应中到高速列车、舰船、汽车、火箭等，是一款经济环保的新型涂料。
具体实施方式：由于静音降噪节能涂料由填料和胶溶剂组成，所以制作分为填料部分和胶溶剂部分。首先静音降噪节能涂料配制的一般注意事项，目前市场上各种金属及其氧化物的填料品种繁多，规格不一，可用如成都精新粉体测试设备有限公司(干法1～10000nm)，纳米粒度测量仪检测合格后，方可作为本涂料的正式填料使用，(如有其它准确测量仪器也可)；其次胶溶剂原料在使用前也须经过滤处理，不适于过滤的原料也应尽量选用细微结构的产品，或者将所有原料经纳米砂磨机加工后使用。胶溶剂与纳米填料混合比例有时取决于粘胶的粘结强度，应选择粘接力和内聚力都比较大的粘胶，增加胶层的韧性可用如丁晴橡胶、聚硫橡胶、聚乙烯醇缩醛等高分子和适量增塑剂。强力型粘胶可薄化涂层，优化品质，延长使用期限。涂料依标准混合后可以稀释，可以涂抹，以喷涂较为理想，层涂应根据涂料性能或薄涂或厚涂，切不可任意为之，涂层尽可能均匀、光滑，有利于展示涂料静音降噪节能效果。涂料在涂装前均须将填料与胶溶剂准确按比例混台，并充分搅拌均匀，一般是装入搅拌器中在一定温度下(稍高于室温)，机械搅拌40～60分钟，或者按涂料使用说明采取其它混合均匀的方 法。涂料因时间凝胶关系，须用多少配多少随配随用。
通常情况，胶溶剂与纳米填料混合后，能提高粘结强度，加快干燥速度，提高漆膜硬度等。
静音降噪节能涂料的填料可以自设加工制作，也可在市场上购买自加工须多种设备(如各种物理、化学制备方法设备)多级次研磨至应用纳米级，自加工能保证原材料纯净度和形状。选择填料有规定的大小区间，是因为经过试验这些区间填料，能更好地发挥涂料增速节能效果。一般把100纳米～10纳米作为“主应用级”区间，把160纳米～1纳米作为“次应用级”或“特殊应用级”区间，主应用级区间包括了一般飞行速度的飞机：如中小型民用飞机、农用飞机、直升机；次应用级区间包括了所有特种飞机、无人机等等。而对飞行速度有较高要求的商用飞机，适用70纳米～30纳米的填料区间组合
Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-000001
可称为商用级)。在每一次涂装中。协助上列三项应用区间完成涂装的其它大小层次填料称“辅助级”。辅助级填料粉一般均要大于应用级，具体辅助级与应用级之间差别大小多数在0.5纳米～3纳米左右，特种飞机、大运输机不在此列。如民航大型客机应根据飞机的大小、载重量多少、飞行环境，选用填料的大小。通常这种飞机的顶风面，迎风面(视飞机的大小，从顶端起1米～2米以内整个机头上下周围均适用)，上半外表面、侧面，垂尾的迎风面，就适用“商用级”；而这种飞机翼展后部，负责飞机升降功能的副翼，宜涂装辅助级的涂料，飞机的前中后中底面大多数情况下也适用辅助级(比选定的商用级填料或主应用级填料大0.5～3纳米，常用为2.5纳米)。总原则是载重量大的飞机，填料主应用级与辅助级之间差别也大。如重运输机(自重加载重200吨以上)的应用级与辅助级填料的差别，应选在2纳米～20纳米之间，多数3～6纳米左右即可。这种选择源自飞行力学而设计。在实际飞行器飞行使用中，飞行物的外层涂装填料的大小往往极大地影响飞行物的飞行速度、留空时间与升力。使用填料较大的涂料，涂在速率相对较低的飞行器上，虽然增加速度有限，但是能够有效节约飞行能源，因此，这些范围内的高速节能涂料的涂装仍是有意义的。在涂料涂装时，涂料中填料的幅宽有区间规定限制；飞行速度越快，舒适级别越高的飞机，使用涂料中的填料幅宽越小，大约限制在五至三个纳米左右，有这样幅宽涂料涂装的飞机在飞行中平稳度高，受到空气挠流的干挠度小，飞机起飞和降落来得更加平稳。军用飞机涂装中，涂料幅宽往 往要求更高，且更富于变化。在主应用级100纳米～10纳米区间内，如果以五纳米为一个幅宽，可以产生十八个涂装层次，以三纳米为一个幅宽，可以产生大约三十个涂装层次，以此类推。具体涂装层次大多集中在四十纳米～六十纳米之间。这里所谓“主应用级”“次应用级”“商用级”“辅助级”仅指飞机的涂装述语。在高速列车、舰船的涂装中只选择使用一种级别填料即可。要选择纯度高颗粒均匀圆球形状的粉未较好。因静音降噪节能涂料涂装物体和应用环境各不相同，对使用适温范围有不同求，填料配方也因凸显性能有相应各种组成成份；为了帮助使用者更好掌握此涂料的使用方法，本文仅遴选几种具有代表性的配方实例，在此展示并供用户选择使用，下面分别介绍(以下配方均为质量份)。但显然本发明并不限定于这些实施例。
(1号)、静音降噪节能涂料普通常规型，有机胶溶剂配方，主要适温范围(摄氏)负50℃～正320℃(-50℃～+320℃)，可应用在普通民航飞机、高速列车、船体水1部分、气车等。
配方填料为高纯氧化铝(Al2O3)70％、硼粉(Bi20％、氧化钛(TiO2)10％的纳米粉，与1号胶溶剂的混合配方与实施方式。
溶剂为甲乙两组混合而成：
甲组分：
E-44环氧树脂100二苯基膦钛酸丁酯利便催化剂适量
有机硅二甲苯溶液(Z6018)50
乙组分：
Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-000002
配方填料：应用级(43nm～44nm)±0.5nm，680～830份，辅助级为(46nm～47nm)±0.5nm；680～830；或应用级43nm±0.5nm，680～830份，辅助级为45nm±0.5nm680～830；或应用级43nm±0.5nm，680～830份，辅助级为(45nm～46)±0.5nm680～830。(应用级与辅助级总涂层厚度应相同，或辅助级稍薄。)
制备方法的说明：用有机硅活性中间体改性普通双酚A型环氧树脂，添加丁晴-40和纳米金红石TiO2，活性填料增韧增强树脂基体，以自制复合固化剂在促进剂的作用下，开发出一种能在室温下固化的胶粘剂。有机硅与环氧树脂质量比为5∶10，改性后的树脂综台性能最好，当Z6018∶(E-44)＝5∶10时，起始分解温度达到330℃，500℃时还有55％的质量保持率。
粘接试样的制备：①复合耐热固化剂的制作：取100份聚酸胺650与60份芳香胺固化剂混合，加入环氧树脂质量2％的促进剂(DMP～30/月桂酸二丁基锡)混合均匀即得复合耐热固化剂。
②取一定质量的棕红色半透明粘稠状有机硅改性环氧树脂胶粘剂甲组分，按比例加入金红石纳米TiO2和KH·550，少量丙酮稀释，超声40min，高速搅拌20min(7000rmin)使纳米TiO2充分分散，然后置于130℃烘箱中1小时，使偶联剂充分与环氧树脂和纳米TiO2反应，冷却后，加入丁晴-40和固化剂(乙组分)搅拌均匀；
③不同成分填料在加入溶剂前应机械混合4小时以上，以充分混合均匀，最后加入填料细粉，为胶溶剂总量的220％～260％(约680～830份)，(以干燥固化后表面没有多余填料裸露为准)，放搅拌器中充分搅拌约60分钟，静置60分钟，再搅拌30分钟，视所有粉末都均匀粘裹溶剂并充分反应，然后可以稀释喷涂。该胶30℃，7天基本固化完全，使用温域约-50℃～320℃，可以达到250℃，100小时，还有15.3Mpa剪切强度。(高速纳米粉的混合式也可参考②的方式)。
④施工技术要求：表面处理，有氧化皮的钢材应进行喷砂处理至Sa2.5级，无氧化皮的底材应除锈，除油，用砂轮打磨到Se2.5级，至表面粗糙度约30-40um，以提高漆膜附着力，处理过的底材应在12小时内涂完，以免底材生锈，底材温度应高于露点以上3℃，配好的胶溶剂应在8小时内用完以防胶凝。以喷涂施工为主，若是刷 涂一定要保证漆膜均匀一致，阴雨天不宜施工。空气喷涂稀释剂丙酮等，稀释量5-15％，空气压力0.3-0.4Mpa，喷嘴口径1.0-2.0mm。刷涂；稀释量0-10％。建议涂装道数1道以上，间隔时间前道干透。
(2号)、航空型有机胶配方，主要用于空中飞行器的外层涂装，涂料溶剂为H61-1航空用环氧有机硅耐热漆(分装)改造而成。该涂料可以在相关涂料、制漆厂商处购买半成品，该产品为室温固化三组分组成，A∶B∶C三组的比例为100∶30∶20，其中20份的C组为铝粉，在改造成本涂料之后将C组的铝粉去掉不用，而改用本涂料的填料粉，改变后的比例为A∶B∶C＝100∶30∶240～300，(常用比例：ABC＝100∶30∶286)，填料的配方为：高纯氧化铝(Al2O3)70％、硼粉(B)20％、氧化钛(TiO2)10％，应用级44nm±0.5nm，辅助级为46nm±0.5nm均匀粉末；或应用级(44nm～45nm)±0.5nm，辅助级为(46nm～47nm)±0.5nm均匀粉末。此涂料正常情况下可以-50℃～500℃左右使用，能满足大部分高速产品的使用要求，该涂料最好使用喷涂方法，相关施工技术指标参考其说明书。(本产品供应商有：西安利奥股份有限公司.网址：WWW.ahleeo.co天津灯塔涂料有限公司网址：www.tianjin-beacon.cn.)。
(3号)、静音降噪节能涂料综合型有机胶配方，该涂料有优良的附着力、耐冲击、耐水、耐磨、耐油及盐雾化学品，主要适温范围(摄氏)负30℃～正250℃，可广泛应用于高速列车、舰船、汽车等。HL-Q2型环氧煤沥青漆配方(质量比)如下：该漆由A、B、C三组份组成。
Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-000004
该漆底漆A組∶B组∶C组的质量比为(A+B)∶C＝100∶220～240；面漆A組∶B组∶C组的质量比为(A+B)∶C＝100∶220～230。底漆生产工艺：将称量后的煤焦油放入熬炼锅中，小心加热熬炼，在160～170℃驱除水分。冷却后称量，放入调漆桶中，按比例加入环氧树脂，搅拌均匀。加入锌铬黄、苯酚、混合溶剂搅拌1～2h。经齿轮泵送入砂磨机研磨后制成半成品；面漆生产工艺；将比例煤沥青和煤焦油加入炼锅，小心加热至完全熔化后保温再搅拌30分钟，取出放入调漆桶，按比例加入环氧树脂搅拌均匀，再加入2～3份自干型有机硅树脂(1054号)，先加少量填料粉(20)搅拌，最后加入混合溶剂搅拌30分钟后研磨。使用时将制好的底漆加入230％份纳米填料粉，机械搅拌1～1.5h，涂装使用前加入B组份搅拌均匀(如果过稠可稍加稀释剂)，然后可以喷涂；面漆混合过程与底漆大致相同，仅填料纳米粉最后混合并搅拌均匀，经纳米砂磨机研磨后可以使用。涂装时可以将底漆与面漆合并一次性喷涂，二者比例底漆比面漆约3∶1；总涂层为干燥后0.15～0.3毫米(mm)为宜。喷涂稀释剂比例0～15％，喷嘴口径约0.4～0.5mm，喷出压力15～25Mpa。
(4号)、静音降噪节能涂料室温固化舰船水下使用配方：(舰船水下部分用)
Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-000005
填料配方也可如：云母氧化铁红颜料加氧化锌粉(2.5∶1)40nm±1nm，290～320份。使用方法，先将涂装面清洗干净，去油污打磨除锈，然后可刷涂，或者喷涂。
静音降噪节能涂料的主要功能是提高被涂装物的速度与节能，但由于被涂装物的工作环境不同、种类较多(如飞机在空中飞行，高速列车在地面奔驰，船舶在水中航行)，相应微粉填料与融合的胶溶剂也因各种原因多于变化，实质是一种变化丰富的工商业涂料组合群。在这个组合群中飞行物的涂料涂装属于较为特殊的一个大类，它涂装时附有许多硬性技术规定，如果涂装方法不对。不但起不到高速节能的作用，有时还会出现不良后果(如应用级填料粉末，不可与辅助级颠倒)。因此飞行物涂科涂装仍然是个很强的“技术活”不可轻视，须严格按该涂装规定行事。其次，在高速列车、舰船的涂装上也应遵循优先顶风、顶水面的涂装，在增强它的静音降噪提速能力时，并注意加强机械能力和附着力，这是最基本的选择要求。由于具体涂装工程要求不同，变化较多本文在此难以详尽，并且介绍已超出本文宗旨范围。故在此不作更详细介绍。但应作一个特别规定：即民航飞机涂装应在航空工程师指导下涂装，或者由专利产品出售方指导协助涂装。违反此规定，造成不利后果本文概不担责。除此之外，作为胶溶剂和填料的不同性能在此稍作介绍，以帮助使用者了解全貌，以免使用中出现其它非专业现象。
1、涂料用途不同适温范围不同，如民航飞机飞行舱外温度一般不超过300℃。多数情况下230℃左右，适用温域约为-60℃～(320℃-500℃)；军用为-60℃-1800℃左右；高速列车适温范围为-60℃～300℃；船舶用适温范围为-60℃～260℃。
2、涂料用途不同胶溶剂材料品质不同，如飞机、火箭多用环氧胶、聚氨酯胶、酚醛胶、有机硅胶、磷酸盐胶、氮化硼胶溶剂；高速列车多用氮化硼胶、环氧胶、聚氨酯胶、有机硅胶溶剂；船舶用醇酸树脂胶、也有各类改性环氧胶、酚醛胶溶剂等等。
3、涂料用途不同填料的附属性能不同，如飞机、火箭要求耐高低温、导热、强附着力，高速列车要求机械性能好，抗震抗油污。自洁力强，有舫锈功能；船舶要求防锈功能、耐日晒老化、耐盐雾油污、低成本 等等。填料的不同附属功能要求填料的粉粒达到设计标准的同时，又具备牢固的强附着力，不易磨损，不易挥发，要求填料的组成成份有相应的功能性变化。
涂装方法介绍：1、首椎静电式涂装，静电涂装又分为旋杯式、手提式与转盘式静电喷涂三种方法。静电喷涂法是利用高频高压静电发生器发出的高压直流电，通过高压静电喷枪顶部的高压放电针(即枪头)电极向喷枪前方释放负高压电，使之与被涂件正极之间产生一个强大的静电场。当高压静电喷枪同时利用压缩空气的压力将涂料喷出雾化时，因雾化了的涂料处在高压静电场内，涂料中又加入了导电性能好的专用静电涂料稀释剂，而使涂料被进一步雾化了的细小颗粒带上负电，在电场力和空气压力的作用下，飞向阳极被涂件表面，使涂料牢固地被吸附住，经烘干或自干形成涂层。涂料因静电效果而被充分利用，飞散少。静电喷涂法较手工喷涂可节省涂料30％～40％，利用率在90％以上，能实现机械化、自动化、流水线大批量生产，环境污染小，涂装生产率高。缺点是使用稀释剂专一，要求严格，深腔、边角、棱角等形状复杂处不易喷到，涂层薄。手提式静电喷涂时，工作人员应注意使自身处于静电负极，即应脚穿接地靴，以防止涂料粉飞向工作人员。
2、除静电式喷涂外，真空磁控溅射涂层法也是产生少量小面积高速节能涂层的较好法之一，但是价格昂贵，制作繁杂。其基本原理是：在一个干净且高真空密闭连续式容器内，通入适当惰性气体，再施以高压电流，惰性气体于是被离子化，而形成电浆；离子化的惰性气体被欲溅射的材料吸引，并撞击欲溅射材料，如此溅射材料就会以原子或原子团的结构被敲击出来，并附着于基材上，形成各种致密光滑结实的薄膜。此方法有如下优点；a、欲溅镀层材料无限制，任何常温固态导电金属，有机材料，绝缘材料均可(如前文所示氧化铝、硼、氧化钛、铬酸锌等)；b、被溅射镀层基材无限制，任何金属膜，塑料薄膜，其它有机无机材料均可；c、膜质致密平整均匀，膜厚易控制；d、附着力强，耐候性好；e、可同时搭配多种不同溅射材料或多层膜。f、溅镀层材料宜为20～10纳米(nm)以内的微粉。真空溅镀设备目前市场上有成套产品出售，详细制作方法可参考其说明。由于该涂层法受到 真空容器大小的制约，大多用来粘附于高速行驶物前端极小部分，作为减少阻力的极限装置，大面积的涂层尚无在交通工具上出现的先例。
3、成膜式涂装，目前飞行器外层成膜式涂装市场十分成熟，本文这里是指成膜式涂装中填料达到100纳米(nm)至10纳米(nm)范围以内的成膜式涂装。即将涂料制成膜状蒙皮，在成膜时添加商用应用级或辅助级纳米填料和颜料。可以成为膜状蒙皮的材料有：高固体分聚酯聚氨酯涂料、环氧有机硅(酚醛)树脂、含氟树脂等。在调制溶剂阶段即加入组合纳米填料、颜料，充分搅拌后即得涂料基料，后加入助剂，混合溶剂，经固化得到涂料蒙皮。蒙皮式涂装应注意使其适温范围达到设计要求。
注意事项：涂料使用的填料应有专人严格管理。制作场地不应有扬尘，不要露天散放，不要将废料倒入下水道或江河，纳米微米级微粉升入空中易形成雾霾，影响人类建康。因此，必须对填料粉末加强管理。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种静音降噪节能涂料，其特征是在
    Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-100001
    高速列车、汽车、火箭等，快速移动物体的外层涂装该功能涂料，
    Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-100002
    有效降低交通行驶噪音(与空气无共振产生)出现静音行驶状态，(如大型民航客机起
    Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-100003
    静音降噪率达30分贝(dB)以下，原为120分贝(dB)左右)，此方法可扩展
    Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-100004
    航船使用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的静音降噪节能涂料，其特征是：在飞机、高速列车、汽车、舰船、火箭等，快速移动物体的外层涂装该功能涂料，使交通工具大幅提高速率和节约能源，运用得当可提速30
    Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-100005
    节能比例约30％～80％。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的静音降噪节能涂料
    Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-100006
    其特征是：增载节能效果部分来自于飞行物的涂装分为上半面与底面，底面涂装(根锯飞行物载重量大小)比上半面涂装的填料要大0.5纳米(nm)～20微米um)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的静音降噪节能涂料
    Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-100007
    其特征是；航空型涂料漆的适温范围为-60℃～500℃；高速列车、汽车适温范围-50℃～320℃；船舶适温范围为-60℃～320℃。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的静音降噪节能涂料，其特征是：涂料中填料为均匀纳米级细粉，一般应用选择范围是2微米
    Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-100008
    纳米(nm)：填料与胶溶剂的混合比例为80％～360％；单项填料粉粒的幅宽为30纳米(nm)～0.5纳米(nm)：涂料涂层干燥总厚度为1纳米
    Figure PCTCN2015000165-appb-100009
    (mm)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的静音降噪节能涂料，其特征是：涂料由胶溶剂和填料两大部分构成，胶溶剂可以是任何现有的或者尚未公开的有机胶类，无机胶类，如：环氧胶、酚醛胶、有机硅胶、聚氨酯胶，内稀酸胶、醇酸树脂胶、氮化硼胶、磷酸盐胶等等，其中的一种或者数种混合而成：填料可以是任何金属非金属或矿产物，如：铝、镍、钛、铁、锌、硼、硅铬、石英、云母、滑石、矾土、石灰等，以及它们的氧化物，一种或数种混合而成的纳米级粉末。
PCT/CN2015/000165 2015-03-12 2015-03-12 静音降噪节能涂料 WO2016141500A1 (zh)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6372028B1 (en) * 1999-10-25 2002-04-16 Hyman D. Gesser Water-insoluble hydrophilic surface coating and methods
CN1382751A (zh) * 2001-04-28 2002-12-04 任清海 一种提速纳米漆及其应用
CN1446860A (zh) * 2002-03-26 2003-10-08 日本油漆株式会社 低水中摩擦阻力涂层及降低水中基材上摩擦力的方法
CN103275599A (zh) * 2012-07-20 2013-09-04 黄坚 高速节能涂料

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6372028B1 (en) * 1999-10-25 2002-04-16 Hyman D. Gesser Water-insoluble hydrophilic surface coating and methods
CN1382751A (zh) * 2001-04-28 2002-12-04 任清海 一种提速纳米漆及其应用
CN1446860A (zh) * 2002-03-26 2003-10-08 日本油漆株式会社 低水中摩擦阻力涂层及降低水中基材上摩擦力的方法
CN103275599A (zh) * 2012-07-20 2013-09-04 黄坚 高速节能涂料

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