WO2016135475A1 - Appareil permettant de modifier l'humeur d'une personne - Google Patents

Appareil permettant de modifier l'humeur d'une personne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016135475A1
WO2016135475A1 PCT/GB2016/050458 GB2016050458W WO2016135475A1 WO 2016135475 A1 WO2016135475 A1 WO 2016135475A1 GB 2016050458 W GB2016050458 W GB 2016050458W WO 2016135475 A1 WO2016135475 A1 WO 2016135475A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
individual
brain
energy delivery
support member
energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2016/050458
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frederick BOY
Original Assignee
Swansea University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swansea University filed Critical Swansea University
Publication of WO2016135475A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016135475A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
    • A61N1/0484—Garment electrodes worn by the patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
    • A61N1/0492—Patch electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
    • A61N1/0492—Patch electrodes
    • A61N1/0496—Patch electrodes characterised by using specific chemical compositions, e.g. hydrogel compositions, adhesives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/06—Electrodes for high-frequency therapy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
    • A61N1/205—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents for promoting a biological process
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
    • A61N1/36025—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes for treating a mental or cerebral condition
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/0618—Psychological treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for altering the mood of an individual.
  • the apparatus is arranged to improve the mood of a mammal by modulating the electrical activity of the individual's central nervous system and underlying biochemistry.
  • Medication is undoubtedly effective to improve mood states and reduce anxiety, however these drugs are addictive and can cause many adverse side effects, which, in turn counteract the positive effects of the drugs (e.g., appetite and weight-loss, sleep and sexual malfunctions are very common).
  • Other forms of treatment involve psychotherapy or counseling which can be costly and can take time to be effective if at all, for example several months to several years, and if the individual is paying for such treatment this can be quite a financial burden.
  • psychotherapy or counseling which can be costly and can take time to be effective if at all, for example several months to several years, and if the individual is paying for such treatment this can be quite a financial burden.
  • an estimated 25% of patients with low mood do not respond or fully respond to the conventional solutions provided by the medical or counseling services those individuals may turn to self-medication or even worse they are more likely to develop addiction to alcohol and illegal drugs.
  • Devices have been used to stimulate the nerves in the cranium for the treatment of mental disorders, for example in US 200413870, and these typically involve placing pads on the skull and an electrical impulse is administered at varying frequencies.
  • the pads and location of the stimulation needs to be carefully controlled and this involves a medical practitioner placing the pads in the correct position.
  • a medical practitioner is involved this means that the individual is in a hospital environment and so has often reached a crisis point where their treatment is needed.
  • the present invention seeks to overcome problems with the prior art by providing an easy to use device that when applied to the head by a user, without the need for medical assistance and which allows for the application of electrical current stimulation.
  • Such applied electric current stimulation of the brain also known as trans cranial direct current Stimulation, (tDCS) appears to significantly improve dispositional mood and help and individual to recover a sense of well-being.
  • tDCS trans cranial direct current Stimulation
  • an apparatus for delivering energy stimulation to the brain of an individual comprising a support member having a first end and a second end, said first end having a first earpiece and the second end having a second earpiece, said first and second earpieces being configured to be located on or in proximity to respective ears of the individual, with said support member being configured to be positioned to pass from the first earpiece over a position on the skull of the individual to the second earpiece, wherein the support member also has at least one locator to which at least one energy delivery member can be secured so that the at least one energy delivery member when attached to the support member is located so as to be in proximity to the front lobes of the skull so that energy stimulation can be delivered to the individual's brain.
  • the apparatus is a headset for delivering electrical stimulation to the brain.
  • the support member is arranged to pass from the first earpiece over the top of the skull of the individual to the second earpiece, wherein the support member also has at least one locator to which at least one electrode can be secured so that the at least one electrode when attached to the support member is located forward of the support member so as to be in proximity to the front lobes of the skull so that electrical stimulation can be delivered to the individual's brain.
  • the stimulation is an external stimulation which typically is selected from one or more of direct electric current, alternating electric current, ultrasound, visible or invisible light radiation.
  • the support member is provided as a head-band.
  • said head-band includes at least one expandable region permitting a distance between the first end and the second end to be selectably varied to alter the distance between the first and second earpieces.
  • the expandable region is formed of a flexible material.
  • the flexible material is selected from one or more layers of flexible materials including at least one of medical foam, polyamide, polyester, and aramid.
  • the support member includes circuitry to deliver stimulation such as electrical stimulation to the brain of the individual.
  • the circuitry is enclosed within the support member.
  • the apparatus includes at least two securing devices coupled to the support member, wherein the at least two securing devices are configured to fit behind ears of a subject and support the first and second earpieces in proximity to the ears.
  • the earpieces are provided as ear pads to fit over the ears.
  • the earpieces are arranged to transmit sound to the individual.
  • the sound can be soothing music or sounds such as the sound of running water that can help relax the individual.
  • the head-set has connectors for at least two electrodes, a first electrode to be positioned over the front left lobe of the individual's brain and the second to be positioned over the front right lobe of the individual's brain.
  • the energy delivery members such as electrodes are connected to the headset by connecting members that hold the electrodes in a position forward of the headset and in proximity to the frontal lobes of the brain of an individual.
  • first and second energy delivery members e.g. electrodes are positioned over the F3 and F4 locations of the skull.
  • the first and second energy delivery members are releasably attached to the headset.
  • first and second energy delivery members include a stimulus emitter formed of a piezoelectric transducer.
  • the apparatus e.g. a headset is configured to communicate via one or more communication lines with a base unit, the base unit including software and hardware configured to analyse brain electrical activity data received a sensor on the individual.
  • the sensor may act as a feedback to monitor how the mood enhancement is proceeding in response stimulation e.g. to electrical stimulation using the electrodes.
  • the apparatus is configured to communicate wirelessly with a base unit.
  • the apparatus includes an integrated display located on the support.
  • the integrated display includes an LED or an LCD display.
  • one or more components are disposable and in particular the one or more electrodes are disposable.
  • the electrodes comprise a connector to enable the one or more electrodes to be attached to the connecting members or directly to the headset, a support body and a layer of conducting material, to enable transmission of an electrical stimulus to a surface on which the one or more electrodes are placed
  • the electrode is provided in a blister pack with the layer of conducting material being overlaid with a porous material that is separated from a solution by a separation layer such that when the separation layer is removed the porous material absorbs the solution.
  • Figure la shows a side view of various regions of the brain
  • Figure lb shows the coordinates used as representations of the areas of the brain
  • Figure 2 shows a device representation of the attachment of a linker molecule to the surface of a first particle with two sizes of particles being shown;
  • Figure 3 shows: an electrode to be used with the headset according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows: an alternative form of electrode to be used with a headset according to the invention
  • the brain is divided into various regions as shown in Figure la.
  • the nasion 1 where the frontal bone and the two nasal bones intersect is found at the front of the skull between the eyes.
  • the frontal lobes 2 are found towards the front of the skull and these are separated from the parental lobes of the brain, which can be found towards the rear of the skull by the Rolandic Fissure 3.
  • the Rolandic Fissure is found generally in the region of the top of the skull, just forward of the crown of the head.
  • Running up the side of the brain from an area in front of the ears is the Sylvian Fissure 5, which separates the front and parental lobes superiorly from the temporal lobe 8.
  • the Occipital lobe 6 is towards the rear of the brain and this is in proximity to the inion 7 of the skull which is the prominent projection at the lower rear part of the skull. If a line is drawn from the nasion 1 to the inion 7, this bisects the brain into left and right portions of brain.
  • the Sylvian and Rolandic fissures generally bisect the brain from front to back as shown in Figure lb.
  • the position F3 is located generally in the centre of the left area while the position E4 is located generally in the centre of the right area of the brain.
  • the areas of the brain affecting mood are the frontal lobes but precise location of electrodes is needed for the correct stimulation of the brain in order to alter mood. Misplacement of the electrodes can result in either no alteration of the mood or at worse incorrect stimulation of the brain which could have an adverse effect on the individual's mood.
  • electrodes could be placed at other scalp positions or at a fewer or greater number of sites, depending on the specific requirement of the medical or research application but the electrodes must be positioned over F3 and F4 to have an effect on the mood of an individual.
  • the headset apparatus may comprise means for delivering an electrical stimulus to the individual and such stimuli include tDCS (transcranial direct current random noise stimulation) or RNS (random noise stimulation) or tACS (transcranial Alternative Current Stimulation).
  • tDCS transcranial direct current random noise stimulation
  • RNS random noise stimulation
  • tACS transcranial Alternative Current Stimulation
  • tDCS involves the application of a low frequency oscillatory current, or a weak direct current, to modulate the functioning of targeted groups of neurones in the subject's brain.
  • the direct current delivered by the apparatus may therefore be between 100 pA and 3000 pA.
  • the current may be oscillated between 100 pA and 3000 pA, and between 0.1 Hz and 1000 Hz.
  • Different current intensities and frequencies may apply to different electrodes at different times.
  • the apparatus may be adapted to deliver the electric energy to the brain for any duration between 30s and one hour per session.
  • the delivery of the electrical stimulation is by means of apparatus as shown in Figure 2.
  • the apparatus is in the form of a headset 20 similar in general form to a set of audio headphones.
  • the headset has a main elongate body 22 that is curved in such a fashion as to fit over a person's head when in use.
  • Attached at either end of the elongate body 22 are first and second earpieces 24 arranged to extend inwardly towards each other from the ends of the elongate body 22.
  • Each earpiece 24 is shaped so as to either fit over the user's ear or fit in the user's ear.
  • adjustable mountings 26 are provided to attach the earpieces to the main body 22 that permit some adjustment of the orientation of the earpieces relative to the ends of the main body.
  • each earpiece 24 and end section of the main body 22 may be formed with cooperating ball & socket attachments that permit a degree of movement of the earpiece relative to the main body.
  • An electrode carrier 28 extends substantially orthogonally from the main body 22 of the headset to which a number of electrodes 30 are attached. In the example illustrated in Figure 2 two electrodes are shown, however the number of electrodes may vary.
  • the primary function of the electrode carrier 28 is to locate the attached electrodes 30 at a specific distance and orientation from the main body 22 of the headset, as will be described further below, such that when the headset is worn by a user the electrodes 30 are located forwards of the main body 22 with respect to the user's head.
  • the electrode carrier 28 is illustrated in the example shown in Figure 2 in the form of a curved bar extending from separate locations on the main body 22, other arrangements may be adopted.
  • the electrode carrier 28 may be in the form of a t-shaped bar with a central leg of the T extending from a central location of the main body 22 and the electrodes 30 attached along a cross section of the T.
  • a power control unit 32 is also attached to the main body 22 of the headset.
  • the power control unit is electrically connected to each of the electrodes 30, for example by means of one or more conductive wires.
  • the electrical connections between the power control unit 32 and the electrodes 30 are located within the main body 22 of the headset and the electrode carrier 28 so as to prevent damage occurring to them when the headset is in use.
  • external wiring may be used in other embodiments.
  • the power control unit 32 includes an electrical power source, typically a battery, and a power regulator arranged to control the delivery of electrical energy from the power source to the electrodes as desired.
  • the apparatus allows freedom of movement of the user's head when the headset in is use.
  • the power source may be located separately from the headset, in which instance the power control unit will include a connector arranged to be connected to the remotely located power source utilising a power lead, for example.
  • the power control unit 32 will simply include a suitable electrical interface unit arranged to receive electrical signals from an external source and transmit those signals to the desired electrodes 30.
  • FIG. 3a illustrates the structure of an electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention in more detail.
  • Each electrode has a base substrate 40 formed from an electrically insulating material. Attached to the substrate 40 is an electrically conductive layer 42, which in turn is covered with a conductive coating 44.
  • the conductive coating 44 preferably has a relatively high viscosity or has some adhesive properties such that when the electrode is placed on the user's scalp the coating 44 functions to resist unintended movement of the electrode relative to the scalp.
  • Each electrode 30 also includes a mounting element 46 that is arranged to releasably secure the electrode to the electrode carrier 28 of the headset.
  • the mounting element 46 may be in the form of a clip or screw bracket, or other suitable releasable mounting means.
  • Each electrode is also preferably provided with sealed cover 48 (shown in Figure 3b) covering at least the conductive coating 44 and arranged to be removed before the electrode is used.
  • the function of the coating is to maintain the conductive coating in usable state, e.g. to prevent drying out or reduction in adhesiveness.
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative form of an electrode to that shown in Figures 3a and 3b.
  • the electrode in Figure 4A has a porous medium 49, such as a sponge material that comes into contact with the scalp rather than a coating of electrically conductive material as shown in the previous embodiment.
  • the electrode has a mounting system 46 to allow for attachment to a support on a headset.
  • FIG. 4 There is an insulated support frame 40 which in turn is covered by a conductive material which is covered by a sponge.
  • the sponge in Figure A is dry. However it is possible to have a sponge similar to that in Figure 4 which can be hydrated as in Figure 4B.
  • the sponge is covered by a separator film 50 which separates the sponge from a solution that is in a in a solution 5 la that is held in a container 52 that forms a blister pack for the electrode.
  • the solution is typically 0.90% weight by volume of sodium chloride.
  • the saline is contained in a blister pack 52.
  • the separator film 50 can be removed or punctured and this allows solution to flow into the sponge 49 which leaves a void 5 lb in the container 52.
  • the wetted porous medium can then be placed on the scalp of the individual. Typically the porous medium may have a gel like consistency so that there is better contact with the scalp of an individual.
  • the apparatus is in the form of a headgear, with the at least one electrode, the electrical energy storage device (if present) and the electronic circuitry or chip regulating the delivery of the electrical energy to brain being integral with the device this allows for a self contained piece of apparatus that allows freedom of movement. This is because there are no wires etc which restrict the movement of a wearer as is the case in known devices.
  • the apparatus can be used to improve mood states and reduce the negative psychological consequences of exposure to stressful situations.
  • the invention also extends to methods for improving cognitive performance. This combined with an adjustable system allowing to properly position electrodes in position regardless of head sizes encountered in the human population. This adjustable positioning mechanism will permit to accommodate for different head size, and therefore to stimulate similar brain regions in different human subjects by individuals without the need for assistance from a medical practitioner. This is because the apparatus uses fixed location points such as the ears and a headset which has predetermined locators for the attachment of stimulators, such as electrodes in the desired F3 and F4 positions.
  • the invention has applications not only in mood enhancement but also in pain relief, rehabilitation after a stroke, relief from severe headaches and cognitive enhancement.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil, présenté sous la forme d'un casque d'écoute (20), permettant d'appliquer une stimulation au cerveau d'une personne, qui comporte un élément de support (22) doté de deux extrémités comportant chacune un écouteur (24). L'élément de support est conçu pour passer du premier écouteur au-dessus du crâne de la personne vers le second écouteur, l'élément de support comprenant également au moins un système de localisation auquel au moins peut être fixée une électrode de sorte qu'au moins une électrode (30), lorsqu'elle est fixée à l'élément de support, est située à l'avant de l'élément de support de manière à être située à proximité des lobes frontaux du crâne, de manière à pouvoir appliquer une stimulation électrique au cerveau de la personne en des emplacements précis.
PCT/GB2016/050458 2015-02-23 2016-02-23 Appareil permettant de modifier l'humeur d'une personne WO2016135475A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1503004.2A GB201503004D0 (en) 2015-02-23 2015-02-23 Apparatus for altering the mood of an individual
GB1503004.2 2015-02-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016135475A1 true WO2016135475A1 (fr) 2016-09-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2016/050458 WO2016135475A1 (fr) 2015-02-23 2016-02-23 Appareil permettant de modifier l'humeur d'une personne

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GB (1) GB201503004D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016135475A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101850801B1 (ko) 2016-09-05 2018-04-23 한국과학기술연구원 Mri 장치 내에서 이용되는 초음파 자극 장치
CN110292711A (zh) * 2019-07-05 2019-10-01 鲍玉珍 用于老年人小脑萎缩疾病的太赫兹波理疗装置

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040013870A1 (en) 2002-07-16 2004-01-22 Carolyn Sheldon Polyproplylene materials and method of preparing polypropylene materials
US20120289869A1 (en) * 2009-11-04 2012-11-15 Arizona Board Of Regents For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University Devices and methods for modulating brain activity
TWM488322U (zh) * 2014-03-14 2014-10-21 Contour Optik Inc 跨顱電刺激裝置
US20140350431A1 (en) * 2010-01-06 2014-11-27 Evoke Neuroscience, Inc. Headgear with displacable sensors for electrophysiology measurement and training

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040013870A1 (en) 2002-07-16 2004-01-22 Carolyn Sheldon Polyproplylene materials and method of preparing polypropylene materials
US20120289869A1 (en) * 2009-11-04 2012-11-15 Arizona Board Of Regents For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University Devices and methods for modulating brain activity
US20140350431A1 (en) * 2010-01-06 2014-11-27 Evoke Neuroscience, Inc. Headgear with displacable sensors for electrophysiology measurement and training
TWM488322U (zh) * 2014-03-14 2014-10-21 Contour Optik Inc 跨顱電刺激裝置
US20150258327A1 (en) * 2014-03-14 2015-09-17 Contour Optik Inc. Cranial electrotherapy stimulation device

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101850801B1 (ko) 2016-09-05 2018-04-23 한국과학기술연구원 Mri 장치 내에서 이용되는 초음파 자극 장치
US11452887B2 (en) 2016-09-05 2022-09-27 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Ultrasonic stimulation device using guide framework
CN110292711A (zh) * 2019-07-05 2019-10-01 鲍玉珍 用于老年人小脑萎缩疾病的太赫兹波理疗装置

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