WO2016131815A1 - Dispositif et procédé pour la détermination d'au moins une propriété mécanique d'un objet à examiner - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé pour la détermination d'au moins une propriété mécanique d'un objet à examiner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016131815A1
WO2016131815A1 PCT/EP2016/053246 EP2016053246W WO2016131815A1 WO 2016131815 A1 WO2016131815 A1 WO 2016131815A1 EP 2016053246 W EP2016053246 W EP 2016053246W WO 2016131815 A1 WO2016131815 A1 WO 2016131815A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
frequency
scattered
intensity
coupled
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/053246
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Heinrich Stolz
Stephan Reiß
Karsten SPERLICH
Oliver STACHS
Rudolf Guthoff
Original Assignee
Universität Rostock
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Application filed by Universität Rostock filed Critical Universität Rostock
Publication of WO2016131815A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016131815A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0093—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying one single type of energy and measuring its conversion into another type of energy
    • A61B5/0097—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying one single type of energy and measuring its conversion into another type of energy by applying acoustic waves and detecting light, i.e. acoustooptic measurements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/117—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for examining the anterior chamber or the anterior chamber angle, e.g. gonioscopes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/10—Eye inspection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for determining at least one mechanical property of an examination subject.
  • Non-invasive determination of mechanical properties of materials e.g. Tissue in medical technology, in particular in ophthalmology
  • the non-invasive determination of biomechanical properties of the eye may be helpful.
  • Filter element scattered light from the sample is filterable.
  • the device for detecting a spectrum filtered light can be detected and the spectrum of the filtered light can be determined, the spectral change depending on the spectrum
  • the filter element is designed as a band stop filter, wherein a
  • Half width of the band rejection filter is selected to be smaller than a predetermined maximum width, wherein the maximum width is selected at least in dependence on the predetermined frequency.
  • the technical problem arises of providing a device and a method for determining at least one mechanical property of an object to be examined, which allow a reliable and accurate determination of the mechanical property, while at the same time reducing the time required for the start-up and execution of the determination.
  • Proposed is a device for determining at least one mechanical property of an examination object.
  • the mechanical property may in particular be the compression modulus.
  • other or more than one mechanical property can be determined, for example (still) the speed of sound in the examination subject.
  • the examination object can consist of human or animal tissue.
  • the examination object may be an eye or a part thereof.
  • the examination subject may be the cornea of the eye.
  • an examination object can also be gaseous, liquid or solid.
  • it may e.g. also be a polymer.
  • the device has a first signal source for generating a first signal having a first frequency.
  • the first signal can be coupled into the examination object.
  • the first signal source can be arranged and / or configured such that the generated first signal can be coupled into the examination subject.
  • the first signal can be radiated into the examination subject.
  • the device can also have at least one means for coupling the generated first signal into the
  • This first signal may in particular be monochromatic light with a predetermined frequency.
  • the first frequency can be variable, in particular adjustable.
  • the predetermined frequency may be adjustable in a predetermined frequency range.
  • the first signal source is a laser source.
  • the frequency (s) of the first signal and / or the examination subject should be any frequency (s) of the first signal and / or the examination subject.
  • the examination object for the first and the further signal is at least partially, preferably completely, transparent.
  • the device further comprises a further signal source for generating a further signal with a further frequency.
  • the other frequency is different from the first frequency.
  • the further frequency can also be changed, in particular adjustable. Thus, the frequency of the at least one further signal in a certain frequency range can be changed.
  • the further signal may in particular be an ultrasound signal.
  • the second signal source may comprise at least one piezoelectric element for generating the further signal.
  • the first and the further signal can be coupled into the examination subject such that the first and further signals are superimposed in at least one subarea of the examination subject.
  • the further signal source can be arranged and / or designed such that the generated further signal can be coupled into the examination subject correspondingly.
  • the further signal can also be radiated into the examination subject.
  • the device may also comprise at least one means for corresponding coupling of the generated further signal into the examination subject.
  • overlay can mean a spatial overlay, but in particular “overlaying” can mean that the two signals are coupled into the examination object in such a way that at least one signal property of the first signal is changed in the presence of the further signal.
  • the signal property may be a beam direction of the first signal or a portion thereof.
  • the at least one signal property of the first signal can be changed by the further signal or by effects which causes the second signal in the examination subject.
  • the first signal can be scattered by the further signal.
  • the first and the further signal can be coupled into the examination subject such that the signals intersect at a predetermined or determinable intersection angle.
  • the cutting angle can be an angle between the
  • the cutting angle is not equal to 90 °.
  • the angle deviates from a maximum to predetermined low level 90 is 0, for example, not more than 0.1 °, 0.2 °, 0.5 ° or 1 °.
  • the angle deviates from a maximum to predetermined low level 90 is 0, for example, not more than 0.1 °, 0.2 °, 0.5 ° or 1 °.
  • Cutting angle 89.9 ° may be in a range around 90 °, for example, in a range of 45 ° to 135 °, but not 90 °.
  • the cutting angle can in this case be changeable, in particular adjustable. For this, e.g. a position and / or orientation of the first and / or the further signal source are changed, for example manually and / or actuator-supported.
  • the apparatus further comprises means for detecting an intensity of a scattered portion of the first signal, the scattered portion being a portion of the first signal dispersed by the further signal.
  • the feature that a portion of the first signal is scattered by the further signal in this case includes the case that a portion of the first signal is scattered by effects caused by the second signal in the examination subject.
  • the first signal may be due to
  • Density variations can be formed in particular a so-called density or sound grid in the examination object.
  • the apparatus comprises means for detecting an intensity of a non-scattered portion of the first signal, the non-scattered portion being a portion of the first signal not scattered by the further signal.
  • a common means for detecting an intensity detects both the intensity of the scattered fraction and the non-scattered fraction, in which case the intensity of the scattered fraction and / or the non-scattered fraction is determined from the scattered fraction
  • Total intensity can be determined, e.g. calculation.
  • either means for detecting an intensity of the scattered portion or means for detecting an intensity of the non-scattered portion may be provided, wherein the means for detecting an intensity of the scattered portion detects only the intensity of the scattered portion, the means for detecting an intensity of the non-scattered share, only the intensity of the non-scattered share.
  • both means for detecting an intensity of the scattered portion or means for detecting an intensity of the non-scattered portion may be provided, wherein the means for detecting an intensity of the scattered portion detects only the intensity of the scattered portion, wherein the means for Recording an intensity of the non-scattered portion only the intensity of the non-scattered share recorded.
  • a device for detecting the intensity can be designed and / or arranged such that only the intensity of the scattered fraction or only of the non-scattered fraction can be detected.
  • the means for detecting the intensity may then generate an output signal representing the intensity.
  • the frequency of the first signal and / or the frequency of the further signal and / or the intersection angle can be changed until the detected intensity of the scattered component is maximum and / or the intensity of the non-scattered component is minimal. If the frequency can be changed, it goes without saying that the wavelength corresponding to the frequency can also be changed.
  • the at least one mechanical property can be determinable as a function of a frequency or wavelength of the first signal and / or a frequency or wavelength of the further signal and / or the intersection angle for which the detected intensity of the scattered component is maximum and / or the Intensity of the non-scattered portion is minimal.
  • the device may comprise an evaluation device for determining the mechanical property.
  • the evaluation device By means of the evaluation device, the intensity of the scattered component and / or the non-scattered component of the first signal can be evaluated and the previously described determination of the mechanical property can be carried out.
  • the invention uses the interference of waves of the first signal when scattered by the further signal, in particular by the density grating generated by the further signal in the examination subject. It can be assumed that the intensity of the scattered portion is maximum and / or the intensity of the non-scattered portion is minimal when the so-called Bragg condition is satisfied.
  • the wavelength of the further signal in the examination subject can be determined from the Bragg condition as a function of the wavelength of the first signal, an intersection angle of the signals and a desired ordinal number. The wavelength of the first signal, the
  • Cutting angle of the signals and the ordinal number can be known or be determined by suitable methods.
  • the ordinal number may preferably be one.
  • the propagation speed of the further signal in the examination object can then be determined.
  • the mechanical property can be determined.
  • the mechanical modulus of the compression modulus can be determined, which can be determined as a function of the propagation velocity and a density of the examination subject. The density may be known or determinable by a suitable method.
  • the first signal may be a laser signal and the further signal may be an ultrasound signal. The following explanations are related to these signals, but may be understood as exemplary of the use of any signals.
  • the examination object can be acted upon by ultrasonic waves, so that a so-called sound grid is generated in the tissue.
  • This sound grid consists in the density fluctuations of a sound wave passing through the object under investigation.
  • the sound wave causes in the examination object a periodic change in density and thus a periodic modulation of the refractive index.
  • the lines of the grating are spaced from each other by a distance corresponding to a wavelength Xus of the ultrasonic wave.
  • the laser signal is irradiated into the examination object, the laser signal is scattered by the density fluctuations.
  • a mathematical relationship between the wavelength ⁇ of the incident can be
  • ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / (2sin (90 ° - oc)) (oc)
  • oc the intersection angle between the ultrasonic signal and the laser signal
  • m is a natural number indicating the desired diffraction order.
  • the number m is hereby preferably assumed to be one.
  • Ultrasonic signal, the wavelength of the laser signal and / or the cutting angle ⁇ are changed. If one of these parameters or several or all parameters are set in such a way that the intensity of the scattered laser signal is maximal, then the
  • Frequency of the laser signal calculate the speed of sound in the examination subject, namely by f us (2sin (90 ° - oc)) (formula 3)
  • K calculate (Cus A 2 xp) (formula 4), where p denotes the density of the object to be examined.
  • the proposed device enables a simple determination of at least one mechanical property of the examination object which is to be quickly prepared as well as carried out.
  • the device comprises at least one means for signal routing and / or shaping of the first signal.
  • Device also have one or more signal routing means and / or one or more signal shaping means.
  • the first signal can be coupled into a desired subarea of the examination object with a desired propagation direction.
  • a signal routing means e.g. a signal propagation direction is changed.
  • signal shaping the signal may e.g. scattered or bundled.
  • the means for signal routing can be a means for beam guidance of the laser signal.
  • This agent may, for. B. may be formed as a glass fiber or comprise a glass fiber.
  • the means may also comprise at least one prism, one lens and / or at least one reflector, for example a mirror.
  • the agent may be directly or indirectly, e.g. B. via a contact medium, be placed on a surface of the examination object.
  • the contact medium may, for. B. be ultrasound gel.
  • the at least one means for signal guiding and / or shaping can be arranged on a support element, wherein the support element has the opening or recess.
  • the support element can be directly or indirectly, e.g. via a contact medium, be placed on the surface of the examination object.
  • the first signal can be coupled into a desired subarea of the examination object with a desired propagation direction.
  • the device may also have at least one means for signal routing and / or shaping of the further signal. This may be that previously explained with reference to the signal routing and / or shaping means of the first signal
  • the means for beam guidance of the first signal comprises a gonioscope or is designed as a gonioscope.
  • a gonioscope can also be called a contact lens.
  • the gonioscope can have one or more reflective (s)
  • a reflective area may e.g. be formed by a mirror.
  • the gonioscope may also be referred to as a mirror gonioscope.
  • a reflective region may be arranged and / or formed such that the first signal radiated onto the reflective region is below a desired one
  • Reflection angle is reflected.
  • the reflection angle can be, for example, 89.9 ° or even 90 °.
  • other applications can also be used depending on the application
  • Reflection angle can be provided. It is important that the reflection angle is chosen such that a cutting angle not equal to 90 ° results.
  • the gonioscope may have a central opening in which the examination object, for example the eye, can be arranged.
  • the at least one reflective area may be arranged around the opening.
  • the first signal can be coupled into this substantially perpendicular to a central axis of symmetry of the examination subject.
  • the central axis of symmetry may be the pupil axis.
  • the first signal can be transmitted via further means for beam guidance of the first signal, z.
  • a glass fiber can be coupled or einstrahlbar in the gonioscope.
  • the means for detecting an intensity comprises at least one photodiode.
  • a device for detecting the intensity of the scattered component as well as a device for detecting the non-scattered component may each comprise at least one or exactly one photodiode.
  • Photodiodes can in this case be designed and / or arranged such that only the scattered portion or only the non-scattered portion of the first signal through the
  • Photodiode (s) is detected.
  • At least two or more photodiodes can be arranged at a distance such that the non-scattered component of the first signal radiates between these photodiodes without being detected by the photodiodes.
  • a filter element may also be arranged visually in front of the photodiode (s), which transmits only the scattered component of the first signal.
  • a means for detecting the intensity of the scattered as well as the non-scattered portion may comprise at least two photodiodes, wherein one of the photodiodes detects the scattered portion and a photodiode detects the non-scattered portion.
  • another one or two-dimensional sensor can be used which detects the intensity of the scattered first signal and generates a dependent output signal.
  • the means for detecting the intensity may detect an overall intensity of the scattered as well as the non-scattered portion, wherein an evaluation means of the means for detecting the intensity of the scattered fraction then determines the intensity of the scattered fraction from the total intensity. It is conceivable, for example, that the means for detecting an array of a plurality of photodiodes, in particular a CCD chip or a CMOS chip comprises.
  • the device comprises at least one filter element for filtering the scattered portion and / or the non-scattered portion of the first signal.
  • the at least one filter element can in particular serve to filter out the portion of the signal signal which is not scattered by the further signal and which radiates through the examination object. Filtering out can mean that an intensity of the non-scattered portion is reduced, in particular completely eliminated. In this case, only the scattered portion of the first signal is detected by the means for detecting the intensity of the first signal.
  • the at least one filter element may for example be an optical filter element. Conceivable z. B. known in the art spatial-optical filter.
  • the filter element may be part of the device for detecting the scattered portion of the first signal.
  • the at least one filter element can serve to divide the portion of the first signal scattered by the further signal that passes through the examination object
  • the at least one filter element is designed as an inverse pinhole.
  • the filter element may comprise an inverse pinhole.
  • the inverse pinhole may denote a device which in a central region is impermeable or impermeable to the first signal containing the
  • Examines examination object is.
  • a region permeable to the first signal can be arranged around the central region.
  • One size for example one Diameter of the central region, may be selected such that the not scattered by the further signal portion can not radiate through the central region of the inverse pinhole.
  • the portion scattered by the further signal may radiate through the inverse pinhole next to the central area.
  • the filter element is to be positioned accordingly in the application.
  • the first signal is an infrared signal, in particular IR laser signal.
  • the frequency of the first signal corresponds in particular to a wavelength of 600 nm to 1400 nm.
  • the further signal is an ultrasound signal.
  • Frequency of the further signal is in particular in the range of 1 MHz to 100 MHz.
  • the first signal source may be a means for generating laser light
  • the other signal source is a signal source for generating
  • the device comprises a positioning device for positioning the first signal source.
  • the positioning device may position the first signal source along one or more spatial directions.
  • the first signal source can be positioned perpendicular to a direction which is oriented parallel to the previously explained central axis of symmetry of the examination subject.
  • coupling of the first signal into the examination object can thus take place in different ways
  • Depth planes take place, wherein the depth is detected along the central axis of symmetry.
  • the positioning device can be operated both mechanically and electrically.
  • the positioning device may be formed as an XY table, which may be mechanically or electrically controlled.
  • a spatially resolved determination of the mechanical property can take place, in particular a two-dimensional scanning of the object.
  • the first signal can therefore be in be advantageously coupled into different areas of the examination subject.
  • the coupling of the further signal into the examination subject takes place with a predetermined coupling frequency.
  • the input frequency indicates a frequency of start times of a coupling of the further signal into the examination object per one fixed time unit, for example per second. From the start time, the further signal can then be coupled into the examination subject for a predetermined period of time. Also, the
  • Einkopplungsfrequenz a frequency of start times of a generation of the further signal in the examination subject per fixed time unit, for example per
  • the device may comprise, for example, a frequency generator device.
  • the frequency generator means may generate an output signal that the
  • Input frequency coded For example, a fundamental frequency of
  • the output signal may in particular be a sine signal or a
  • the further signal can be modulated with the output signal.
  • the modulation may in particular be an amplitude modulation.
  • the injection frequency may correspond to the modulation frequency of the further signal.
  • the frequency at which the first signal is scattered by the further signal also corresponds to the launch frequency.
  • the modulation frequency of the further signal corresponds to the modulation frequency of the scattered as well as the non-scattered component of the first signal.
  • the frequency of the output signal is in particular smaller than the frequency of the further signal.
  • the device has a lock-in amplifier device for amplifying the scattered component.
  • the frequency of the reference signal of the lock-in amplifier corresponds to the coupling frequency.
  • the lock-in amplifier device can be signal-coupled to the device for detecting an intensity of the scattered component.
  • the previously explained frequency generator device can also be signal-coupled with the lock-in amplifier device, in particular with a reference frequency input of the lock-in amplifier device.
  • the lock-in amplifier device can amplify or provide the portions of the output signal of the device for detecting the intensity of the scattered component, which have the same frequency as the reference signal. Since the reference signal has the frequency with which the scattering by the further signal also occurs, in particular the scattered component can be amplified or provided while the components not scattered by the further signal are reduced or eliminated.
  • This is a first signal with a first
  • Frequency is coupled into the examination subject, wherein a further signal is coupled with a further frequency in the examination subject, wherein the further
  • Frequency is different from the first frequency.
  • the first and / or the further signal are coupled into the examination subject such that the first and further signals are superimposed in at least one partial area of the examination subject.
  • the first and the further signal can be coupled into the examination subject in such a way that the signals intersect at the intersection angle already explained above.
  • an intensity of a scattered portion of the first signal is detected, wherein the scattered portion is a portion of the first signal scattered by the further signal.
  • an intensity of the non-scattered portion of the first signal is detected, wherein the non-scattered portion is a portion of the first signal not scattered by the further signal.
  • the first frequency and / or the further frequency and / or the cutting angle is / are adjusted such that the intensity of the scattered portion is maximized or maximized.
  • the first frequency and / or the further frequency and / or the cutting angle is / are set such that the intensity of the non-scattered component is / is minimized.
  • the change of a frequency also corresponds to the change of the corresponding wavelength.
  • further measuring conditions can remain constant.
  • only the further frequency is adjusted such that the intensity of the scattered component is or is maximized and / or the intensity of the non-scattered component is minimal or minimized, the first frequency and the cutting angle being constant.
  • the at least one mechanical property is determined as a function of the first frequency or the wavelength of the first signal, the cutting angle and the further frequency or the wavelength of the further signal for which the intensity of the scattered component is at a maximum and / or the intensity of the non-scattered proportion is minimal.
  • the mechanical property can be determined as previously explained. In particular, depending on the wavelength of the first signal, the cutting angle, a desired atomic number and the frequency of the further signal a
  • Propagation speed of the other signal to be determined in the examination object can be determined as a function of the propagation speed and a predetermined or determinable density.
  • the coupling of the further signal takes place with a predetermined coupling frequency. This has also been explained above.
  • the detected intensity is amplified with a lock-in amplifier.
  • a frequency of a reference signal corresponds to Lock-in amplifier of the injection frequency. This has also been explained above.
  • the first signal is coupled into different regions, in particular into different depth planes, of the examination subject. This has also been explained above.
  • the proposed device is designed such that with the
  • a biological tissue in particular a cornea of an eye is detectable.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a diffraction geometry of the first signal on a sound grid, which consists of density fluctuations of a sound wave passing through an object to be examined,
  • Fig. 2 shows a possible embodiment of a device according to the invention with a mirror gonioscope
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention, similar to Fig. 2, with a block diagram.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows diffraction effects of a first signal 3 on a sound grid 50, wherein the sound grid 50 is generated by an ultrasonic signal which is coupled into an examination subject.
  • the sound grid 50 is represented by grid lines 1, which are spaced apart by a distance 2.
  • the distance 2, in which the grid lines 1 of the acoustic grating 50 are spaced apart, corresponds to a wavelength of the ultrasonic signal.
  • An ultrasound standard 4 represents the Main propagation direction of the ultrasonic signal, which generates density fluctuations in the form of the sound grid 50 in the examination subject.
  • An infrared signal is indicated by an arrow 3, which at the same time also the
  • Main radiation direction of the infrared signal represents.
  • the infrared signal is coupled at a predetermined angle ⁇ to the ultrasound standard 4 in the examination subject and scattered on the grid lines 1 of the acoustic grating 50, so that a scattered portion 6 of the infrared signal is formed.
  • the scattered portion 6 of the infrared signal 3 has a maximum intensity.
  • a device according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • the device is used to determine a mechanical property of the cornea 7 of an eye, which represents an examination subject.
  • the device comprises a mirror gonioscope 40 which is placed on the cornea 7 of the eye e.g. is placed over an ultrasound gel 16.
  • the mirror gonioscope 40 has two prisms 9 which are symmetrical to a vertical one
  • center axis 70 of the mirror gonioscope 40 are arranged.
  • lateral surfaces 8a of the prisms 9 mirror 8 are arranged.
  • the mirror gonioscope 40 further has the lateral surfaces 41, which are arranged parallel to one another and extend parallel to the vertical central axis 70 of the mirror gonioscope 40.
  • this beveled lateral surfaces which are arranged at a predetermined angle of for example 45 ° with respect to the lateral surfaces 41 beveled.
  • the mirror 8 and the externa ßeren lateral surfaces 8a of the prisms 9 are arranged.
  • the mirror gonioscope 40 has an opening in which the eye is located when the mirror gonioscope 40 is placed on the eye.
  • the lateral surface 8a of the prism 9 may be mirrored or not mirrored. If the lateral surface 8a of the prism 9 is not mirrored, the prism 9 can rest against the mirror 8 with the lateral surface 8a. It is important that the first signal 3 can be reflected on the lateral surfaces 8a of the prism 9 in order to couple into the cornea 7.
  • the device comprises a signal source (not shown) for generating the infrared signal.
  • This signal source can couple the infrared signal into a means 14 for guiding the beam of the infrared signal, for example a glass fiber.
  • the infrared signal leaves the means 14 for beam guidance via a decoupling element 10 and is applied to the Spiegelgioscope 40, in particular to the previously discussed prism 9, blasted.
  • the first signal 3 impinges on one of the prisms 9, which is designed in particular as a PMMA prism, and is coupled into the cornea 7 of the eye.
  • the infrared signal is irradiated on one of the prisms 9, the infrared signal is reflected at a previously known reflection angle.
  • the infrared signal may be reflected such that it extends substantially across the eye.
  • the radiated by the eye infrared signal is reflected again with a known reflection angle.
  • the central center axis 70 may be parallel to the pupil axis.
  • the device comprises an ultrasound transducer 13, which is placed on the cornea 7 of the eye via an ultrasound gel 16.
  • An ultrasound standard 4 (see FIG. 1) may be oriented parallel or at an angle to the central center axis 70.
  • the direction of propagation of the infrared signal and the orientation of the ultrasound standards in the eye are adjusted such that an intersection angle not equal to 90 ° results between the propagation directions of the infrared signal and the ultrasound signal.
  • the infrared signal is radiated parallel to the central central axis 70 on one of the prisms 9 and reflected at a reflection angle of, for example, 90 ° and coupled into the eye
  • the ultrasonic transducer 13 is set up such that the ultrasound normal obliquely, ie not parallel to the central central axis 70th is oriented.
  • the ultrasonic transducer 13 couples sound waves over the cornea 7, so
  • Density variations with corresponding sound grid 50 are formed in the cornea 7.
  • the infrared signal is scattered on or through the sound grid 50.
  • the filter element 1 1 is designed in particular as an inverse pinhole.
  • the filter element 1 1 leaves only the scattered share 17 of the infrared signal to a photodiode 12 pass.
  • the filter element 1 1 is designed such that of the photodiode 12, only the first diffraction order of the scattered portion 17 of the infrared signal is detected.
  • the filter element 1 1 prefferably be configured in such a way that one or more diffraction orders of the scattered component 17 of the infrared signal that are different from the first diffraction order are detected by the photodiode 12.
  • the filter element 1 1 prefferably be configured in such a way that one or more diffraction orders of the scattered component 17 of the infrared signal that are different from the first diffraction order are detected by the photodiode 12.
  • the photodiode 12 produces an output signal whose magnitude or intensity is proportional to the intensity of the signal radiated onto the photodiode 12 and thus proportional to the intensity of the scattered portion.
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a device according to the invention is shown.
  • the device comprises a lock-in amplifier 20.
  • the lock-in amplifier 20 has a signal connection 35 to the photodiode 12 and a further signal connection 36 to a reference signal generator 21.
  • the reference signal generator 21 is connected via a
  • Signal connection 37 connected to a function generator 23.
  • the function generator 23 is connected via a signal connection 30 with the ultrasonic transducer 13 and via a further signal connection 38 with an oscilloscope 22.
  • the device comprises a first signal source 24, in particular a
  • the function generator 23 generates a function signal having an ultrasonic frequency, e.g. 8 MHz. By the oscilloscope 22, the generated function signal is displayed.
  • an ultrasonic frequency e.g. 8 MHz.
  • Ultrasonic transducer 13 generates according to the function signal, an ultrasonic signal which is coupled into the eye.
  • the reference signal generator 21 generates a reference signal. That of the
  • Function generator 23 generated function signal is modulated with the reference signal. This causes the ultrasonic transducer periodically, in particular with the Reference frequency, is activated. As a result, the ultrasound signal is coupled into the eye only periodically and not constantly.
  • This reference frequency is in particular smaller than the frequency of the function signal. For example, it is in the range of 5 Hz to 5 MHz.
  • the reference signal is transmitted via the
  • Signal connection 36 is transmitted to the lock-in amplifier 20 and serves as a reference signal of the lock-in amplifier 20.
  • the lock-in amplifier 20 also receives an outside
  • the lock-in amplifier 20 amplifies only the signal component of the output signal of the photodiode 12 whose frequency coincides with the frequency of the reference signal.
  • the frequency of the function signal is changeable.
  • this frequency can be adjusted so that the intensity of the output signal of the photodiode 12 and the signal amplified by the lock-in amplifier 20 is maximum.
  • the maximum intensity may denote the intensity that is greatest in comparison to the intensities that occur at other frequencies of the functional signal (and thus the ultrasound signal).
  • Output signal of the photodiode 12 and the signal amplified by the lock-in amplifier 20 is maximum, then, as previously explained, the mechanical property of the eye, in particular the compression modulus, the cornea 7 can be determined.
  • the first signal source and / or the decoupling element 10 may be movable in a spatial direction which is oriented orthogonal to the central central axis 70 shown in FIG. 2.
  • the movement can take place along an axis which lies in the plane of the drawing illustrated in FIG.
  • the movement can take place here by a positioning device, not shown. Due to the beam direction change caused by the mirror gonioscope 40, the first signal in. Can be caused by such movement
  • the cornea 7 are coupled into the eye.
  • the mechanical property can be determined spatially resolved.
  • the reference signal generator 21 and the photodiode 12 respectively signal technically connected to the oscilloscope 22.
  • the output signal produced by the photodiode 12 and thus its intensity, in particular the maximum intensity can be represented by means of the oscilloscope 22.
  • the modulated further signal and the reference signal can be displayed by means of the oscilloscope 22.
  • a device for frequency determination This may, for example, be signal-connected to the means 14 for beam guidance in order to determine a frequency of the infrared signal, in particular if this is variable.
  • a device can be for example a Wavelengthmeter or a spectrometer.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé pour la détermination d'au moins une propriété mécanique d'un objet à examiner, le dispositif présentant : une première source de signal pour générer un premier signal d'une première fréquence, le premier signal pouvant être injecté dans l'objet à examiner, une autre source de signal pour générer un autre signal d'une autre fréquence, l'autre fréquence étant différente de la première fréquence, l'autre fréquence pouvant être modifiée, l'autre signal pouvant être injecté dans l'objet à examiner de manière telle que le premier signal et l'autre signal se superposent dans au moins une zone partielle de l'objet à examiner, un dispositif pour détecter une intensité d'une proportion (6) dispersée du premier signal, la proportion (6) dispersée étant une proportion du premier signal dispersée par l'autre signal.
PCT/EP2016/053246 2015-02-16 2016-02-16 Dispositif et procédé pour la détermination d'au moins une propriété mécanique d'un objet à examiner WO2016131815A1 (fr)

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WO2023174169A1 (fr) * 2022-03-15 2023-09-21 深圳大学 Procédé de détermination d'informations de tissu oculaire, et système, dispositif électronique et support de stockage

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11083626B2 (en) 2016-11-04 2021-08-10 Iroc Services Ag System for fragmenting an eye lens nucleus
WO2023174169A1 (fr) * 2022-03-15 2023-09-21 深圳大学 Procédé de détermination d'informations de tissu oculaire, et système, dispositif électronique et support de stockage

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