WO2016126427A1 - Method for manufacturing a metal component, metal component, and turbocharger - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing a metal component, metal component, and turbocharger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016126427A1 WO2016126427A1 PCT/US2016/014207 US2016014207W WO2016126427A1 WO 2016126427 A1 WO2016126427 A1 WO 2016126427A1 US 2016014207 W US2016014207 W US 2016014207W WO 2016126427 A1 WO2016126427 A1 WO 2016126427A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal component
- coating
- nickel
- indentations
- etching
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Inorganic materials [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017623 MgSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005844 autocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007676 flexural strength test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
- C23C18/1824—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/1827—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment only one step pretreatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
- C23C18/1637—Composition of the substrate metallic substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
- C23C18/1824—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/1827—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment only one step pretreatment
- C23C18/1834—Use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, e.g. activation, sensitisation with polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
- C23C18/1824—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/1837—Multistep pretreatment
- C23C18/1844—Multistep pretreatment with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/22—Roughening, e.g. by etching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/48—Coating with alloys
- C23C18/50—Coating with alloys with alloys based on iron, cobalt or nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/10—Etching compositions
- C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
- C23F1/32—Alkaline compositions
- C23F1/36—Alkaline compositions for etching aluminium or alloys thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
- F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
- F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
- F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
- F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
- F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
- F05D2230/314—Layer deposition by chemical vapour deposition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a metal component according to the preamble of Claim 1.
- the invention further relates to a metal component and to a turbocharger which comprises a metal component of this type.
- chemical deposition that is electroless deposition of nickel-phosphorous coatings, is often used as protection against corrosion or as protection against wear of metal components, for example pistons, ball joints, fuel lines, and the like.
- the chemical deposition of a nickel-phosphorous protective coating enables a uniform formation of layers; however, it requires a surface free of defects. Otherwise, deficiencies in the adhesion of the coating to the material occur, uneven coating thicknesses are formed, and the visual appearance of the coating is impaired.
- a method for manufacturing a metal component with an aluminum proportion of more than 50 atom percent which is protected from corrosion and environmental influences as well as operating conditions.
- the metal component is in particular a compressor wheel for a turbocharger.
- Essential to the invention is hereby the chemical pretreatment provided for the workpiece, namely an etching of the metal component using an alkaline etchant E6.
- the etching with the alkaline etchant E6 causes a consistent surface with high finish quality, in particular, a specific etch pitting is generated on the surface of the metal component by using this etchant.
- etch pittings are formed, distributed across the total surface of the metal component, that is indentations which function as the adhesive base for the nickel-containing coating which is chemically applied later.
- the alkaline etchant generates nano etch pittings, that is, indentations with a depth of 0.1 to 1.5 ⁇ , and micro etch pittings, that is, indentations with a depth of 4 to 12 ⁇ .
- a mechanical interlocking or mechanical shaped connection occurs, in addition to an atomic linking of the corresponding materials, between the metal component surface and the nickel-containing coating during the chemical deposition of the nickel-containing coating on the etched metal component surface, due to the generation of the nano etching pittings.
- the etch pittings and the coating engage with each other, wherein the coating functions as a type of corset which stabilizes the compound of the metal component nickel-containing protective layer and thus develops a permanent protective effect.
- the etching and deposition of the nickel-containing layer may be carried out using standard processes without high technical expenses and with low time requirements, so that a metal component with high chemical resistance, high mechanical strength, and very good corrosion protection may be manufactured by the method according to the invention.
- the etching is carried out in an etching bath.
- the metal component may be uniformly pretreated on all surface areas and provided with etch pittings within a short reaction time.
- the reaction time for the etching may thereby be reduced in particular by conditioning the etching bath.
- a temperature of the etching bath lies preferably between 50 and 80°C and in particular between 55 and 65°C.
- a high proportion of nano etch pittings which is especially advantageous for a good adhesion of the coating to be applied later to the metal component surface, is achieved in particular in that an immersion time is maintained of the metal component into the etching bath, which lies between 20 and 40 seconds, and in particular is approximately 30 seconds. Substantially longer immersion times increase the proportion of micro etch pittings and are thus less preferable.
- the immersion time is thereby the time which is used for the immersion, and thus the introduction of the metal component into the etching bath.
- a dwell time of the metal component in the etching bath of 60 to 110 seconds, and in particular of 85 to 95 seconds is preferred.
- a dwell time in the context of the invention is thereby understood as the time during which the metal component remains in the etching bath.
- the dwell time is followed by the emersion time, which lies advantageously in particular between 20 and 40 seconds, and in particular at approximately 30 seconds.
- the emersion time includes the time frame from the beginning of the emersion of the metal component out of the etching bath to the complete emersion of the metal component out of the etching bath.
- the ratio of formation of micro etch pittings to nano etch pittings may be influenced in particular by appropriate variations of the dwell time and emersion time.
- the dwell time in particular, plays a large role herein.
- An especially uniform etching of the metal component surface is achieved in that the metal component is moved in a radially extending circular path in the etching bath. It is hereby additionally advantageous if the movement direction is reversible. These method steps have proven themselves in particular in the manufacture of a compressor wheel for a turbocharger. The etching and thus also the subsequent coating are especially uniformly developed by the rotational movement in both directions, such that the compressor wheel no longer needs to be rebalanced. The acoustic behavior of the turbocharger is thus improved without additional post-treatment of the compressor wheel by carrying out a rebalancing. [0014] A rotational speed of the metal component in the etching bath is advantageously 10- 15 rpm.
- etching composition a particularly uniform flow of the etching composition is promoted at the component, and additionally a good dissolving and removal of surface pieces removed from the metal component.
- a formation of zincate barriers or oxygen barriers may be prevented especially well by the dynamic movement of the metal component in the etching bath.
- a highly stabile coating is achieved.
- a high micro elongation of 1.1 to 2% is achieved on the one hand, in particular by the high phosphorous proportion, which enables an excellent adhesion of the coating to the metal component surface, even under the effects of high centrifugal forces such as occur, for example, during operation of a compressor wheel.
- the micro elongation is thereby determined by Erichsen cupping.
- a zincate distribution on the surface is dissolved by the coating composition.
- the charge exchange to be set thus leads to the seeding of the treated metal component surface with nickel seeds which then subsequently introduce the autocatalysis and thus maintain a progression of the coating reaction.
- a maximum proportion of antimony in the coating composition is 0.5 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coating composition.
- the surface qualities of the metal component may be further improved in that the metal component is pretreated with a solution containing saltpeter acid before the chemical deposition of the nickel-containing coating.
- the metal component is advantageously formed from an aluminum alloy, in particular a heat-resistant aluminum alloy.
- further alloy components may be selected in particular from: silicon (Si), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and titanium (Ti), as well as mixtures of the same.
- the content of the previously listed alloy components is, relative to the total alloy, advantageously less than 3 wt.% in each case.
- the metal component is preferably formed from the material AlCuMgNi or from AICu2MgNi. The previously disclosed method is therefore suited particularly well for the manufacture of AlCuMgNi components and AlCuMgNi components.
- the alkaline etchant E6 etches very selectively.
- AlCuMgNi or AlCuMgNi this means that only primary aluminum, Fe-Cu-Ni precipitation phases and MgSi2 precipitation phases are dissolved.
- the copper contained in the workpiece thereby additionally supports the formation of nano etch pittings since it remains at the surface of the metal component during the etching and reduces the etching intensity by occupying surface locations.
- the copper may be removed prior to the coating, for example, by treatment with saltpeter acid solution.
- a particularly preferred material for the metal component according to the invention has the following composition: 0.1-0.3 Wt.% Si, 0.7-1.7 Wt.% Fe, 1.6-2.9 Wt.% Cu, 0-0.25 Wt.% Mn, 1.1-1.9 Wt.% Mg, 0.7-1.5 Wt.% Ni, 0-0.15 Wt.% Zn, 0-0.25 Wt.% Ti, and Al, where Al functions for balancing.
- a metal component made from the above material is characterized by very good mechanical characteristics.
- a metal component is also described with an aluminum proportion of at least 50 atom percent, which is designed in particular as a compressor wheel for a turbocharger.
- the metal component has a nickel-containing coating with good adhesion, which contains nickel, more than 10.3 wt.% and in particular more than 10.5 wt.% phosphorous, and more than 0.3 wt.% antimony.
- the indications of quantity refer in each case to the total weight of the coating.
- the metal component may be manufactured in particular according to the previously disclosed method and is characterized by a high surface quality with excellent mechanical fixing of the nickel-containing coating in the metal component surface, which withstands high mechanical and strong chemical loads even under operating conditions or application conditions of the metal component.
- the coating advantageously has a layer thickness tolerance of maximum ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ at a layer thickness of approximately 20 ⁇ . This contributes in particular to a noise reduction of the compressor wheel.
- a particularly good adhesion of the coating to the metal component surface is achieved in that the surface of the metal coating has first indentations with a depth of 0.1 to 1.5 ⁇ . These indentations may be generated by etching with an alkaline etchant E6 and are also designated as nano etch pittings.
- the first indentations contribute to a surface increase which functions as an adhesive base for the coating such that a particularly good mechanical fixing may be obtained of the nickel-containing layer on the metal component surface.
- the surface of the metal component may have second indentations (micro etch pittings) with a depth of 4 to 12 ⁇ .
- a volume ratio of the first indentations to the second indentations is 15:1 to 20: 1 , relative to the total volume of first indentations and second indentations.
- a turbocharger is described as an independently-treated subject matter, which comprises a metal component as previously disclosed, in particular a metal component designed as a compressor wheel.
- Figure 1 shows a partial sectional view of a turbocharger according to one embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2 shows a microscopic sectional view of a section of a metal component according to one embodiment of the invention
- Figure 3 shows a diagram to illustrate the mechanical strength of the metal component according to the invention from Figure 2.
- Figure 1 shows a perspective view presented with partial cut aways of an exhaust gas turbocharger according to one embodiment of the invention.
- a turbocharger 1 is depicted in Figure 1 which has a turbine housing 2 and a compressor housing 3 connected thereto via a bearing housing 28. Housings 2, 3, and 28 are arranged along an axis of rotation R.
- the turbine housing is shown with partial cut aways in order to clarify the arrangement of a blade bearing ring 6 and a guide baffle 18 formed radially outwardly by the same and which has a plurality of guide vanes 7 distributed across the circumference, and the guide vanes have pivot axes 8.
- nozzle cross sections are formed which are larger or smaller according to the position of guide vanes 7 and which impinge turbine wheel 4, mounted in the center at axis of rotation R, with more or less exhaust gas of an engine supplied via a supply channel 9 and discharged via a central nozzle 10 in order to drive compressor wheel 17 seated above turbine wheel 4 on the same shaft.
- an actuation unit 11 is provided in order to control the movements or the position of guide vanes 7, in order to control the movements or the position of guide vanes 7, an actuation unit 11 is provided.
- This may be designed in any way, for example in the form of a control housing 12 which controls the control movement of a tappet part 14 fixed to it in order to convert the movement of the tappet part on an adjustment ring or holding ring 5, mounted behind the blade bearing ring 6, into a slight rotational movement of the adjustment ring or holding ring.
- a clearance 13 for guide vanes 7 is formed between blade bearing ring 6 and an annular part 15 of turbine housing 2. In order to be able to ensure this clearance 13, blade bearing ring 6 has spacers 16.
- Compressor wheel 17 is a metal component in the context of the present invention and is formed from a metal material which contains at least 50 atom percent aluminum.
- Compressor wheel 17 has a nickel-containing coating 19.
- Nickel-containing coating 19 contains nickel, more than 10.3 wt.% phosphorous, and more than 0.3 wt.% antimony, in each case relative to the total weight of coating 19.
- Indentations are formed at the surface of compressor wheel 17, so-called etch pittings which were obtained by corresponding chemical pretreatment of compressor wheel 17 prior to the application of nickel-containing coating 19, for optimizing the adhesion of nickel-containing coating 19.
- Figure 2 shows in detail a microscopic sectional view of a section of a metal component, more exactly, a section of a compressor wheel 17 according to one embodiment of the invention.
- a piece of compressor wheel 17 was embedded in an embedding means 21 and examined (microsection examination) by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at a 500X magnification.
- the reference numeral 20 thereby stands for the metal material, thus a material comprising at least 50 atom percent aluminum.
- the material is in particular a heat resistant AICuMgNi or AICu2MgNi material.
- compressor wheel 17 To manufacture compressor wheel 17, a compressor wheel manufactured from the AICu2MgNi material was etched using an alkaline etchant E6 and a nickel-containing layer 19 was subsequently chemically deposited on the surface of compressor wheel 17. During the etching process, compressor wheel 17 was moved in a radially extending circular path and periodically reversed in its movement direction. [0036] Due to the etching with selectively effective etchant E6, etch pittings were formed on the surface of the AICu2MgNi material. These are indentations which are formed by dissolving primary aluminum and Fe-Cu-Ni precipitation phases and MgSi2 precipitation phases.
- nano etch pittings 22 those with a depth of 0.1 to 1.5 ⁇ , so-called nano etch pittings 22, and those with a depth of 4 to 12 ⁇ , so-called micro etch pittings.
- the proportion of nano etch pittings 22 is thereby decisively relevant for a good adhesion of coating 19 to the surface of metal component 20.
- FIG. 2 shows that nano etch pittings 22 are formed across the entire metal material surface.
- Nickel-containing coating 19 has sunken into these indentations. Since nano etch pittings 22 have a very small maximum depth, namely a maximum of 1.5 ⁇ , surface 23 of compressor wheel 17 contacting the surroundings of compression wheel 17 is not deformed by the sinking in of coating 19. The surface quality of compressor wheel 17 is thus high.
- Nickel-containing coating 19 contains nickel, more than 10.3 wt.% phosphorous, and more than 0.3 wt.% antimony (maximum 0.5 wt.% Sb), in each case relative to the total weight of coating 19. Coating 19 causes a type of corset effect and adheres very well to metal component 20. The layer thickness was 23 to 28 ⁇ at a layer thickness tolerance of maximum ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ .
- Compressor wheel 17 was examined for its mechanical strength.
- the hardness of compressor wheel 17 was between 550 HV and 650 HV.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/548,107 US20170370003A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-01-21 | Method for manufacturing a metal component, metal component, and turbocharger |
DE112016000580.6T DE112016000580T5 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-01-21 | Method for producing a metal component, metal component and turbocharger |
KR1020177022253A KR20170107476A (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-01-21 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING METAL PARTS, METAL PARTS AND TURBO CHAR |
CN201680006888.7A CN107208269A (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-01-21 | Manufacture method, metal parts and the turbocharger of metal parts |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102015201846 | 2015-02-03 | ||
DE102015201846.6 | 2015-02-03 |
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WO2016126427A1 true WO2016126427A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2016/014207 WO2016126427A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-01-21 | Method for manufacturing a metal component, metal component, and turbocharger |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20170370003A1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20170107476A (en) |
CN (1) | CN107208269A (en) |
DE (1) | DE112016000580T5 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016126427A1 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20210215052A1 (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2021-07-15 | Ihi Corporation | Turbine impeller |
US11009074B1 (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-18 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Lightweight bearing cage for turbine engines and method of forming a lightweight bearing cage |
KR102475660B1 (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-12-09 | 터보윈 주식회사 | Air compressor for hydrogen vehicle including scroll volute made of Al-Zn alloy |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3066798B2 (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 2000-07-17 | 大豊工業株式会社 | Surface treatment method for sliding members |
CN101709459A (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2010-05-19 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Surface treatment method of aluminum alloy and treatment liquid |
EP2752502A1 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2014-07-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Abrasion-resistant member made from aluminum alloy, and method for producing same |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP4528634B2 (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2010-08-18 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Method for forming metal film |
CN103882430B (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2017-04-19 | 大成普拉斯株式会社 | Aluminum alloy composite and method of bonding therefor |
-
2016
- 2016-01-21 KR KR1020177022253A patent/KR20170107476A/en unknown
- 2016-01-21 US US15/548,107 patent/US20170370003A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-01-21 DE DE112016000580.6T patent/DE112016000580T5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-01-21 CN CN201680006888.7A patent/CN107208269A/en active Pending
- 2016-01-21 WO PCT/US2016/014207 patent/WO2016126427A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3066798B2 (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 2000-07-17 | 大豊工業株式会社 | Surface treatment method for sliding members |
CN101709459A (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2010-05-19 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Surface treatment method of aluminum alloy and treatment liquid |
EP2752502A1 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2014-07-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Abrasion-resistant member made from aluminum alloy, and method for producing same |
Also Published As
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DE112016000580T5 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
KR20170107476A (en) | 2017-09-25 |
US20170370003A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
CN107208269A (en) | 2017-09-26 |
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