WO2016122300A1 - Method and device for estimating individual stress in cattle - Google Patents
Method and device for estimating individual stress in cattle Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016122300A1 WO2016122300A1 PCT/MX2015/000023 MX2015000023W WO2016122300A1 WO 2016122300 A1 WO2016122300 A1 WO 2016122300A1 MX 2015000023 W MX2015000023 W MX 2015000023W WO 2016122300 A1 WO2016122300 A1 WO 2016122300A1
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- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000144980 herd Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000613 ear canal Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013481 data capture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002417 nutraceutical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021436 nutraceutical agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009394 selective breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K5/00—Feeding devices for stock or game ; Feeding wagons; Feeding stacks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
Definitions
- the profitability of livestock depends strongly on the efficiency in the fattening process.
- An indicator of this efficiency is the rate of conversion of food into meat, or cost of food ingested between the value of the meat produced.
- the efficient conversion of the food depends in turn on the breed of the animal, the climate, the energy, nutritional and nutraceutical content in the formulation of the food, as well as the genetic characteristics of the animal.
- US 4,865,044 provides a device that is implanted in the ear of the cow or fixed to the ear canal of the animal.
- the device includes a thermistor to detect the internal temperature of the cow, and also provides means to detect when the device has fallen from the animal's ear or ear canal.
- US Pat. No. 4,854,328 describes a capsule, which contains a temperature sensor and a transmitter, which is implanted in an animal.
- a receiver is placed on a tag that is attached to the animal's ear, like an earring, with an indicator that provides a warning when the animal's temperature is outside a predetermined range.
- US 4,399,821 also describes implantable devices that allow the monitoring of one or more physiological parameters of cattle.
- US patent 3,893,111 also uses a capsule embedded in an animal to allow remote monitoring of the temperature of the animal.
- Other patents have focused on the monitoring and measurement of food consumption and the weight change of animals.
- an animal carries an electronic identifier that is detected by an automatic feeding system that opens only if it is the programmed animal. The system controls the feeding time and volume consumed by each animal.
- US Patent No. 3,541,995 discloses another controlled feeding system that includes a recognition device for each animal. The device measures time of permanence of the animal in the feeding of the station and dispenses a pre-programmed amount of food for each animal. Only when another animal arrives does the dispenser release the amount of food programmed for it.
- US 3,929,277 discloses another alternative to monitor an animal's food consumption, and store this information for later use.
- the technology uses identifiers embedded in the skin or as an earring.
- US Patent 4,532,892 describes a feeding system for cattle that includes an electronic tag attached around the neck for the identification of specific animals and thus control the amount of feed that is given to that particular animal.
- the invention US 4,617,876 discloses an individual weight measurement system that uses an electronic ear tag and a scale in an individual dining room or drinking fountain. Only one cow can enter at a time.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of data capture and processing
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the local communication system
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an internet-based system for data capture and processing of an individual animal, a group, a cattle herd in a ranch or several neighboring cattle herds in a region;
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic signal collimation and detection system of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the system in question, where the identification earring used in the present invention is illustrated in more detail.
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram, where the distinctive elements, wireless communication mechanism, and weight of food present and consumed, of this invention are incorporated.
- the evolutionary prediction system of individual growth in cattle is constituted of at least one method for identifying and discriminating stress caused by group or individual events by pattern analysis in the order of individual and collective food intake in collective feeders
- a unique opto-electronic identifier (6) mechanically installed in the animal's ear capable of displaying visual information and transmitting a short-range electromagnetic signal indicating its presence in the feeder
- a container (8) capable of receiving and providing food for at least 5 head of cattle
- a sensor (7) capable of estimating the weight of said food container with an accuracy of at least one kilogram in less than 5 seconds, and recording the time and ambient temperature
- a computer with data processor capable of receiving, analyzing and processing electromagnetic waves in the frequency ranges from 120
- estimate of individual intake in cattle consuming food in collective feeders (8) said estimate of individual intake is calculated by solving simultaneous equations that each describe the total consumption of a group of animals in a limited period of time for each arrival or removal of an animal in the feeder, assuming constant individual consumption rates throughout the visit of an animal to the feeder. This process is exemplified with the following sequence:
- V1 + V2 + V3 + V4 + V5 W5 / T5
- V6 + V7 + V8 + V9 + V10 W10 / T10
- Equation (a) describes the total weight consumed W1 by the first animal that visits the feeder (8) at a constant intake rate V1 for a time T1.
- a second animal described in equation (b), is incorporated, which ingests its food together with the first animal at a constant speed V2, for a time T2, and a total weight consumed between both animals W2, in this period we assume that the intake rate of the first animal remained constant.
- the following equations describe how more animals arrive until they reach 5 animals in the feeder and finally they are withdrawn until in equation (n) there is only one cow that ingests its food at a speed V10 for a time T10 and the balance registers a W10 food consumption in this period.
- a digital scale (7) capable of transmitting data to an information processing unit, a computer for example; an earring (6) placed in the animal's ear with a visible pattern of identification by Fourier analysis (barcode or QR pattern of rapid response, for example) and an electronic radiofrequency signal emitter (passive RFID for example) capable of transmit a signal up to 10 meters away; a pair of antennas (1) and (2) capable of identifying the radiofrequency signals Li, n and L2, n received only from the number of cows feeding on the feeder (8), said antennas have physical barriers that collide unwanted radio frequency signals and prevent unwanted mirror reflections by retro reflective black surface (3), unwanted signals (9) are reflected in the same direction of incidence (IO) preventing them from reaching the detector giving a false reading, as is the case of incident signals on a flat black surface at angles less than or equal to Brewster that could undergo complete reflection and reach the detector; a traditional digital scale capable of measuring and transmitting the weight of each animal to the information processing unit
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for estimating individual stress in cattle, with a massive reduction in devices used, by means of collective scales, without intrusive individual temperature sensors, for monitoring individual and/or collective stress in cattle, and using said information to discriminate between stress caused by a disease in an animal, an event that has happened to a group of animals or a weather situation or epidemic that affects at least one herd of cattle in a region.
Description
MÉTODO Y DISPOSITIVO PARA ESTIMAR ESTRÉS INDIVIDUAL EN GANADO METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ESTIMATING INDIVIDUAL STRESS IN LIVESTOCK
BOVINO BOVINE
CAMPO TÉCNICO DE LA INVENCIÓN El sector en el cual se aplica la presente invención de manera práctica es en la industria ganadera y otros sectores donde es necesario implementar sistemas efectivos en costo para monitorear el estrés en un animal individual, y en uno o varios hatos ganaderos. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The sector in which the present invention is applied in a practical way is in the livestock industry and other sectors where it is necessary to implement cost effective systems to monitor stress in an individual animal, and in one or several cattle herds .
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
La rentabilidad de la ganadería depende fuertemente de la eficiencia en el proceso de engorda. Un indicador de esta eficiencia es la tasa de conversión de alimento en carne, o costo de alimento ingerido entre el valor de la carne producida. La conversión eficiente del alimento depende a su vez de la raza del animal, el clima, el contenido energético, nutrimental y nutracéutico en la formulación del alimento, así como las características genéticas del animal. The profitability of livestock depends strongly on the efficiency in the fattening process. An indicator of this efficiency is the rate of conversion of food into meat, or cost of food ingested between the value of the meat produced. The efficient conversion of the food depends in turn on the breed of the animal, the climate, the energy, nutritional and nutraceutical content in the formulation of the food, as well as the genetic characteristics of the animal.
Recientes investigaciones científicas realizadas en centros de investigación agrícola han demostrado que es posible, a través de la cría selectiva, identificar y reproducir ganado que demuestre mayor eficiencia de conversión del alimento que el animal promedio, esperando que su progenie herede de manera significativa la eficiencia de conversión observada en sus padres. Las investigaciones han confirmado la posibilidad de alcanzar índices de conversión similares a los ya alcanzados en la industria del cerdo y pollo. Recent scientific research carried out in agricultural research centers has shown that it is possible, through selective breeding, to identify and reproduce cattle that demonstrate greater feed conversion efficiency than the average animal, hoping that their progeny will significantly inherit the efficiency of conversion observed in their parents. Research has confirmed the possibility of achieving conversion rates similar to those already achieved in the pork and chicken industry.
La eficiencia de conversión de un animal individual co-alimentado en condiciones tradicionales es difícil de medir debido a la dificultad inherente de determinar la cantidad de alimento que cada animal individual ha consumido en el comedero común. The conversion efficiency of an individual animal co-fed under traditional conditions is difficult to measure due to the inherent difficulty in determining the amount of food that each individual animal has consumed in the common feeder.
Varias invenciones han sido desarrolladas para monitorear el comportamiento del ganado en una granja o rancho, con el fin de detectar enfermedades o estrés antes que sea tarde. El monitoreo típicamente involucra sensores diseñados para ser
implantados en el animal, insertado en un conducto corporal o fijados a la oreja o cola del animal. Los implantes o insertos dispositivos son imprácticos y costosos debido a que son difíciles de insertar o son fácilmente desalojados o expulsados por el animal. Además, la implantación de los dispositivos a través de una incisión en sí crea un riesgo de infección y enfermedades. Several inventions have been developed to monitor the behavior of cattle on a farm or ranch, in order to detect diseases or stress before it is late. Monitoring typically involves sensors designed to be implanted in the animal, inserted into a body duct or attached to the animal's ear or tail. Implants or device inserts are impractical and expensive because they are difficult to insert or are easily evicted or expelled by the animal. In addition, the implantation of the devices through an incision itself creates a risk of infection and disease.
La patente US 4.865.044 proporciona un dispositivo que se implanta en la oreja de la vaca o se fija al conducto auditivo del animal. El dispositivo incluye un termistor para detectar la temperatura interna de la vaca, y también proporciona medios para detectar cuando el dispositivo ha caído de oído o canal auditivo del animal. Del mismo modo, la patente US. No. 4.854.328 describe una cápsula, que contiene un sensor de temperatura y un transmisor, que se implanta en un animal. Un receptor se coloca en una etiqueta que se fija a la oreja del animal, a manera de arete, con un indicador que proporciona una advertencia cuando la temperatura del animal está fuera de un intervalo predeterminado. Una variación a este enfoque es propuesto por la invención US 3.781.837, la cual proporciona un dispositivo electrónico que se sujeta alrededor del cuello del animal y que está conectado a un elemento sensor termistor que se implanta en uno de los canales del oído del animal. Cuando el sensor de temperatura indica que la temperatura interior del animal está fuera de un rango predeterminado, un reproductor de audio proporciona genera una señal de para indicar que el animal debe recibir el tratamiento. US 4,865,044 provides a device that is implanted in the ear of the cow or fixed to the ear canal of the animal. The device includes a thermistor to detect the internal temperature of the cow, and also provides means to detect when the device has fallen from the animal's ear or ear canal. Similarly, US Pat. No. 4,854,328 describes a capsule, which contains a temperature sensor and a transmitter, which is implanted in an animal. A receiver is placed on a tag that is attached to the animal's ear, like an earring, with an indicator that provides a warning when the animal's temperature is outside a predetermined range. A variation on this approach is proposed by the invention US 3,781,837, which provides an electronic device that is held around the neck of the animal and that is connected to a thermistor sensing element that is implanted in one of the animal's ear canals. . When the temperature sensor indicates that the animal's internal temperature is outside a predetermined range, an audio player provides generates a signal to indicate that the animal should be treated.
La patente US 4.399.821 describe también dispositivos implantables que permitan el seguimiento de uno o más parámetros fisiológicos del ganado. La patente US. 3.893.111 utiliza también una cápsula incrustada en un animal para permitir el monitoreo remoto de la temperatura del animal. Otras patentes se han centrado en el seguimiento y la medición de la alimentación el consumo y el cambio de peso de los animales. En la patente US. No. 3.465.724, un animal lleva un identificador electrónico que es detectado por un sistema de alimentación automático que se abre sólo si es el animal programado. El sistema controla el tiempo de alimentación y volumen consumido por cada animal. La patente US No. 3.541.995 da a conocer otro sistema de alimentación controlada que incluye un dispositivo de reconocimiento de cada animal. El dispositivo mide el tiempo
de permanencia del animal en la alimentación de la estación y dispensa una cantidad pre programada de alimento para cada animal. Sólo cuando otro animal llega el dispensador libera la cantidad de alimento programada para este. US 4,399,821 also describes implantable devices that allow the monitoring of one or more physiological parameters of cattle. US patent 3,893,111 also uses a capsule embedded in an animal to allow remote monitoring of the temperature of the animal. Other patents have focused on the monitoring and measurement of food consumption and the weight change of animals. In the US patent. No. 3,465,724, an animal carries an electronic identifier that is detected by an automatic feeding system that opens only if it is the programmed animal. The system controls the feeding time and volume consumed by each animal. US Patent No. 3,541,995 discloses another controlled feeding system that includes a recognition device for each animal. The device measures time of permanence of the animal in the feeding of the station and dispenses a pre-programmed amount of food for each animal. Only when another animal arrives does the dispenser release the amount of food programmed for it.
La tecnología descrita en US 3.929.277 da a conocer otro alternativa para monitorear el consumo de alimento de un animal, y almacenar esta información para posterior uso. La tecnología utiliza identificadores incrustados en la piel o a manera de arete. The technology described in US 3,929,277 discloses another alternative to monitor an animal's food consumption, and store this information for later use. The technology uses identifiers embedded in the skin or as an earring.
La patente US 4.532.892 describe un sistema de alimentación para ganado bovino que incluye una etiqueta electrónica fijada alrededor del cuello para la identificación de animales específicos y así controlar la cantidad de alimentación que se dispensa a ese animal en particular. US Patent 4,532,892 describes a feeding system for cattle that includes an electronic tag attached around the neck for the identification of specific animals and thus control the amount of feed that is given to that particular animal.
La invención US 4.617.876 da a conocer un sistema de medición de peso individual que utiliza una etiqueta electrónica de oreja y una balanza en un comedor o bebedero individual. Sólo una vaca puede entrar a la vez. The invention US 4,617,876 discloses an individual weight measurement system that uses an electronic ear tag and a scale in an individual dining room or drinking fountain. Only one cow can enter at a time.
Las invenciones antes descritas son solo un ejemplo de las tecnologías disponibles con el objetivo de monitorear estrés en los animales o controlar la cantidad y tipo de alimento que estos ingieren. Sin embargo, la gran mayoría de los productores ganaderos no ha integrado estas tecnologías en sus procesos debido a los altos costos de implementación, y en algunos casos por ser muy intrusivos. Estas tecnologías requieren el uso de comederos y balanzas individuales, aumentando considerablemente los costos de inversión y operación de una unidad de producción pecuaria.
The inventions described above are only an example of the technologies available with the objective of monitoring stress in animals or controlling the amount and type of food they eat. However, the vast majority of livestock producers have not integrated these technologies into their processes due to high implementation costs, and in some cases because they are very intrusive. These technologies require the use of feeders and individual balances, considerably increasing the investment and operation costs of a livestock production unit.
DESCRIPCION DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Los detalles característicos de la presente invención, se muestran claramente en la siguiente descripción y en las figuras que se acompañan, las cuales se mencionan a manera de ejemplo, por lo que no deben considerarse como una limitante para dicha invención. The characteristic details of the present invention are clearly shown in the following description and in the accompanying figures, which are mentioned by way of example, and therefore should not be considered as a limitation for said invention.
Breve descripción de las figuras: Brief description of the figures:
La Figura 1 es un diagrama de flujo de captura y procesamiento de datos Figure 1 is a flowchart of data capture and processing
La Figura 2 es un diagrama esquemático del sistema local de comunicación Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the local communication system
La Figura 3 es un diagrama esquemático de un sistema basado en el internet para captura y procesamiento de datos de un animal individual, un grupo, un hato ganadero en un rancho o varios hatos ganaderos colindantes en una región; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an internet-based system for data capture and processing of an individual animal, a group, a cattle herd in a ranch or several neighboring cattle herds in a region;
La figura 4 es un diagrama esquemático del sistema de colimación y detección de señales electromagnéticas, de la presente invención. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic signal collimation and detection system of the present invention.
La figura 5 es diagrama esquemático del sistema en cuestión, donde se ilustra más a detalle el arete de identificación utilizado en la presente invención. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the system in question, where the identification earring used in the present invention is illustrated in more detail.
La figura 6 es un diagrama esquemático, en donde se incorporan los elementos distintivos, mecanismo de comunicación inalámbrica, y peso de alimento presente y consumido, de esta invención. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram, where the distinctive elements, wireless communication mechanism, and weight of food present and consumed, of this invention are incorporated.
Con respecto a las figuras antes enlistadas, el sistema de predicción evolutiva de crecimiento individual en ganado bovino, de la presente invención, se constituye de, al menos un método para identificar y discriminar estrés causado por eventos grupales o individuales mediante análisis de patrones en el orden de ingesta individual y colectiva de alimento en comederos colectivos que comprende: un identificador opto-electrónico único (6) instalado mecánicamente en la oreja del animal capaz de desplegar información visual y transmitir una señal electromagnética de corto alcance indicando su presencia en el comedero; un contenedor (8) capaz de recibir y proveer alimento para al menos 5 cabezas de ganado mayor; un par de antenas (1) y (2) capaces de recibir, discriminar y analizar el código e intensidad de la señal electromagnética única producida por dicho identificador opto electrónico, mediante paredes de colimación
recubiertas por pintura negra retro reflectiva (3) capaces de inhibir reflexiones especulares de señales de radiofrecuencia no deseadas; un sensor (7) capaz de estimar el peso de dicho contenedor de alimento con una precisión de al menos un kilogramo en menos de 5 segundos, y registrar el tiempo y temperatura ambiental; un equipo de cómputo con procesador de datos capaz de recibir, analizar y procesar ondas electromagnéticas en los rangos de frecuencia de 120 a 150 KHz y 2,400 a 5,800 MHz; un conjunto de algoritmos matemáticos capaces de establecer un modelo multifactorial cuyos factores incluyen el calor acumulado durante el día en cada animal, así como el orden, frecuencia y duración de cada una de sus visitas al comedero (7), y las respuestas observadas pueden identificar estrés por calor acumulado observado en la mayoría de los animales o enfermedad posible de ese animal, dicho calor acumulado es estimado a partir de un modelo multifactorial cuyos factores incluyen temperatura ambiental, factor de conversión de alimento y peso del animal; With respect to the figures listed above, the evolutionary prediction system of individual growth in cattle, of the present invention, is constituted of at least one method for identifying and discriminating stress caused by group or individual events by pattern analysis in the order of individual and collective food intake in collective feeders comprising: a unique opto-electronic identifier (6) mechanically installed in the animal's ear capable of displaying visual information and transmitting a short-range electromagnetic signal indicating its presence in the feeder; a container (8) capable of receiving and providing food for at least 5 head of cattle; a pair of antennas (1) and (2) capable of receiving, discriminating and analyzing the code and intensity of the unique electromagnetic signal produced by said electronic opto identifier, by means of collimation walls coated by retro reflective black paint (3) capable of inhibiting mirror reflections of unwanted radiofrequency signals; a sensor (7) capable of estimating the weight of said food container with an accuracy of at least one kilogram in less than 5 seconds, and recording the time and ambient temperature; a computer with data processor capable of receiving, analyzing and processing electromagnetic waves in the frequency ranges from 120 to 150 KHz and 2,400 to 5,800 MHz; a set of mathematical algorithms capable of establishing a multifactorial model whose factors include the heat accumulated during the day in each animal, as well as the order, frequency and duration of each of its visits to the feeder (7), and the observed responses can identify accumulated heat stress observed in the majority of animals or possible disease of that animal, said accumulated heat is estimated from a multifactorial model whose factors include ambient temperature, feed conversion factor and animal weight;
La estimación de ingesta individual en ganado consumiendo alimento en comederos colectivos (8), dicha estimación de ingesta individual es calculada mediante solución de ecuaciones simultaneas que describen cada una el consumo total de un grupo de animales en un periodo de tiempo acotado por cada llegada o retiro de un animal en el comedero, suponiendo velocidades de consumo individual constantes durante toda la visita de un animal al comedero. Este proceso se ejemplifica con la siguiente secuencia: The estimate of individual intake in cattle consuming food in collective feeders (8), said estimate of individual intake is calculated by solving simultaneous equations that each describe the total consumption of a group of animals in a limited period of time for each arrival or removal of an animal in the feeder, assuming constant individual consumption rates throughout the visit of an animal to the feeder. This process is exemplified with the following sequence:
(a) V1*T1 = W1 (a) V1 * T1 = W1
(b) V1+V2=W2 (b) V1 + V2 = W2
(c) V1+V2+V3=W3/T3 (c) V1 + V2 + V3 = W3 / T3
(d) V1+V2+V3+V4=W4/T4 (d) V1 + V2 + V3 + V4 = W4 / T4
(e) V1+V2+V3+V4+V5=W5/T5 (e) V1 + V2 + V3 + V4 + V5 = W5 / T5
(f) V2+V3+V4+V5+V6 = W6/T6 (f) V2 + V3 + V4 + V5 + V6 = W6 / T6
(g) V3+V4+V5+V6+V7 = W7/T7 (g) V3 + V4 + V5 + V6 + V7 = W7 / T7
(h) V4+V5+V6+V7+V8 = W8/T8 (h) V4 + V5 + V6 + V7 + V8 = W8 / T8
(i) V5+V6+V7+V8+V9 = W9/T9 (i) V5 + V6 + V7 + V8 + V9 = W9 / T9
0) V6+V7+V8+V9+V10= W10/T10 0) V6 + V7 + V8 + V9 + V10 = W10 / T10
(k) V7+V8+V9+V10= W 1/T1 (k) V7 + V8 + V9 + V10 = W 1 / T1
(I) V8+V9+V10= W12/T12
(m) V9+V10= W13 T13 (I) V8 + V9 + V10 = W12 / T12 (m) V9 + V10 = W13 T13
(n) V10= W14/T14 (n) V10 = W14 / T14
La ecuación (a) describe el peso total consumido W1 por el primer animal que visita el comedero (8) a una velocidad constante de ingesta V1 durante un tiempo T1. En seguida se incorpora un segundo animal, descrito en ecuación (b), que ingiere sus alimentos junto con el primer animal a una velocidad constante V2, durante un tiempo T2, y un peso total consumido entre ambos animales W2, en este periodo suponemos que la velocidad de ingesta del primer animal se mantuvo constante. Las siguientes ecuaciones describen como van llegando más animales hasta llegar a 5 animales en el comedero y finalmente se van retirando hasta que en ecuación (n) queda sola una vaca que ingiere sus alimentos a una velocidad V10 durante un tiempo T10 y la balanza registra un consumo de alimentos W10 en este periodo. Dado que los pesos y los tiempos son registrados por la balanza, las 10 velocidades de consumo individual son las incógnitas en 14 ecuaciones que habrán de resolverse de manera simultánea. El mayor número de ecuaciones que incógnitas en este caso permite modelar y estimar adicionalmente 1 cambio en la velocidad de ingesta de 4 animales, al pasar de un periodo a otro. Los periodos están acotados por la llegada o retirada de un animal al comedero. Equation (a) describes the total weight consumed W1 by the first animal that visits the feeder (8) at a constant intake rate V1 for a time T1. Next, a second animal, described in equation (b), is incorporated, which ingests its food together with the first animal at a constant speed V2, for a time T2, and a total weight consumed between both animals W2, in this period we assume that the intake rate of the first animal remained constant. The following equations describe how more animals arrive until they reach 5 animals in the feeder and finally they are withdrawn until in equation (n) there is only one cow that ingests its food at a speed V10 for a time T10 and the balance registers a W10 food consumption in this period. Since weights and times are recorded by the balance, the 10 individual consumption speeds are the unknowns in 14 equations to be solved simultaneously. The greater number of equations that are unknown in this case allows modeling and additionally estimating 1 change in the intake rate of 4 animals, going from one period to another. The periods are limited by the arrival or withdrawal of an animal to the feeder.
Es poco probable, pero posible también que un día dos animales lleguen y abandonen el comedero casi simultáneamente, en cuyo caso será difícil determinar los consumos individuales y se estimará sólo el consumo de ambos animales, al siguiente día el consumo individual de estos dos animales será estimado como un promedio de su consumo los días anterior y posterior, con la restricción de que ambos consumos deberán igualar el consumo estimado el día anterior. La captura de peso de alimento consumido por el grupo de uno o más animales mediante balanza digital (7) con capacidad de transmitir datos a una unidad de procesamiento de información, una computadora por ejemplo; un arete (6) colocado en la oreja del animal con patrón visible de identificación por análisis de Fourier (código de barras o patrón QR de respuesta rápida, por ejemplo) y un emisor electrónico de señal de radiofrecuencia (RFID pasivo por ejemplo) capaz de transmitir una señal hasta 10 metros de distancia; un par de antenas (1) y (2) capaces de identificar las señales de radiofrecuencia Li ,n y L2,n recibidas únicamente del n arete de vacas alimentándose en
el comedero (8), dichas antenas cuentan con barreras físicas que coliman las señales de radiofrecuencia no deseadas y previenen reflexiones especulares no deseadas mediante superficie retro reflectiva de color negro (3), las señales no deseadas (9) se reflejan en la misma dirección de incidencia(IO) previniendo que lleguen al detector dando una falsa lectura, como es el caso de señales incidentes sobre una superficie negra plana a ángulos menores o iguales al de Brewster que podrían sufrir reflexión completa y llegar al detector; una balanza digital tradicional capaz de medir y transmitir el peso de cada animal a la unidad de procesamiento de información; una unidad de procesamiento de información con algoritmos de correlación multivariable por superficies de respuesta de segundo grado capaces de modelar la curva multidimensional de consumo - ganancia de peso por animal y extrapolar en el tiempo para predecir el tiempo en que alcanzará el peso predeterminado para sacrificio del animal, así como la demanda individual y colectiva de alimento, dicha ecuación de predicción será ajustada cada vez que un nuevo conjunto de datos sea capturado;
It is unlikely, but also possible that one day two animals arrive and leave the feeder almost simultaneously, in which case it will be difficult to determine individual consumption and only the consumption of both animals will be estimated, the next day the individual consumption of these two animals will be estimated as an average of its consumption the previous and subsequent days, with the restriction that both consumptions should match the estimated consumption the previous day. The capture of food weight consumed by the group of one or more animals by means of a digital scale (7) capable of transmitting data to an information processing unit, a computer for example; an earring (6) placed in the animal's ear with a visible pattern of identification by Fourier analysis (barcode or QR pattern of rapid response, for example) and an electronic radiofrequency signal emitter (passive RFID for example) capable of transmit a signal up to 10 meters away; a pair of antennas (1) and (2) capable of identifying the radiofrequency signals Li, n and L2, n received only from the number of cows feeding on the feeder (8), said antennas have physical barriers that collide unwanted radio frequency signals and prevent unwanted mirror reflections by retro reflective black surface (3), unwanted signals (9) are reflected in the same direction of incidence (IO) preventing them from reaching the detector giving a false reading, as is the case of incident signals on a flat black surface at angles less than or equal to Brewster that could undergo complete reflection and reach the detector; a traditional digital scale capable of measuring and transmitting the weight of each animal to the information processing unit; an information processing unit with multivariable correlation algorithms for second-degree response surfaces capable of modeling the multidimensional consumption-weight gain curve per animal and extrapolating over time to predict the time it will reach the predetermined weight for slaughter of the animal, as well as individual and collective demand for food, said prediction equation will be adjusted each time a new data set is captured;
Claims
1. Un sistema de procesamiento de datos para identificar y discriminar estrés causado por eventos grupales o individuales mediante análisis de patrones en el orden de ingesta individual y colectiva de alimento en comederos colectivos que comprende: un identificador opto-electrónico único instalado mecánicamente en la oreja del animal capaz de desplegar información visual y transmitir una señal electromagnética de corto alcance indicando su presencia en el comedero; un contenedor capaz de recibir y proveer alimento para al menos 5 cabezas de ganado mayor; un par de antenas capaces de recibir, discriminar y analizar el código e intensidad de la señal electromagnética única producida por dicho identificador opto electrónico, mediante paredes de colimación recubiertas por pintura negra retro reflectiva capaces de inhibir reflexiones especulares de señales de radiofrecuencia no deseadas; un sensor capaz de estimar el peso de dicho contenedor de alimento con una precisión de al menos un kilogramo en menos de 5 segundos; un equipo de cómputo con procesador de datos capaz de recibir, analizar y procesar ondas electromagnéticas en los rangos de frecuencia de 120 a 150 KHz y 2,400 a 5,800 Hz; un conjunto de algoritmos matemáticos capaces de establecer un modelo multifactorial cuyos factores incluyen el calor acumulado durante el día en cada animal, así como el orden, frecuencia y duración de cada una de sus visitas al comedero, y las respuestas observadas pueden identificar estrés por calor acumulado observado en la mayoría de los animales o enfermedad posible de ese animal; 1. A data processing system to identify and discriminate stress caused by group or individual events through pattern analysis in the order of individual and collective food intake in collective feeders comprising: a unique opto-electronic identifier mechanically installed in the ear of the animal capable of displaying visual information and transmitting a short-range electromagnetic signal indicating its presence in the feeder; a container capable of receiving and providing food for at least 5 head of cattle; a pair of antennas capable of receiving, discriminating and analyzing the code and intensity of the unique electromagnetic signal produced by said electronic opto identifier, by means of collimation walls covered by retro reflective black paint capable of inhibiting specular reflections of unwanted radiofrequency signals; a sensor capable of estimating the weight of said food container with an accuracy of at least one kilogram in less than 5 seconds; a computer with data processor capable of receiving, analyzing and processing electromagnetic waves in the frequency ranges from 120 to 150 KHz and 2,400 to 5,800 Hz; a set of mathematical algorithms capable of establishing a multifactorial model whose factors include the heat accumulated during the day in each animal, as well as the order, frequency and duration of each of its visits to the feeder, and the observed responses can identify heat stress accumulated observed in most animals or possible disease of that animal;
2. Un sistema como el descrito en reivindicación 1, donde las ecuaciones de modelación de patrones de consumo individual y colectivo detectan cambios significativos y generan alarmas audiovisuales indicando un posible evento no deseado que requiere atención a un animal o uno o varios hatos ganaderos en un rancho o una región geográfica, estos cambios en los patrones pueden ser de velocidad o tiempos de ingesta; 2. A system as described in claim 1, wherein the modeling equations of individual and collective consumption patterns detect significant changes and generate audiovisual alarms indicating a possible unwanted event that requires attention to an animal or one or more livestock herds in a ranch or a geographical region, these changes in patterns can be speed or intake times;
3. Un sistema como el descrito en reivindicación 1 , donde los comederos pueden albergar hasta 10 vacas con repetidores de señal instalados entre las dos antenas.
3. A system as described in claim 1, wherein the feeders can house up to 10 cows with signal repeaters installed between the two antennas.
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| PCT/MX2015/000023 WO2016122300A1 (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2015-01-27 | Method and device for estimating individual stress in cattle |
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| PCT/MX2015/000023 WO2016122300A1 (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2015-01-27 | Method and device for estimating individual stress in cattle |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108812407A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-16 | 平安科技（深圳）有限公司 | Animal health status monitoring method, equipment and storage medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014118788A2 (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-07 | Faunus Ltd. | Early warning system and/or optical monitoring of livestock including poultry |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2014118788A2 (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-07 | Faunus Ltd. | Early warning system and/or optical monitoring of livestock including poultry |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| CHAPINAL N. ET AL.: "Technical Note: Validation of a System for Monitoring Individual Feeding and Drinking Behavior and Intake in Group-Housed Cattle''.", JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, vol. 90, no. 12, pages 5732 - 5736, XP026956329, ISSN: 0022-0302 * |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108812407A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-16 | 平安科技（深圳）有限公司 | Animal health status monitoring method, equipment and storage medium |
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