WO2016119668A1 - 适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统 - Google Patents

适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016119668A1
WO2016119668A1 PCT/CN2016/072080 CN2016072080W WO2016119668A1 WO 2016119668 A1 WO2016119668 A1 WO 2016119668A1 CN 2016072080 W CN2016072080 W CN 2016072080W WO 2016119668 A1 WO2016119668 A1 WO 2016119668A1
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Prior art keywords
tray
biomass
baking
pretreatment system
discharge port
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PCT/CN2016/072080
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶普海
王敬
黄志军
蔡海燕
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武汉凯迪工程技术研究总院有限公司
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Publication of WO2016119668A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016119668A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of biomass energy technology, in particular to a biomass pretreatment system suitable for gasification of an entrained flow bed.
  • Biomass is an organic matter formed by photosynthesis. It has the characteristics of huge reserves, wide distribution and zero carbon dioxide emissions after combustion and gasification. It is an important renewable energy source.
  • the dispersion of biomass, high water content, high oxygen content and difficult to break characteristics limit the large-scale gasification utilization of biomass.
  • the existing biomass gasification technologies include fixed bed gasification technology, fluidized bed gasification technology and entrained flow gasification technology.
  • the first two types contain less than 1000 ° C gasification temperature and contain coarse gas.
  • the tar increases the cost of syngas purification and also pollutes the environment and equipment.
  • the gasification bed gasification technology gasification center temperature is up to 1200 °C, which can completely decompose tar into gas, which is the most environmentally friendly biomass gasification technology. .
  • there is a bottleneck in the development of biomass gas flow bed gasification technology how to crush the cellulose-rich biomass by certain means to produce qualified biomass powder.
  • Chinese patent CN103370401A discloses a method and system for roasting a lignocellulosic material, characterized in that the biomass material is rotated in the upper part of the vertically stacked tray in the baking reactor with the high temperature gas injected into the reactor to realize Drying and baking, the biomass falls from the gap of the upper tray to the lower tray to realize the transfer of materials between the upper and lower trays.
  • This biomass pretreatment system has the following problems in actual use:
  • the gas injected into the reactor can only enter the space above the upper tray through the gap on the upper tray, the gas cannot be uniformly distributed and the contact time with the biomass raw material is short, so that the gas is not sufficiently heat exchanged.
  • the space above the upper tray is accessed from the gap in the upper tray, thereby seriously reducing the baking effect.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the above background art, and to provide a biomass pretreatment system which is suitable for entrained flow gasification.
  • the biomass pretreatment system designed for the entrained flow gasification of the present invention comprises a coarse crusher, a dryer and a torrefaction reactor, the discharge port of the coarse crusher and the drying a feed inlet of the machine, the discharge port of the dryer being connected to a feed port of the torrefaction reactor, the torrefaction reactor comprising a reactor body of a cylindrical structure, mounted on the axis of the reactor body a rotating shaft, a driving assembly mounted on the reactor body and connected to the rotating shaft, at least one scalloped tray installed in the reactor body, mounted on the rotating shaft and a scraping plate and an output end of the surface of the tray are disposed on the baking medium input pipe below the tray, and the input ends of the baking medium input pipe respectively extend out to the outside of the reactor body, and each block A bubbling hole is respectively disposed on the disc surface of the tray, and each of the trays and the corresponding baking medium input tube is respectively provided with a tray with a scalloped notch, and the
  • the baking medium output from the baking medium input tube can pass through the drum through the hood
  • the cells are directly in contact with the biomass material on the tray for heat exchange without first passing through the small fan-shaped gap and then contacting the biomass material on the tray for heat exchange, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of heat exchange and baking.
  • the medium can be more uniformly contacted with the biomass material, thereby making the baking effect better; meanwhile, since the baking medium in the system is in contact with the biomass material from bottom to top, the baking medium in the prior art is from the top.
  • the next contact with the biomass raw material, so the baking medium in the system has a longer contact time with the biomass raw material and a larger contact area, so that the heat exchange is more complete and the baking effect is better.
  • a sealing plate is disposed between the tray and the corresponding tray at the edge of the scalloped notch, the sealing plate, the corresponding tray, the corresponding tray, and the
  • the reactor bodies collectively enclose a blowing chamber.
  • the enclosed sealing plate and the tray, the tray and the reactor body together form a blowing chamber, which is more favorable for the baking medium to smoothly pass through the bubbling hole, thereby accelerating the flow of the baking medium, thereby further improving the heat exchange.
  • the efficiency of the baking effect is improved; at the same time, the enclosed blowing chamber limits the flow range of the baking medium, so that the baking medium It does not flow through the fan-shaped notch, so that the ascending medium does not interfere with the falling of the biomass material, thereby improving the processing efficiency of the biomass material.
  • the sealing plate is a bending plate whose bending angle is matched with the fan-shaped notch or a assembling plate which is welded by two flat plates.
  • the sealing plate end is sealingly and fixedly connected to the two radial edges of the corresponding scallops of the tray, and the lower end of the sealing plate is sealingly and fixedly connected with the two radial edges of the corresponding sector-shaped notch of the tray.
  • the outer edge of the tray is sealingly joined to the inner wall of the reactor body, the outer edge of the tray being in sealing connection with the inner wall of the reactor body.
  • the bubble holes are evenly spread on the disk surface of the tray.
  • the diameter of the bubbling hole is smaller than the particle diameter of the biomass material.
  • the hood is evenly arranged on the tray in the circumferential direction.
  • the baking medium can be uniformly contacted with the biomass material to make the heat exchange more uniform and further improve the baking effect.
  • the tray is a tapered structure with the disk facing downward.
  • the outer edge of the tray is uniformly provided with a ash discharge opening in the circumferential direction.
  • the position of the rotating shaft corresponding to the surface of each of the trays is respectively installed with at least one material for flattening the biomass material.
  • the biomass material on the tray can be leveled by the added material palette, thereby increasing the contact area between the biomass material and the baking medium, making the heat exchange more sufficient, and further improving the baking effect.
  • the gap between the material palette and the corresponding surface of the tray is 2 to 5 cm.
  • the corresponding picking plate and the scraping plate on the same tray are arranged in a misaligned manner.
  • the outer edges of the material palette and the scraper plate are attached to the inner surface of the reactor body. Hehe. By designing the outer edges of the particle board and the scraper plate to be evenly bonded to the inner surface of the reactor body, the biomass material can be prevented from remaining on the tray and affect the baking effect.
  • the reactor body is provided with a baking medium main pipe which can pass the inert hot gas obtained by heat exchange of the synthesis gas generated by the biomass gas flow bed at a position corresponding to the input end of the baking medium input pipe, all The input end of the baking medium input pipe is in communication with the baking medium main pipe.
  • the main pipe of the baking medium of inert heat gas obtained by heat exchange of the synthesis gas which can be introduced into the biomass gas flow bed can be fully utilized, energy waste can be avoided, energy saving and environmental protection can be avoided.
  • the system further comprises a fine crusher, a coarse powder separator, a fine powder trap, a storage bin and a pneumatic conveying fan, wherein the feed port of the fine crusher is connected to the discharge port of the baking reactor
  • the discharge port of the fine crusher is in communication with the feed port of the coarse powder separator, and the coarse material discharge port of the coarse powder separator is in communication with the feed port of the fine crusher, the coarse powder a fine material discharge port of the separator is connected to a feed port of the fine powder trap, and a discharge port of the fine powder trap is connected to the storage bin, and the fine powder trap is discharged
  • the tuyere is in communication with the air inlet of the pneumatic conveying fan, and the air outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan is in communication with the pipeline on the discharging port of the fine crusher.
  • the air outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan is in oblique communication with the pipeline on the discharge port of the fine crusher, and the air outlet direction of the air outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan and the discharge port of the fine crusher The discharge direction is the same.
  • a metering air lock valve is disposed between the discharge port of the fine powder trap and the storage bin.
  • the baking medium in the system is in contact with the biomass raw material from bottom to top, and the baking medium in the prior art is in contact with the biomass raw material from top to bottom, the baking medium and the raw material in the system
  • the material material has a longer contact time and a larger contact area, so that the heat exchange is more complete and the baking effect is better;
  • the enclosed sealing plate and the tray, the tray and the reactor body together form a blowing chamber, which is more favorable for the baking medium to smoothly pass through the bubbling hole, thereby accelerating the flow of the baking medium, thereby further improving The efficiency of heat exchange improves the baking effect;
  • the enclosed blowing chamber limits the flow range of the baking medium, so that the baking medium does not flow through the fan-shaped notch, so that the upward of the baking medium does not interfere with the falling of the biomass material, thereby improving the processing efficiency of the biomass material;
  • the contact area between the baking medium and the biomass material can be increased as much as possible, so that the heat exchange is more sufficient, thereby further improving the baking effect;
  • the baking medium can be uniformly contacted with the biomass material, so that the heat exchange is more uniform and uniform, and the baking effect is further improved;
  • the tray By designing the tray into a tapered structure, it is possible to prevent the biomass ash from staying on the tray without falling to the lower layer;
  • the biomass ash By adding a ash ash port on the outer edge of the tray, the biomass ash can be discharged from the ash ash port by air cannon purging, and finally from the discharge port of the baking reactor;
  • the biomass material on the tray can be leveled by the added material palette, thereby increasing the contact area between the biomass material and the baking medium, so that the heat exchange is more sufficient, and the baking effect is further improved;
  • the biomass material can be prevented from remaining on the tray and affecting the baking effect
  • the inert hot gas obtained by heat exchange of the synthesis gas generated by the biomass gas flow bed is introduced into the inlet of the drying medium, so that energy can be fully utilized, waste of energy can be avoided, and energy conservation and environmental protection can be avoided;
  • the particle size of the biomass raw material can be refined
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a baking reactor
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2 (with the reactor body removed);
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 2 (with the reactor body removed);
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional structural view taken along line C-C of Figure 2 (with the reactor body removed);
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional structural view taken along line D-D of Figure 2 (with the reactor body removed);
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional structural view taken along line E-E of Figure 2 (with the reactor body removed);
  • Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line F-F of Figure 2 (with the reactor body removed).
  • coarse crusher 1 dryer 2, drying medium inlet 2a, drying medium outlet 2b, baking reactor 3, reactor body 3a, rotating shaft 3b, drive assembly 3c, tray 3d, bubble hole 3d1, scraping Sheet 3e, baking medium input pipe 3f, tray 3g, ash port 3g1, hood 3h, sealing plate 3i, blowing chamber 3j, dialing plate 3k, baking medium main pipe 4, fine crusher 5, coarse powder separator 6, The fine powder trap 7, the storage bin 8, the pneumatic conveying fan 9, and the metering air lock valve 10.
  • a biomass pretreatment system suitable for entrained flow gasification as shown in FIG. 1 includes a coarse crusher 1, a dryer 2, and a torrefaction reactor 3, the discharge port of the coarse crusher 1 and the drying
  • the feed port of the machine 2 is connected
  • the discharge port of the dryer 2 is connected to the feed port of the torrefaction reactor 3
  • the dryer 2 is a tumble dryer
  • the torrefaction reactor 3 a reactor body 3a including a cylindrical structure, a rotating shaft 3b mounted on the axis of the reactor body 3a, and a driving assembly 3c mounted on the reactor body 3a and connected to the rotating shaft 3b, at least one mounted thereon Reverse A scalloped tray 3d in the body 3a, a scraper plate 3e fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 3b and attached to the upper surface of the tray 3d, the number is coincident with the tray 3d, and the output end Arranged in a baking medium input pipe 3f corresponding to the tray 3d, the input ends of the baking medium input pipe 3
  • the hood 3h By adding a bubbling hole 3d1 to the tray 3d, and attaching a hood 3h communicating with the baking medium inlet pipe 3f under the tray 3d, the hood 3h is fixed by the tray 3g, and thus, the output is output from the baking medium inlet pipe 3f.
  • the baking medium can pass through the bubbling hole 3d1 through the hood 3h, and directly exchanges heat with the biomass material on the tray 3d, without first passing through the small fan-shaped notch, and then contacting the biomass material on the tray 3d for heat exchange.
  • the efficiency of heat exchange is greatly improved, and the baking medium can be more uniformly contacted with the biomass raw material, thereby making the baking effect better; meanwhile, since the baking medium in the system is in contact with the biomass raw material from bottom to top.
  • the baking medium is in contact with the biomass raw material from top to bottom, so the baking medium in the system has a longer contact time with the biomass raw material, and the contact area is larger, so that the heat exchange is performed more fully. The baking effect is better.
  • a sealing plate 3i is disposed between the tray 3d and the corresponding tray 3g at the edge of the scalloped notch, the sealing plate 3i, the corresponding tray 3g, the corresponding tray 3d, and the The reactor body 3a collectively encloses a blowing chamber 3j.
  • the blown chamber 3j is enclosed by the added sealing plate 3 together with the tray 3g, the tray 3d and the reactor body 3a, so that the baking medium is more smoothly passed through the bubbling hole 3d1, thereby accelerating the flow of the baking medium, thereby The efficiency of heat exchange is further improved, and the baking effect is improved; at the same time, the enclosed blowing chamber 3j limits the flow range of the baking medium, so that the baking medium does not flow through the fan-shaped notch, so that the upward movement of the baking medium does not interfere with the growth. The falling of the material material further increases the processing efficiency of the biomass material.
  • the sealing plate 3i is a bending plate whose bending angle is matched with the fan-shaped notch or a assembling plate which is welded by two flat plates.
  • the upper end of the sealing plate 3i is sealingly and fixedly connected to the two radial edges of the corresponding scallops of the tray 3d, and the lower end of the sealing plate 3i is sealed and fixedly connected with the two radial edges of the corresponding scallops of the tray 3g.
  • the outer edge of the tray 3d is sealingly connected to the inner wall of the reactor body 3a, and the outer edge of the tray 3g is sealingly connected to the inner wall of the reactor body 3a.
  • the above-mentioned bubble holes 3d1 are uniformly filled on the disk surface of the tray 3d.
  • the diameter of the bubbling hole 3d1 is smaller than the particle diameter of the biomass material.
  • the hood 3h described above is evenly arranged on the tray 3g in the circumferential direction. By uniformly distributing the hood 3h on the tray 3g, the baking medium can be uniformly contacted with the biomass raw material to make the heat exchange more uniform and further improve the baking effect.
  • the hood 3h is disposed in the middle of the tray 3g.
  • the tray 3g described above has a tapered structure with the disk facing downward. By designing the tray 3g into a tapered structure, it is possible to prevent the biomass ash from staying on the tray 3g without falling to the lower layer.
  • the outer edge of the tray 3g is uniformly provided with a ash discharge port 3g1 in the circumferential direction. By adding a ash discharge port 3g1 to the outer edge of the tray 3g, the biomass ash can be discharged from the ash discharge port 3g1 by means of an air cannon purge, and finally from the discharge port of the baking reactor 3.
  • the position of the upper shaft 3b corresponding to the upper surface of each of the trays 3d is fixedly mounted with at least one of the material sheets 3k for leveling the biomass materials.
  • the biomass material on the tray 3d can be leveled by the added material board 3k, thereby increasing the contact area of the biomass material and the baking medium, making the heat exchange more sufficient, and further improving the baking effect.
  • the gap between the material palette 3k and the corresponding upper surface of the tray 3d is 2 to 5 cm.
  • the corresponding picking plate 3k and the scraping plate 3e on the same tray 3d are arranged in a dislocation, and the number of the scraping plate 3e and the picking plate 3k corresponding to each of the trays 3d is It can be designed according to actual needs, and the scraping plate 3e and the material-picking plate 3k are evenly arranged on the tray 3d in the circumferential direction.
  • the fan-shaped notch can be designed as an arc angle of 60 degrees, and correspondingly, one scraping plate 3e and one of the material-picking plates 3k are alternately arranged in each of 60 degrees arc angles;
  • the scallops are designed to have a circular arc angle of 90 degrees, and correspondingly, one scraping plate 3e and one of the slats 3k are alternately arranged at intervals of 90 degrees.
  • the outer edges of the above-mentioned material palette 3k and the scraper plate 3e are bonded to the inner surface of the reactor body 3a.
  • the outside of the reactor body 3a corresponding to the input end of the baking medium inlet pipe 3f is provided with a baking medium main pipe 4 which can pass through the inert hot gas obtained by heat exchange of the synthesis gas generated by the biomass gas flow bed, all of which is baked.
  • the input end of the medium input pipe 3f is in communication with the baking medium main pipe 4.
  • the drying medium inlet 2a of the inert hot gas obtained thereafter is provided, and the upper portion of the dryer 2 is provided with a drying medium outlet 2b.
  • the inert hot gas obtained by heat exchange of the synthesis gas generated by the biomass gas flow bed is introduced into the drying medium inlet 2a, so that energy can be fully utilized, energy waste can be avoided, and energy conservation and environmental protection can be avoided.
  • the system further comprises a fine crusher 5, a coarse powder separator 6, a fine powder trap 7, a storage bin 8 and a pneumatic conveying fan 9, the feed port of the fine crusher 5 and the discharge of the baking reactor 3.
  • the mouth of the fine crusher 5 is connected to the feed port of the coarse powder separator 6, and the coarse material discharge port of the coarse powder separator 6 is connected to the feed port of the fine crusher 5
  • the fine material discharge port of the coarse powder separator 6 is in communication with the feed port of the fine powder trap 7, and the discharge port of the fine powder trap 7 is connected to the storage bin 8
  • the air outlet of the fine powder trap 7 communicates with the air inlet of the pneumatic conveying fan 9, and the air outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan 9 communicates with the pipeline on the discharging port of the fine crusher 5.
  • the air outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan 9 is in oblique communication with the pipe on the discharge port of the fine crusher 5, and the air outlet direction of the air outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan 9 and the outlet of the fine crusher 5 The material direction is the same.
  • the discharge direction of the air outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan 9 is designed to coincide with the discharge direction of the discharge port of the fine crusher 5, which is more advantageous for the discharge of the fine crusher 5.
  • a metering air lock valve 10 is provided between the discharge port of the fine powder trap 7 and the storage bin 8.
  • the normal operation dryer 2 and the baking reactor 3 are successively introduced into the drying medium 2 and the baking reactor 3, respectively, into a drying medium of 100 to 150 ° C and a baking medium of 250 to 350 ° C, and the baking medium is sequentially baked.
  • the medium main pipe 4, the baking medium input pipe 3f, the hood 3h enters the blowing chamber 3j, and the baking medium in the blowing chamber 3j enters the upper space of the tray 3d through the bubbling holes 3d1 on the surface of the tray 3d, the medium to be dried and the baking medium Filling the inside of the dryer 2 and the baking reactor 3 respectively; then, adding the biomass raw material to the coarse crusher 1, controlling the particle size of the coarse biomass of the biomass to be within the range of ⁇ 100 mm, and the preliminary broken biomass passes through the dryer.
  • the rotating shaft 3b drives the particle board 3k and the scraper plate 3e to rotate, and the particle board 3k will fall on the biomass of the tray 3d. Disperse and evenly spread, so that the baking medium introduced by the bubbling hole 3d1 bakes the biomass, and the scraping plate 3e scrapes the baked biomass to the fan-shaped notch, and the biomass is sequentially descended from top to bottom.
  • the number of trays 3d from top to bottom is the first block, the second block and the first On the three trays 3d), the baking process of the biomass on the first tray 3d is repeated on the second and third trays 3d, respectively, and the baking medium and biomass in the baking reactor 3 are baked.
  • the baking gas generated by the baking process passes through the second layer, the fan-shaped notch of the first layer from bottom to top, and is finally discharged from the baking medium outlet at the upper end of the baking reactor 3; at the same time, the finished biomass is sequentially passed through the third tray.
  • the 3d fan-shaped notch, the discharge port of the torrefaction reactor 3 is discharged and sent to the fine crusher 5 for pulverization; finally, the pneumatic conveying fan 9 conveys the pulverized biomass crushed by the fine crusher 5 to the coarse powder separator 6 for thickness.
  • the powder is separated, and the biomass having a particle size of >0.1 mm is transported back into the fine crusher 5 to continue pulverization until the particle size reaches ⁇ 0.1 mm, and the biomass having a particle diameter of ⁇ 0.1 mm passes through the fine powder trap 7 and the metering gas lock valve 10 in sequence.
  • the drying medium of the dryer 2 and the baking medium of the torrefaction reactor 3 are taken to an inert hot gas obtained by heat exchange with the synthesis gas produced by the biomass gas flow bed to achieve sufficient and effective utilization of the residual heat.
  • the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 3b is adjusted by the driving component 3c (the driving component 3c is selected as the motor and the transmission in the embodiment), thereby adjusting the rotational speed of the material baffle 3k and the scraping plate 3e, thereby realizing the reasonable residence time of the biomass baking. Effective control.
  • the biomass ash when the biomass ash is dropped on the surface of the tray 3g of the baking reactor 3, the biomass ash can be discharged from the ash hole 3g1, and if the biomass ash is excessively accumulated, the biomass can be purged by the air cannon. The ash is discharged from the ash hole 3g1 and finally discharged through the discharge port of the baking reactor 3.
  • a bubbling hole 3d1 is added to the tray 3d, and a hood 3h communicating with the baking medium inlet pipe 3f is provided below the tray 3d, and the hood 3h is fixed by the tray 3g, thus, from the baking medium inlet pipe 3f
  • the output baking medium can pass through the bubbling hole 3d1 through the hood 3h, and directly exchanges heat with the biomass material on the tray 3d, without first passing through the small fan-shaped notch, and then contacting the biomass material on the tray 3d for heat.
  • the baking medium can be more uniformly contacted with the biomass raw material, thereby making the baking effect better; since the baking medium in the system is bottom-up contact with the biomass raw material
  • the baking medium is in contact with the biomass raw material from top to bottom, so the baking medium in the system has a longer contact time with the biomass raw material, and the contact area is larger, so that the heat exchange is performed more fully.
  • the baking effect is better; the sealing plate 3 is combined with the tray 3g, the tray 3d and the reactor body 3a to form the blowing chamber 3j, which is more favorable for the baking medium to smoothly pass through the bubble hole 3d.
  • the enclosed blowing chamber 3j limits the flow range of the baking medium, so that the baking medium does not flow through the fan-shaped notch, so that the upward of the baking medium does not interfere with the falling of the biomass material, thereby improving the processing efficiency of the biomass material.
  • the contact area of the baking medium and the biomass material can be increased as much as possible, so that the heat exchange is more sufficient, thereby further improving the baking effect;
  • the diameter of the bubble hole 3d1 is designed to be smaller than the particle diameter of the biomass material to prevent the biomass material from leaking directly from the bubble hole 3d1; by uniformly distributing the hood 3h on the tray 3g, the baking medium and the biomass can be made.
  • Uniform contact of the raw materials makes the heat exchange more uniform and further improves the baking effect; by designing the tray 3g into a tapered structure, the biomass ash can be prevented from staying on the tray 3g without falling to the lower layer; 3g of the outer edge is provided with a ashing port 3g1, so that the biomass ash can be discharged from the ash ash port 3g1 by air cannon purging, and finally from the baking reactor 3 Feeding port; the biomass material on the tray 3d can be leveled by the added material board 3k, thereby increasing the contact area of the biomass material and the baking medium, making the heat exchange more complete, and further improving the baking.
  • the effect is that the outer edges of the material baffle 3k and the scraper plate 3e are designed to be in contact with the inner surface of the reactor body 3a, so that the biomass raw material can be prevented from remaining on the tray 3d, thereby affecting the baking effect;
  • the main medium 4 of the baking medium of the inert hot gas obtained after the heat exchange of the synthesis gas generated by the biomass gas flow bed can be used, so that the energy can be fully utilized, energy waste can be avoided, energy saving and environmental protection;
  • synthesis gas generated by the biomass gas flow bed The inert hot gas obtained after the heat exchange is passed into the drying medium inlet 2a, so that the energy can be fully utilized, energy waste is avoided, energy saving and environmental protection; by adding a fine crusher 5, a coarse powder separator 6 and a fine powder trap 7,
  • the particle size of the biomass material can be refined;
  • the air outlet direction of the air outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan 9 is designed to be consistent with the discharging direction of the discharge port of the fine crusher 5, which is more advantageous for the

Abstract

本发明公开了一种适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，包括粗碎机、烘干机和烘焙反应器，粗碎机的出料口与烘干机的进料口相连，烘干机的出料口与烘焙反应器的进料口相连，烘焙反应器包括反应器本体、转轴、驱动组件、至少一块塔板、刮料板和烘焙介质输入管，烘焙介质输入管的输入端分别贯穿伸出至反应器本体外，每块塔板的盘面上分别设有鼓泡孔，每块塔板与对应的烘焙介质输入管之间分别设有一块带扇形缺口的托盘，托盘上的缺口与对应的塔板上的缺口的大小和布置位置相配合，托盘上至少安装有一个与对应的烘焙介质输入管的输出端连通的风帽，风帽的出风口朝向对应的塔板。适用于生物质预处理。

Description

适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统 技术领域
本发明涉及生物质能源技术领域，具体地指一种适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统。
背景技术
随着煤炭、石油、天然气等化石能源储量的减少以及因化石能源的大量使用带来的环境污染问题对人类生存发展的威胁，发展可再生环保型能源愈加受到重视。生物质是一种通过光合作用形成的有机物，其具有储量巨大、分布广泛且燃烧气化后二氧化碳零排放等特点，是一种重要的可再生能源。然而，生物质的分散、高含水、高含氧和难破碎的特征限制了生物质的大规模气化利用。
目前，已有的生物质气化技术包括固定床气化技术、流化床气化技术和气流床气化技术三类，前两种因气化温度低于1000℃，产出粗煤气中含有的焦油在增加合成气净化成本的同时也对环境和设备产生污染，而气流床气化技术气化中心温度高达1200℃，能将焦油等彻底分解成气体，是最为环保的生物质气化技术。但生物质气流床气化技术的发展存在瓶颈——如何通过一定的手段将富含纤维素的生物质粉碎制得合格的生物质粉。
现在，大多采用烘焙技术解决上述瓶颈，具体地，其是在常压惰性条件下，200-300℃温度下发生的生物质脱水和部分脱挥发份反应，烘焙后生物质因纤维结构遭到破坏大大降低了粉碎加工成本，搭配相应的制粉、风粉分离、除尘工序即可形成一套适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统。中国专利CN103370401A公布了一种用于木质纤维素材料烘焙的方法和系统，其特征在于生物质原料在烘焙反应器内垂直堆叠的托盘上部随盘转动并与喷入反应器的高温气体接触以实现干燥、烘焙，生物质从上层托盘的缺口处落到下部托盘上以实现上下层托盘之间物料的转移。这种生物质预处理系统在实际使用时存在以下问题：
由于喷入反应器内的气体只能通过上层托盘上的缺口进入该上层托盘以上的空间，所以气体无法均匀分布且其与生物质原料的接触时间很短，这样，气体还未充分换热就 从更上层托盘上的缺口进入该更上层托盘以上的空间，从而严重降低了烘焙的效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述背景技术存在的不足，提出一种烘焙效果好的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统。
为实现上述目的，本发明所设计的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，包括粗碎机、烘干机和烘焙反应器，所述粗碎机的出料口与所述烘干机的进料口相连，所述烘干机的出料口与所述烘焙反应器的进料口相连，所述烘焙反应器包括筒状结构的反应器本体、安装在所述反应器本体轴线上的转轴、安装在所述反应器本体上且与所述转轴相连的驱动组件、至少一块安装在所述反应器本体内的带扇形缺口的塔板、安装在所述转轴上且与所述塔板上表面贴合的刮料板、输出端布置在所述塔板下方的烘焙介质输入管，所述烘焙介质输入管的输入端分别贯穿伸出至所述反应器本体外，每块所述塔板的盘面上分别设有鼓泡孔，每块所述塔板与对应的所述烘焙介质输入管之间分别设有一块带扇形缺口的托盘，所述托盘上的缺口与对应的所述塔板上的缺口的大小和布置位置相配合，所述托盘上至少安装有一个与对应的所述烘焙介质输入管的输出端连通的风帽，所述风帽的出风口朝向对应的所述塔板。通过在塔板上加设鼓泡孔，并在塔板下方加设与烘焙介质输入管连通的风帽，再用托盘固定风帽，这样，从烘焙介质输入管输出的烘焙介质可通过风帽穿过鼓泡孔，直接与塔板上生物质原料接触进行热交换，而无需先通过细小的扇形缺口，再与塔板上生物质原料接触进行热交换，从而大大地提高了热交换的效率，且烘焙介质可更均匀地与生物质原料接触，进而使得烘焙效果更好；同时，由于本系统中的烘焙介质是自下而上的与生物质原料接触，而现有技术中的烘焙介质是自上而下的与生物质原料接触，所以本系统中的烘焙介质与生物质原料的接触时间更长、接触面积更大，从而进行的热交换更充分，烘焙效果更好。
在上述方案中，所述塔板与对应的所述托盘之间位于所述扇形缺口边缘的位置设有密封板，所述密封板、对应的所述托盘、对应的所述塔板和所述反应器本体共同围成吹风室。通过加设的密封板与托盘、塔板和反应器本体共同围成吹风室，这样，更有利于烘焙介质顺利地穿过鼓泡孔，加速了烘焙介质的流动，从而进一步地提高了热交换的效率，提高了烘焙效果；同时，围成的吹风室限制了烘焙介质的流动范围，这样烘焙介质 不会流经扇形缺口，从而使得烘焙介质的上行不会干扰生物质原料的下落，进而提高了生物质原料的处理效率。
在上述方案中，所述密封板为折弯角度与所述扇形缺口相配合的折弯板或由两块平板焊接而成的拼装板。
在上述方案中，所述密封板上端与对应的所述塔板的扇形缺口的两半径边缘密封固定连接，所述密封板下端与对应的所述托盘的扇形缺口的两半径边缘密封固定连接，所述塔板的外边缘与所述反应器本体的内壁密封连接，所述托盘的外边缘与所述反应器本体的内壁密封连接。
在上述方案中，所述鼓泡孔均匀布满在所述塔板的盘面上。通过将鼓泡孔均匀布满在塔板的盘面上，这样能尽可能地增大烘焙介质与生物质原料的接触面积，使热交换更充分，从而进一步地提高了烘焙效果。
在上述方案中，所述鼓泡孔的直径小于生物质原料的粒径。通过将鼓泡孔的直径设计成小于生物质原料的粒径，以避免生物质原料直接从鼓泡孔内漏出。
在上述方案中，所述风帽沿圆周方向均匀布置在所述托盘上。通过将风帽均布在托盘上，这样能使烘焙介质与生物质原料均匀接触，使热交换更充分均匀，再进一步地提高了烘焙效果。
在上述方案中，所述托盘为盘面向下的锥形结构。通过将托盘设计成锥形结构，这样能避免生物质灰停留在托盘上而不掉落到下层。
在上述方案中，所述托盘的外边缘沿圆周方向均匀设有落灰口。通过在托盘的外边缘加设落灰口，这样可通过空气炮吹扫的方式将生物质灰从落灰口处排出，最终从烘焙反应器的出料口。
在上述方案中，所述转轴上对应每个所述塔板上表面的位置分别安装有至少一块用于将生物质原料摊平的拨料板。通过加设的拨料板可将塔板上的生物质原料摊平，从而增大了生物质原料与烘焙介质的接触面积，使热交换更充分，再进一步地提高了烘焙效果。
在上述方案中，所述拨料板与对应的所述塔板上表面之间的间隙为2～5cm。
在上述方案中，同一所述塔板上对应的所述拨料板和所述刮料板错位布置。
在上述方案中，所述拨料板和所述刮料板的外边缘均与所述反应器本体的内表面贴 合。通过将拨料板和刮料板的外边缘设计成均与反应器本体的内表面贴合，这样能避免生物质原料残留在塔板上，影响烘焙效果。
在上述方案中，所述反应器本体外对应所述烘焙介质输入管的输入端的位置设有可通入生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体的烘焙介质主管道，所有所述烘焙介质输入管的输入端均与所述烘焙介质主管道连通。通过加设可通入生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体的烘焙介质主管道，这样能充分利用能源，避免能源的浪费，节能环保。
在上述方案中，所述烘干机下部设有可通入生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体的干燥介质入口，所述烘干机上部设有干燥介质出口。通过将生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体通入干燥介质入口，这样能充分利用能源，避免能源的浪费，节能环保。
在上述方案中，本系统还包括细碎机、粗粉分离器、细粉捕集器、储料仓和气力输送风机，所述细碎机的进料口与所述烘焙反应器的出料口连通，所述细碎机的出料口与所述粗粉分离器的进料口连通，所述粗粉分离器的粗料出料口又与所述细碎机的进料口连通，所述粗粉分离器的细料出料口与所述细粉捕集器的进料口连通，所述细粉捕集器的出料口与所述储料仓连通，所述细粉捕集器的出风口与所述气力输送风机的进风口连通，所述气力输送风机的出风口与所述细碎机的出料口上的管道连通。通过加设细碎机、粗粉分离器和细粉捕集器，这样能细化生物质原料的粒径。
在上述方案中，所述气力输送风机的出风口与所述细碎机的出料口上的管道斜向连通，所述气力输送风机的出风口的出风方向与所述细碎机的出料口的出料方向一致。通过将气力输送风机的出风口的出风方向设计成与细碎机的出料口的出料方向一致，这样更有利于细碎机的出料。
在上述方案中，所述细粉捕集器的出料口与所述储料仓之间设有计量气锁阀。通过在细粉捕集器的出料口与储料仓之间加设计量气锁阀，这样能方便的监测生物质原料的处理量。
本发明的优点在于：
1、通过在塔板上加设鼓泡孔，并在塔板下方加设与烘焙介质输入管连通的风帽，再用托盘固定风帽，这样，从烘焙介质输入管输出的烘焙介质可通过风帽穿过鼓泡孔，直 接与塔板上生物质原料接触进行热交换，而无需先通过细小的扇形缺口，再与塔板上生物质原料接触进行热交换，从而大大地提高了热交换的效率，且烘焙介质可更均匀地与生物质原料接触，进而使得烘焙效果更好；
2、由于本系统中的烘焙介质是自下而上的与生物质原料接触，而现有技术中的烘焙介质是自上而下的与生物质原料接触，所以本系统中的烘焙介质与生物质原料的接触时间更长、接触面积更大，从而进行的热交换更充分，烘焙效果更好；
3、通过加设的密封板与托盘、塔板和反应器本体共同围成吹风室，这样，更有利于烘焙介质顺利地穿过鼓泡孔，加速了烘焙介质的流动，从而进一步地提高了热交换的效率，提高了烘焙效果；
4、围成的吹风室限制了烘焙介质的流动范围，这样烘焙介质不会流经扇形缺口，从而使得烘焙介质的上行不会干扰生物质原料的下落，进而提高了生物质原料的处理效率；
5、通过将鼓泡孔均匀布满在塔板的盘面上，这样能尽可能地增大烘焙介质与生物质原料的接触面积，使热交换更充分，从而进一步地提高了烘焙效果；
6、通过将鼓泡孔的直径设计成小于生物质原料的粒径，以避免生物质原料直接从鼓泡孔内漏出；
7、通过将风帽均布在托盘上，这样能使烘焙介质与生物质原料均匀接触，使热交换更充分均匀，再进一步地提高了烘焙效果；
8、通过将托盘设计成锥形结构，这样能避免生物质灰停留在托盘上而不掉落到下层；
9、通过在托盘的外边缘加设落灰口，这样可通过空气炮吹扫的方式将生物质灰从落灰口处排出，最终从烘焙反应器的出料口；
10、通过加设的拨料板可将塔板上的生物质原料摊平，从而增大了生物质原料与烘焙介质的接触面积，使热交换更充分，再进一步地提高了烘焙效果；
11、通过将拨料板和刮料板的外边缘设计成均与反应器本体的内表面贴合，这样能避免生物质原料残留在塔板上，影响烘焙效果；
12、通过加设可通入生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体的烘焙介质主管道，这样能充分利用能源，避免能源的浪费，节能环保；
13、通过将生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体通入干燥介质入口，这样能充分利用能源，避免能源的浪费，节能环保；
14、通过加设细碎机、粗粉分离器和细粉捕集器，这样能细化生物质原料的粒径；
15、通过将气力输送风机的出风口的出风方向设计成与细碎机的出料口的出料方向一致，这样更有利于细碎机的出料；
16、通过在细粉捕集器的出料口与储料仓之间加设计量气锁阀，这样能方便的监测生物质原料的处理量。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为烘焙反应器的结构示意图；
图3为沿图2中A-A线的剖面结构示意图(去掉了反应器本体)；
图4为沿图2中B-B线的剖面结构示意图(去掉了反应器本体)；
图5沿图2中C-C线的剖面结构示意图(去掉了反应器本体)；
图6沿图2中D-D线的剖面结构示意图(去掉了反应器本体)；
图7沿图2中E-E线的剖面结构示意图(去掉了反应器本体)；
图8沿图2中F-F线的剖面结构示意图(去掉了反应器本体)。
图中：粗碎机1，烘干机2，干燥介质入口2a，干燥介质出口2b，烘焙反应器3，反应器本体3a，转轴3b，驱动组件3c，塔板3d，鼓泡孔3d1，刮料板3e，烘焙介质输入管3f，托盘3g，落灰口3g1，风帽3h，密封板3i，吹风室3j，拨料板3k，烘焙介质主管道4，细碎机5，粗粉分离器6，细粉捕集器7，储料仓8，气力输送风机9，计量气锁阀10。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述：
如图1所示的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，包括粗碎机1、烘干机2和烘焙反应器3，所述粗碎机1的出料口与所述烘干机2的进料口相连，所述烘干机2的出料口与所述烘焙反应器3的进料口相连，所述烘干机2为滚筒式烘干机，所述烘焙反应器3包括筒状结构的反应器本体3a、安装在所述反应器本体3a轴线上的转轴3b、安装在所述反应器本体3a上且与所述转轴3b相连的驱动组件3c、至少一块安装在所述反 应器本体3a内的带扇形缺口的塔板3d、固定安装在所述转轴3b上且与所述塔板3d上表面贴合的刮料板3e、数量与所述塔板3d一致且输出端布置在对应所述塔板3d下方的烘焙介质输入管3f，所述烘焙介质输入管3f的输入端分别贯穿伸出至所述反应器本体3a外，每块所述塔板3d的盘面上分别设有鼓泡孔3d1，每块所述塔板3d与对应的所述烘焙介质输入管3f之间分别设有一块带扇形缺口的托盘3g，所述托盘3g上的缺口与对应的所述塔板3d上的缺口的大小和布置位置相配合，所述托盘3g上至少安装有一个与对应的所述烘焙介质输入管3f的输出端连通的风帽3h，所述风帽3h的出风口朝向对应的所述塔板3d。通过在塔板3d上加设鼓泡孔3d1，并在塔板3d下方加设与烘焙介质输入管3f连通的风帽3h，再用托盘3g固定风帽3h，这样，从烘焙介质输入管3f输出的烘焙介质可通过风帽3h穿过鼓泡孔3d1，直接与塔板3d上生物质原料接触进行热交换，而无需先通过细小的扇形缺口，再与塔板3d上生物质原料接触进行热交换，从而大大地提高了热交换的效率，且烘焙介质可更均匀地与生物质原料接触，进而使得烘焙效果更好；同时，由于本系统中的烘焙介质是自下而上的与生物质原料接触，而现有技术中的烘焙介质是自上而下的与生物质原料接触，所以本系统中的烘焙介质与生物质原料的接触时间更长、接触面积更大，从而进行的热交换更充分，烘焙效果更好。
上述塔板3d与对应的所述托盘3g之间位于所述扇形缺口边缘的位置设有密封板3i，所述密封板3i、对应的所述托盘3g、对应的所述塔板3d和所述反应器本体3a共同围成吹风室3j。通过加设的密封板3与托盘3g、塔板3d和反应器本体3a共同围成吹风室3j，这样，更有利于烘焙介质顺利地穿过鼓泡孔3d1，加速了烘焙介质的流动，从而进一步地提高了热交换的效率，提高了烘焙效果；同时，围成的吹风室3j限制了烘焙介质的流动范围，这样烘焙介质不会流经扇形缺口，从而使得烘焙介质的上行不会干扰生物质原料的下落，进而提高了生物质原料的处理效率。所述密封板3i为折弯角度与所述扇形缺口相配合的折弯板或由两块平板焊接而成的拼装板。所述密封板3i上端与对应的所述塔板3d的扇形缺口的两半径边缘密封固定连接，所述密封板3i下端与对应的所述托盘3g的扇形缺口的两半径边缘密封固定连接，所述塔板3d的外边缘与所述反应器本体3a的内壁密封连接，所述托盘3g的外边缘与所述反应器本体3a的内壁密封连接。
上述鼓泡孔3d1均匀布满在所述塔板3d的盘面上。通过将鼓泡孔3d1均匀布满在塔板3d的盘面上，这样能尽可能地增大烘焙介质与生物质原料的接触面积，使热交换更充 分，从而进一步地提高了烘焙效果。所述鼓泡孔3d1的直径小于生物质原料的粒径。通过将鼓泡孔3d1的直径设计成小于生物质原料的粒径，以避免生物质原料直接从鼓泡孔3d1内漏出。
上述风帽3h沿圆周方向均匀布置在所述托盘3g上。通过将风帽3h均布在托盘3g上，这样能使烘焙介质与生物质原料均匀接触，使热交换更充分均匀，再进一步地提高了烘焙效果。所述风帽3h布置在所述托盘3g的中部。
上述托盘3g为盘面向下的锥形结构。通过将托盘3g设计成锥形结构，这样能避免生物质灰停留在托盘3g上而不掉落到下层。所述托盘3g的外边缘沿圆周方向均匀设有落灰口3g1。通过在托盘3g的外边缘加设落灰口3g1，这样可通过空气炮吹扫的方式将生物质灰从落灰口3g1处排出，最终从烘焙反应器3的出料口。
上述转轴3b上对应每个所述塔板3d上表面的位置分别固定安装有至少一块用于将生物质原料摊平的拨料板3k。通过加设的拨料板3k可将塔板3d上的生物质原料摊平，从而增大了生物质原料与烘焙介质的接触面积，使热交换更充分，再进一步地提高了烘焙效果。所述拨料板3k与对应的所述塔板3d上表面之间的间隙为2～5cm。同一所述塔板3d上对应的所述拨料板3k和所述刮料板3e错位布置，每块所述塔板3d上对应的所述刮料板3e和所述拨料板3k的数量可根据实际需要设计，且所述刮料板3e和所述拨料板3k沿圆周方向均匀布置在所述塔板3d上。具体地，可将所述扇形缺口设计成60度的圆弧角，对应地，每间隔60度圆弧角依次交替分别布置一块所述刮料板3e和一块所述拨料板3k；也可将所述扇形缺口设计成90度的圆弧角，对应地，每间隔90度圆弧角依次交替分别布置一块所述刮料板3e和一块所述拨料板3k。
上述拨料板3k和所述刮料板3e的外边缘均与所述反应器本体3a的内表面贴合。通过将拨料板3k和刮料板3e的外边缘设计成均与反应器本体3a的内表面贴合，这样能避免生物质原料残留在塔板3d上，影响烘焙效果。
上述反应器本体3a外对应所述烘焙介质输入管3f的输入端的位置设有可通入生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体的烘焙介质主管道4，所有所述烘焙介质输入管3f的输入端均与所述烘焙介质主管道4连通。通过加设可通入生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体的烘焙介质主管道4，这样能充分利用能源，避免能源的浪费，节能环保。所述烘干机2下部设有可通入生物质气流床产生的合成气换热 后得到的惰性热气体的干燥介质入口2a，所述烘干机2上部设有干燥介质出口2b。通过将生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体通入干燥介质入口2a，这样能充分利用能源，避免能源的浪费，节能环保。
本系统还包括细碎机5、粗粉分离器6、细粉捕集器7、储料仓8和气力输送风机9，所述细碎机5的进料口与所述烘焙反应器3的出料口连通，所述细碎机5的出料口与所述粗粉分离器6的进料口连通，所述粗粉分离器6的粗料出料口又与所述细碎机5的进料口连通，所述粗粉分离器6的细料出料口与所述细粉捕集器7的进料口连通，所述细粉捕集器7的出料口与所述储料仓8连通，所述细粉捕集器7的出风口与所述气力输送风机9的进风口连通，所述气力输送风机9的出风口与所述细碎机5的出料口上的管道连通。通过加设细碎机5、粗粉分离器6和细粉捕集器7，这样能细化生物质原料的粒径。所述气力输送风机9的出风口与所述细碎机5的出料口上的管道斜向连通，所述气力输送风机9的出风口的出风方向与所述细碎机5的出料口的出料方向一致。通过将气力输送风机9的出风口的出风方向设计成与细碎机5的出料口的出料方向一致，这样更有利于细碎机5的出料。
上述细粉捕集器7的出料口与所述储料仓8之间设有计量气锁阀10。通过在细粉捕集器7的出料口与储料仓8之间加设计量气锁阀10，这样能方便的监测生物质原料的处理量。
本发明使用时：
首先，正常运转烘干机2和烘焙反应器3，分别向烘干机2和烘焙反应器3中连续通入100～150℃的干燥介质和250～350℃的烘焙介质，烘焙介质依次经过烘焙介质主管道4、烘焙介质输入管3f、风帽3h后进入吹风室3j，吹风室3j内的烘焙介质通过塔板3d表面的鼓泡孔3d1进入塔板3d的上部空间，待干燥介质和烘焙介质分别充满烘干机2和烘焙反应器3机体内；然后，将生物质原料加入粗碎机1，将生物质粗碎的粒径控制在＜100mm范围内，初步破碎的生物质经过烘干机2烘干后进入烘焙反应器3内并落到塔板3d上；接着，转动的转轴3b带动拨料板3k和刮料板3e转动，拨料板3k将落在塔板3d上的生物质拨散并摊平均匀，使由鼓泡孔3d1通入的烘焙介质对生物质进行烘焙，同时刮料板3e将烘焙后的生物质刮至扇形缺口处，生物质便顺序自上而下地落至第二块和第三块塔板3d(反应器本体3a内的塔板3d从上到下数，分别为第一块、第二块和第 三块塔板3d)上，并分别在第二块和第三块塔板3d上重复生物质在第一块塔板3d上的烘焙过程，烘焙后烘焙反应器3内的烘焙介质和生物质烘焙过程产生的烘焙气体由下而上通过第二层、第一层的扇形缺口，最终由烘焙反应器3上端的烘焙介质出口排出；同时，完成烘焙后的生物质依次通过第三块塔板3d的扇形缺口、烘焙反应器3的出料口排出并输送至细碎机5内进行粉碎；最后，气力输送风机9将细碎机5粉碎后的烘焙生物质输送至粗粉分离器6内进行粗细粉分离，粒径＞0.1mm的生物质被输送回细碎机5内继续粉碎直至粒径达到≤0.1mm，粒径≤0.1mm的生物质依次通过细粉捕集器7和计量气锁阀10进入储料仓8内，从而完成生物质的预处理过程；另外，细粉捕集器7分离出的输送风通过气力输送风机9送至细碎机5和粗粉分离器6之间的管道，从而实现风力的重复循环使用。
操作时，烘干机2的干燥介质和烘焙反应器3的烘焙介质取至与生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体，达到对余热的充分有效利用。
操作时，通过驱动组件3c(本实施例中驱动组件3c选为电机及变速器)调节转轴3b的转速，进而调节拨料板3k和刮料板3e的转速，实现对生物质烘焙停留时间的合理有效控制。
操作时，当烘焙反应器3的托盘3g表面掉落有生物质灰时，生物质灰能够从落灰孔3g1处排出，若生物质灰堆积过多时，能够采用空气炮吹扫的方式将生物质灰从落灰孔3g1处排出，并最终通过烘焙反应器3的出料口排出。
本发明通过在塔板3d上加设鼓泡孔3d1，并在塔板3d下方加设与烘焙介质输入管3f连通的风帽3h，再用托盘3g固定风帽3h，这样，从烘焙介质输入管3f输出的烘焙介质可通过风帽3h穿过鼓泡孔3d1，直接与塔板3d上生物质原料接触进行热交换，而无需先通过细小的扇形缺口，再与塔板3d上生物质原料接触进行热交换，从而大大地提高了热交换的效率，且烘焙介质可更均匀地与生物质原料接触，进而使得烘焙效果更好；由于本系统中的烘焙介质是自下而上的与生物质原料接触，而现有技术中的烘焙介质是自上而下的与生物质原料接触，所以本系统中的烘焙介质与生物质原料的接触时间更长、接触面积更大，从而进行的热交换更充分，烘焙效果更好；通过加设的密封板3与托盘3g、塔板3d和反应器本体3a共同围成吹风室3j，这样，更有利于烘焙介质顺利地穿过鼓泡孔3d1，加速了烘焙介质的流动，从而进一步地提高了热交换的效率，提高了烘焙 效果；围成的吹风室3j限制了烘焙介质的流动范围，这样烘焙介质不会流经扇形缺口，从而使得烘焙介质的上行不会干扰生物质原料的下落，进而提高了生物质原料的处理效率；通过将鼓泡孔3d1均匀布满在塔板3d的盘面上，这样能尽可能地增大烘焙介质与生物质原料的接触面积，使热交换更充分，从而进一步地提高了烘焙效果；通过将鼓泡孔3d1的直径设计成小于生物质原料的粒径，以避免生物质原料直接从鼓泡孔3d1内漏出；通过将风帽3h均布在托盘3g上，这样能使烘焙介质与生物质原料均匀接触，使热交换更充分均匀，再进一步地提高了烘焙效果；通过将托盘3g设计成锥形结构，这样能避免生物质灰停留在托盘3g上而不掉落到下层；通过在托盘3g的外边缘加设落灰口3g1，这样可通过空气炮吹扫的方式将生物质灰从落灰口3g1处排出，最终从烘焙反应器3的出料口；通过加设的拨料板3k可将塔板3d上的生物质原料摊平，从而增大了生物质原料与烘焙介质的接触面积，使热交换更充分，再进一步地提高了烘焙效果；通过将拨料板3k和刮料板3e的外边缘设计成均与反应器本体3a的内表面贴合，这样能避免生物质原料残留在塔板3d上，影响烘焙效果；通过加设可通入生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体的烘焙介质主管道4，这样能充分利用能源，避免能源的浪费，节能环保；通过将生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体通入干燥介质入口2a，这样能充分利用能源，避免能源的浪费，节能环保；通过加设细碎机5、粗粉分离器6和细粉捕集器7，这样能细化生物质原料的粒径；通过将气力输送风机9的出风口的出风方向设计成与细碎机5的出料口的出料方向一致，这样更有利于细碎机5的出料；通过在细粉捕集器7的出料口与储料仓8之间加设计量气锁阀10，这样能方便的监测生物质原料的处理量。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，包括粗碎机(1)、烘干机(2)和烘焙反应器(3)，所述粗碎机(1)的出料口与所述烘干机(2)的进料口相连，所述烘干机(2)的出料口与所述烘焙反应器(3)的进料口相连，所述烘焙反应器(3)包括筒状结构的反应器本体(3a)、安装在所述反应器本体(3a)轴线上的转轴(3b)、安装在所述反应器本体(3a)上且与所述转轴(3b)相连的驱动组件(3c)、至少一块安装在所述反应器本体(3a)内的带扇形缺口的塔板(3d)、安装在所述转轴(3b)上且与所述塔板(3d)上表面贴合的刮料板(3e)、输出端布置在所述塔板(3d)下方的烘焙介质输入管(3f)，所述烘焙介质输入管(3f)的输入端分别贯穿伸出至所述反应器本体(3a)外，其特征在于：每块所述塔板(3d)的盘面上分别设有鼓泡孔(3d1)，每块所述塔板(3d)与对应的所述烘焙介质输入管(3f)之间分别设有一块带扇形缺口的托盘(3g)，所述托盘(3g)上的缺口与对应的所述塔板(3d)上的缺口的大小和布置位置相配合，所述托盘(3g)上至少安装有一个与对应的所述烘焙介质输入管(3f)的输出端连通的风帽(3h)，所述风帽(3h)的出风口朝向对应的所述塔板(3d)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述塔板(3d)与对应的所述托盘(3g)之间位于所述扇形缺口边缘的位置设有密封板(3i)，所述密封板(3i)、对应的所述托盘(3g)、对应的所述塔板(3d)和所述反应器本体(3a)共同围成吹风室(3j)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述密封板(3i)为折弯角度与所述扇形缺口相配合的折弯板或由两块平板焊接而成的拼装板。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述密封板(3i)上端与对应的所述塔板(3d)的扇形缺口的两半径边缘密封固定连接，所述密封板(3i)下端与对应的所述托盘(3g)的扇形缺口的两半径边缘密封固定连接， 所述塔板(3d)的外边缘与所述反应器本体(3a)的内壁密封连接，所述托盘(3g)的外边缘与所述反应器本体(3a)的内壁密封连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述鼓泡孔(3d1)均匀布满在所述塔板(3d)的盘面上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述鼓泡孔(3d1)的直径小于生物质原料的粒径。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述风帽(3h)沿圆周方向均匀布置在所述托盘(3g)上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述托盘(3g)为盘面向下的锥形结构。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述托盘(3g)的外边缘沿圆周方向均匀设有落灰口(3g1)。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述转轴(3b)上对应每个所述塔板(3d)上表面的位置分别安装有至少一块用于将生物质原料摊平的拨料板(3k)。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述拨料板(3k)与对应的所述塔板(3d)上表面之间的间隙为2～5cm。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：同一所述塔板(3d)上对应的所述拨料板(3k)和所述刮料板(3e)错位布置。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述拨料板(3k)和所述刮料板(3e)的外边缘均与所述反应器本体(3a)的内表面贴合。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述反应器本体(3a)外对应所述烘焙介质输入管(3f)的输入端的位置设有可通入生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体的烘焙介质主管道(4)，所有所述烘焙介质输入管(3f)的输入端均与所述烘焙介质主管道(4)连通。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述烘干机(2)下部设有可通入生物质气流床产生的合成气换热后得到的惰性热气体的干燥介质入口(2a)，所述烘干机(2)上部设有干燥介质出口(2b)。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：还包括细碎机(5)、粗粉分离器(6)、细粉捕集器(7)、储料仓(8)和气力输送风机(9)，所述细碎机(5)的进料口与所述烘焙反应器(3)的出料口连通，所述细碎机(5)的出料口与所述粗粉分离器(6)的进料口连通，所述粗粉分离器(6)的粗料出料口又与所述细碎机(5)的进料口连通，所述粗粉分离器(6)的细料出料口与所述细粉捕集器(7)的进料口连通，所述细粉捕集器(7)的出料口与所述储料仓(8)连通，所述细粉捕集器(7)的出风口与所述气力输送风机(9)的进风口连通，所述气力输送风机(9)的出风口与所述细碎机(5)的出料口上的管道连通。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述气力输送风机(9)的出风口与所述细碎机(5)的出料口上的管道斜向连通，所述气力输送风机(9)的出风口的出风方向与所述细碎机(5)的出料口的出料方向一致。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统，其特征在于：所述细粉捕集器(7)的出料口与所述储料仓(8)之间设有计量气锁阀(10)。
PCT/CN2016/072080 2015-01-27 2016-01-26 适用于气流床气化的生物质预处理系统 WO2016119668A1 (zh)

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