WO2016119585A1 - 采用超级电容储能系统的双馈风电机组功率振荡抑制方法 - Google Patents

采用超级电容储能系统的双馈风电机组功率振荡抑制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016119585A1
WO2016119585A1 PCT/CN2016/070532 CN2016070532W WO2016119585A1 WO 2016119585 A1 WO2016119585 A1 WO 2016119585A1 CN 2016070532 W CN2016070532 W CN 2016070532W WO 2016119585 A1 WO2016119585 A1 WO 2016119585A1
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Prior art keywords
capacitor
node
wind turbine
rotor
bus
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PCT/CN2016/070532
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪宁渤
丁坤
周识远
张琛
李征
蔡旭
蔡游明
何世恩
李津
路亮
摆念宗
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State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Wind Power Technology Center of Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Wind Power Technology Center of Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Publication of WO2016119585A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016119585A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies
    • H02J3/0014—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies for preventing or reducing power oscillations in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of wind power generation and its grid-connected control, and in particular to a power oscillation suppression method for a doubly-fed wind turbine using a supercapacitor energy storage system.
  • the large-scale wind power integration and grid connection has an important impact on the stability of the power system.
  • the generator and grid frequency can be asynchronously operated, which enhances the flexible control of the wind turbine. This asynchronous operation of frequency does not mean that the electromechanical is completely decoupled.
  • Different unit control strategies (such as maximum power tracking control, constant power control, etc.) reflect different degrees of electromechanical coupling. In addition, under grid faults, this The electromechanical coupling effect is more obvious.
  • the MW-class doubly-fed wind turbine drive train is highly flexible, and there is an oscillation frequency (about 1 Hz) close to the low-frequency oscillation of the system. There is a risk of inducing oscillation instability of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to add a shaft system similar to the synchronous machine PSS to the wind turbine. Stabilizer.
  • the prior art solution adopts an auxiliary auxiliary damping control loop directly in the power control loop of the wind turbine to realize electrical damping and suppress shafting oscillation, but this scheme will inject power for suppressing shafting oscillation into the power grid, so it is not good. of.
  • a power oscillation suppression method for a doubly-fed wind turbine using a supercapacitor energy storage system comprising:
  • the supercapacitor is connected to the rotor-side converter through a DC/DC interface circuit, and the supercapacitor shares a DC bus with the doubly-fed wind turbine converter, and an equivalent circuit is established.
  • the equivalent circuit is a capacitor C sc and a resistor.
  • the specific method is: controlling the functions in the formula (1) and the formula (2) by using a double closed loop cascade control structure of the inductor current inner loop and the DC bus voltage outer loop,
  • D is the duty cycle steady state value
  • s is the Laplacian operator
  • L is the inductance value of the DC/DC interface circuit, that is, the inductance value of the inductance L in the equivalent circuit
  • d is the duty cycle disturbance value.
  • the DC/DC interface circuit employs a bidirectional buck-boost circuit.
  • the technical solution of the present invention by adding a super capacitor, when power oscillation suppression is required, the grid-side converter controls the DC component of the rotor power, and performs feedforward control on the stator oscillation power.
  • the DC bus will oscillate. Due to the supercapacitor control of the DC bus, the oscillating power is injected into the supercapacitor via the DC bus. Achieving not only can effectively dampen the shafting oscillation, but also ensure that the output power of the unit is not affected by the damping power. And since only the oscillation power is absorbed, the required supercapacitance capacity is small.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a super capacitor installation principle in a power oscillation suppression method for a doubly-fed wind turbine using a super capacitor energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an electronic circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit in a power oscillation suppression method for a doubly-fed wind turbine using a supercapacitor energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram of the principle of electrical resistance control.
  • Figure 4 is a block diagram of the supercapacitor control principle.
  • Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing the principle of switching control of the grid side converter.
  • Figure 6 is a simulation diagram of the grid voltage.
  • Figure 7 is a graph of DC bus and super capacitor voltage response.
  • Fig. 8 is a graph showing the comparison of the presence or absence of power oscillation suppression.
  • Figure 9 is a graph comparing the speed of the generator.
  • Double feed generator 1 Rotor side converter 2
  • a power oscillation suppression method for a doubly-fed wind turbine using a supercapacitor energy storage system specifically comprising:
  • the supercapacitor is connected to the rotor-side converter through a DC/DC interface circuit, and the supercapacitor shares a DC bus with the doubly-fed wind turbine converter, and an equivalent circuit is established.
  • the equivalent circuit is shown in FIG. 2, and the capacitor C Sc , the resistor R res , the inductor L, the rotor-side converter U 1 and the capacitor C dc are sequentially connected in series to form a loop, the capacitor C dc , the parallel resistance R at both ends, the node between the inductor L and the rotor-side converter U 1
  • the node between capacitor C sc and capacitor C dc is node B
  • rotor-side converter U 2 is connected between node A and node B.
  • Capacitor C dc and capacitor C sc represent DC bus capacitor and super capacitor.
  • RES is the resistance R ESR super-capacitor, the equivalent load resistance R, the rotor side converter on the U signal S 11 and the rotor side converter on the signal S 2 U 2 DC / DC converter control
  • the signal, current I sc and current I dc are the inductor current and the DC bus capacitor current, respectively, and the voltage E sc and the voltage E dc are the supercapacitor and the DC bus voltage, respectively.
  • the specific method is: controlling the functions in the formula (1) and the formula (2) by using a double closed loop cascade control structure of the inductor current inner loop and the DC bus voltage outer loop,
  • D is the duty cycle steady state value
  • s is the Laplacian operator
  • L is the DC/DC interface circuit
  • the inductance value is the inductance value of the inductance L in the equivalent circuit, and d is the duty cycle disturbance value.
  • the DC/DC interface circuit uses a bidirectional buck-boost circuit.
  • the supercapacitor control strategy is shown in Figure 4.
  • the dual closed-loop cascade control structure of the inductor current (IL) inner loop and the DC bus voltage (Edc) outer loop is used.
  • the control objects are equation (1) and equation (2).
  • the supercapacitor shares a DC bus with the doubly-fed wind turbine converter.
  • the interface circuit uses a bidirectional buck-boost circuit, as shown in Figure 2.
  • C dc and C sc represent the DC bus capacitance and Super capacitor
  • R res is the super capacitor equivalent series resistance
  • R is the equivalent load
  • S 1 , S 2 is the DC/DC converter control signal
  • I sc , I dc are the inductor current and DC bus capacitor current respectively
  • E sc , E dc is the super capacitor and DC bus voltage respectively.
  • the power oscillation suppression control strategy consists of two main components: a rotor converter for electrical resistance; a supercapacitor and a grid-side converter for power oscillation suppression.
  • the rotor current transformer electrical resistance increase strategy is as follows:
  • the electric damping is realized by the active additional control.
  • the dominant oscillating frequency component is extracted according to equation (3) ( ⁇ is the damping ratio, ⁇ osc is the characteristic angular frequency), Additional electrical damping torque ⁇ T e , superimposed on the original electromagnetic torque of the converter (calculated by maximum power tracking), through the torque closed loop to obtain the required rotor rotor current straight axis given component .
  • the grid-side converter controls the DC bus.
  • mode 2 the grid-side converter controls the DC component of the rotor power.
  • the feedforward control power of the stator is fed forward.
  • the DC bus will oscillate. Due to the supercapacitor control of the DC bus, the oscillation power is injected into the super capacitor through the DC bus. Since only the oscillation power is absorbed, the required supercapacitance value is required. Smaller.
  • Simulation condition The shafting of the doubly-fed wind turbine is excited by the three-phase short-circuit fault of the grid.
  • the fault causes the grid-connected voltage to drop to 0.3 pu for 625 ms.
  • the initial state of the unit is 85% rated. Compare the influence of power oscillation suppression strategy on the dynamic characteristics of the grid-connected wind turbine.
  • the supercapacitor has greatly improved the transient characteristics of the DC bus, ensuring that the DC bus is not under voltage. Since the super capacitor only absorbs the transient power, its voltage hardly rises. After the fault is recovered, the network recovers. The side converter control strategy is switched to suppress power oscillation. At this time, the super capacitor only absorbs a certain oscillation power, and the voltage rise is small. It can be seen from Fig. 8 that during the fault, the grid-side converter control strategy is switched to the DC bus voltage control (mode 1), and the delay is 0.2s after the fault recovery to the power oscillation suppression control (mode 2).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种采用超级电容储能系统的双馈风电机组功率振荡抑制方法，具体包括：在转子侧变流器上通过DC/DC接口电路连接超级电容，且超级电容与双馈风电机组转子侧变流器共用一个直流母线，并建立等效电路。等效电路为电容Csc、电阻Rres、电感L、DC/DC接口电路第一开关和电容Cdc依次串联组成回路，电容Cdc的两端并联电阻R，电感L和DC/DC接口电路第一开关之间的节点为A节点，电容Csc和电容Cdc之间的节点为B节点，A节点与B节点之间连接DC/DC接口电路第二开关。该方法达到不仅能够有效阻尼轴系振荡，而且保证机组输出功率不受阻尼功率影响的目的。

Description

采用超级电容储能系统的双馈风电机组功率振荡抑制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及风力发电及其并网控制领域，具体地，涉及一种采用超级电容储能系统的双馈风电机组功率振荡抑制方法。
背景技术
目前，大规模风电集中并网对电力系统稳定产生重要影响，商业化变速风电机组虽采用大量变流技术实现同步并网，发电机和电网频率实现异步运行，增强了风电机组灵活控制性，但这种频率异步运行并不意味着机电完全解耦，不同的机组控制策略(如最大功率跟踪控制，恒功率控制等)，体现出不同程度的机电耦合，除此之外，电网故障下，这种机电耦合作用更为明显。
兆瓦级双馈风电机组传动系呈现较强柔性，存在与系统低频振荡接近的振荡频率(约1Hz)，存在诱导系统振荡失稳的风险，所以需要对风电机组增加类似同步机PSS的轴系镇定器。
现有技术方案多采用直接在风电机组功率控制环增加辅助阻尼控制回路，实现电气加阻尼，抑制轴系振荡，但这种方案会将用于抑制轴系振荡的功率注入电网，所以是欠优的。
发明内容
综上所述，确有必要提出一种采用超级电容储能系统的双馈风电机组功率振荡抑制方法，不仅能够有效阻尼轴系振荡，而且保证机组输出功率不受阻尼功率的影响。
一种采用超级电容储能系统的双馈风电机组功率振荡抑制方法，包括：
在转子侧变流器上通过DC/DC接口电路连接超级电容，且超级电容与双馈风电机组变流器共用一个直流母线，并建立等效电路，所述等效电路为电容Csc、电阻Rres、电感L、转子侧变流器U1和电容Cdc依次串联组成回路，所述电容Cdc的两端并联电阻R，所述电感L和转子侧变流器U1之间的节点为A节点，所述电容Csc和电容Cdc之间的节点为B节点，所述A节点与B节点之间连接转子侧变流器U2，所述电容Cdc,和电容Csc表示直流母线电容和超级电容，电阻Rres为超级电容等效串联电阻，电阻R为等效负载，转子侧变流器U1上的信号S1和转子侧变流器U2上的信号S2为DC/DC变换器控制信号，电流Isc和电流Idc分别为电感电流和直流母线电容电流，电压Esc和电压Edc分别为超级电容和直流母线电压；
具体方法为：采用电感电流内环和直流母线电压外环的双闭环串级控制结构对公式(1)和公式(2)中的函数进行控制，
Figure WO982-appb-I000001
(1)
Figure WO982-appb-I000002
(2)
其中，D为占空比稳态值，s为拉普拉斯算子，L为DC/DC接口电路的电感值即等效电路中电感L的电感值，d为占空比扰动值。
优选的，所述DC/DC接口电路采用双向buck-boost电路。
与现有技术相比较，本发明的技术方案，通过加装超级电容，当需要功率振荡抑制时，网侧变流器控制转子功率的直流分量，并对定子振荡功率进行前馈控制，此时直流母线将振荡，由于超级电容对直流母线的控制，该振荡功率经过直流母线注入到超级电容中。达到不仅能够有效阻尼轴系振荡，而且保证机组输出功率不受阻尼功率影响的目的。并且由于只吸收振荡功率，所需超级电容容值较小。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施例所述的采用超级电容储能系统的双馈风电机组功率振荡抑制方法中超级电容加装原理示意图。
图2为本发明实施例所述的采用超级电容储能系统的双馈风电机组功率振荡抑制方法中等效电路的电子电路图。
图3为电气加阻控制原理框图。
图4为超级电容控制原理框图。
图5为网侧变流器控制切换原理框图。
图6为电网电压仿真曲线图。
图7为直流母线、超级电容电压响应曲线图。
图8为有无功率振荡抑制对比曲线图。
图9为发电机转速对比曲线图。
主要元件符号说明
双馈发电机 1
转子侧变流器 2
如下具体实施例将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
一种采用超级电容储能系统的双馈风电机组功率振荡抑制方法，具体包括：
在转子侧变流器上通过DC/DC接口电路连接超级电容，且超级电容与双馈风电机组变流器共用一个直流母线，并建立等效电路，等效电路如图2所示，电容Csc、电阻Rres、电感L、转子侧变流器U1和电容Cdc依次串联组成回路，电容C dc ,的两端并联电阻R，电感L和转子侧变流器U1之间的节点为A节点，电容Csc和电容Cdc之间的节点为B节点，A节点与B节点之间连接转子侧变流器U2，电容Cdc和电容Csc表示直流母线电容和超级电容，电阻Rres为超级电容等效串联电阻，电阻R为等效负载，转子侧变流器U1上的信号S1和转子侧变流器U2上的信号S2为DC/DC变换器控制信号，电流Isc和电流Idc分别为电感电流和直流母线电容电流，电压Esc和电压Edc分别为超级电容和直流母线电压。
具体方法为：采用电感电流内环和直流母线电压外环的双闭环串级控制结构对公式(1)和公式(2)中的函数进行控制，
Figure WO982-appb-I000003
(1)
Figure WO982-appb-I000004
(2)
其中，D为占空比稳态值，s为拉普拉斯算子，L为DC/DC接口电路
的电感值即等效电路中电感L的电感值，d为占空比扰动值。
其中，DC/DC接口电路采用双向buck-boost电路。
超级电容控制策略如图4所示，采用电感电流(IL)内环和直流母线电压(Edc)外环的双闭环串级控制结构，控制对象分别为式(1)和公式(2)。
如图1所示，超级电容与双馈风电机组变流器共用一个直流母线，其接口电路采用双向buck-boost电路，如图2所示，图中Cdc，Csc分别表示直流母线电容和超级电容，Rres为超级电容等效串联电阻，R为等效负载，S1，S2为DC/DC变换器控制信号，Isc，Idc分别为电感电流和直流母线电容电流，Esc，Edc分别为超级电容和直流母线电压。
功率振荡抑制控制策略包含两个主要组成部分：转子变流器进行电气加阻；超级电容与网侧变流器实现功率振荡抑制。
转子变流器电气加阻策略具体如下：
Figure WO982-appb-I000005
（3）
如图3所示，电气加阻尼是通过有功附加控制实现，通过测量发电机转速信号ωr，根据式(3)提取主导振荡频率分量(ξ为阻尼比，ωosc为特征角频率)，得到附加电气阻尼转矩ΔTe，叠加到变流器原有电磁转矩给定
Figure WO982-appb-I000006
(通过最大功率跟踪计算得到)，通过转矩闭环得到所需的发转子电流直轴给定分量
Figure WO982-appb-I000007
。
如图5所示，当不需要功率振荡抑制时(模式1)，网侧变流器控制直流母线，当需要功率振荡抑制时(模式2)，网侧变流器控制转子功率的直流分量，并对定子振荡功率进行前馈控制，此时直流母线将振荡，由于超级电容对直流母线的控制，该振荡功率经过直流母线注入到超级电容中，由于只吸收振荡功率，所需超级电容容值较小。
可行性验证(仿真)：
仿真工况：通过电网三相短路故障激发双馈风电机组轴系振荡，故障导致并网电压跌落至0.3pu，持续时间625ms，机组初始状态工作于85％额定。比较有无功率振荡抑制策略对双馈风电机组并网动态特性的影响。
由图7可知，电网暂态故障期间，超级电容对直流母线暂态特性有很大改善，保证直流母线不过压，由于超级电容只吸收暂态功率，其电压几乎不上升，故障恢复后，网侧变流器控制策略切换到抑制功率振荡，此时超级电容只吸收一定的振荡功率，电压上升较小。由图8可知，故障期间，网侧变流器控制策略切换到直流母线电压控制(模式1)，故障恢复后延时0.2s切换到功率振荡抑制控制(模式2)，延时的原因是避开定子功率跳变对陷波器信号提取的影响，切换到功率振荡抑制策略后，可以明显看出双馈风电机组并网功率不含振荡成分，较为平稳，与此同时，由于附加电气阻尼的作用，转速振荡也得到较快阻尼如图9所示。
另外，本领域技术人员还可在本发明精神内作其它变化，当然这些依据本发明精神所作的变化，都应包含在本发明所要求保护的范围内。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种采用超级电容储能系统的双馈风电机组功率振荡抑制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在转子侧变流器上通过DC/DC接口电路连接超级电容，且超级电容与双馈风电机组变流器共用一个直流母线，并建立等效电路，所述等效电路为电容Csc、电阻Rres、电感L、转子侧变流器U1和电容Cdc依次串联组成回路，所述电容Cdc的两端并联电阻R，所述电感L和转子侧变流器U1之间的节点为A节点，所述电容Csc和电容Cdc之间的节点为B节点，所述A节点与B节点之间连接转子侧变流器U2，所述电容Cdc和电容Csc表示直流母线电容和超级电容，电阻Rres为超级电容等效串联电阻，电阻R为等效负载，转子侧变流器U1上的信号S1和转子侧变流器U2上的信号S2为DC/DC变换器控制信号，电流Isc和电流Idc分别为电感电流和直流母线电容电流，电压Esc和电压Edc分别为超级电容和直流母线电压；
    具体方法为：采用电感电流内环和直流母线电压外环的双闭环串级控制结构对公式(1)和公式(2)中的函数进行控制，
    Figure WO982-appb-I000008
    （1）
    Figure WO982-appb-I000009
    （2）
    其中，D为占空比稳态值，s为拉普拉斯算子，L为DC/DC接口电路
    的电感值即等效电路中电感L的电感值，d为占空比扰动值。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的采用超级电容储能系统的双馈风电机组功率振荡抑制方法，其特征在于，所述DC/DC接口电路采用双向buck-boost电路。
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