WO2016116647A1

WO2016116647A1 - Air conditioning system for constructions designed to accommodate installations and method for said system

Info

Publication number: WO2016116647A1
Application number: PCT/ES2016/070022
Authority: WO
Inventors: Malgorzata Izabela Kucharska
Original assignee: Eneair Systems S.L.
Priority date: 2015-01-20
Filing date: 2016-01-19
Publication date: 2016-07-28
Also published as: ES2580328B1; ES2580328A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an air conditioning system (1) for constructions (2) designed to accommodate installations (75), comprising: a ventilation outlet (3) and an air renewal inlet (4) applied to the construction (2); a ventilation driver (5); a generator (6); a wind turbine (7) linked to the driver (5) and/or to the generator (6); a motor (8) for the driver (5); selective couplings (10, 11, 12, 13) between the driver (5), the generator (6), the turbine (7) and the motor (8); an energy accumulator (14); an air flow regulator (15); sensors (20, 21, 22) of air conditioning conditions and accumulated energy level; and a control unit (17). The method comprises the determining of a working point of the system (1) in accordance with the flow volumes necessary for ventilation, of the level of energy available in the accumulator (14) and the availability of energy collection.

Description

CONDITIONING SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTIONS INTENDED TO STAY FACILITIES AND METHOD FOR SUCH SYSTEM

D E S C R I P C I Ó N

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a building conditioning system intended to house installations, and to a method for said system. The facilities typically comprise telecommunication stations, and the construction is typically an envelope module containing said facilities. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present there are several facilities with electronic elements that need to be located distributed across various points of the geography, and often in isolated locations and without services of any kind, such as on hillsides or mountain ridges, in the mountains or fields, etc.

The electronic installations included in these constructions have limited operating temperature regimes, the majority of electronic components not being able to exceed 55 degrees for example, which is a serious limitation especially in summer and especially in hot and / or very hot locations exposed to solar irradiation, or not being effective electric accumulators below temperate or moderately cold temperatures, which also means a limitation in height and especially in cold seasons, for example in the mountains, in winter very typically.

Given also that these electronic equipment must be protected from atmospheric agents and vandalism, their implementation inside constructions with adequate resistance and insulation properties is necessary, but damages the ventilation conditions, and therefore the maintenance of adequate temperature and humidity limits. This forces to implement in these constructions equipment of conditioning, normally autonomous air conditioning equipment, quadrupling the nominal electric power consumption of the electronic equipment of these stations. Given the isolated location of the same, the provision of electrical energy is carried out by autonomous generators, which need to provide much greater power on time, requiring an oversizing that increases their costs, volume and consumption.

In relation to some elements that are cited in the system that this document proposes to solve the technical problem raised, for example, US2004071541 is known which refers to a fan assembly that includes a main vertical axis wind turbine associated with a air extraction or air supply fan. The main turbine is located above and is coaxially coupled with the fan. The fan assembly may also include an auxiliary turbine to provide starting torque for starting the rotation of the main turbine. The main turbine is typically a Darrieus or Giromill type turbine and the auxiliary turbine is typically a Savonius type turbine. In preferred embodiments, the fan assembly includes a rotation speed regulator to prevent damage to the turbine and / or fan in strong winds. It is used for the renewal of air in built spaces through ducts

Also known for example is the patent EP1985847 referring to a wind-powered roof generator, which includes a wind turbine associated with a generator, where the wind turbine is driven by the wind, and an axis thereof rotates the generator rotor , the generator being connected to an electricity storage unit to store the energy generated by the generator.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The construction conditioning system for housing facilities of the invention has a constitution that addresses the technical problem posed, obviating the need to oversize autonomous energy supply equipment for facilities contained in the construction, and even being able to cooperate in the supply energy required for these facilities. According to the invention, the system comprises: at least one ventilation outlet and at least one renewal air inlet - both applied to the construction - at least one ventilation flow impeller inside the construction from the renewal air inlet to the ventilation outlet, at least one generator, at least one wind turbine associated with the impeller and / or the generator, at least one impeller drive motor, at least selective couplings between the impeller, the generator, the turbine and the motor, at least one energy accumulator At least one air flow regulator, at least some conditioning conditions and accumulated energy level sensors and at least one adaptive control unit. In the present text as a ventilation flow impeller inside the construction is understood any impeller that produces a flow inside the building, the impeller itself being able to be installed inside the building, at the entrance or exit of air or in general in any location that effectively produces an air flow through the interior of the building from the renewal air inlet to the ventilation outlet.

The conditioning of the indoor humidity and temperature conditions is carried out through the air flow generated between the renewal inlet and the ventilation outlet, with the peculiarity that, unlike the cold generation equipment currently used, the energy necessary for the generation of this air flow is much lower, and can also be generated by the system itself, mainly through the wind turbine when it is selectively coupled to the generator, being able to have generation supports, for example by plates photovoltaic By means of the accumulator, the surpluses of own production will be stored in favorable periods, for their use in periods of deficit in production, and this stored energy can also feed the equipment of the facilities contained in the construction. When engine-assisted ventilation is required, it will be selectively coupled to the impeller and fed from the energy produced instantly and / or stored in the accumulator, to generate the flow of ventilation air,

In addition, under certain conditions, the action of the external wind on the turbine itself may be sufficient for driving the impeller, the turbine being in such conditions selectively coupled to the impeller, alternatively or in addition to the selective coupling thereof to the generator as mentioned. in the previous paragraph. The necessary ventilation flow is parameterized - depending on the conditions collected by the sensors of conditioning conditions and accumulated energy level - by the adaptive control unit, according to the method of the invention, to place the system at the working point suitable. To do this, it can act on the selective couplings between the impeller, the generator, the turbine and the engine, feed the engine, derive the energy produced to the generator, engine or indoor equipment, determine the air flow regulator opening and / or activate the electromechanical brake, the latter for example in conditions of strong outside wind. The adaptive control unit is microprocessed, so that it comprises an intelligence of management of the operation of the system.

On the other hand, the method of the invention comprises the following steps:

-Calculation of the maximum and minimum ventilation flow required, and determination of the need for additional cold or heat supply depending on the temperature and humidity inside and outside the construction, given that the priority is the adjustment of conditions interior temperature and humidity through the flow of ventilation, - reading of the level of energy existing in the accumulator,

- Reading of the availability of energy collection according to the existing solar irradiation and wind speed.

-determination of the system work point based on the calculated flows, the level of energy available in the accumulator and the availability of energy collection,

-configuration of the selective couplings, air flow regulator and switching elements arranged between at least the engine, generator and accumulator to reach the working point, and

-repeat the previous steps.

To determine the work point, and since the electronic equipment contained in the construction have valid operating temperature ranges, if for example the accumulator is partially discharged and sufficient wind is available for generation, a greater derivation of energy to the accumulator, penalizing ventilation but always maintaining the indoor temperature conditions below the upper value of the operating temperature range of the equipment. For example, in this case the flow regulators of the air to reduce the resistance offered by the air flow to the impeller and its rotation speed would be adjusted accordingly, with the lowest possible energy expenditure for ventilation. On the contrary, if the accumulator is fully charged, the working point can be placed at a lower temperature, but always within the mentioned range.

In this way, the internal conditions of both temperature and humidity can be regulated very efficiently, since the ventilation does not depend exclusively on the outside wind, and has regulation capabilities at the outlet and at the entrance of the ventilation air flow. This regulation is also managed adaptively and intelligently by the control unit based on the wind, temperature and humidity parameters.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 shows a schematic exterior view of a construction for installations that implements the system of the invention; specifically it is a mobile phone station. Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the construction shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3.- Shows a variant of the assembly formed by the ventilation outlet, the turbine, the generator, the impeller, motor and brake arranged therein.

Figure 4.- Shows another variant of the assembly formed by the ventilation outlet, the turbine, the generator, the impeller, the motor and the brake arranged therein. In this variant the generator, motor and brake of electromagnetic type are integrated in a single electric machine.

Figure 5.- Shows a block diagram of the system control unit. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION The building conditioning system (1) (2) intended to house Installations (75) of the invention comprise (see figs. 1 and 2): at least one ventilation outlet (3) applied to the construction (2); at least one inlet (4) of renewal air applied to the construction (2); at least one impeller (5) of a ventilation flow through the interior of the construction (2) from the inlet (4) of the renewal air to the ventilation outlet (3); at least one generator (6); at least one wind turbine (7) associated with the impeller (5) and / or the generator (6); at least one impeller drive motor (8)

(5) ; at least, selective couplings (10, 1 1, 12, 13) between the impeller (5), the generator (6), the turbine (7) and the engine (8); at least one energy accumulator (14); at least one air flow regulator (15); at least some sensors (20, 21, 22) of conditioning conditions and accumulated energy level; and at least one adaptive control unit (17).

The provision of at least one first selective coupling (10) (see fig. 3) between the motor (8) and the impeller (5), and / or a second selective coupling (1 1) between the turbine is provided (7) and the impeller (5) and / or a third selective coupling (12) between the turbine (7) and the generator (6). In this way, when determining the work point, the motor (8) can be coupled to the impeller (5) if ventilation is required and there is not enough outside wind, even when the impeller (7) is completely disengaged from the impeller (5) if there is no possible use of outside wind at all. If sufficient outside wind is available, the turbine (7) can be coupled to the impeller (5) and even to the generator (6) if there is sufficient wind power available, or only to be coupled to the generator (6) if it is not necessary to act on the impeller (5). In the embodiment shown in the figures, the previous couplings are made through a common shaft (70), so that the implementation of a fourth selective coupling (13) between the turbine (7) and the shaft (7) is also necessary. 70). In addition, the interleaving of a multiplier / demultiplicator box, not shown, in the third selective coupling (12) is provided, so that the most suitable speed for the generator can be selected

(6) depending on wind speed and load requirement. Additionally, the interleaving of a multiplier / demultiplier box not shown, in the second selective coupling (1 1), is provided so that the most suitable speed for the impeller (5) can be selected as a function of wind speed and the need for ventilation.

The impeller (5) is preferably arranged in at least one ventilation outlet (3), typically it is a chimney as seen in the embodiment example shown in the figures, working the system in depression. It could also be arranged in the input (4) or existing inputs, working the system in overpressure, or even simultaneously in the inputs (4) and outputs (3) deemed necessary.

The invention has also provided that the system (1) can be sized so that it is even capable of supplying the energy produced and / or stored by it to the equipment or facilities (75) contained in the construction (2). For this, in this embodiment the energy accumulator (14) has connections (76) for supplying said facilities (75).

Additionally, it is envisioned that the motor (8) can have speed variation by any known means (voltage adjustment, frequency variation, change of number of poles), so that its speed can be regulated as a first form of regulate the flow of indoor air. Another second intended way of regulating this flow is through the air flow regulator (15), which in this example (see fig. 2) comprises automatic actuating flaps (15a) arranged in the renewal air inlets (4) , although they could also be arranged in the ventilation outlets (3) and / or both. A second embodiment of the regulator would comprise step variators, not shown, of the impeller blades (5) and / or the turbine (7). A third embodiment of the air flow regulator (15) could comprise a brake (18), preferably of an electromagnetic type, to slow down the impeller (5). This brake can be implemented directly on the impeller, and / or indirectly on the turbine (7) and / or generator (6) in the system configurations where these last two elements are coupled to the impeller (5). Likewise, the brake (18) could be of the mechanical type, but if it is of the electromagnetic type it is allowed that the generator (6), motor (8) and brake (18) of the electromagnetic type can be integrated into a single electric machine as seen in Figure 4. In this case the first selective coupling (10) and the third selective coupling (12) coincide. In any case, the described variants of speed regulation are not mutually exclusive, and may be coexisting in some variant embodiment of the invention.

As regards the turbine (7), it preferably comprises a giromill turbine, while it is envisioned that the generator (6) can comprise at least one controller (6a) of its excitation current, in order to accurately vary the energy produced regardless of the speed of rotation.

In this preferred embodiment, it is understood that the generator comprises inductor coils for the generation of magnetic fields, which can be of independent excitation or self-excitation. The levels of flow of the excitation current of the coils (and therefore, the energy generated by the generator) can be adjusted adaptively, both with respect to the weather conditions and with the consumption needs of the constructions destined to house facilities . This circumstance gives it a clear technical advantage over permanent magnet generators, through which the generated energy cannot be regulated.

For their part, the conditioning condition sensors ideally comprise indoor and / or outdoor temperature sensors (20), indoor and / or outdoor humidity sensors (21) and / or an outdoor anemometer (22).

The invention has provided that additionally at least one heating element (25) can be arranged inside the construction (2), to regulate the temperature and humidity in cold places and / or seasons and adapt to the optimum temperature of the Equipment and accumulators. Said heating element (25) ideally comprises radiant plates with compensation of the power factor and intelligent regulation. In the same way, the possible inclusion of at least one support cooling element (26) inside the construction (2), which will come into operation if the air flow is unable to maintain the temperature within its upper margin. This cooling element (26) preferably comprises an evaporator of an air conditioning unit whose external condenser (26a) can be seen in fig 1, and will require a much lower power (of the order of 1 KW) to the air conditioning equipment that is currently have (of the order of 3 KW).

Additionally, the provision of photovoltaic panels (27) of support in generation, associated with the control unit (17) and the energy accumulator (14) and the motor (8), is provided so that its production can be, according to the needs, derived by the control unit towards the accumulator (14) or the engine (8). As regards the accumulation of energy, the system (1) preferably comprises at least two batteries or accumulators (14) in parallel, which can operate in alternative charge and discharge, charging one and at the same time taking advantage of the previously charged electrical energy and stored in the other. A health status control of the accumulators (14) can also be implemented, which will detect when their performance falls and when their replacement is required In a preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic panels (27) comprise at least one solar panel which can be of any of the fixed types (such as monocrystalline, polycrystalline or other known types) and / or flexible (such as organic, amorphous or other known types). Another feature of the system of the invention includes the provision of protections against water ingress (28) in the ventilation outlets (3) and / or in the inlets (4) of renewal air, where it is anticipated that this incidence may occur, to prevent the entry of water. In addition, for the same purpose it is envisaged that at least one drain manifold (29) of incoming water may be provided at the ventilation outlets (3) and / or in the inlets (4) of the renewal air.

With respect to the control unit (17), as seen in Figure 5, it comprises at least one microcontroller (17a), an external communication interface (17b) and a memory (17c) for storage of operating and operating parameters. data obtained during operation. Through the interface (17b) the control unit (17) performs the readings of all operating parameters (temperatures, humidity, wind force and direction, solar activity, voltage at the battery terminals, etc., activates the elements system executives (actuators to handle the flow of charge between accumulator (14), generator (6) and photovoltaic panels (27), for opening regulation of air flow regulators (15), for the engine (8) of impeller (5), selective couplings (10, 1 1, 12, 13), brake (18), controller (6a) of generator excitation current (6), connection of heating elements (25) and / or coolers (26), etc., but also through the interface (17b) it can communicate with a centralized control, not shown, for control, configuration and fault detection. The interface (17b) can be prepared to communicate with the centralized control. through the network itself supported by the installation is (75), since in this case it is a telephone and data station.

As for the method, it comprises the following stages:

-calculation of the maximum and minimum ventilation flow required, and determination of the need for additional cold or heat supply depending on the temperature and humidity inside and outside the construction (2).

- reading of the energy level in the accumulator (14).

-determination of the system work point (1),

-configuration of the selective couplings (10, 1 1, 12, 13), air flow regulator (15) and switching elements arranged between at least the motor (8), generator (6), accumulator (17) to reach the point of work, and

-repeat the previous steps.

The steps prior to the configuration of the selective couplings (10, 1 1, 12, 13), air flow regulator (15) and switching elements can occur in any order, not only in the proposed one

Describing sufficiently the nature of the invention, it is indicated that the description thereof and its preferred embodiment should be construed in a non-limiting manner, and that it encompasses all of the possible embodiments that are deduced from the content of the present specification. and of the claims.

Claims

1. - System (1) for the conditioning of constructions (2) intended to house facilities (75) characterized in that it comprises: at least one ventilation outlet (3) applied to the construction (2); at least one inlet (4) of renewal air applied to the construction (2); at least one ventilation flow impeller (5) inside the construction (2) from the renewal air inlet (4) to the ventilation outlet (3); at least one generator (6); at least one wind turbine (7) associated with the impeller (5) and / or the generator (6); at least one impeller drive motor (8) (5); at least, selective couplings (10, 1 1, 12, 13) between the impeller (5), the generator (6), the turbine (7) and the engine (8); at least one energy accumulator (14); at least one air flow regulator (15); at least some sensors (20, 21, 22) of conditioning conditions and accumulated energy level; and at least one adaptive control unit (17).

2. - System (1) for conditioning constructions (2) intended to house installations (75) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a first selective coupling (10) between the motor (8) and the impeller (5).

3. - System (1) for conditioning buildings (2) intended to house installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a second selective coupling (1 1) between the turbine (7) and the impeller (5) .

4. - System (1) for conditioning constructions (2) intended to house facilities (75) according to claim 3, characterized in that a multiplier / multiplier box is inserted in the second selective coupling (1 1).

5. - System (1) for conditioning constructions (2) intended to house facilities (75) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises a third selective coupling (12) between the turbine (7) and the generator (6).

6. - System (1) for conditioning buildings (2) intended to house facilities (75) according to claim 5, characterized in that a multiplier / multiplier box is inserted in the third selective coupling (12).

7. - System (1) for conditioning of constructions (2) intended to house facilities (75) according to any of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the first, second, and third selective couplings are made through a common axis (70 ), comprising a fourth selective coupling (13) between the turbine (7) and said common axis (70).

8. - System (1) for conditioning constructions (2) designed to house installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impeller (5) is arranged in at least one ventilation outlet (3).

9. - System (1) for conditioning of constructions (2) intended to house installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the energy accumulator (14) has connections (76) for powering the installations (75) arranged in the construction (2).

10. - System (1) for conditioning constructions (2) intended to house installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor (8) is driven by frequency variation.

1 1. System (1) for conditioning constructions (2) designed to house installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air flow regulator (15) comprises automatic actuating flaps (15a).

12. System (1) for conditioning buildings (2) intended to house facilities (75) according to claim 1, characterized in that the flaps (15a) are arranged in the ventilation outlets (3) and / or in the entrances (4) air renewal.

13.- System (1) for building conditioning (2) to accommodate Installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the air flow regulator (15) comprises variators of the passage of the impeller blades (5) and / or the turbine (7).

14. System (1) for conditioning constructions (2) designed to house installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air flow regulator (15) comprises a brake (18) arranged in the impeller (5) ) and / or turbine (7) and / or generator (6).

15. System (1) for conditioning buildings (2) designed to house installations (75) according to claim 14, characterized in that the brake (18) is of the electromagnetic type.

16. - System (1) for conditioning constructions (2) intended to house facilities (75) according to claim 15, characterized in that the generator (6), motor (8) and brake (18) of the electromagnetic type are integrated in a Only electric machine.

17. - System (1) for conditioning buildings (2) intended to house installations (75) according to claim 14, characterized in that the brake (18) is of a mechanical type.

18. - System (1) for conditioning constructions (2) intended to house installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the turbine (7) comprises a giromill turbine.

19. - System (1) for conditioning buildings (2) intended to house installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the generator (6) comprises at least one controller (6a) of its excitation current.

20. - System (1) for conditioning constructions (2) intended to house installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the generator (6) comprises inductor coils for the generation of magnetic field.

21. - System (1) for conditioning constructions (2) intended to house installations (75) according to claim 20, characterized in that the generator inductor coils can be of independent excitation or self-excitation.

22. - System (1) for the conditioning of constructions (2) intended to house installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conditioning conditions sensors comprise internal and / or external temperature sensors (20); and / or indoor and / or outdoor humidity sensors (21); and / or an external anemometer (22).

23. - System (1) for conditioning buildings (2) intended to house installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one heating element (25) arranged inside the construction (2). ).

24. - System (1) for conditioning buildings (2) intended to house installations (75) according to claim 23, characterized in that the heating element (25) comprises radiating plates with compensation of the power factor and intelligent regulation.

25. - System (1) for conditioning of constructions (2) intended to house installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one cooling element (26) disposed by the interior of the construction (2) ).

26. - System (1) for conditioning buildings (2) intended to house installations (75) according to claim 25, characterized in that the cooling element (26) comprises an evaporator of an air conditioning unit.

27. - System (1) for conditioning constructions (2) intended to house installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises an arrangement of photovoltaic panels (27) for generation support.

28. - Building conditioning system (1) (2) intended to house installations (75) according to claim 27, wherein the photovoltaic panels (27) comprise at least one solar panel that can be of any fixed and / or flexible type.

5 29. - System (1) for conditioning construction (2) intended to house facilities (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least two accumulators (14) in parallel, with the possibility of operation in charge and alternative download.

10. System (1) for conditioning buildings (2) designed to house facilities (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a control of the state of health of the accumulators (14).

31. - System (1) for conditioning of constructions (2) intended to house 15 installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises protections against water ingress (28) arranged in the ventilation outlets (3) and / or at the entrances (4) of renewal air

32. - System (1) for conditioning of constructions (2) intended to house 20 installations (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one drain manifold (29) of incoming water disposed in the outlets (3) of ventilation and / or in the inlets (4) of renewal air.

25 33. System (1) for conditioning buildings (2) intended to house facilities (75) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit (17) comprises at least one microcontroller (17a), an interface (17b) and a memory (17c) for storage of operating parameters and data obtained during operation.

30

34.- Method (1) of conditioning of constructions (2) intended to house facilities (75) characterized in that it comprises the following stages:

-Calculation of the maximum and minimum ventilation flow required, and determination of the need for additional cold or heat supply depending on the temperature and humidity 35 inside and outside the construction (2). - reading of the energy level in the accumulator (14).

-determination of the system work point (1), depending on the calculated flow rates, the level of energy available in the accumulator (14) and the availability of energy collection,

-repeat the previous steps.