WO2016113993A1 - Dispositif de réfrigération et compresseur électrique hermétique - Google Patents

Dispositif de réfrigération et compresseur électrique hermétique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016113993A1
WO2016113993A1 PCT/JP2015/081868 JP2015081868W WO2016113993A1 WO 2016113993 A1 WO2016113993 A1 WO 2016113993A1 JP 2015081868 W JP2015081868 W JP 2015081868W WO 2016113993 A1 WO2016113993 A1 WO 2016113993A1
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Prior art keywords
refrigerant
compressor
oil
scroll member
refrigeration
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PCT/JP2015/081868
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
亮 太田
赤田 広幸
佐藤 英治
中村 聡
植田 英之
野中 正之
井関 崇
Original Assignee
ジョンソンコントロールズ ヒタチ エア コンディショニング テクノロジー(ホンコン) リミテッド
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Publication of WO2016113993A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016113993A1/fr

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C10M107/34Polyoxyalkylenes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/04Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a refrigeration apparatus using a heat pump cycle and a hermetic electric compressor.
  • R410A HFC (Hydrofluorocarbons) 32 / HFC125 (50/50 wt%)
  • difluoromethane HFC32
  • HFC32 difluoromethane
  • Examples include refrigerants mixed with HFC32, HFC125, HFC134a, etc., hydrocarbons such as propane and propylene, and low GWP hydrofluorocarbons such as fluoroethane (HFC161) and difluoroethane (HFC152a).
  • Difluoromethane (HFC32) was selected from the viewpoints of flammability, air conditioning capacity, equipment efficiency decline due to temperature gradient of non-azeotropic refrigerant, ease of handling, equipment configuration change (development), etc.
  • Refrigeration oil for refrigeration air conditioners is used in hermetic electric compressors and plays a role of lubrication, sealing, cooling, etc. of the sliding parts.
  • the most important characteristic of refrigerating machine oil for refrigerating and air-conditioning is compatibility with refrigerant.
  • compatibility When two-layer separation of liquid refrigerant and refrigerating machine oil occurs in a compressor installed in an outdoor unit, the liquid separated into each sliding part There is a concern that the refrigerant will be supplied, resulting in poor lubrication.
  • refrigeration oil is mist-like due to mechanical action during compressor operation, and is discharged to the cycle side. However, if the compatibility is inferior, the refrigeration oil stays at the low temperature part of the cycle, and the compressor oil enters the compressor.
  • the two-layer separation characteristics of the refrigerant and the oil can be evaluated by a two-layer separation temperature curve with respect to the oil concentration.
  • the two-layer separation characteristic on the low temperature side is an upwardly convex curve, with the upper side of the curve being compatible and the lower side representing the two-layer separation state.
  • the maximum value of this curve is called the low temperature side two-layer separation temperature, and the lower the temperature, the better the compatibility.
  • this low temperature side critical melting temperature needs to be ⁇ 30 ° C. or lower.
  • Patent Document 1 As a refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus using a refrigerating machine oil for refrigerating and air conditioning that is compatible with difluoromethane, there is a refrigerating apparatus that uses polyvinyl ether oil with respect to difluoromethane described in Patent Document 1.
  • polyvinyl ether oil does not have a low-temperature critical solution temperature of ⁇ 30 ° C. or lower with difluoromethane, and has insufficient compatibility.
  • Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose compositions using difluoromethane and polyol ester oil, but chemically stable extreme pressure additives such as tricresyl phosphate do not work effectively. For this reason, it is difficult to suppress wear of the sliding portion of the compressor.
  • the fatigue life of the rolling bearing is reduced because the pressure viscosity coefficient of the polyol ester oil is small.
  • the scroll wrap is made of an aluminum alloy for the purpose of reducing the weight of the scroll compressor, there is a problem that the space between the wraps is significantly worn by a tribochemical reaction.
  • the pipes that make up the cycle are long and the operating environment is low, resulting in two-layer separation in the current combination of difluoromethane and refrigeration oil. It stays and the amount of oil return to the compressor decreases. Also, the two-layer separation of the difluoromethane liquid and the refrigeration oil occurs in the compressor, and the oil-rich phase with low density is in the upper layer and the liquid refrigerant-rich phase with high density is in the lower layer, so it exists in the lower part of the compressor There is a concern that a liquid refrigerant rich phase with poor lubricity is supplied from the fuel filler opening to each compressor sliding portion, resulting in poor lubrication. Furthermore, in a structure having a rolling bearing on the compressor rotating shaft, a refrigeration oil having a low pressure-viscosity coefficient causes a problem of reducing the rolling fatigue life.
  • An object of the present invention is to suppress the wear of a compressor sliding member and improve the fatigue life of a rolling bearing in a refrigeration air conditioner and a hermetic electric compressor using difluoromethane.
  • the hermetic electric compressor used in the above-described refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus includes a refrigerant compression section having a sliding section, and encloses difluoromethane and refrigerating machine oil.
  • the compressor include a scroll compressor, a rotary compressor, a twin rotary compressor, a two-stage compression rotary compressor, and a swing compressor in which a roller and a vane are integrated.
  • the refrigerant of the example is difluoromethane having a global warming potential (GWP) of 677, and the refrigerating machine oil has a terminal-modified polyalkylene glycol represented by the following chemical formula (1) having a pressure viscosity coefficient of 10 GPa ⁇ 1 or more (formula R 1 and R 3 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an acyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and one of them includes an acyl group, and R 2 is an alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Refrigerating machine oil having a low-temperature critical solution temperature with difluoromethane of ⁇ 30 ° C. or lower was enclosed.
  • GWP global warming potential
  • the terminal-modified polyalkylene glycol of the refrigerating machine oil used in the air conditioner and refrigerator of the examples has a high viscosity index, so the viscosity grade to be used varies depending on the type of the compressor, but in the scroll compressor, the viscosity at 40 ° C. Is preferably in the range of 32 to 68 mm 2 / s. In the rotary compressor, the viscosity at 40 ° C. is preferably in the range of 15 to 56 mm 2 / s.
  • a lubricity improver an antioxidant, an acid scavenger, an antifoaming agent, a metal deactivator, etc.
  • a lubricity improver extreme pressure additives are effective, and thermochemically stable tertiary phosphates (such as tricresyl phosphate) should be blended to 2.0% by weight or less with respect to the base oil.
  • thermochemically stable tertiary phosphates such as tricresyl phosphate
  • DBPC 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol
  • the acid scavenger an aliphatic epoxy compound or a carbodiimide compound, which is a compound having an epoxy ring, is generally used.
  • FIG. 1 shows an outline of the air conditioner used in this embodiment.
  • the air conditioner includes an outdoor unit 1 and an indoor unit 2.
  • the outdoor unit 1 includes a compressor 3, a four-way valve 4, an outdoor heat exchanger 5, expansion means 6 (expansion part), and an accumulator 8.
  • the compressor 3 includes a refrigerant compression unit having a built-in motor and a sliding portion.
  • the indoor unit 2 includes an indoor heat exchanger 7.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas compressed adiabatically by the compressor 3 is cooled by the outdoor heat exchanger 5 (used as a condensing means) through the discharge pipe and the four-way valve 4, It becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • This refrigerant expands in the expansion means 6 (for example, a temperature type expansion valve), becomes a low-temperature low-pressure liquid containing a slight amount of gas, reaches the indoor heat exchanger 7 (used as an evaporation means), and indoor air The heat is obtained from the gas and then passes through the four-way valve 4 again in the state of low-temperature gas before entering the accumulator 8.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant that could not be evaporated by the indoor heat exchanger is separated in the accumulator 8, and the low-temperature and low-pressure gas reaches the compressor 3.
  • the flow of the refrigerant is changed in the reverse direction by the four-way valve 4, and the reverse action occurs.
  • FIG. 2 shows an outline of the refrigerator used in this example.
  • the refrigerator is composed of an outdoor unit 9 and a cooler unit 10 such as a showcase.
  • the outdoor unit 9 includes a compressor 11, a condenser 12, a supercooler 13, expansion means 14 and 17 (expansion unit), and an accumulator 16.
  • the compressor 11 includes a refrigerant compression unit having a built-in motor and a sliding portion.
  • the cooler unit 10 includes an evaporator 15.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas compressed adiabatically by the compressor 11 is cooled by the condenser 12 through the discharge pipe, becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant and is supercooled by the subcooler 13, and then the expansion means 14. It expands by (for example, a temperature type expansion valve etc.), becomes a low-temperature / low-pressure liquid slightly containing gas, and is sent into the cooler unit 10.
  • the evaporator 15 obtains heat from the air, passes through the accumulator 16 in the state of low-temperature gas, and returns to the compressor 11.
  • the compressor for a refrigerator has a high refrigerant compression ratio of about 10 to 20, and the refrigerant gas tends to become high temperature.
  • the liquid refrigerant exiting the condenser 12 is branched, a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid containing gas is obtained by the expansion means 17 (for example, a capillary tube), and the high-pressure liquid refrigerant in the main system is further cooled by the subcooler 13. After that, the discharge temperature is lowered by returning to the compressor 11.
  • the expansion means 17 for example, a capillary tube
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structure of a scroll type hermetic compressor.
  • the compressors 3 and 11 include a fixed scroll member 19 having a spiral wrap 18 provided perpendicular to an end plate, a revolving scroll member 21 having a wrap 20 having substantially the same shape as the fixed scroll member 19, and a revolving A frame 22 that supports the scroll member 21, a crankshaft 23 that pivots the orbiting scroll member 21, an electric motor 24, and a pressure vessel 25 that incorporates these are included.
  • the spiral wrap 18 and the wrap 20 are engaged with each other so as to form a compression mechanism.
  • the orbiting scroll member 21 is revolved by the crankshaft 23, the outermost compression chamber 26 among the compression chambers 26 formed between the fixed scroll member 19 and the orbiting scroll member 21 revolves.
  • the fixed scroll member 19 and the orbiting scroll member 21 move toward the center.
  • the compression chamber 26 communicates with the discharge port 27, and the compressed gas discharged into the pressure vessel 25 is discharged from the discharge pipe 28 to the compressor. 3 and 11 are discharged to the outside.
  • the crankshaft 23 rotates at a constant speed or a rotation speed corresponding to a voltage controlled by an inverter (not shown) to perform a compression operation.
  • An oil sump 29 is provided below the electric motor 24, and the oil in the oil sump 29 passes through the oil hole 30 provided in the crankshaft 23 due to a pressure difference, and the orbiting scroll member 21. It is supplied to the lubrication of the sliding part with the crankshaft 23, the rolling bearings of the main bearing 31 and the auxiliary bearing 32, and the like.
  • Examples of the present invention and comparative examples will be described below.
  • Examples 1 and 2 The refrigerating machine oils of Examples 1 and 2 are as follows.
  • A Polyalkylene glycol oil (PAG) (Polypropylene glycol oil with ethanoyl groups at both ends)
  • B Polyalkylene glycol oil (PAG) (Polypropylene glycol oil with ethanoyl group and methyloxy group at both ends)
  • Comparative Examples 1 to 7 (C) Polyalkylene glycol oil (PAG) (Polypropylene glycol oil with hydroxyl groups at both ends)
  • D Polyalkylene glycol oil (PAG) (Polypropylene glycol oil with methyloxy groups at both ends)
  • E Polyalkylene glycol oil (PAG) (Polypropylene glycol oil with methyloxy and hydroxyl groups at both ends)
  • F Polyalkylene glycol oil (PAG) (Polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol copolymer oils with
  • the compatibility between the refrigerant and the refrigeration oil guarantees the reliability of the compressor and the heat exchange efficiency, such as oil return from the refrigeration cycle to the compressor (to ensure the amount of oil inside the compressor) or lubrication. This is one of the important characteristics.
  • the compatibility evaluation of difluoromethane and refrigerating machine oil was measured according to JIS K 2211.
  • the refrigerant was sealed in a pressure-resistant glass container at an arbitrary oil concentration, and the contents were observed while the temperature was changed. When the content was cloudy, it was judged as two-layer separation, and when it was transparent, it was judged as dissolved.
  • the oil concentration dependency of the temperature at which the two layers are separated is generally a curve having a maximum value. This maximum value was taken as the low temperature side critical dissolution temperature.
  • Viscosity pressure coefficient (Viscosity pressure coefficient) Using a falling body type high-pressure viscometer, the high-pressure viscosity at 20 ° C. to 160 ° C. and 1 to 130 MPa was measured, and the viscosity pressure coefficient at 60 ° C. was calculated according to the following literature.
  • Table 1 shows the low-temperature critical solution temperature, the viscosity pressure coefficient, and the fatigue average life results of rolling bearings for each refrigeration oil.
  • the viscosity pressure coefficient was 13 MPa ⁇ 1 or more, and it was found that the rolling bearing fatigue average life exceeded 150 hours.
  • the low-temperature critical solution temperature is -30 ° C, which is necessary to prevent deterioration of lubricity due to oil return from the refrigeration cycle to the compressor or supply of high-concentration refrigerant, and to prevent reduction in heat exchange efficiency of the refrigeration cycle.
  • the refrigeration oils of Examples 1 and 2 are necessary to satisfy the refrigeration air conditioner and the compressor reliability in the overall view.
  • Comparative Examples 1 to 7 one of the characteristics was inferior, and it was found that the refrigerant oil was insufficient as a refrigerating machine oil for a hermetic compressor using difluoromethane.
  • Example 3 In this example, a 3000-hour endurance test under high speed and high load conditions was performed using a packaged air conditioner 14.0 kW model equipped with the scroll type hermetic compressor described above. The compressor was operated at a rotational speed of 6000 min ⁇ 1 . A 250 ⁇ m heat-resistant PET film (Type B 130 ° C.) was used for the insulation between the motor core and the coil, and a double coated copper wire coated with a polyesterimide-amideimide double coat was used for the main insulation of the coil. . Difluoromethane was used as the refrigerant, and 4000 g was sealed in the cycle.
  • the refrigerating machine oil 1000 ml of the polyalkylene glycol oil having a kinematic viscosity of 46 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C. used in Example 1 was sealed in advance in the compressor.
  • This refrigerating machine oil contains 0.5% by weight of an epoxy acid scavenger as an additive, 0.25% by weight of DBPC (2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol) as an acid scavenger, extreme pressure
  • DBPC 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol
  • extreme pressure 1.0% by weight of tricresyl phosphate was blended.
  • the mounted scroll-type hermetic compressor was disassembled, and the state of wear and the occurrence of flaking on the rolling bearing were examined.
  • This refrigerating machine oil additive includes 0.5% by weight of an epoxy acid scavenger, 0.25% by weight of DBPC (2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol) as an acid scavenger, extreme pressure As an additive, 1.0% by weight of tricresyl phosphate was blended.
  • Example 4 This embodiment is a scroll using a fixed scroll member, an orbiting scroll member, and an aluminum-silicon eutectic alloy containing 10 to 12% of silicon having high strength and excellent wear resistance in the frame and containing aluminum as a main component. In the closed type compressor, the same test as in Example 3 was performed for 500 hours. This aluminum silicon alloy member is not subjected to surface treatment.
  • the refrigeration oil of this example described above suppresses the wear of the compressor sliding member and improves the fatigue life of the rolling bearing when difluoromethane having a small environmental load is used. Further, it has been found that when an aluminum alloy is used for a sliding member such as a scroll or a frame, the tribochemical reaction hardly occurs due to friction between members, and wear of the member can be suppressed. In the scroll, if at least one of the fixed scroll member and the orbiting scroll member is an aluminum alloy, both wear can be suppressed. Similar effects were obtained not only in the air conditioner but also in the refrigerator shown in FIG.

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Abstract

L'invention a pour objectif de réduire l'abrasion d'un élément coulissant d'un compresseur et d'améliorer la résistance à la fatigue d'un roulement à rouleaux dans un dispositif de réfrigération utilisant du difluorométhane. Ce dispositif de réfrigération et de conditionnement d'air comporte : un compresseur électrique hermétique qui aspire et comprime un fluide frigorigène à base de difluorométhane, a une partie coulissante, et dans lequel une huile de réfrigérateur est renfermée de manière étanche ; un échangeur de chaleur qui dissipe la chaleur en provenance du fluide frigorigène déchargé en provenance du compresseur ; un dispositif de décompression qui décomprime le fluide frigorigène s'écoulant en provenance de l'échangeur de chaleur ; et un cycle de réfrigération qui fait circuler le fluide frigorigène décompressé par le dispositif de décompression par l'intermédiaire de l'échangeur de chaleur qui absorbe de la chaleur du fluide frigorigène. Ce dispositif de réfrigération et de conditionnement d'air est caractérisé en ce que l'huile de réfrigérateur est un polyalkylène glycol terminal modifié ayant un coefficient de viscosité-pression de 11 GPa-1 ou plus et exprimé par la formule chimique (1) (où R1 et R3 représentent un groupe alkyle en C1 à C4, ou un groupe acyle en C2 à C5, avec un de ces élément comprenant un groupe acyle, et R2 représente un groupe alkylène en C2 à C4), et la température de solution critique côté basse température du fluide frigorigène et de l'huile de réfrigérateur de −30 °C ou moins. Formule 1: R1-(O-R2)n-OR3 . . . (1)
PCT/JP2015/081868 2015-01-13 2015-11-12 Dispositif de réfrigération et compresseur électrique hermétique WO2016113993A1 (fr)

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JP2015003783A JP6522345B2 (ja) 2015-01-13 2015-01-13 冷凍装置及び密閉型電動圧縮機

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WO2020049844A1 (fr) * 2018-09-06 2020-03-12 日立ジョンソンコントロールズ空調株式会社 Compresseur et dispositif à cycle frigorifique doté dudit compresseur
JP2024052371A (ja) * 2022-09-30 2024-04-11 ダイキン工業株式会社 圧縮機および冷凍サイクル装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08240351A (ja) * 1996-02-20 1996-09-17 Hitachi Ltd 冷凍装置
JP2002130125A (ja) * 2000-10-18 2002-05-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 圧縮機及び冷凍サイクル装置
JP2007046582A (ja) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-22 Sanden Corp スクロール型流体機械、及び該流体機械を用いた冷凍サイクル
JP2013014673A (ja) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-24 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd 圧縮型冷凍機用潤滑油組成物
WO2013129579A1 (fr) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-06 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Composition de fluide de travail pour appareil de réfrigération, et huile réfrigérante ainsi que procédé de fabrication de celle-ci
JP2014037928A (ja) * 2012-08-17 2014-02-27 Toshiba Carrier Corp 冷凍サイクル装置
JP2015071742A (ja) * 2014-07-25 2015-04-16 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 冷凍機油、冷凍機用作動流体組成物

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08240351A (ja) * 1996-02-20 1996-09-17 Hitachi Ltd 冷凍装置
JP2002130125A (ja) * 2000-10-18 2002-05-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 圧縮機及び冷凍サイクル装置
JP2007046582A (ja) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-22 Sanden Corp スクロール型流体機械、及び該流体機械を用いた冷凍サイクル
JP2013014673A (ja) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-24 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd 圧縮型冷凍機用潤滑油組成物
WO2013129579A1 (fr) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-06 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Composition de fluide de travail pour appareil de réfrigération, et huile réfrigérante ainsi que procédé de fabrication de celle-ci
JP2014037928A (ja) * 2012-08-17 2014-02-27 Toshiba Carrier Corp 冷凍サイクル装置
JP2015071742A (ja) * 2014-07-25 2015-04-16 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 冷凍機油、冷凍機用作動流体組成物

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