WO2016107483A1 - 一种凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法 - Google Patents

一种凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法 Download PDF

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WO2016107483A1
WO2016107483A1 PCT/CN2015/098613 CN2015098613W WO2016107483A1 WO 2016107483 A1 WO2016107483 A1 WO 2016107483A1 CN 2015098613 W CN2015098613 W CN 2015098613W WO 2016107483 A1 WO2016107483 A1 WO 2016107483A1
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winding
pole
salient
terminal
synchronous generator
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程小华
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines

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  • the invention relates to the field of current excitation, in particular to a design method of a third harmonic excitation winding of a salient-pole synchronous generator.
  • the traditional three-harmonic current excitation salient pole synchronous generator has two independent windings in the stator slot: one set is an armature winding, which outputs three-phase AC power; the other is an additional third harmonic excitation winding, used as AC excitation power supply. Since two sets of windings are used on the stator, the windings of such synchronous generators use more copper and the cost increases accordingly.
  • foreign researchers have proposed the stator common winding - by changing the wiring mode of the stator winding, the fundamental wave and the third harmonic AC potential can be induced when the stator winding cuts the air gap magnetic field.
  • the harmonic current generated by the third harmonic potential is rectified and connected to the field winding on the rotor.
  • the design of the stator common winding of the salient-pole synchronous generator of the third harmonic current excitation mainly adopts the slot vector star map method.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that it is not possible to intuitively obtain a winding scheme with good symmetry and high distribution coefficient for both pole pairs when designing the stator common winding.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a design method for a third harmonic excitation winding of a salient-pole synchronous generator.
  • a method for designing a third harmonic excitation winding of a salient-pole synchronous generator comprising the following sequence of steps:
  • the drawing method of the bipolar pair slot number phase diagram adopts a unit winding parameter method, and the unit winding parameters are used to determine the parameters of the slot number phase map.
  • the unit winding parameter method specifically, the number of columns of the bipolar pair slot number phase diagram is defined by the number of pole pairs after the change, and the number of rows of the slot number phase diagram is changed from the front pole to the pole pole The logarithm is defined together with the number of slots.
  • the stepped front pole and the changed back pole each determine the step size of each direction; after the unit winding parameter method is used to draw the bipolar pair slot number phase diagram of the stator common winding, The figure selects the slot number of the stator winding and the coil pitch.
  • the traditional drawing method of the slot number phase diagram draws the slot number phase diagram based on the three phases, which causes the illusion from the concept, which is not conducive to grasping the design law of the wound winding of the wound induction motor.
  • the unit winding parameter method uses the unit winding parameters to determine the parameters of the slot number phase map. The concept is clear and easy to operate, which helps to grasp the physical nature of the slot number phase diagram itself.
  • stator slot number z of the salient-pole synchronous generator must satisfy three requirements: (1) the number of slots z is an odd number; (2) the number of slots z can be divisible by 3; (3) the number of slots z ⁇ 27.
  • the third harmonic excitation winding is a three-phase winding, the three-phase winding comprises windings A, B, C, the terminal A1 of the winding A, the terminal B1 of the winding B, and the terminal C1 of the winding C are respectively led out by wires, forming a , b, c three terminals, used to provide 50HZ three-phase fundamental current; terminal A of winding A, terminal B2 of winding B, terminal C2 of winding C are connected by wires to form d terminal, winding A Terminal A3, terminal B3 of winding B, and terminal C3 of winding C are connected by wires to form a u terminal, and d and u terminals provide a single phase third harmonic current of 150 Hz, and the alternating current is rectified and connected to the rotor. Excitation is performed in the field winding.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • stator common winding of the salient-pole synchronous generator excited by the third harmonic current has the advantages of simple structure and less copper consumption.
  • the unit winding parameter method converts the problem of the actual winding into the problem of the unit winding, and the physical concept is intuitive, which is convenient for understanding and grasping the structure and principle of the stator common winding.
  • Figure 1 is a wiring diagram of a common winding of a stator of a salient-pole synchronous generator
  • FIG. 2 is a phase diagram of a bipolar pair slot number drawn according to the number of slots of the salient-pole synchronous generator and the number of pairs of winding poles before and after the pole change.
  • a method for designing a third harmonic excitation winding of a salient-pole synchronous generator comprising the following sequence of steps:
  • the drawing method of the bipolar pair slot number phase diagram adopts a unit winding parameter method, and the unit winding parameters are used to determine the parameters of the slot number phase map.
  • the unit winding parameter method specifically, the number of columns of the bipolar pair slot number phase diagram is defined by the number of pole pairs after the change, and the number of rows of the slot number phase diagram is changed from the front pole to the pole pole
  • the logarithm is defined together with the number of slots.
  • the stepped front pole and the changed back pole each determine the step size of each direction; after the unit winding parameter method is used to draw the bipolar pair slot number phase diagram of the stator common winding, The figure selects the slot number of the stator winding and the coil pitch.
  • stator slot number z of the salient-pole synchronous generator must satisfy three requirements: (1) the number of slots z is an odd number; (2) the number of slots z can be divisible by 3; (3) the number of slots z ⁇ 27.
  • the third harmonic excitation winding is a three-phase winding
  • the three-phase winding comprises windings A, B, C, the terminal A1 of the winding A, the terminal B1 of the winding B, and the terminal C1 of the winding C are respectively led out by wires, forming a , b, c three terminals, used to provide 50HZ three-phase fundamental current; terminal A of winding A, terminal B2 of winding B, terminal C2 of winding C are connected by wires to form d terminal, winding A Terminal A3, terminal B3 of winding B, and terminal C3 of winding C are connected by wires to form a u-terminal, and d and u terminals provide a single-phase third-harmonic current of 150 Hz, which is rectified and connected to the rotor. Excitation is performed in the upper field winding.
  • the structure of the stator common winding is as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the winding structure can simultaneously provide alternating current of two frequencies, wherein three terminals a, b and c provide three-phase symmetric 50HZ fundamental current as output of the salient-pole synchronous generator; d and u terminals provide The single-phase 50HZ third harmonic current is rectified and connected to the rotor excitation winding as the excitation current.
  • phase diagram of the bipolar to slot number of the stator winding is drawn by the unit winding parameter method. The specific steps are as follows:
  • the unit winding parameters are:
  • the slot number of the three branches of each phase winding must be symmetrical along the lateral and longitudinal centerlines of the bipolar to slot number phase diagram.
  • the slot number of the branch 1 is arranged on both sides of the center line, and the slot numbers of the branch 2 and the branch 3 are symmetrically extended to both sides. Due to the farther away from the centerline, the phase between the slot potential and the slot potential of the centerline is larger.
  • branch 1 includes 6 slot numbers
  • branch 2 includes 8 slot numbers
  • branch 3 includes 10 slot numbers.
  • the appropriate coil pitch for selecting the coil sides is as follows:

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)

Abstract

一种凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法，包含以下顺序的步骤：采用双极对槽号相位图法，将两个单极对槽号相位图合并绘制在一起，其水平方向代表一种极对数的槽号相位图，在垂直方向上又代表同一槽数在另一种极对数下的槽号相位图；根据双极对槽号相位图选择凸极同步发电机定子绕组的槽号和线圈节距。该设计方法结构简单、铜耗更少。

Description

一种凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电流励磁领域，特别涉及一种凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法。
背景技术
传统的三次谐波电流励磁凸极同步发电机的定子槽内有两套独立的绕组：一套是电枢绕组，输出三相交流电能；另一套是附加的三次谐波励磁绕组，用作交流励磁电源。由于定子上采用两套绕组，因此这种同步发电机的绕组用铜较多，成本也相应增加。为了克服其缺点，国外学者提出了定子共用绕组——通过改变定子绕组的接线方式，能够在定子绕组切割气隙磁场时感生出基波和三次谐波交流电势。其中，三次谐波电势产生的谐波电流经过整流后，连接到转子上的励磁绕组中。
目前，三次谐波电流励磁的凸极同步发电机定子共用绕组的设计主要采用的是槽矢量星型图法。这一方法的缺点是设计定子共用绕组时无法直观得到两种极对数均具有良好对称性和较高分布系数的绕组方案。而且采用这种设计方法时，必须先在一种极对数下采取某一种槽号分布方案，然后判断该方案在另一种极对数下的性能，如果无法满足要求，再返回重新调整槽号分布方案。因此，该种设计方法步骤繁琐，灵活性差，也很难满足设计要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足，提供一种凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法。
本发明的目的通过以下的技术方案实现：
一种凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法，包含以下顺序的步骤：
S1.采用双极对槽号相位图法，将两个单极对槽号相位图合并绘制在一起，其水平方向代表一种极对数的槽号相位图，在垂直方向上又代表同一槽数在另一种极对数下的槽号相位图；
S2.根据双极对槽号相位图选择凸极同步发电机定子绕组的槽号和线圈节距。
所述的双极对槽号相位图的画法采用单元绕组参数法，利用单元绕组参数来确定槽号相位图的参数。
所述的单元绕组参数法，具体为双极对槽号相位图的列数由变后极极对数与槽数一起来规定，双极对槽号相位图的行数则由变前极极对数与槽数一起来规定，同时，变前极和变后极各自确定各自方向的步长；通过单元绕组参数法画出定子共用绕组的双极对槽号相位图后，即可根据该图选择定子绕组的槽号和线圈节距。槽号相位图的传统画法以三相为依据来画槽号相位图，从概念上引起错觉，不利于把握绕线式感应电机转子绕组的设计规律。反之，单元绕组参数法利用单元绕组参数来确定槽号相位图的参数，概念清晰、操作简便，有助于把握槽号相位图本身的物理本质。
所述的凸极同步发电机定子绕组变前极极数2p1＝4，变后极极数2p2＝12。
所述的凸极同步发电机的定子槽数z必须满足3个要求：(1)槽数z是奇数；(2)槽数z可被3整除；(3)槽数z≥27。
所述的三次谐波励磁绕组为三相绕组，所述三相绕组包含绕组A、B、C，绕组A的端子A1、绕组B的端子B1、绕组C的端子C1分别用导线引出，构成a、b、c三个接线端，用于提供50HZ的三相基波电流；绕组A的端子A2、绕组B的端子B2、绕组C的端子C2用导线接在一起，构成d接线端，绕组A的端子A3、绕组B的端子B3、绕组C的端子C3用导线接在一起，构成u接线端，d、u端提供150HZ的单相三次谐波电流，该交流电流通过整流后接到转子上的励磁绕组中进行励磁。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下优点和有益效果：
1、由三次谐波电流励磁的凸极同步发电机的定子共用绕组具有结构简单、铜耗更少的优点。
2、通过双极对槽号相位图，定子共用绕组的设计变得简单而清晰。
3、依据单元绕组参数法绘制双极对槽号相位图，可以直接利用单元绕组的槽数来预见是否存在对称绕组方案，减少绕组设计的繁琐性和重复性。
4、单元绕组参数法把实际绕组的问题转化为单元绕组的问题，物理概念直观，便于理解和掌握定子共用绕组的结构和原理。
附图说明
图1为凸极同步发电机的定子共用绕组接线图；
图2为根据凸极同步发电机的定子槽数和变极前后的绕组极对数画出的双极对槽号相位图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
一种凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法，包含以下顺序的步骤：
S1.采用双极对槽号相位图法，将两个单极对槽号相位图合并绘制在一起，其水平方向代表一种极对数的槽号相位图，在垂直方向上又代表同一槽数在另一种极对数下的槽号相位图；
S2.根据双极对槽号相位图选择凸极同步发电机定子绕组的槽号和线圈节距。
所述的双极对槽号相位图的画法采用单元绕组参数法，利用单元绕组参数来确定槽号相位图的参数。
所述的单元绕组参数法，具体为双极对槽号相位图的列数由变后极极对数与槽数一起来规定，双极对槽号相位图的行数则由变前极极对数与槽数一起来规定，同时，变前极和变后极各自确定各自方向的步长；通过单元绕组参数法画出定子共用绕组的双极对槽号相位图后，即可根据该图选择定子绕组的槽号和线圈节距。
所述的凸极同步发电机定子绕组变前极极数2p1＝4，变后极极数2p2＝12。
所述的凸极同步发电机的定子槽数z必须满足3个要求：(1)槽数z是奇数；(2)槽数z可被3整除；(3)槽数z≥27。
所述的三次谐波励磁绕组为三相绕组，所述三相绕组包含绕组A、B、C，绕组A的端子A1、绕组B的端子B1、绕组C的端子C1分别用导线引出，构成a、b、c三个接线端，用于提供50HZ的三相基波电流；绕组A的端子A2、绕组B的端子B2、绕组C的端子C2用导线接在一起，构成d接线端，绕组A的端子A3、绕组B的端子B3、绕组C的端子C3用导线接在一起，构成u接线端，d、u接线端提供150HZ的单相三次谐波电流，该交流电流通过整流后接到转子上的励磁绕组中进行励磁。
下面通过更为具体的实施例对本发明进一步说明：
选择凸极同步发电机的定子槽数z＝39，变前极极数2p1＝4，变后极极数2p2＝12，定子共用绕组的结构如图1所示。该绕组结构能同时提供两种频率的交流电流，其中a、b、c三个接线端提供三相对称的50HZ基波电流，作为凸极同步发电机的输出；d、u两个接线端提供单相50HZ三次谐波电流，经过整流后接到转子励磁绕组中，作为励磁电流。
用单元绕组参数法画出定子绕组的双极对槽号相位图，具体步骤为：
(1)单元绕组参数为：
1)变前极单元绕组参数：
定子槽数与变前极极对数的最大公约数t1＝GCD(z,p1)＝GCD(39,2)＝1；
经最大公约数换算后的定子槽数zt1＝z/t1＝39/1＝39；
经最大公约数换算后的变前极极对数pt1＝p1/t1＝2/1＝2。
2)变后极单元绕组参数：
定子槽数与变后极极对数的最大公约数t2＝GCD(z,p2)＝GCD(39,6)＝3；
经最大公约数换算后的定子槽数zt2＝z/t2＝39/3＝13；
经最大公约数换算后的变后极极对数pt2＝p2/t2＝6/3＝2。
(2)由于zt1为奇数，所以双极对槽号相位图的行数L1＝2zt1＝2×39＝78，纵向步长F1＝2pt1＝2×2＝4；由于zt2也为奇数，所以有双极对槽号相位图的列数L2＝2zt2＝2×13＝26，横向步长F2＝2pt2＝2×2＝4。
(3)依据(2)中求出的行、列数和横向、纵向步长画出双极对槽号相位图如图2所示，图中只画出了a相部分，b、c相的画法完全相同，故不再赘述。
根据以下规则选择每个并联支路的槽号：
(1)并联支路1和2的基波电势同相位；
(2)并联支路1和2的三次谐波电势相位相反；
(3)支路3和1的基波电势同相位。
为了实现以上要求，在双极对槽号相位中，每相绕组三条支路的槽号必须沿双极对槽号相位图的横向和纵向中心线对称。在图2中，将支路1的槽号安排在中心线两边，支路2和支路3的槽号分别向两边对称扩展。由于离中心线越远的槽，其槽电势与中心线所在槽电势之间的相位越大，为了保证三条支路的基波和三次谐波电势的相位要求，经计算可确定支路1包括6个槽号，支路2包括8个槽号，支路3包括10个槽号。每条并联支路(只列出a相)的线圈边如下所示：
支路1:23，-33,4，-14,24，-34；
支路2:21，-31,2，-12,6，-16,26，-36；
支路3:1，-11，-32,3，-13,5，-15,25,7，-17。
为了让线圈连接更简单，以上设计中没有用到槽号9,22,35。包含所有槽的设计方式会让绕组连接方式变得非常复杂。
为了减少铜耗并且保证线圈整齐，选择线圈边的合适线圈节距如下所示：
在支路1中：线圈节距＝9槽；
在支路2中：线圈节距＝10槽；
在支路3中：线圈节距＝8槽。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法，其特征在于，包含以下顺序的步骤：
    S1.采用双极对槽号相位图法，将两个单极对槽号相位图合并绘制在一起，其水平方向代表一种极对数的槽号相位图，在垂直方向上又代表同一槽数在另一种极对数下的槽号相位图；
    S2.根据双极对槽号相位图选择凸极同步发电机定子绕组的槽号和线圈节距。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法，其特征在于：所述的双极对槽号相位图的画法采用单元绕组参数法，利用单元绕组参数来确定槽号相位图的参数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法，其特征在于：所述的单元绕组参数法，具体为双极对槽号相位图的列数由变后极极对数与槽数一起来规定，双极对槽号相位图的行数则由变前极极对数与槽数一起来规定，同时，变前极和变后极各自确定各自方向的步长；通过单元绕组参数法画出定子共用绕组的双极对槽号相位图后，即可根据该图选择定子绕组的槽号和线圈节距。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法，其特征在于：所述的凸极同步发电机定子绕组变前极极数2p1＝4，变后极极数2p2＝12。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法，其特征在于：所述的凸极同步发电机的定子槽数z必须满足3个要求：(1)槽数z是奇数；(2)槽数z可被3整除；(3)槽数z≥27。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的凸极同步发电机三次谐波励磁绕组的设计方法，其特征在于：所述的三次谐波励磁绕组为三相绕组，所述三相绕组包含绕组A、B、C，绕组A的端子A1、绕组B的端子B1、绕组C的端子C1分别用导线引出，构成a、b、c三个接线端，用于提供50HZ的三相基波电流；绕组A的端子A2、绕组B的端子B2、绕组C的端子C2用导线接在一起，构成d接线端，绕组A的端子A3、绕组B的端子B3、绕组C的端子C3用导线接在一起，构成u接线端，d、u端提供150HZ的单相三次谐波电流，该交流电流通过整流后接到转子上的励磁绕组中进行励磁。
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