WO2016107279A1 - 一种双流波束赋形方法及装置 - Google Patents
一种双流波束赋形方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016107279A1 WO2016107279A1 PCT/CN2015/093796 CN2015093796W WO2016107279A1 WO 2016107279 A1 WO2016107279 A1 WO 2016107279A1 CN 2015093796 W CN2015093796 W CN 2015093796W WO 2016107279 A1 WO2016107279 A1 WO 2016107279A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
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- the present application relates to the field of wireless communications technologies, and in particular, to a dual stream beamforming method and apparatus.
- Beamforming makes the beam have clear directivity, can increase the coverage distance, improve the signal quality, improve the ability to penetrate the building, and can increase the throughput of the cell edge users, thus obtaining a wide range of applications.
- the existing dual-stream beamforming scheme uses the uplink pilot for uplink channel estimation to obtain a channel matrix, calculates a channel correlation matrix according to the obtained channel matrix, performs eigenvalue decomposition on the channel correlation matrix, and decomposes to obtain maximum and second largest eigenvalues.
- Two sets of feature vectors are used to form a two-flow beamforming by using the conjugate of the two sets of feature vectors as the shape vector on the transmitting antenna of the base station.
- the existing dual-stream beamforming scheme requires eigenvalue decomposition to calculate two sets of eigenvectors to obtain a shape vector, which has a high computational complexity.
- the eigenvector corresponding to the second largest eigenvalue of the channel correlation matrix cannot be compared with the actual channel condition, resulting in poor beamforming performance using the obtained shaped vector. .
- the purpose of the present application is to provide a dual-flow beamforming method and device to solve the problem of high complexity and poor performance of the existing dual-stream beamforming operation.
- a dual stream beamforming method comprising:
- the second data stream is beamformed.
- determining the second shaping vector according to the array response vector including:
- determining, according to the feature vector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue, a first shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna including:
- Determining, according to the second shaping vector, a second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna including:
- the method further includes:
- the power factor thereon is determined based on the total transmitted power on each antenna, respectively.
- determining, according to the second shaping vector, a second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna including:
- the second shaping vector corresponding to each antenna is determined according to the normalized second shaping vector.
- performing eigenvalue decomposition on the channel correlation matrix of the uplink pilot to obtain a feature vector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue including: performing channel correlation matrices of the uplink pilots on the respective subbands separately. Decomposition of eigenvalues to obtain eigenvectors corresponding to the largest eigenvalues on each subband;
- Determining, according to the feature vector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue, a first shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna including: determining, according to the feature vector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue on each subband, each antenna in each sub Carrying a corresponding first shaping coefficient;
- Calculating the array response vector using the estimated angle of arrival includes: calculating an array response vector on each subband using the estimated angle of arrival on each subband;
- Determining, according to the array response vector, a second shaping vector, and determining, according to the second shaping vector, a second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna including: respectively, according to an array response vector on each subband Determining a second shaping vector on each sub-band, and determining each antenna on each self-band according to a second shaping vector on each sub-band Corresponding second shaping coefficient;
- Beamforming of the two data streams includes: beamforming the first data stream sent to the user equipment on each subband using the corresponding first beamforming coefficients on each subband on each antenna And using the corresponding second beamforming coefficients on the respective subbands to respectively beamform the second data stream sent to the user equipment on each subband.
- the embodiment of the present application further provides a dual-stream beamforming device, including:
- a first shaping vector generating module configured to perform eigenvalue decomposition on a channel correlation matrix of an uplink pilot to obtain a feature vector corresponding to a maximum eigenvalue; and determine, according to the feature vector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue, respectively, each antenna First shaping factor;
- a second shape vector generating module configured to calculate an array response vector by using the estimated angle of arrival, wherein the angle of arrival is obtained according to the uplink pilot estimate; and determining a second shape vector according to the array response vector, And determining, according to the second shaping vector, a second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna;
- a beamforming module configured to perform beamforming on the first data stream sent to the user equipment by using the corresponding first beamforming coefficient on each antenna, and using the corresponding second beamforming coefficient opposite direction
- the second data stream sent by the user equipment performs beamforming.
- the second shaping vector generating module when determining the second shaping vector according to the array response vector, is configured to:
- the first shaping vector generating module is configured to: select a feature according to the maximum eigenvalue The vector and the calculated power factor on each antenna respectively determine a first shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna, the power factor such that the transmission power on each antenna does not exceed the system limited power;
- the second shaping vector generating module is configured to: respectively, according to the second shaping vector and the power factor, respectively Determine a second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna.
- a power factor determination module is further included, configured to:
- the power factor thereon is determined based on the total transmitted power on each antenna, respectively.
- the The second shape vector generation module is used to:
- the second shaping vector corresponding to each antenna is determined according to the normalized second shaping vector.
- the first shaping vector generating module is configured to separately perform eigenvalue decomposition on the channel correlation matrix of each uplink subband on the uplink pilot to obtain a maximum feature on each subband. a feature vector corresponding to the value; determining, according to the feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature value on each of the sub-bands, a corresponding first shaping coefficient of each antenna on each sub-band;
- the second shaping vector generating module is configured to: respectively calculate an array response vector on each sub-band by using an estimated angle of arrival on each sub-band; and determine each sub-band separately according to the array response vector on each sub-band a second shaping vector, and determining, according to the second shaping vector on each subband, a second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna on each of the self-bands;
- the beamforming module is configured to perform beamforming on the first data stream sent to the user equipment on each subband by using a corresponding first beamforming coefficient on each subband on each antenna.
- the second data stream transmitted to the user equipment on each subband is beamformed using its corresponding second beamforming coefficients on each subband.
- the embodiment of the present application further provides a base station, including:
- a processor for reading a program in the memory performing the following process:
- transceiver for receiving and transmitting data under the control of a processor
- a memory that holds the data that the processor uses when performing operations.
- the processor when determining the second shaping vector according to the array response vector, the processor reads the program in the memory, and performs the following process:
- determining, according to the feature vector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue, a first shaping system corresponding to each antenna When the processor reads the program in the memory, the following process is performed: determining the first shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna according to the feature vector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue and the calculated power factor on each antenna The power factor such that the transmit power on each antenna does not exceed the system limited power;
- the processor reads the program in the memory, and performs the following process: according to the second shaping vector and the power factor, The second shaping coefficients corresponding to the respective antennas are respectively determined.
- the processor also reads the program in the memory and performs the following process:
- the power factor thereon is determined based on the total transmitted power on each antenna, respectively.
- the processor when determining the second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna according to the second shaping vector, the processor reads the program in the memory, and performs the following process:
- the second shaping vector corresponding to each antenna is determined according to the normalized second shaping vector.
- the processor reads the program in the memory and performs the following process:
- the second beamforming coefficients respectively beamform the second data stream sent to the user equipment on each subband.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a dual stream beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a dual stream beamforming method according to another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dual stream beamforming device according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present application.
- the dual-stream beamforming method provided by the embodiment of the present application is as shown in FIG. 1 , and specifically includes the following operations:
- Step 100 Perform eigenvalue decomposition on the channel correlation matrix of the uplink pilot to obtain a feature vector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue.
- the feature vector corresponding to the obtained maximum eigenvalue is normalized by a norm.
- Step 110 Determine, according to the feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature value, a first shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna.
- Step 120 Calculate the array response vector using the estimated DOA (angle of arrival).
- the array response vector V tmp, 2 can be, but is not limited to, calculated by the following formula:
- N t is the number of transmitting antennas of the base station
- d is the antenna spacing
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the signal.
- Step 130 Determine a second shaping vector according to the array response vector, and determine, according to the second shaping vector, a second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna.
- Step 140 Perform beamforming on the first data stream sent to the user equipment by using the corresponding first beamforming coefficient on each antenna, and send the corresponding second beamforming coefficient pair to the user equipment.
- the second data stream is beamformed.
- first and second are only used to distinguish two data streams sent to the user equipment.
- the shape vector of one data stream is still obtained according to the feature vector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of the channel correlation matrix of the uplink pilot, and the shape vector of the other data stream is calculated according to the angle of arrival.
- the response vector is obtained.
- the angle of arrival is estimated, and the array response vector is calculated according to the angle of arrival, and then the shape vector is obtained.
- the computational complexity and computational complexity are much lower than the feature vectors corresponding to the eigenvalue decomposition of the channel correlation matrix to obtain the second largest eigenvalue.
- the estimated angle of arrival can be fuzzy matched to the actual channel conditions, and therefore, the performance of beamforming based on the shaped vector calculated from the angle of arrival is improved.
- the array response vector V tmp, 2 is orthogonalized to the feature vector V 1 corresponding to the maximum feature value. Processing, a second shaped vector V 2 is obtained . It can be, but is not limited to, implemented by the following formula:
- the transmit power of the first data stream that is beamformed by using the first shaping vector is not exceeded, and optionally, the first shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna is determined according to the maximum feature.
- the eigenvector corresponding to the value and the calculated power factor on each antenna respectively determine a first shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna, and the power factor is such that the transmitting power on each antenna does not exceed the system limiting power.
- n 1, 2, . . . , N t , V 1,n are components corresponding to the nth antenna in the feature vector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue, and ⁇ n is a power factor on the nth antenna.
- the transmit power of the second data stream that is beamformed by using the second shaped vector is not exceeded, and optionally, when determining the second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna, according to the second assignment
- the shape vector and the above power factor respectively determine a second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna.
- n 1, 2, . . . , N t , V 2, n are components corresponding to the nth antenna in the second shaping vector, and ⁇ n is a power factor on the nth antenna.
- the power factor on each antenna is only used to determine the first shaping coefficient and the second shaping coefficient corresponding to the antenna.
- the method before determining the first shaping coefficient and the second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna, the method further includes: calculating a power factor: respectively calculating, sending, respectively, a first data stream to each user equipment on each antenna and The total transmit power of the second data stream; the power factor above is determined based on the total transmit power on each antenna.
- the total transmit power P n of the first data stream and the second data stream sent to the user equipment on the nth antenna may be, but is not limited to, calculated by the following formula:
- the power factor on the nth antenna can be calculated, but not limited to, by the following formula:
- the present application only describes the calculation method of the power factor in the preferred embodiment, but does not exclude the use of other calculation methods to obtain the power factor, for example, calculating the maximum transmit power of the shaped vector on all antennas, and then calculating the power factor to ensure maximum The transmit power does not exceed the system limit power.
- the second shaping vector is subjected to norm normalization processing;
- the second shaping vector corresponding to each antenna is determined according to the normalized second shaping vector. If the limitation of the transmission power is considered, the second shaping vector corresponding to each antenna is determined according to the second shaping vector normalized by the norm and the power factor on each antenna.
- the above process can be implemented on the full bandwidth of the antenna operation.
- the above process can also be implemented according to a certain shaped granularity molecular band.
- the above process flow can be described as:
- the second beamforming coefficients respectively beamform the second data stream sent to the user equipment on each subband.
- the sub-bands are divided according to the determined shape granularity.
- the dual-stream beamforming method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below by taking the scene of the LTE (Long Term Evolution) system base station 4+4 dual-polarized antenna and the number of antennas as 8.
- the processing flow is shown in Figure 2, and specifically includes the following operations:
- an uplink SRS Sounding Reference Signal
- the dimension of the H i is 1*8, and the N PRB is the number of PRBs (physical resource blocks) occupied by the uplink pilot.
- the SRS is placed in a comb according to the protocol, and the number of subcarriers occupied by the SRS in one PRB is 6. .
- Step 220 Obtain a PRB channel correlation matrix by using H j
- the dimension is 8*8, and n PRB (need to be an integer) is used to average the R j
- Step 230 right The eigenvalue decomposition is performed to obtain the eigenvector V 1,m corresponding to the largest eigenvalue , and the dimension is 1*8.
- Step 240 estimating DOA (set to ⁇ ) by using a DOA estimation algorithm, and calculating an array response vector
- N t is the number of transmitting antennas of the base station (equal to 8)
- d is the antenna spacing (for example, 0.65 times the wavelength)
- ⁇ is the wavelength.
- Step 250 Perform orthogonalization processing on V 1, m and V tmp, 2, m to obtain:
- Step 260 Perform normalization processing on V 2,m to obtain:
- step 270 V 1, m and V 2,m are combined to perform phase processing, and power protection processing is completed.
- the total transmit power of two data streams is sent to the user equipment on a single antenna, and the power factor is calculated according to the total transmit power, thereby obtaining W 1 and W 2 on each antenna.
- the embodiment of the present application further provides a dual-stream beamforming device, as shown in FIG. 3, which specifically includes:
- the first shaping vector generating module 301 is configured to perform eigenvalue decomposition on the channel correlation matrix of the uplink pilot to obtain a feature vector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue; and determine, according to the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue, the corresponding antenna a shape factor;
- the second shaping vector generating module 302 is configured to calculate an array response vector by using the estimated angle of arrival, the angle of arrival is obtained according to the uplink pilot estimation; and determining the second shaping vector according to the array response vector, and according to the second assignment a shape vector, respectively determining a second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna;
- the beamforming module 303 is configured to perform beamforming on the first data stream sent to the user equipment by using the corresponding first beamforming coefficient on each antenna, and use the corresponding second beamforming coefficient pair.
- the second data stream transmitted to the user equipment is beamformed.
- the second shaping vector generating module when determining the second shaping vector according to the array response vector, is configured to:
- the feature vector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue is orthogonalized by the array response vector to obtain a second shaping coefficient.
- the first shaping vector generating module is configured to: according to the maximum eigenvalue, when the first shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna is determined according to the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue, respectively.
- the feature vector and the calculated power factor on each antenna respectively determine a first shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna, and the power factor is such that the transmission power on each antenna does not exceed the system limited power.
- the second shaping vector generating module is configured to: according to the second shaping vector, the second shaping vector generating module is configured to: according to the second shaping vector, the second shaping vector generating module is configured to: according to the second shaping vector and the power The factor determines the second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna.
- a power factor determination module is further included, configured to:
- the power factor above is determined based on the total transmitted power on each antenna.
- the second shaping vector generating module is configured to:
- the second shaping vector corresponding to each antenna is determined according to the normalized second shaping vector.
- the first shaping vector generating module is configured to perform eigenvalue decomposition on the channel correlation matrix of each uplink subband on the uplink pilot to obtain a maximum eigenvalue corresponding to each subband.
- a feature vector determining a corresponding first shaping coefficient of each antenna on each sub-band according to a feature vector corresponding to a maximum eigenvalue on each sub-band and a calculated power factor on each antenna;
- the second shaping vector generating module is configured to: respectively calculate an array response vector on each sub-band by using the estimated angle of arrival on each sub-band; and determine the number on each sub-band according to the array response vector on each sub-band a second shaping vector, and determining, according to the second shaping vector on each subband and the power factor on each antenna, a second shaping coefficient corresponding to each antenna on each of the self-bands;
- the beamforming module is configured to perform beamforming on the first data stream sent to the user equipment on each subband by using a corresponding first beamforming coefficient on each subband on each antenna, and using the same Corresponding second beamforming coefficients on each subband respectively beamform the second data stream sent to the user equipment on each subband.
- the embodiment of the present application further provides a base station, as shown in FIG. 4, specifically including:
- the processor 400 is configured to read a program in the memory 420 and perform the following process:
- the transceiver 410 is configured to receive and transmit data under the control of the processor 400.
- the bus architecture can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linked by one or more processors represented by processor 400 and various circuits of memory represented by memory 420.
- the bus architecture can also link various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and, therefore, will not be further described herein.
- the bus interface provides an interface.
- Transceiver 410 can be a plurality of components, including a transmitter and a receiver, providing means for communicating with various other devices on a transmission medium.
- the processor 400 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 420 can store data used by the processor 400 when performing operations.
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种双流波束赋形方法及装置。其方法包括:对上行导频的信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解,得到最大特征值对应的特征向量,并据其分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数;利用估计得到的到达角计算阵列响应向量;根据阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量,并根据第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数;在各根天线上,使用其对应的第一波束赋形系数对向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其对应的第二波束赋形系数对向所述用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。估计到达角,根据到达角计算阵列响应向量,进而得到赋形向量,其运算量及运算复杂度远远低于对信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解得到次大特征值对应的特征向量。
Description
本申请要求在2014年12月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410855885.3、申请名称为“一种双流波束赋形方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及无线通信技术领域,尤其涉及一种双流波束赋形方法及装置。
波束赋形使得波束具有明确指向性,可以增加覆盖距离,改善信号质量,提高穿透建筑物的能力,而且能够增加小区边缘用户的吞吐量,从而得到了广泛的应用。
现有的双流波束赋形方案,利用上行导频作上行信道估计得到信道矩阵,根据得到的信道矩阵计算信道相关矩阵,对信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解,分解得到最大和次大特征值对应的两组特征向量,在基站的发射天线上用这两组特征向量的共轭作为赋形向量,实现双流波束赋形。
现有的双流波束赋形方案,需要特征值分解计算两组特征向量得到赋形向量,其运算复杂度较高。另外,由于用户设备固定用一根天线发送上行导频,因此信道相关矩阵的次大特征值对应的特征向量不能与实际的信道条件,导致采用得到的赋形向量进行波束赋形的性能较差。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种双流波束赋形方法及装置,以解决现有的双流波束赋形运算复杂度高、性能较差的问题。
本申请的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种双流波束赋形方法,包括:
对上行导频的信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解,得到最大特征值对应的特征向量;
根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数;
利用估计得到的到达角计算阵列响应向量,所述到达角是根据所述上行导频估计得到的;
根据所述阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量,并根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各
根天线对应的第二赋形系数;
在各根天线上,使用其对应的第一波束赋形系数对向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其对应的第二波束赋形系数对向所述用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。
可选的,根据所述阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量,包括:
将所述阵列响应向量与所述最大特征值对应的特征向量进行正交化处理,得到第二赋形向量。
可选的,根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数,包括:
根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量和计算得到的各根天线上的功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数,所述功率因子使得每根天线上的发射功率不超过系统限制功率;
根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数,包括:
根据所述第二赋形向量和所述功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
可选的,该方法还包括:
分别计算每根天线上向所述用户设备发送第一数据流和第二数据流的发射总功率;
分别根据每根天线上的所述发射总功率确定其上的功率因子。
可选的,根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数,包括:
对所述第二赋形向量进行范数归一化处理;
根据范数归一化处理后的第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
基于上述任意方法实施例,可选的,对上行导频的信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解,得到最大特征值对应的特征向量,包括:对上行导频在各个子带上的信道相关矩阵分别进行特征值分解,得到各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量;
根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数,包括:根据所述各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线在每个子带上对应的第一赋形系数;
利用估计得到的到达角计算阵列响应向量,包括:利用估计得到的每个子带上的到达角分别计算每个子带上的阵列响应向量;
根据所述阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量,并根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数,包括:根据各个子带上的阵列响应向量,分别确定各个子带上的第二赋形向量,并根据各个子带上的第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线在各个自带上
对应的第二赋形系数;
在各根天线上,使用其对应的第一波束赋形系数对向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其对应的第二波束赋形系数对向所述用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形,包括:在各根天线上,使用其在各个子带上对应的第一波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其在各个子带上对应的第二波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。
基于与方法同样的发明构思,本申请实施例还提供一种双流波束赋形装置,包括:
第一赋形向量生成模块,用于对上行导频的信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解,得到最大特征值对应的特征向量;根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数;
第二赋形向量生成模块,用于利用估计得到的到达角计算阵列响应向量,所述到达角是根据所述上行导频估计得到的;根据所述阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量,并根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数;
波束赋形模块,用于在各根天线上,使用其对应的第一波束赋形系数对向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其对应的第二波束赋形系数对向所述用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。
可选的,根据所述阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量时,所述第二赋形向量生成模块用于:
将所述阵列响应向量与所述最大特征值对应的特征向量进行正交化处理,得到第二赋形向量。
可选的,根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数时,所述第一赋形向量生成模块用于:根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量和计算得到的各根天线上的功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数,所述功率因子使得每根天线上的发射功率不超过系统限制功率;
根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数时,所述第二赋形向量生成模块用于:根据所述第二赋形向量和所述功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
可选的,还包括功率因子确定模块,用于:
分别计算每根天线上向所述用户设备发送第一数据流和第二数据流的发射总功率;
分别根据每根天线上的所述发射总功率确定其上的功率因子。
可选的,根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数时,所述第
二赋形向量生成模块用于:
对所述第二赋形向量进行范数归一化处理;
根据范数归一化处理后的第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
基于上述任意装置实施例,可选的,所述第一赋形向量生成模块用于:对上行导频在各个子带上的信道相关矩阵分别进行特征值分解,得到各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量;根据所述各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线在每个子带上对应的第一赋形系数;
所述第二赋形向量生成模块用于:利用估计得到的每个子带上的到达角分别计算每个子带上的阵列响应向量;根据各个子带上的阵列响应向量,分别确定各个子带上的第二赋形向量,并根据各个子带上的第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线在各个自带上对应的第二赋形系数;
所述波束赋形模块用于:在各根天线上,使用其在各个子带上对应的第一波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其在各个子带上对应的第二波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。
基于与方法同样的发明构思,本申请实施例还提供一种基站,包括:
处理器,用于读取存储器中的程序,执行下列过程:
对上行导频的信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解,得到最大特征值对应的特征向量;根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数;
利用估计得到的到达角计算阵列响应向量,所述到达角是根据所述上行导频估计得到的;根据所述阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量,并根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数;
在各根天线上,使用其对应的第一波束赋形系数对通过收发机向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其对应的第二波束赋形系数对通过收发机向所述用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形;
收发机,用于在处理器的控制下接收和发送数据;
存储器,用于保存处理器在执行操作时使用的数据。
可选的,根据所述阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量时,处理器读取存储器中的程序,执行下列过程:
将所述阵列响应向量与所述最大特征值对应的特征向量进行正交化处理,得到第二赋形向量。
可选的,根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系
数时,处理器读取存储器中的程序,执行下列过程:根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量和计算得到的各根天线上的功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数,所述功率因子使得每根天线上的发射功率不超过系统限制功率;
根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数时,处理器读取存储器中的程序,执行下列过程:根据所述第二赋形向量和所述功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
可选的,处理器还读取存储器中的程序,执行下列过程:
分别计算每根天线上向所述用户设备发送第一数据流和第二数据流的发射总功率;
分别根据每根天线上的所述发射总功率确定其上的功率因子。
可选的,根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数时,处理器读取存储器中的程序,执行下列过程:
对所述第二赋形向量进行范数归一化处理;
根据范数归一化处理后的第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
基于上述任意装置实施例,可选的,处理器读取存储器中的程序,执行下列过程:
对上行导频在各个子带上的信道相关矩阵分别进行特征值分解,得到各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量;根据所述各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线在每个子带上对应的第一赋形系数;
利用估计得到的每个子带上的到达角分别计算每个子带上的阵列响应向量;根据各个子带上的阵列响应向量,分别确定各个子带上的第二赋形向量,并根据各个子带上的第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线在各个自带上对应的第二赋形系数;
在各根天线上,使用其在各个子带上对应的第一波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其在各个子带上对应的第二波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。
图1为本申请一个实施例提供的双流波束赋形方法流程图;
图2为本申请另一个实施例提供的双流波束赋形方法流程图;
图3为本申请实施例提供的双流波束赋形装置示意图;
图4为本申请实施例提供的基站结构示意图。
下面将结合附图,对本申请实施例提供的技术方案进行详细说明。
本申请实施例提供的双流波束赋形方法如图1所示,具体包括如下操作:
步骤100、对上行导频的信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解,得到最大特征值对应的特征向量。
其中,得到的最大特征值对应的特征向量是范数归一的。
具体的,先利用上行导频估计出信道矩阵H,计算信道相关矩阵R=HHH;对信道相关矩阵R进行特征值分解,得到最大特征值对应的特征向量。
步骤110、根据上述最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数。
步骤120、利用估计得到的DOA(到达角)计算阵列响应向量。
假设估计得到的DOA为θ,阵列响应向量Vtmp,2可以但不仅限于通过如下公式计算得到:
其中,Nt为基站的发射天线数,d为天线间距,λ为信号的波长。
步骤130、根据上述阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量,并根据该第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
步骤140、在各根天线上,使用其对应的第一波束赋形系数对向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其对应的第二波束赋形系数对向该用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。
本申请实施例中,“第一”和“第二”仅用于区分向用户设备发送的两个数据流。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案,一个数据流的赋形向量仍然根据上行导频的信道相关矩阵的最大特征值对应的特征向量得到,另一个数据流的赋形向量根据到达角计算得到的阵列响应向量得到。一方面,估计到达角,根据到达角计算阵列响应向量,进而得到赋形向量,其运算量及运算复杂度远远低于对信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解得到次大特征值对应的特征向量。另一方面,估计得到的到达角能够模糊匹配实际的信道条件,因此,根据到达角计算得到的赋形向量进行波束赋形的性能得到提升。
上述处理过程中,为避免第一数据流和第二数据流之间的相互干扰,可选的,将上述阵列响应向量Vtmp,2与上述最大特征值对应的特征向量V1进行正交化处理,得到第二赋形向量V2。其可以但不仅限于通过如下公式实现:
上述处理过程中,为使得采用第一赋形向量进行波束赋形的第一数据流的发射功率不超标,可选的,确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数时,是根据上述最大特征值对应的特征向量和计算得到的各根天线上的功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数,功率因子使得每根天线上的发射功率不超过系统限制功率。
假设基站的发射天线数为Nt,第n根天线对应的第一赋形系数W1,n可以表示为W1,n=V1,nρn。其中,n=1,2,……,Nt,V1,n为上述最大特征值对应的特征向量中第n根天线对应的分量,ρn为第n根天线上的功率因子。
上述处理过程中,为使得采用第二赋形向量进行波束赋形的第二数据流的发射功率不超标,可选的,确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数时,根据上述第二赋形向量和上述功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
假设基站的发射天线数为Nt,第n根天线对应的第二赋形系数W2,n可以表示为W2,n=V2,nρn。其中,n=1,2,……,Nt,V2,n为第二赋形向量中第n根天线对应的分量,ρn为第n根天线上的功率因子。
其中,每根天线上的功率因子仅用于确定本天线对应的第一赋形系数和第二赋形系数。
上述处理过程中,在确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数和第二赋形系数之前,还可以包括计算功率因子的步骤:分别计算每根天线上向上述用户设备发送第一数据流和第二数据流的发射总功率;分别根据每根天线上的发射总功率确定其上的功率因子。
其中,第n根天线上向用户设备发送第一数据流和第二数据流的发射总功率Pn可以但不仅限于通过如下公式计算得到:
Pn=∑|Vi|2
其中,i=1,2。
第n根天线上的功率因子可以但不仅限于通过如下公式计算得到:
应当指出的是,本申请仅以优选实施例说明功率因子的计算方式,但不排除使用其他计算方式得到功率因子,例如计算所有天线上的赋形向量最大发射功率,进而计算功率因子,保证最大发射功率不超过系统限制功率。
为了保证两个数据流的功率相同,可选的,对上述第二赋形向量进行范数归一化处理;
根据范数归一化处理后的第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形向量。如果考虑发射功率的限制,具体是根据范数归一化处理后的第二赋形向量和各根天线上的功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
其中,可以但不仅限于通过如下公式对第二赋形向量进行范数归一化处理:
上述处理过程,可以在天线工作的全带宽上实现。为了进一步降低运算复杂度,也可以按照一定的赋形颗粒度分子带实现上述处理过程。相应的,上述处理流程可以描述为:
对上行导频在各个子带上的信道相关矩阵分别进行特征值分解,得到各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量;
根据上述各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线在每个子带上对应的第一赋形系数;
利用估计得到的每个子带上的到达角分别计算每个子带上的阵列响应向量;
根据各个子带上的阵列响应向量,分别确定各个子带上的第二赋形向量,并根据各个子带上的第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线在各个自带上对应的第二赋形系数;
在各根天线上,使用其在各个子带上对应的第一波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其在各个子带上对应的第二波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。
其中,子带是根据确定的赋形颗粒度划分的。
应当指出的是,上述本申请各个可选的实施例之间可以相互配合实施,从而组成新的实施例。
下面以LTE(长期演进)系统基站4+4双极化天线,天线数为8的场景为例,对本申请实施例提供的双流波束赋形方法进行详细说明。其处理流程如图2所示,具体包括如下操作:
步骤200、用上行SRS(Sounding Reference Signal,探测参考信号)做上行信道估计,得到每个子载波信道估计矩阵Hi(i=1,2,...,6*NPRB)。
其中,Hi的维度为1*8,NPRB为上行导频所占的PRB(物理资源块)数,根据协议规定SRS是梳状放置的,一个PRB内SRS占的子载波个数为6。
应当指出的是,本实施例仅以上行SRS为例进行说明,其他上行导频也可用于本申请。
步骤210、对Hi进行抽取,取每个PRB的第三个子载波信道估计值得到
Hj(j=1,2,...,NPRB),其维度为1*8。
其中,Nt为基站的发射天线数(等于8),d为天线间距(例如为0.65倍波长),λ为波长。
步骤270、V1,m和V2,m联合做取相位的处理,完成功率保护处理。
即:计算单根天线上向用户设备发送两个数据流的发射总功率,根据该发射总功率计算功率因子,进而得到每根天线上的W1和W2。其具体实现方式可以参照上述实施例的描述,此处不再赘述。
基于与方法同样的发明构思,本申请实施例还提供一种双流波束赋形装置,如图3所示,具体包括:
第一赋形向量生成模块301,用于对上行导频的信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解,得到最大特征值对应的特征向量;根据最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数;
第二赋形向量生成模块302,用于利用估计得到的到达角计算阵列响应向量,到达角是根据上行导频估计得到的;根据阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量,并根据第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数;
波束赋形模块303,用于在各根天线上,使用其对应的第一波束赋形系数对向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其对应的第二波束赋形系数对向用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。
可选的,根据阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量时,第二赋形向量生成模块用于:
将阵列响应向量与最大特征值对应的特征向量进行正交化处理,得到第二赋形系数。
基于上述任意装置实施例,可选的,根据最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数时,第一赋形向量生成模块用于:根据最大特征值对应的特征向量和计算得到的各根天线上的功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数,功率因子使得每根天线上的发射功率不超过系统限制功率。
基于上述任意装置实施例,可选的,根据第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数时,第二赋形向量生成模块用于:根据第二赋形向量和功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
可选的,还包括功率因子确定模块,用于:
分别计算每根天线上向用户设备发送第一数据流和第二数据流的发射总功率;
分别根据每根天线上的发射总功率确定其上的功率因子。
基于上述任意装置实施例,可选的,根据第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数时,第二赋形向量生成模块用于:
对第二赋形向量进行范数归一化处理;
根据范数归一化处理后的第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
基于上述任意装置实施例,可选的,第一赋形向量生成模块用于:对上行导频在各个子带上的信道相关矩阵分别进行特征值分解,得到各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量;根据各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量和计算得到的各根天线上的功率因子,分别确定各根天线在每个子带上对应的第一赋形系数;
第二赋形向量生成模块用于:利用估计得到的每个子带上的到达角分别计算每个子带上的阵列响应向量;根据各个子带上的阵列响应向量,分别确定各个子带上的第二赋形向量,并根据各个子带上的第二赋形向量和各根天线上的功率因子,分别确定各根天线在各个自带上对应的第二赋形系数;
波束赋形模块用于:在各根天线上,使用其在各个子带上对应的第一波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其在各个子带上对应的第二波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。
基于与方法同样的发明构思,本申请实施例还提供一种基站,如图4所示,具体包括:
处理器400,用于读取存储器420中的程序,执行下列过程:
对上行导频的信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解,得到最大特征值对应的特征向量;根据最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数;利用估计得到的到达角计算阵列响应向量,到达角是根据上行导频估计得到的;根据阵列响应向量,确定第
二赋形向量,并根据第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数;通过收发机410在各根天线上,使用其对应的第一波束赋形向量对向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其对应的第二波束赋形向量对向用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形
收发机410,用于在处理器400的控制下接收和发送数据。
其中,在图4中,总线架构可以包括任意数量的互联的总线和桥,具体由处理器400代表的一个或多个处理器和存储器420代表的存储器的各种电路链接在一起。总线架构还可以将诸如外围设备、稳压器和功率管理电路等之类的各种其他电路链接在一起,这些都是本领域所公知的,因此,本文不再对其进行进一步描述。总线接口提供接口。收发机410可以是多个元件,即包括发送机和接收机,提供用于在传输介质上与各种其他装置通信的单元。处理器400负责管理总线架构和通常的处理,存储器420可以存储处理器400在执行操作时所使用的数据。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样,倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (12)
- 一种双流波束赋形方法,其特征在于,包括:对上行导频的信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解,得到最大特征值对应的特征向量;根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数;利用估计得到的到达角计算阵列响应向量,其中所述到达角是根据所述上行导频估计得到的;根据所述阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量,并根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数;在各根天线上,使用其对应的第一波束赋形系数对向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其对应的第二波束赋形系数对向所述用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量,包括:将所述阵列响应向量与所述最大特征值对应的特征向量进行正交化处理,得到第二赋形向量。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数,包括:根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量和计算得到的各根天线上的功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数,所述功率因子使得每根天线上的发射功率不超过系统限制功率;所述根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数,包括:根据所述第二赋形向量和所述功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
- 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法还包括:分别计算每根天线上向所述用户设备发送第一数据流和第二数据流的发射总功率;分别根据每根天线上的所述发射总功率确定其上的功率因子。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数,包括:对所述第二赋形向量进行范数归一化处理;根据范数归一化处理后的第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
- 根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述对上行导频的信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解,得到最大特征值对应的特征向量,包括:对上行导频在各个子带上的信道相关矩阵分别进行特征值分解,得到各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量;根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数,包括:根据所述各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线在每个子带上对应的第一赋形系数;所述利用估计得到的到达角计算阵列响应向量,包括:利用估计得到的每个子带上的到达角分别计算每个子带上的阵列响应向量;所述根据所述阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量,并根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数,包括:根据各个子带上的阵列响应向量,分别确定各个子带上的第二赋形向量,并根据各个子带上的第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线在各个自带上对应的第二赋形系数;所述在各根天线上,使用其对应的第一波束赋形系数对向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其对应的第二波束赋形系数对向所述用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形,包括:在各根天线上,使用其在各个子带上对应的第一波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其在各个子带上对应的第二波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。
- 一种双流波束赋形装置,其特征在于,包括:第一赋形向量生成模块,用于对上行导频的信道相关矩阵进行特征值分解,得到最大特征值对应的特征向量;根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数;第二赋形向量生成模块,用于利用估计得到的到达角计算阵列响应向量,其中所述到达角是根据所述上行导频估计得到的;根据所述阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量,并根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数;波束赋形模块,用于在各根天线上,使用其对应的第一波束赋形系数对向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其对应的第二波束赋形系数对向所述用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。
- 根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二赋形向量生成模块用于:在根据所述阵列响应向量,确定第二赋形向量时,将所述阵列响应向量与所述最大特征值对应的特征向量进行正交化处理,得到第二赋形向量。
- 根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一赋形向量生成模块用于:在根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数时,根据所述最大特征值对应的特征向量和计算得到的各根天线上的功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第一赋形系数,所述功率因子使得每根天线上的发射功率不超过系统限制功率;所述第二赋形向量生成模块用于:在根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数时,根据所述第二赋形向量和所述功率因子,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
- 根据权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,还包括功率因子确定模块,用于:分别计算每根天线上向所述用户设备发送第一数据流和第二数据流的发射总功率;分别根据每根天线上的所述发射总功率确定其上的功率因子。
- 根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二赋形向量生成模块用于:在根据所述第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数时,对所述第二赋形向量进行范数归一化处理;根据范数归一化处理后的第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线对应的第二赋形系数。
- 根据权利要求7~11任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一赋形向量生成模块用于:对上行导频在各个子带上的信道相关矩阵分别进行特征值分解,得到各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量;根据所述各个子带上的最大特征值对应的特征向量,分别确定各根天线在每个子带上对应的第一赋形系数;所述第二赋形向量生成模块用于:利用估计得到的每个子带上的到达角分别计算每个子带上的阵列响应向量;根据各个子带上的阵列响应向量,分别确定各个子带上的第二赋形向量,并根据各个子带上的第二赋形向量,分别确定各根天线在各个自带上对应的第二赋形系数;所述波束赋形模块用于:在各根天线上,使用其在各个子带上对应的第一波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第一数据流进行波束赋形,使用其在各个子带上对应的第二波束赋形系数分别对各个子带上向用户设备发送的第二数据流进行波束赋形。
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