WO2016106952A1 - 一种共孔径宽波段红外光学系统 - Google Patents

一种共孔径宽波段红外光学系统 Download PDF

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WO2016106952A1
WO2016106952A1 PCT/CN2015/072666 CN2015072666W WO2016106952A1 WO 2016106952 A1 WO2016106952 A1 WO 2016106952A1 CN 2015072666 W CN2015072666 W CN 2015072666W WO 2016106952 A1 WO2016106952 A1 WO 2016106952A1
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Prior art keywords
lens
lens group
optical system
mirror
imaging
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张宏
费锦东
张天序
戴小兵
刘祥燕
刘立
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G02B13/146—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation with corrections for use in multiple wavelength bands, such as infrared and visible light, e.g. FLIR systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
    • G02B17/0804—Catadioptric systems using two curved mirrors
    • G02B17/0808—Catadioptric systems using two curved mirrors on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
    • G02B27/142—Coating structures, e.g. thin films multilayers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
    • G02B27/144—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only using partially transparent surfaces without spectral selectivity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
    • G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to an infrared optical system, and in particular relates to a common aperture wide-band infrared optical system.
  • the target infrared information refers to the difference between the target acquired by the infrared spectrum sensor and the background radiation, reflection and scattering characteristics, including the radiation, reflection of the short, medium and long wave infrared fine spectral (line) bands. And scattering properties.
  • the common aperture wide-band infrared optical system can simultaneously acquire short, medium and long-wave infrared radiation energy, which is a qualitative leap for improving detection accuracy and detecting and recognizing ability.
  • common aperture refers to long-wave infrared imaging and wide-band infrared spectroscopy to measure common light-passing ports, making full use of target radiation while achieving high correlation of map correlation
  • “Broadband” refers to a wide range of system wavelengths, involving short, medium, and long waves, specifically covering 2 ⁇ m-12 ⁇ m.
  • the common aperture wide-band infrared optical system is difficult to design. Due to the limitations of domestic infrared materials, processing capabilities, coating technology, etc., especially in the absence of special components and special materials to achieve wideband Common aperture, to correct various aberrations at the same time.
  • the remote sensing infrared optical systems work in the harsh ambient temperature range.
  • the refractive index temperature coefficient of the infrared optical material is large, and the environmental temperature change causes the infrared optical system to generate thermal defocus and cause the image quality to decrease.
  • the infrared optical lens disclosed in the prior art is a dual-band (medium wave and long wave), and is actually assembled by two lenses of medium wave and long wave, and has a large volume and weight, and belongs to a conventional band coverage range.
  • the present invention provides a common aperture wide-band infrared optical system, which aims to achieve short-range and medium-band response range coverage. Long wave (2 ⁇ m-12 ⁇ m), simultaneous imaging and spectral measurement optical path common aperture, thus solving the technical problem of optical system layout optimization.
  • the invention provides a common aperture wide-band infrared optical system, comprising: a card lens, a first lens group, a beam splitter, a second lens group, an imaging interface, a third lens group, a mirror, a fourth lens group and an optical fiber An interface;
  • the first lens group is located on an outgoing light path of the card lens and coaxially disposed with the card lens;
  • a mirror center of the beam splitter coincides with a central axis, and a mirror surface and a center of the beam splitter
  • the axis is placed at 45°;
  • the second lens group is located on the transmitted light path of the beam splitter;
  • the imaging interface is located at the tail of the second lens group, and the exit pupil of the second lens group and the imaging interface
  • the interface planes are coincident for placing the imaging assembly;
  • the third lens group is located on the reflected light path of the beam splitter;
  • the mirror center of the mirror coincides with the central axis of the third lens group, and the reflection
  • the card lens includes a primary mirror and a secondary mirror, and the primary mirror and the secondary mirror have an obscuration ratio of no more than 1:3.
  • the first lens group includes a crescent-shaped convex lens and a flat convex lens which are coaxially disposed coaxially on the central optical axis; and aberration and chromatic aberration correction for infrared light focused on the card lens.
  • first mirror surface of the beam splitter is plated with a beam splitting film
  • second mirror surface is plated with a long wave antireflection film
  • the second lens group includes a first concave lens, a second concave lens, a first plano-convex lens, a third concave lens, and a second plano-convex lens which are disposed coaxially in sequence.
  • the third lens group includes a concave lens, a plano-convex lens, and another concave lens which are coaxially disposed in this order.
  • the fourth lens group includes a crescent-shaped convex lens, a plano-convex lens, and another plano-convex lens which are coaxially disposed in this order.
  • the above technical solution conceived by the present invention compares the primary and secondary mirror reflected light in the card lens to form a folded optical path, which effectively reduces the overall structural volume of the system and reduces the overall obstruction.
  • the ratio is also beneficial to improve the transmittance of the optical system;
  • the optimized combination of the lens group corrects the positional chromatic aberration of the system, the chromatic aberration of magnification, and the monochromatic aberrations on the axis and the off-axis;
  • the beam splitter adopts a multi-layer film structure to make it short
  • the medium-wave infrared light has high reflectivity, and the long-wave infrared light has a transflective function;
  • the whole system adopts a folding structure, which can realize wide-band imaging and spectral measurement common aperture, and the two fields of view coincide.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a common aperture wide-band infrared optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a layout of a common aperture wideband infrared optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of a card lens in a common aperture wideband infrared optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is an external structural diagram of a common aperture wide-band infrared optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5(a) shows the energy concentration of the imaging quality of the optical system, the imaging area is 45 ⁇ m ⁇ 45 ⁇ m;
  • Figure 5 (b) is the energy concentration of the imaging quality of the optical system, the imaging area is 15 ⁇ m ⁇ 15 ⁇ m;
  • Figure 5 (c) is The energy concentration of the imaging quality of the optical system, the spectral region is 75 ⁇ m ⁇ 75 ⁇ m;
  • Figure 5 (d) is the energy concentration of the imaging quality of the optical system, the spectral region is 45 ⁇ m ⁇ 45 ⁇ m;
  • Figure 6 (a) is an imaging point map of the optical system imaging quality
  • Figure 6 (b) is a spectral point map of the optical system imaging quality
  • Figure 7 (a) is the field curvature and distortion curve (imaging) of the imaging quality of the optical system
  • Figure 7 (b) is the field curvature and distortion curve (spectrum) of the imaging quality of the optical system
  • 1 is a card lens
  • 11 is a main mirror
  • 12 is a secondary mirror
  • 2 is a first lens group
  • 3 is a minute.
  • the light mirror, 4 is the second lens group
  • 5 is the imaging interface
  • 6 is the third lens group
  • 7 is the mirror
  • 8 is the fourth lens group
  • 9 is the fiber interface.
  • the common aperture wide-band infrared optical system provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used as an infrared optical component of the map correlation detection system for long-wave infrared imaging and wide-band infrared spectrum measurement.
  • the invention provides a common aperture wide-band infrared optical system. See FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a common aperture wide-band infrared optical system.
  • the system includes a card lens 1, a first lens group 2, a beam splitter 3, and a second lens.
  • the central axis of the card lens 1 coincides with the central axis of the system;
  • the first lens group 2 is located in the card lens
  • the exiting optical path of 1 is coaxially placed; the mirror center of the spectroscope 3 and the central axis of the system coincide, and the mirror surface is placed at 45° with the central axis;
  • the second lens group 4 is located behind the beam splitter 3 and is located on the transmitted light path of the beam splitter 3;
  • the interface 5 is located at the tail of the second lens group 4, and the exit pupil of the second lens group 4 coincides with the interface plane of the imaging interface 5 for placing the imaging assembly;
  • the third lens group 6 is located behind the beam splitter 3 and is reflected by the beam splitter 3.
  • the mirror center of the mirror 7 coincides with the central axis of the third lens group 6, the mirror surface is placed at an angle of 45° with the central axis, and is kept parallel with the beam splitter 3; the fourth lens group 8 is located on the reflected light path of the mirror 7; Interface 9 is installed in the first
  • the rear end of the lens group 8 has an end surface coincident with the exit pupil of the fourth lens group 8; the overall structure of the system can be made of lightweight aluminum alloy to reduce the weight of the system, and the necessary thin-walled hood can be considered, lower background, sunlight interference.
  • light (2 ⁇ m - 12 ⁇ m) is incident on the main mirror 11 of the card lens 1, reflected to the sub-mirror 12 and reflected again, focused by the first lens group 2, and then split by the beam splitter 3.
  • the Lord The mirror 11, the secondary mirror 12, the first lens group 2, and the beam splitter 3 are of a common aperture.
  • the 50% long-wave infrared light (8 ⁇ m - 10 ⁇ m) transmitted through the beam splitter 3 is subjected to aberration correction through the lens group 4, and the image plane is again focused on the imaging interface.
  • 50% long-wavelength infrared light (8 ⁇ m - 10 ⁇ m) and 2 ⁇ m - 8 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m - 12 ⁇ m infrared light reflected by the spectroscope 3 pass through the third lens group 6, and are again reflected by the mirror 7, and then passed through the fourth lens group 8. Focus on the fiber interface.
  • the card lens 1 comprises a primary mirror 11 and a secondary mirror 12, both of which can be used with high-order aspheric mirrors and designed with a primary to secondary mirror shielding ratio of no more than 1:3 (Fig. 3).
  • the high-order aspherical surfaces of the primary and secondary mirrors assume the main on-axis monochromatic aberration of the common aperture wide-band infrared optical system.
  • the primary and secondary mirrors as mirrors do not produce chromatic aberration, which is beneficial to the imaging of optical systems in the infrared spectral range.
  • the Cassegrain reflection system folds the light path and compresses the length of the optical tube. Under the premise of ensuring the reasonable spacing required for primary and secondary mirror imaging, a smaller obscuration ratio is beneficial to increase the transmittance of the optical system.
  • the first lens group 2 is for performing aberration and chromatic aberration correction output on the infrared light focused by the card lens 1; it includes two convex lenses, the crescent-shaped convex lens is in front, and the plano-convex lens is placed coaxially immediately thereafter.
  • the CVD zinc selenide material with infrared wide spectrum is used, and the diffractive optical surface is set to partially balance the chromatic aberration generated by the large spectral range of the wide-band spectral imaging, and also to share the off-axis monochromatic aberration and partial chromatic aberration of long-wave imaging. .
  • the axis of the first lens group 2 coincides with the central axis of the card lens 1, and should be placed as close as possible to the card lens 1 to prevent the lens structure from blocking the light between the primary and secondary mirrors.
  • the mirror center of the beam splitter 3 coincides with the central axis of the card lens 1, and the mirror surface is placed at an angle of 45° to the central axis.
  • the film design, the plating spectroscopic film (first side), and the long-wave anti-reflection film (second surface) should be incident on the incident of infrared light at 45°.
  • the beam splitter 3 has a slight offset to the transmitted optical axis, so that the long-wave cooling imaging system becomes an off-axis optical system, which causes the aberrations in the meridional and sagittal directions to be asymmetrical and deteriorates the meridional aberration.
  • the third lens group 6 is located behind the beam splitter 3 on the reflected light path of the beam splitter 3, and the mirror 7 and the fourth lens group 8 are used for wide-spectrum imaging to optimize wide-spectrum chromatic aberration. It consists of three lenses with a concave lens in front, a plano-convex lens placed in the middle, and then another concave lens placed coaxially.
  • the mirror center of the mirror 7 coincides with the central axis of the third lens group 6, and the mirror surface is placed at an angle of 45° with the central axis, and is kept parallel with the beam splitter 3.
  • the purpose is to fold the optical path again, which is a wide-spectrum imaging optical axis and long-wave infrared imaging.
  • the optical axes are parallel, which is beneficial to the structural layout of the entire common aperture wide-band infrared optical system.
  • the fourth lens group 8 is located on the reflected light path of the mirror 7, and cooperates with the third lens group 6 to correct the positional chromatic aberration and the chromatic aberration of magnification of the broad spectrum imaging. It consists of three lenses in which the crescent-shaped convex lens is in front and then two plano-convex lenses are placed next to each other.
  • the imaging interface 5 and the optical fiber interface 9 can be designed by themselves according to different infrared detectors and fiber selection.
  • the common aperture wide-band infrared optical system is placed on the main mirror 11, and the pupil is designed on the last lens of the first lens group 4.
  • the purpose is to compress the main mirror diameter, reduce the volume and weight, and effectively reduce the background and the mirror.
  • the tube itself radiates interference.
  • the common aperture wide-band infrared optical system adopts a non-thermal design.
  • the ambient temperature changes within -40 ° C ⁇ +60 ° C, the position of the imaging surface of the system remains stable, eliminating the focusing structure.
  • the field of view of the common aperture wide-band infrared optical system is 2° ⁇ 1.6° (diagonal 2.5°), the aperture diameter is 138mm, the long-wave infrared imaging focal length is 275mm, the wide-spectrum imaging is 285mm, and the response band is 2-12um (width).
  • Band system volume 180mm (height) ⁇ 170mm (width) ⁇ 200mm (length), weight 4.5kg, its external structure is shown in Figure 4.
  • the common aperture wide-band infrared optical system is small in size, high in integration, wide in response band range, and realizes long-wave infrared imaging and wide-band spectral common aperture. It can be integrated into the map correlation detection device to realize field-of-view scanning, visual inspection and Tracking, can be widely used in environmental monitoring, infrared guidance Waiting for civilian and military fields.
  • the imaging quality of an optical system is mainly evaluated by energy concentration, dot-column and field curvature, and distortion curve.
  • (a) and (b) of FIG. 5 respectively show the energy concentration curves of the long-wave imaging in different fields of view and different regions according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the following table.
  • FIG. 5 show the energy concentration curves of the wide-spectrum imaging in different fields of view and different regions according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the following table.
  • FIG. 6 reflects a dot-column diagram of long-wave infrared imaging of an embodiment of the present invention, and (b) a dot-column diagram reflecting broad spectrum imaging of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7(a) shows the field curvature and distortion curve of the long-wave infrared imaging according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the field curvature of the full field of view does not exceed 0.22 mm, and the distortion is not less than -0.66%.
  • the detailed data is as follows.
  • Figure 7 (b) reflects the field curvature and distortion curve of the broad spectrum imaging of the embodiment of the present invention, the full field of view
  • the field curvature is not more than 0.22mm, and the distortion is not less than -0.66%.
  • the detailed data is shown in the following table.

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Abstract

一种共孔径宽波段红外光学系统，属于红外光学系统，实现长波红外成像与宽波段红外光谱测量，解决光学系统光路布局受限、体积大、成本高的问题。所述光学系统包括卡式镜头(1)、分光镜(3)、反射镜(7)、若干透镜组(2,4,6,8)、FPA接口(5)和光纤接口(9)。光(2μm~12μm)入射到卡式镜头(1)聚焦，经过分光镜(3)分光，其中50%长波红外光(8μm~10μm)透射经过透镜组(2,4,6,8)进行像差校正，像面再次聚焦在成像接口(5)处，另外50%长波红外光(8μm~10μm)以及2μm~8μm和10μm~12μm红外反射经过透镜组(2,4,6,8)，并由反射镜(7)再次反射，聚焦在光纤接口(9)处。所述光学系统整体结构紧凑、使用方便灵活，成本相对较低，可集成用于图谱关联探测设备，实现目动检测和跟踪，可广泛应用于环境监测、红外制导等民用和军事领域。

Description

一种共孔径宽波段红外光学系统 【技术领域】
本发明属于红外光学系统，具体涉及一种共孔径宽波段红外光学系统。
【背景技术】
图谱关联探测作为现代遥感技术的发展趋势，是上世纪后期遥感技术的巨大进步，是遥感领域的前沿技术。按照电磁波谱的结构和特性，目标红外信息是指红外谱段传感器获取的目标与背景辐射、反射和散射特性的差异，它包括短、中、长波红外各精细光谱(线)波段的辐射、反射和散射特性。共孔径宽波段红外光学系统能同时获取短、中、长波红外辐射能量，对于提高探测精度、探测识别能力有质的飞跃。随着红外光电技术的快速发展，对宽波段范围的辐射同时进行探测已显得非常重要，对应的光学系统及其设计需求空前增长。
共孔径宽波段红外光学系统的特点主要体现在：(1)“共孔径”指长波红外成像和宽波段红外光谱测量共用通光口，充分利用目标辐射同时实现图谱关联的高精度；(2)“宽波段”指系统波段范围宽，涉及短、中、长波，具体覆盖2μm-12μm。但是共孔径宽波段红外光学系统在设计上有较大难度，由于国内在红外材料、加工能力、镀膜技术等多方面的局限性，尤其是在不使用特殊元件及特殊材料的基础上实现宽波段共孔径，要同时校正各种像差。而且遥感红外光学系统大都工作在较恶劣的环境温度范围内，红外光学材料的折射率温度系数较大，环境温度变化会造成红外光学系统产生热离焦并导致像质降低。
现有公开技术中公开的红外光学镜头是双波段(中波和长波)的，实际上由中波和长波两个镜头组装而成，体积重量较大，属于常规波段覆盖范围。
【发明内容】
为了克服现有技术红外双波段镜头波段较窄、系统光路布局受限、体积重量大等不足，本发明提供了一种共孔径宽波段红外光学系统，其目的在于实现波段响应范围覆盖短、中、长波(2μm-12μm)，同时成像与光谱测量光路共孔径，由此解决光学系统布局优化的技术难题。
本发明提供了一种共孔径宽波段红外光学系统，包括：卡式镜头、第一透镜组、分光镜、第二透镜组、成像接口、第三透镜组、反射镜、第四透镜组和光纤接口；所述第一透镜组位于所述卡式镜头的出射光路上且与所述卡式镜头同轴放置；所述分光镜的镜面中心与中心轴重合，且所述分光镜的镜面与中心轴成45°放置；所述第二透镜组位于所述分光镜的透射光路上；所述成像接口位于所述第二透镜组尾部，且所述第二透镜组的出瞳与所述成像接口的接口平面重合，用于放置成像组件；所述第三透镜组位于所述分光镜的反射光路上；所述反射镜的镜面中心与所述第三透镜组的中心轴重合，且所述反射镜的镜面与中心轴成45°角放置，保持和所述分光镜平行；所述第四透镜组位于所述反射镜的反射光路上；所述光纤接口设置在所述第四透镜组后部，所述光纤接口的端面与所述第四透镜组的出瞳重合。
更进一步地，所述卡式镜头包括主镜和次镜，所述主镜和次镜的遮拦比不大于1:3。
更进一步地，所述第一透镜组包括依次同轴设置在中心光轴上的月牙形凸透镜和平凸透镜；用于对所述卡式镜头聚焦的红外光进行像差和色差校正。
更进一步地，所述分光镜的第一镜面上镀有分光膜，第二镜面上镀有长波增透膜。
更进一步地，所述第二透镜组包括依次同轴设置的第一凹透镜、第二凹透镜、第一平凸透镜、第三凹透镜和第二平凸透镜。
更进一步地，所述第三透镜组包括依次同轴设置的凹透镜、平凸透镜和另一面凹透镜。
更进一步地，所述第四透镜组包括依次同轴设置的月牙形凸透镜、平凸透镜和另一个平凸透镜。
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，由于卡式镜头中的主、次镜反射光线形成折叠光路，有效地缩减了系统总体的结构体积，较小的遮拦比也有利于提高光学系统的透过率；透镜组的优化组合校正了系统的位置色差、倍率色差以及轴上和轴外的单色像差；分光镜采用多层次膜系结构使其对短、中波红外光反射率高，对长波红外光则具有半透半反功能；系统整体采用折反结构，能够实现宽波段成像与光谱测量共孔径，两个视场中心重合。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明实施例提供的共孔径宽波段红外光学系统结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的共孔径宽波段红外光学系统布局示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的共孔径宽波段红外光学系统中的卡式镜头的正视图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的共孔径宽波段红外光学系统外形结构图；
图5(a)为光学系统成像质量之能量集中度，成像区域为45μm×45μm；图5(b)为光学系统成像质量之能量集中度，成像区域为15μm×15μm；图5(c)为光学系统成像质量之能量集中度，光谱区域为75μm×75μm；图5(d)为光学系统成像质量之能量集中度，光谱区域为45μm×45μm；
图6(a)为光学系统成像质量的成像点列图，图6(b)为光学系统成像质量的光谱点列图；
图7(a)为光学系统成像质量之场曲和畸变曲线(成像)，图7(b)为光学系统成像质量之场曲和畸变曲线(光谱)；
其中，1为卡式镜头，11为主镜，12为次镜，2为第一透镜组，3为分 光镜，4为第二透镜组，5为成像接口，6为第三透镜组，7为反射镜，8为第四透镜组，9为光纤接口。
【具体实施方式】
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
本发明实施例提供的共孔径宽波段红外光学系统可作为图谱关联探测系统的红外光学组件，用于长波红外成像与宽波段红外光谱测量。
本发明提供了共孔径宽波段红外光学系统，参见图1所示为共孔径宽波段红外光学系统的结构示意图，本系统包括卡式镜头1、第一透镜组2、分光镜3、第二透镜组4、成像接口5、第三透镜组6、反射镜7、第四透镜组8和光纤接口9；其中，卡式镜头1中心轴与系统中心轴重合；第一透镜组2位于卡式镜头1的出射光路同轴放置；分光镜3镜面中心以及系统中心轴重合，镜面与中心轴成45°放置；第二透镜组4在分光镜3之后，位于分光镜3的透射光路上；成像接口5位于第二透镜组4尾部，第二透镜组4的出瞳与成像接口5的接口平面重合，用于放置成像组件；第三透镜组6在分光镜3之后，位于分光镜3的反射光路上；反射镜7镜面中心与第三透镜组6中心轴重合，镜面与中心轴成45°角放置，保持和分光镜3平行；第四透镜组8位于反射镜7的反射光路上；光纤接口9在安装在第四透镜组8后部，其端面与第四透镜组8的出瞳重合；该系统整体结构可采用轻质铝合金以减轻系统重量，同时可考虑设置必要的薄壁遮光罩，较低背景、阳光干扰。
如图2所示，光(2μm-12μm)入射到卡式镜头1的主镜11，反射到次镜12并再次反射，经过第一透镜组2聚焦，然后经过分光镜3分光。主 镜11、次镜12、第一透镜组2和分光镜3是共孔径的。分光后，其中透过分光镜3的50％长波红外光(8μm-10μm)经过透镜组4进行像差校正，像面再次聚焦在成像接口处。另外，与分光镜3反射的50％长波红外光(8μm-10μm)以及2μm-8μm和10μm-12μm红外光经过第三透镜组6，并由反射镜7再次反射，然后通过第四透镜组8聚焦在光纤接口处。
卡式镜头1包含主镜11和次镜12，均可以采用高次非球面反射镜，并设计不大于1:3的主次镜遮拦比(如图3)。主、次镜的高次非球面承担共孔径宽波段红外光学系统的主要轴上单色像差。作为反射镜的主、次镜不产生色差，有利于红外较大光谱波段范围光学系统成像。而且卡塞格林反射系统折叠了光路，压缩了光学筒长。在保证主次镜成像所需合理间距的前提下，较小的遮拦比有利于提高光学系统的透过率。
第一透镜组2用于对卡式镜头1聚焦的红外光进行像差和色差校正后输出；其包括两个凸透镜，月牙形凸透镜在前，平凸透镜紧挨其后同轴放置。采用可透过红外宽光谱的CVD硒化锌材料，并设置衍射光学面，既部分平衡宽波段光谱成像的较大光谱范围产生的色差，也分担长波成像的轴外单色像差和部分色差。第一透镜组2轴心与卡式镜头1中心轴重合，安置时应尽量靠近卡式镜头1以避免透镜结构遮挡主次镜间光线。
分光镜3镜面中心与卡式镜头1中心轴重合，镜面与中心轴成45°角放置。首先，膜系设计、镀制分光膜(第一面)和长波增透膜(第二面)应以红外光线为45°入射作为必要条件。其次，分光镜3对透射光轴会有微小偏移，使长波制冷成像系统成为离轴光学系统，会使子午、弧矢两个方向的像差产生非对称，并恶化子午像差。光学优化设计中，需要控制场曲和象散，来平衡子午、弧矢像差。
第二透镜组4在分光镜3之后，位于分光镜3的透射光路上，主要用于长波红外成像。它由5个透镜组成，两个凹透镜在前依次放置，平凸透镜放置在中间，随后凹透镜紧挨放置，最后一个平凸透镜同轴放置。第二 透镜组4配合第一透镜组2消成像色差。非球面的透镜组可以减少镜片数，以简化结构形式、提高光谱透过率。
第三透镜组6在分光镜3之后，位于分光镜3的反射光路上，配合反射镜7和第四透镜组8用于宽光谱成像，优化宽光谱色差。它由三个透镜组成，凹透镜在前，中间放置平凸透镜，随后同轴放置另一面凹透镜。
反射镜7镜面中心与第三透镜组6中心轴重合，镜面与中心轴成45°角放置，保持和分光镜3平行，其目的是为了再次折叠光路，是宽光谱成像光轴与长波红外成像光轴平行，有利于整个共孔径宽波段红外光学系统的结构布局。
第四透镜组8位于反射镜7的反射光路上，配合第三透镜组6校正宽光谱成像的位置色差和倍率色差。它包含三个透镜，其中，月牙形凸透镜在前，随后紧挨放置两个平凸透镜。
成像接口5和光纤接口9根据不同红外探测器和光纤选择可以自行设计接口形式。
共孔径宽波段红外光学系统的入瞳在主镜11上，出瞳设计在第一透镜组4的最后一片镜片上，目的是压缩主镜口径，减少体积、重量，并且可有效减少背景和镜筒自身辐射干扰。
共孔径宽波段红外光学系统采用无热化设计，当环境温度在-40℃～+60℃内变化时，系统成像面位置保持稳定不变，免除调焦结构。
共孔径宽波段红外光学系统的视场角度为2°×1.6°(对角线2.5°)，通光口径为138mm，长波红外成像焦距275mm，宽光谱成像285mm，响应波段为2-12um(宽波段)，系统体积180mm(高)×170mm(宽)×200mm(长)，重量4.5kg，其外形结构如图4所示。
共孔径宽波段红外光学系统体积小、集成度高，响应波段范围宽，同时实现了长波红外成像与宽波段光谱共孔径，可集成用于图谱关联探测设备，实现视场扫描，目动检测和跟踪，可广泛应用于环境监测、红外制导 等民用和军事领域。
光学系统的成像质量主要依靠能量集中度、点列图和场曲、畸变曲线来评价。图5中的(a)和(b)分别显示本发明实施例长波成像在不同视场、不同区域能量集中度曲线，具体如下表。
Figure PCTCN2015072666-appb-000001
图5中的(c)和(d)则显示本发明实施例宽光谱成像在不同视场、不同区域的能量集中度曲线，具体如下表。
Figure PCTCN2015072666-appb-000002
图6中的(a)反映本发明实施例长波红外成像的点列图，(b)反映本发明实施例宽光谱成像的点列图。
图7(a)反映本发明实施例长波红外成像的场曲和畸变曲线，全视场的场曲不超过0.22mm，畸变不小于-0.66％，详细数据如下表。
视场 0° 1.5° 2° 2.5°
场曲(mm) 0 0.05 0.15 0.21
畸变(％) 0 0.09 -0.34 -0.66
图7(b)反映本发明实施例宽光谱成像的场曲和畸变曲线，全视场的 场曲不超过0.22mm，畸变不小于-0.66％，详细数据如下表。
视场 0° 0.8° 1° 1.28°
场曲(mm) 0 0.07 0.09 0.10
畸变(％) 0 +0.7 +1.1 +1.8
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种共孔径宽波段红外光学系统，其特征在于，包括：卡式镜头(1)、第一透镜组(2)、分光镜(3)、第二透镜组(4)、成像接口(5)、第三透镜组(6)、反射镜(7)、第四透镜组(8)和光纤接口(9)；
    所述第一透镜组(2)位于所述卡式镜头(1)的出射光路上且与所述卡式镜头(1)同轴放置；
    所述分光镜(3)的镜面中心与中心轴重合，且所述分光镜(3)的镜面与中心轴成45°放置；
    所述第二透镜组(4)位于所述分光镜(3)的透射光路上；
    所述成像接口(5)位于所述第二透镜组(4)尾部，且所述第二透镜组(4)的出瞳与所述成像接口(5)的接口平面重合，用于放置成像组件；
    所述第三透镜组(6)位于所述分光镜(3)的反射光路上；
    所述反射镜(7)的镜面中心与所述第三透镜组(6)的中心轴重合，且所述反射镜(7)的镜面与中心轴成45°角放置，保持和所述分光镜(3)平行；
    所述第四透镜组(8)位于所述反射镜(7)的反射光路上；
    所述光纤接口(9)设置在所述第四透镜组(8)后部，所述光纤接口(9)的端面与所述第四透镜组(8)的出瞳重合。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的共孔径宽波段红外光学系统，其特征在于，所述卡式镜头(1)包括主镜(11)和次镜(12)，所述主镜(11)和次镜(12)的遮拦比不大于1:3。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的共孔径宽波段红外光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一透镜组(2)包括依次同轴设置在中心光轴上的月牙形凸透镜和平凸透镜；用于对所述卡式镜头(1)聚焦的红外光进行像差和色差校正。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的共孔径宽波段红外光学系统，其特征在于，所述分光镜(3)的第一镜面上镀有分光膜，第二镜面上镀有长波增透膜。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的共孔径宽波段红外光学系统，其特征在于，所述第二透镜组(4)包括依次同轴设置的第一凹透镜、第二凹透镜、第一平凸透镜、第三凹透镜和第二平凸透镜。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的共孔径宽波段红外光学系统，其特征在于，所述第三透镜组(6)包括依次同轴设置的凹透镜、平凸透镜和另一面凹透镜。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的共孔径宽波段红外光学系统，其特征在于，所述第四透镜组(8)包括依次同轴设置的月牙形凸透镜、平凸透镜和另一个平凸透镜。
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