WO2016097275A2 - Outil de fond de trou à déployé dans un puits de forage - Google Patents

Outil de fond de trou à déployé dans un puits de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016097275A2
WO2016097275A2 PCT/EP2015/080458 EP2015080458W WO2016097275A2 WO 2016097275 A2 WO2016097275 A2 WO 2016097275A2 EP 2015080458 W EP2015080458 W EP 2015080458W WO 2016097275 A2 WO2016097275 A2 WO 2016097275A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
fluid
membrane
downhole tool
divider
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/080458
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2016097275A3 (fr
Inventor
Willem Hubertus Paulus Maria HEIJNEN
Original Assignee
Maersk Olie Og Gas A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maersk Olie Og Gas A/S filed Critical Maersk Olie Og Gas A/S
Publication of WO2016097275A2 publication Critical patent/WO2016097275A2/fr
Publication of WO2016097275A3 publication Critical patent/WO2016097275A3/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/01—Devices for supporting measuring instruments on drill bits, pipes, rods or wirelines; Protecting measuring instruments in boreholes against heat, shock, pressure or the like
    • E21B47/017—Protecting measuring instruments

Definitions

  • the invention is related to a downhole tool having a pressure compensation system.
  • Well bores are used in the petroleum and natural gas industry to produce hydrocarbons (production well) or to inject fluids, for example water, CO2 and/or Nitrogen
  • injection well injection well
  • fluids are injected to stimulate, i.e. to enhance the hydrocarbon recovery.
  • a well bore is lined with a steel pipe or steel tubing, generally referred to as casing or liner, and cemented in the overburden section to reduce the risk of unwanted evacuation of fluids from the overburden and/or the reservoir into the surface environment.
  • casing or liner For completion of the reservoir section at present several options are typically used, namely open hole completion, or using a liner with several formation packers for sealing off sections of the annulus around the steel liner, or using a steel liner which is cemented in place and access to the reservoir is gained by perforating the liner and cement in a later stage of the completion, or completion of the well with a liner in open hole which has predrilled holes in the liner to gain access to the reservoir.
  • the later holes can also be made in a later stage of the well life.
  • the well bore can enlarge due to chemical reactions and/or an instability of the borehole. This may occur due to injection or production pressure changes and/or erosion which can take place e.g. in case of production from unstable geological formations such as turbidites known for their unpredictable sand face failure resulting in massive sand production leading to well failure.
  • fractures can be generated resulting in undesired direct communication between the injection and production wells.
  • the well can collapse, for example caused by compaction, a process which happens when the pressure in the reservoir reduces, or by the use of
  • reservoir section may be subject to inspection e.g. in order to verify physical properties such as pressure or temperature, more general to collect information about the status, or in order to observe defects or anomalies, in particular in order to prevent collapses of all kind of the well .
  • the total length from the reservoir to an access at the top end of the well bore may sum up to several hundred or even several thousand meters retrieving such data, e.g. to an extraction facility at said access, is difficult and subject to continued development. It is particularly desirable to deliver the data related to the afore-mentioned phenomena, which is, however, difficult because of the environmental conditions, e.g within a steel pipe or steel tubing extending between the reservoir and the access.
  • a further aspect of the object of the invention is to even provide such a downhole tool with an opening in the
  • a specialized pressure compensation system which is capable of balancing or compensating the inside pressure to the outside pressure in the dedicated pressure range, e.g. up to 1000 bar.
  • the housing has a fluid inlet at one side, which may in a simple embodiment just be an opening through which the outside fluid may stream in and/or stream out.
  • the fluid inlet may include a channel portion inside the housing, wherein the channel portion of the fluid inlet may connect the outside of the housing with a first chamber inside the housing.
  • the housing is surrounded by an outside fluid, the fluid inlet thus is open to said outside fluid.
  • the outside fluid is the well bore fluid.
  • the installation spot for installation of downhole equipment is referred to as a frontside of the first chamber.
  • the term frontside is not related to the orientation of the first chamber with respect to the housing.
  • the term frontside shall only name a side of the first chamber, wherein the frontside of the first chamber could also be situated at a back end of the housing.
  • a region or a subchamber of the first chamber may be used for installation of downhole equipment. Examples of such downhole equipment are
  • the first chamber is filled with a chamber fluid. It is preferred, that the chamber fluid is a gas. Particularly, the gas could be air.
  • the first chamber is filled with surface air, which is air having the
  • the installations inside the downhole tool may be installed under simple environmental conditions, e.g. in a laboratory or a downhole tool manufacturing facility, e.g. in any air pressure condition in the range of the standard atmosphere pressure of 1013.25 mbar.
  • the chamber fluid in the first chamber consists of nitrogen.
  • the frontside of the first chamber may be separated from the remaining part of the first chamber e.g. by a
  • a divider is arranged inside the first chamber.
  • the divider may sealingly engage an inner side of the fluid inlet.
  • the divider defines an expandable second chamber at an inner side of the divider, so that the expandable second chamber is fillable with the outside fluid through the fluid inlet.
  • the divider may emcompass the fluid inlet and thus seal the fluid inlet against the first chamber, wherein the fluid inlet opens out into the inner side of the divider, which is the expandable second chamber.
  • the divider might, for ease of understanding, in a simple embodiment be described as a balloon which could be put over an inner flunge of the fluid inlet.
  • the balloon When the pressure present at the fluid inlet is higher than the pressure inside the first chamber, the balloon will expand and thus compress the chamber fluid.
  • the divider may also be of other shape.
  • the divider may be a movable wall inside the downhole tool, e.g. between the expandable second chamber and the first chamber.
  • the divider may have the shape of a piston moving inside the first chamber and by its
  • the balloon shape has some advantages for this purpose, as the space inside the first chamber may be used e.g. for cable installations along the first chamber which would be difficult to realize in case of e.g. a piston, as the first chamber is preferably sealed against the expandable second chamber.
  • the divider may equal or compensate the chamber fluid pressure to the outside fluid pressure.
  • the compensation of the pressure levels may be achieved by movement of the divider, or, in other words, by way of changing the size of the expandable second chamber.
  • a chamber fluid collector is particularly preferred for providing the chamber fluid to the frontside of the first chamber in case the expandable second chamber expands.
  • the chamber fluid collector extends along the divider.
  • the chamber fluid collector can be realized with installing a twisted pair cable, which, may, for example, be also used for electrical signal or current transport through the downhole tool.
  • the chamber fluid collector can be mounted at an outer wall of the first chamber. The function of the chamber fluid collector shall be explained by way of example: With rising outside pressure level, the divider starts to move due to influx of outside fluid into the expandable second chamber. Particularly preferred the divider thereby balances outside pressure level and inside pressure level of the chamber fluid (chamber fluid
  • the divider With continued expansion of the expandable second chamber, the divider begins to come in contact with the outer wall of the first chamber. The divider continues to press against the outer wall of the first chamber and possibly isolates regions containing chamber fluid between the divider and the outer wall of the first chamber.
  • the chamber fluid is collected at the frontside of the first chamber, so that the divider, when continuing to move, does not come in contact with the downhole equipment at the frontside.
  • the chamber fluid forms a cushion at the frontside, e.g. around the downhole equipment, when further compressed.
  • the chamber fluid collector is installed along which the chamber fluid may reach the frontside.
  • the divider presses on the twisted wire, but between the wires channels remain through which the chamber fluid may evacuate from the isolated regions between the divider and the outer wall of the first chamber.
  • the outside fluid comprises an outside fluid pressure, which is mainly depending on the type of fluid, e.g. oil or water, the temperature of the fluid and/or the position of the downhole tool, e.g. the diving depth of the
  • the chamber fluid comprises an initial chamber fluid pressure, which by way of example may be adjusted before deployment of the wellbore tool.
  • the divider equals the chamber fluid pressure to the outside fluid pressure by means of expansion or shrinkage of the expandable second chamber .
  • the divider may be a flexible divider.
  • the divider may be made of
  • the flexible divider may particularly be made of rubber. It is also possible for the divider to be made of silicone, of metal, of natural rubber or a PVC material (polyvinyl chloride) . As a basic condition, the material of the divider should, at least at its inner side or at the side, which can be in contact with the outside fluid, withstand the composition of the wellbore fluid, which may be acid or in any way chemically aggressive.
  • the second chamber comprises a smallest volume and a maximum volume, wherein the divider has a relaxed state thereby defining the smallest volume of the second chamber. In other words, the smallest volume of the second chamber is defined by the volume which is
  • the volume of the second chamber may vary in a wide range due to adaptation to the outside fluid pressure.
  • a volume ratio of the maximum volume of the second chamber to the smallest volume of the second chamber may reach 100 or more, e.g. 1000 or more.
  • the divider may, in an embodiment, be realized as an elongated tube.
  • the elongated tube may be arranged along the centre of an elongated first chamber, e.g. held in place in its relaxed state using a wire grid or the like.
  • a membrane is installed at the frontside of said first chamber.
  • the membrane preferably has a first membrane side being in contact with said outside fluid and a backside of the membrane being in contact with said chamber fluid.
  • the membrane spans an opening of the downhole tool, so that the first membrane side is facing outwards of the downhole tool, the backside of the membrane facing inwards of the downhole tool.
  • a transducer may be attached to the backside of the membrane for excitation of the membrane.
  • the transducer converts e.g. an electrical data signal to or from a sound signal .
  • the opening, where the membrane is installed preferably has a round shape, e.g. is circular, but may also be e.g. of quadratic or rectangular form.
  • the membrane may e.g. rest against the opening of the housing or it may grip into the opening.
  • the membrane is adapted to be an opening-spanning membrane, thus the membrane spans the opening and, as a result, functions as a closure for the opening of the housing to separate the first chamber of the wellbore tool from the outside fluid.
  • the membrane can be seen as a part of an outer, e.g. watertight, overall hull of the housing .
  • the membrane has a peripheral portion, wherein the membrane is attached with its peripheral portion to the housing of the wellbore tool.
  • the transducer is preferably glued to the backside of the membrane, but it may also be screwed or welded.
  • the membrane is therefore a metal membrane, in particular made of Aluminum, Stainless Steel, Titanium and/or A1203. Further preferred the membrane has a
  • the transducer may be arranged inside the first chamber, which is, at the frontside of the first chamber. In other words, the backside of the membrane is directed towards the inside of the first chamber, the membrane lies at the opening of the housing and the transducer, which is
  • the transducer is a transceiver, e.g. capable of both sending and receiving data signals via the membrane through the fluid in the well bore .
  • the transducer is a piezo driver. Further preferred is an embodiment wherein the transducer comprises at least two piezo-electrically active layers.
  • the piezo-electrically active layers are arranged on top of each other, so that a first piezo-electrically active layer is in contact with the membrane and a second piezo-electrically layer is on top of and in contact with the first piezo-electrically active layer.
  • the piezo- electrically active layers may be operated serial in an acoustic point of view, so that driving the piezo- electrically active layers sums up to an overall transducer signal strength.
  • the use of at least the first and second piezo-electrically active layer reduces electric load impedance especially in a lower frequency range as compared to a single piece piezo-electric driver and thus provides high efficiency.
  • the at least first and second piezo-electrically active layers each comprise a respective first pole, and preferably the at least first and second piezo-electrically active layers are arranged such, that the first
  • the electrically active layer has the first pole directed towards the membrane whereas the second piezo-electrically active layer has the first pole directed away from the membrane.
  • the piezo-electrically active layers are arranged inverse to each other, wherein each second piezo-electrically active layer is operated
  • Each piezo-electrically active layer thus contributes to the overall transducer signal.
  • the transducer can also be a magneto restrictive driver, a magnetic driver, an electric driver, a capacity and/or a thermal driver.
  • the transducer may be connected to communication
  • the first communication electronics may generate the data signal, e.g. an electric data signal, wherein the data may be refined such, that the transducer is able to excite the membrane being fed by said data signal.
  • the data signal thus not only contains the information to be transmitted but may also provide enough electric power to operate the transducer, e.g. by adjusting the voltage level of the data signal to achieve a
  • the transducer excites the membrane in response to the data signal generated by the communication electronics to generate at least one sound wave to propagate through said fluid.
  • the data signal is processed by the communication electronics in a way that it is capable of driving the transducer in order to act on the membrane to make it release at least one sound wave, or in other words to excite the membrane. Excitation of the membrane releases said at least one sound wave, wherein the data to be transmitted is contained in the sound waves, e.g. by employment of a modulated carrier frequency.
  • the membrane is substantially planar.
  • a substantially planar membrane on the one hand is easy to manufacture and thus cost-effective, on the other hand it has turned out, that it delivers sufficient signal strength and is capable of receiving the signal in the well bore .
  • the membrane may further be substantially circular. It has been found out that even with the relatively thick
  • the circular membrane provides a good behaviour for signal transmission, e.g. excitation of the membrane consumes a relatively low amount of energy and higher-order modes of oscillation may be separated.
  • the peripheral portion of the membrane is advantageously circumferentially sealingly engaged to the housing.
  • the membrane is in contact to the housing at an outer circumference of the membrane.
  • the housing further comprises an annular membrane sealing surface surrounding the opening of the housing.
  • the annular membrane sealing surface can be engaged circumferentially by the peripheral portion of the membrane.
  • the membrane has a first diameter and the opening has a second diameter wherein the first diameter exceeds the second diameter such, that the membrane is larger than the opening.
  • the annular membrane sealing surface is
  • the annular membrane sealing surface may have a third diameter which matches the first diameter of the peripheral portion of the membrane.
  • the membrane can particularly be clamped, when engaging the opening of the housing, at the peripheral portion so that a node of an oscillation of the membrane is established at said peripheral portion in case the membrane oscillates. In other words, the membrane is fixated around its first diameter and an inner portion of the membrane is allowed to oscillate free.
  • the membrane may further comprise holes or recesses, in particular at the peripheral portion or, in other words, along the circumference of the membrane, for securely fixing the membrane to the housing.
  • the membrane may further comprise holes or recesses, in particular at the peripheral portion or, in other words, along the circumference of the membrane, for securely fixing the membrane to the housing.
  • the membrane is fixed to the annular membrane sealing surface using screws which are inserted into the holes or recesses and which grip into screw threads of the annular membrane sealing surface.
  • the holes or recesses may be, as an example, drilled into the membrane.
  • the wave motion of the first membrane side couples the data signal into the outside fluid, e.g. in the well bore.
  • the downhole tool employs preferably a data transfer working frequency, wherein the data signal e.g. is
  • modulated using known modulation techniques (e.g. amplitude modulation or frequency modulation) .
  • the data transfer may also be undertaken by pulse modulation at the working frequency. Most preferred the data transfer working
  • Excitation of the membrane by the transducer preferably substantially only generates first order oscillation, in particular of oscillation mode 01. It has been found out that signal strength of the data signal generated by the downhole tool can be maximized with respect to the used amount of electric power for excitation of the membrane when the membrane is excited at or near a resonance
  • the absolute frequency of said resonance frequency of the vibrational mode 01 depends, among other influences, from the membrane diameter, the membrane thickness and the material chosen for the membrane.
  • the downhole tool operating at a working frequency which is set higher than or equal to 2 kHz can deliver satisfying signal intensities. But also a working frequency of the downhole tool which is set higher than or equal to 1.5 kHz or higher than or equal to 1 kHz still results in satisfying signal intensities.
  • the downhole tool preferably operates at a working frequency which is set lower than or equal to 100 kHz, more preferably 40 kHz or even more preferably 20 kHz.
  • a high working frequency e.g. above 100 kHz, may lead to an increase of electric power to be fed to the transducer for generating the at least one sound wave with satisfying intensity, e.g. satisfying sound pressure.
  • the working frequency may even be set lower than 10 kHz depending on the diameter, thickness and material of the membrane. In other words, the working frequency is set such that
  • the downhole tool is designed as an autonomous downhole tool in this respect, that it can operate without external energy supply.
  • a stand-alone power supply such as a battery pack.
  • the power generator could be implemented as an electric energy harvesting system using the transformation of sound energy, e.g. provided by the second transducer system or by
  • downhole tool comprises the steps collecting at least one sound wave with the membrane installed at the opening of the downhole tool, transforming sound energy stored in the at least one sound wave collected by the membrane into electrical energy by a transducer and storing the electrical energy in an energy storage in the downhole tool.
  • the energy storage could be the battery pack.
  • the downhole tool may be part of a multifunctional downhole tool which, for example, collects data in the well bore and/or the reservoir or which operates other functions particularly for sustaining the well bore, e.g. does cementations of an outer wall of the well bore or the like.
  • the downhole tool gains the functionality of a
  • each downhole tool may have assigned an individual code when sharing the same working frequency, wherein assignment techniques known e.g. from digital networks, which operate at a shared working frequency, can be
  • Each downhole tool may also use an individual working frequency.
  • the membrane may be adapted to withstand a pressure of more than 10 bar or even more than 50 bar or more than 100 bar.
  • a pressure differential between the first membrane side and the backside of the membrane exiting the membrane will require higher energy levels for sending and/or receiving.
  • the energy needed for excitation of said membrane is greatly reduced. Due to the fact, that the amount of energy stored in or generateable by the downhole tool limits the lifetime of the downhole tool, reduction of the excitation energy thus extends its lifetime.
  • the membrane may withstand not only high pressures such as more than 50 or 100 bar, but it may also withstand high temperatures such as 320 K or more, 370 K or more or even 470 K or more.
  • high temperatures such as 320 K or more, 370 K or more or even 470 K or more.
  • Using a metal membrane with melting points in a range of e.g. more than 900 K provides a high reserve in that respect.
  • the membrane may also be adapted to withstand other environmental conditions such as acidity of the outside fluid.
  • the membrane or the annular membrane sealing portion may further comprise additional sealing means for sealingly closing a possible gap between the membrane and the opening of the housing, especially to seal the housing against the outside fluid having high fluid column pressure.
  • the membrane is installed at the frontside of the first chamber, wherein the chamber pressure is equaled to the outside fluid pressure by means of the divider.
  • the divider thus realizes, that between the first chamber and the outside no or only a minor pressure difference of e.g. less than 1% or even less than lss of the absolute outside fluid pressure persists.
  • the downhole equipment such as the backside of the membrane, the transducer and/or the communication electronics, can be installed in the first chamber, so that the downhole equipment is surrounded by chamber fluid.
  • the membrane has more or less the outside fluid pressure on both of its sides, so that the membrane does not have to sustain high pressure
  • the downhole tool may be employed in environmental conditions with outside fluid pressure of up to 1000 bar, or even exceeding 1000 bar.
  • the membrane installed in the downhole tool as described above has to sustain no pressure differences from inside to the outside, or only minor pressure differences compared to the absolute outside fluid pressure. It is to be understood, that not only a membrane can be installed having contact to the outside fluid, but also other downhole equipment.
  • the downhole tool being adapted to operate in the well bore fluid in the well bore, comprises therefore a housing surrounded by the outside fluid and a first chamber filled with chamber fluid for installation of downhole equipment. Therein, influx of the outside fluid into the wellbore tool compensates a pressure difference between the chamber fluid pressure and the outside fluid pressure.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic cross-sectional view of an earth
  • FIG. 2 another schematic cross-sectional view of an
  • Fig. 3 a sketched side view of a downhole tool
  • Fig. 4 a photographic view of a backside of a first membrane
  • Fig. 5 a sketched side view of a first membrane
  • Fig. 6 a photographic view of a backside of a second
  • first membrane having a multi- layered transducer at its backside
  • Fig. 7 a schematic sideview of a multi-layered
  • transducer having four layers to be attached to the backside of a membrane
  • Fig. 10 frontal view of the first side of a downhole tool having an opening
  • the membrane being a metal membrane made of Aluminum
  • Fig. 13 a photographic view of a test setup with a
  • Fig. 14 Peak-to-Peak pressure as a function of excitation frequency .
  • a well bore 2 is drilled in an earth formation 4 to exploit natural resources like oil or gas.
  • the well bore 2 continuously extends from the extraction facility 9 at or near the surface 6 to a reservoir 8 of the well bore 2 situated distal from the wellhead 10 at the extraction facility 9.
  • a casing/liner 12 in the form of an elongated steel pipe or steel tubing is located within the well bore 2 and
  • the outer part 13, the reservoir 8 and/or the casing/liner 12 are typically filled with a fluid 16,
  • the fluids 16, 17, 18 are e.g. oil or gas in case of a production well or water, CO 2 or nitrogen in case of an injection well.
  • a downhole tool 20 is located within the casing or liner 12 being able to communicate with a transducer device 200 located at or near the extraction facility 9.
  • the downhole tool 20 operates autonomously having internal power storage 92 (see e.g. Fig. 3) and thus needs not be powered or wired externally.
  • the downhole tool 20 further can communicate with a second transducer device 200 installed at or near a top end of the well bore 2 without any wiring.
  • the second transducer device 200 can also be installed anywhere in the well bore, e.g. acting as a signal repeater, or being connected to a wire, glass fiber or other well component. To sum up, the downhole tool 20 can be operated freely in the well bore and needs not to be cable linked to the surface.
  • the downhole tool 20 may additionally be a movable downhole tool 20 being moved by moving means 21, generally known to the skilled person, within the casing or liner 12 to any desired position in the casing or liner 12 or even in the reservoir 8.
  • the downhole tool 20 includes a transducer 30 at a backside 42 (e.g. Fig.2) of a membrane 40, wherein the membrane 40 is mounted at a first side 26 of a housing 28 and at a frontside of the first chamber 70.
  • the membrane 40 is in contact to the outside fluid 18 in the casing/liner 12.
  • the transducer device 200 includes a second transducer 202 at a backside of a second membrane 204 which is in contact to the fluid 18 in the casing/liner 12. Sound waves 27 in the fluid 18 can be generated or detected with the downhole tool 20 or, respectively, with the second transducer device 200.
  • Fig. 2 shows another earth formation with a downhole tool 20 positioned in a horizontal portion of the casing/liner 12.
  • the liner 12 in this embodiment only partly covers the well bore.
  • Fig. 3 depicts a sketched sideview of the downhole tool 20.
  • the elongated housing 28 has an opening 54 at a first side 26 of the housing 28, wherein, in this embodiment, a membrane 40 is installed.
  • the membrane 40 is, with a first membrane side 41, in contact with the surrounding outside fluid 18.
  • a fluid inlet 25 is situated at a second side 29 of the housing 28. The fluid inlet 25 is open to the outside fluid 18.
  • the first chamber 70 is subdivided into a larger subchamber 72 and a smaller subchamber 74 suited for installations of downhole equipment 30, 40.
  • a constriction 76 of the housing 28 is situated between the larger subchamber 72 and the smaller subchamber 74.
  • the fluid inlet 25 comprises a channel portion 25a and opens out in an expandable second chamber 80, which is situated inside the first chamber 70.
  • the expandable second chamber 80 is situated inside the larger subchamber 72, wherein the expandable second chamber 80 may expand due to influx of outside fluid 18 to a size matching or marginally smaller than the size of the larger subchamber 72.
  • the expandable second chamber 80 may, in an embodiment, fill out the larger subchamber 72 thereby forcing the chamber fluid 78 out of the larger subchamber 72 and into the smaller subchamber 74.
  • the expandable second chamber 80 is encircled by the divider 82, which separates the expandable second chamber 80 from the first chamber 70.
  • the divider 82 is, in this embodiment, localized to the larger backside 72 of the first chamber 70.
  • the divider 82 may, in its expanded state, fill out the larger subchamber 72 and lay against an outer wall 71 of the first chamber 70. But the first chamber 70 is constructed such, that the downhole equipment 30, 40 installed at the frontside 74 is still separated from the divider 82, e.g. due to implementation of a constriction 76.
  • the divider 82 is a flexible divider which is deformable such, that it can realize volume changes of the expandable second chamber by deformation of the divider 82.
  • the chamber fluid collector 75 which is installed along the outer wall 71, allows all chamber fluid 78 to flow to the frontside 74, e.g. when the divider 82 is pressing against the outer wall 71.
  • the chamber fluid collector 75 has for this purpose at least one fluid channel along which the chamber fluid 78 may flow.
  • the chamber fluid collector 75 is a twisted metal wire 75, where the chamber fluid 78 may flow along the fluid channel formed by the hollow space between the divider 82 and the wires of the twisted metal wire 75.
  • a third chamber 90 may be present in the downhole tool 20, wherein e.g. a stand-alone power supply 92 or further electronics 94 may be installed.
  • Fig. 4 depicts a photograph of the backside 42 of the membrane 40.
  • the membrane 40 of this embodiment is a metal membrane 40.
  • the transducer 30 is attached at the backside 42 e.g. by force-fit lamination technique, it may thus establish galvanic contact to the membrane 40.
  • Contact wiring 32 connects the transducer 30 to communication electronics 60 (see e.g. Fig. 7) .
  • the transducer 30 is embodied as a piezo driver 30.
  • the membrane 40 further has holes 46 for attaching the membrane 40 to the housing 28 using screws or bolts or the like.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic of an excitation of the membrane 40.
  • the membrane 40 is clamped at its peripheral portion 44, e.g. by fixing the membrane 40 of the embodiment of Fig. 3 to an annular membrane sealing portion 52 of the housing 28 using screws.
  • Excitation 48 of the membrane 40 generates at least one sound wave 27 which e.g. can be
  • Fig. 6 a photograph of the backside 42 of another embodiment of the membrane 40 is presented having a multi-layered transducer 30.
  • the multi-layered transducer 30 comprises three piezo-electrically active layers 34 (see Fig. 6) .
  • the membrane 40 further comprises holes 46.
  • Fig. 7 depicts a schematic of a multi-layered transducer 30 having four piezo-electrically active layers 34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d.
  • the piezo-electrically active layers 34 are arranged on top of each other and are connected via contact wiring 32 to e.g. communication electronics 60.
  • Each piezo- electrically active layer 34 has a respective first pole 36, indicated with a plus-symbol, and a respective second pole 37, indicated with a minus-symbol.
  • the first pole 36 of the first piezo-electrically active layer 34a is directed towards the backside 42 of the membrane 40.
  • the side of the first piezo- electrically active layer 34a having the polarity of the first pole 36 is in contact with the backside 42 of the membrane 40 and attached thereto, e.g. glued or by using force-fit lamination.
  • the second piezo-electrically active layer 34b is installed upside down, thus the second pole 37 of the layer 34b faces towards the backside 42 of the membrane 40.
  • the third piezo-electrically active layer 34c again has the
  • the fourth piezo- electrically active layer 34d is oriented upside down like the second piezo-electrically active layer 34b. In general, every other piezo-electrically active layer 34, 34b, 34d is used with an upside down orientation. Upside down oriented piezo-electrically active layers 34, 34b, 34d have the advantage, that less contact wiring 32 is needed.
  • the multi-layer piezo arrangement with two, three or more piezo-electrically active layers 34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d allow for a high signal intensity and a good coupling of the sound signal into the membrane 40, 204 and thus into the fluid 16, 17, 18 by reducing electric load impedance of the transducer 30, 202.
  • the data signal is processed in the communication
  • an excitation of the piezo driver 30 and as a consequence of the membrane 40, 204 generates the at least one sound wave 27 with adequate intensity.
  • Intensity of the sound wave 27 may be adjusted e.g. by adjusting the voltage level of the data signal or by selecting the frequency of the data signal. As an example it is advantageous, if the frequency of the data signal is set to a resonance frequency of the membrane 40, 204, as will be shown.
  • Fig. 8 gives an overview of several vibrational modes for the membrane 40, wherein the vibrational modes 01, 02, 11 and 21 are known per se.
  • the membrane 40 can be excited by the communication electronics 60 to oscillate in different vibrational modes, e.g. by excitation mode 48a, 48b, 48c, 48d.
  • excitation mode 48a for the purpose of having a high signal amplitude in the fluid 16, 17, 18 in the well bore 2, it has been found out that using the excitation mode 48a and such vibrational mode 01 is most effective.
  • Fig. 9 shows a sideview of the downhole tool 20 in a casing/liner 12 in a well bore 2 having a membrane 40 at the first side 26 of the housing 28.
  • the transducer 30 is attached to the backside 42 of the membrane 40 and thus situated at the frontside 74 of the first chamber 70.
  • the membrane 40 is attached with its peripheral portion 44 to the annular membrane sealing portion 52 of the housing 28.
  • the annular membrane sealing portion 52 surrounds an opening 54 of the housing 28, where the transducer 30 is inserted into said opening 54.
  • the membrane 40 sealingly engages the annular membrane sealing portion 52 so that the fluid 16, 17, 18 is hindered to enter the opening 54 and thus to enter the housing 28.
  • a tool section 99 is scetched, wherein different downhole tools can be implemented e.g. for analysing the well bore 2 or the casing/liner 12.
  • the tool section 99 denotes usage of any kind of secondary downhole tools for which communication with the extraction facility 9 is of interest.
  • the secondary downhole tool in the tool section 99 sends a data signal via data line 62 to the
  • a communication electronics 60 transforms the data signal for an optimal excitation 48 of the membrane 40 and passes the data signal via contact wiring 32 to the transducer 30, here a multi-layered transducer 30 with four piezo- electrically active layers 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d.
  • the unit comprising the transducer 30 and the membrane 40 serves the purpose of providing a communication platform for the secondary downhole tool.
  • Fig. 10 a first side 26 of the housing 28 is shown in a front perspective with a round opening 54 surrounded by the annular membrane sealing portion 52.
  • the annular membrane sealing portion 54 further has screw threads 56 for receiving screws for fixation of the
  • the membrane 40 to the opening 54 of the housing 28.
  • the membrane 40 has a diameter in a direction parallel to the surface of the first side 26 of the housing 28 which is larger than a diameter of the opening 54, so that the membrane 40 spans the opening and engages the annular membrane sealing portion 54, thereby sealing the opening 54.
  • Fig. 11 shows the relative static displacement, which is e.g. the displacement of fluid in the well bore by
  • Fig. 12 substantially shows the information of Fig. 11, wherein only an activation of a membrane 40 made of
  • FIG. 13 an experimental setup for testing membrane and transducer properties of a downhole tool 20 and a second transducer device 200 in a test fluid 19 is shown.
  • the membrane 40 couples sound waves into the test fluid 19, whereas the second membrane 204 receives said sound waves and wherein both membranes 40, 204 are in contact with said test fluid 19.
  • Fig. 14 exemplarily shows experimental data measured with a test setup for testing membrane and transducer properties.
  • Membranes have been excited by 30 cycles inoson electronic signal having 175 Vpp .
  • the peak-peak pressure producible with the membranes at a distance of 1 meter was in the region of 6.2 Pa for the membrane 40 and 8.5 Pa for the second membrane 204, each at the resonance frequency of about 2300 Hz.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

Outil de fond de trou conçu pour fonctionner dans un puits de forage, l'outil de fond de trou comprenant un boîtier entouré par un fluide extérieur, le boîtier comportant une entrée de fluide, l'entrée de fluide étant ouverte audit fluide extérieur. L'outil de fond de trou comprend en outre une première chambre remplie d'un fluide de chambre comportant une sous-chambre pour l'installation d'équipement de fond de trou, un diviseur agencé à l'intérieur de la première chambre, le diviseur entrant en prise étanche avec l'entrée de fluide et délimitant une seconde chambre extensible au niveau d'un côté intérieur du diviseur, de telle sorte que la seconde chambre extensible peut être remplie avec le fluide extérieur par le biais de l'entrée de fluide, l'afflux du fluide extérieur dans la seconde chambre extensible faisant dilater ladite seconde chambre ce qui permet de comprimer le fluide de chambre dans la première chambre.
PCT/EP2015/080458 2014-12-18 2015-12-18 Outil de fond de trou à déployé dans un puits de forage WO2016097275A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1422624.5 2014-12-18
GB201422624 2014-12-18

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WO2016097275A2 true WO2016097275A2 (fr) 2016-06-23
WO2016097275A3 WO2016097275A3 (fr) 2016-08-18

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Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2660800A (en) * 1950-01-04 1953-12-01 Phillips Petroleum Co Borehole hydraulic measuring apparatus
US4711122A (en) * 1986-08-21 1987-12-08 Chevron Research Co. Flexible mud excluder for borehole televiewer
NO325613B1 (no) * 2004-10-12 2008-06-30 Well Tech As System og fremgangsmåte for trådløs dataoverføring i en produksjons- eller injeksjonsbrønn ved hjelp av fluidtrykkfluktuasjoner

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