EP1750930B1 - Dispositif de nettoyage par ultrasons de fond de puits de forage - Google Patents

Dispositif de nettoyage par ultrasons de fond de puits de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1750930B1
EP1750930B1 EP05757243A EP05757243A EP1750930B1 EP 1750930 B1 EP1750930 B1 EP 1750930B1 EP 05757243 A EP05757243 A EP 05757243A EP 05757243 A EP05757243 A EP 05757243A EP 1750930 B1 EP1750930 B1 EP 1750930B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
generator
tubing
ultrasonic
cleaning apparatus
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05757243A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1750930A1 (fr
Inventor
Lee Nicky Morgenthaler
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Publication of EP1750930A1 publication Critical patent/EP1750930A1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/02—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by distortion, beating, or vibration of the surface to be cleaned
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B9/043—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved by externally powered mechanical linkage, e.g. pushed or drawn through the pipes
    • B08B9/0436—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved by externally powered mechanical linkage, e.g. pushed or drawn through the pipes provided with mechanical cleaning tools, e.g. scrapers, with or without additional fluid jets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B28/00—Vibration generating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for stimulating production
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0085—Adaptations of electric power generating means for use in boreholes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to downhole cleaning using an ultrasonic device. More particularly, this invention relates to downhole cleaning utilizing ultrasonic generator(s) powered by piezoelectric element(s), not requiring external electric power.
  • the ultrasonic generator and piezoelectric element are placed within the completion equipment and the piezoelectric element(s) is normally in an unstrained state, generating no electrical current, but when subjected to mechanical force, it generates electricity to power the ultrasonic device.
  • Ultrasonic devices have been shown to enhance cleaning and particle separation from liquids.
  • Current downhole ultrasonic cleaning devices are powered by external electric sources connected to the device by wires or cables.
  • U.S. 4,280,557 discloses an apparatus for cleaning an extended number of apertured portions of the lower region of an oil well casing, which includes a sonic oscillator, a stem member in the form of an elongated elastic tube which runs along said extended number of apertured portions, said oscillator to be attached to the top end of said stem member in the region of the apertured portions to be cleaned, and means for driving said oscillator.
  • U.S. 5,458,860 discloses the use of sonic energy to enhance the removal of alkaline earth scale using an aqueous solution having a pH of about 8 to 14 and comprising a chelating agent.
  • U.S. 5,184,678 discloses an apparatus for stimulating fluid production in a producing well wherein a well stimulating tool comprising a sealed tool housing with an acoustic transducer in the housing is run into a producing well on an electric wireline and placed at a depth opposite perforations in the producing zone.
  • U.S. 5,595,243 discloses a method and apparatus for cleaning the wellbore and the near wellbore region in which a sonde is provided which is adapted to be lowered into a borehole and which includes a plurality of acoustic transducers arranged around the sonde, and wherein electrical power provided by a cable is converted to acoustic energy.
  • U.S. 4,469,175 describes a mechanoacoustic transducer, which comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced contiguous vibratile plate members, which are driven in phase by a rotating cylindrical cam.
  • the cam is shaped to provide radial oscillatory displacements of the vibratile plates of sufficient amplitude to generate acoustic power density levels in liquids.
  • the use of fluid coupling to produce vibration to enhance well cementing is disclosed in U.S. 4,658,897 .
  • the transducer members are within a sleeve that is filled with oil and communicates vibrations from the transducer members.
  • U.S. 4,788,467 discloses in combination a housing, at least one transducer disposed in the housing and having properties of receiving electrical energy and converting the electrical energy into expansions and contractions of the transducer for the pumping of oil in the oil well in accordance with such expansions and contractions, passages extending into and out of the housing at opposite ends of the housing at a position below the transducer, a piston disposed in the housing for movement in accordance with the pressure of the fluid in the oil well, and a spring supported between the piston and the housing for compression and expansion to inhibit any cavitation of the oil in the oil well as a result of such expansion and contraction of the transducer and as a result of changes in the temperature of the oil in the oil well.
  • U.S. 5,554,922 discloses a system for the conversion of pressure fluctuations prevailing in a fluid distribution piping system into electrical energy, characterized in that it includes a casing, at least one chamber formed in the casing which may be linked to a fluid system and which is limited on one side by a wall which may be moved back and forth under the influence of the pressure prevailing in the fluid system, and at least one apparatus which is connected to the movable wall and which converts the mechanical energy transmitted by this into electrical energy.
  • US patent application US2002/0070017 discloses a vibrating well cleaning device which is suspended in a wellbore from a electrical power supply cable which has to be replaced after each cleaning operation.
  • US patent application US2003/0196816 discloses a vibrating well cleaning device which is actuated by turbulence in well flow.
  • Piezoelectric materials transform energy from mechanical to electrical and vice-versa. Piezoelectric materials produce an electric field when exposed to a change in dimension caused by an imposed mechanical force (mechanical to electrical conversion) and conversely, an applied electric field will produce a mechanical stress (electrical to mechanical conversion). These materials can be used for sensing purposes, including actuator and sensor applications.
  • a downhole ultrasonic well cleaning device is powered by an apparatus that converts mechanical force into electrical energy, preferably a piezoelectric generator. Both are installed or inserted within the completion equipment of any structure where the caking of particles may affect productivity.
  • the preferred application is in cleaning wells and subterranean formations.
  • the ultrasonic generator and piezoelectric element would be placed within the completion equipment (e.g. pipeline, tubing, packer, sand control screen, or other element) of a pipeline or subterranean well such as those used for oil or gas production.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a configuration for temporary insertion in the well.
  • the mechanical electrical converter 1, ultrasonic generator 2, and the ultrasonic sonde 3 are inserted on the end of a temporarily installed tubing 4, which is anchored in place by a temporary packer sealing element 5. Tension or compression as denoted by the arrow 6 is applied to this tubing from an oil field drilling rig, workover rig, or workover hoist.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a configuration for permanent installation.
  • the mechanical electrical converter 1, ultrasonic generator 2, and the ultrasonic sonde 3 are permanently affixed to the permanent production tubing of the well 4 which may be affixed with a permanent packer sealing element 5.
  • the force 6 is applied to a second tubing 7 that is temporarily inserted into the bore of the permanent tubing 4.
  • a flow passage 8 exists.
  • the principle differences between the two are the passageway to allow fluid production in the second example and the arrangement of packers and alignment of tubing to allow easy removal in the first application.
  • Other configurations could be envisioned but these diagrams capture the key elements of two broad classes.
  • the piezoelectric element of the mechanical electrical converter is normally in a relaxed (unstrained) state and generates no electrical current, however the piezoelectric element(s) are mounted or inserted in the pipeline or well equipment in a manner which allows the operator to apply mechanical force as required.
  • mechanical force would be applied to the piezoelectric element to generate electricity to power the ultrasonic sonde.
  • Ultrasonic sondes convert electrical energy to ultra high frequency pressure oscillations when electrical energy is applied to the sonde at its operational resonant frequency.
  • the operational resonant frequency and range of the sonde is determined by its design, specifically geometry and materials of construction. Various equipment manufacturers accomplish this in a number of ways.
  • the present invention is not intended to be limited to any particular ultrasonic sonde. Suitable acoustic sondes and transducers are described, for example, in U.S. 5,595,243 and U.S. 5,184,678 .
  • the ultrasonic generator converts normal sources of electricity, such as direct current from batteries or alternating current, typically 20 to 80 Hz, to ultra high frequency alternating current to excite the operational resonant frequency of the ultrasonic sonde.
  • direct current from batteries or alternating current, typically 20 to 80 Hz
  • U. S. 5,184,678 and U. S. 5,595,243 .
  • Use of direct current from a battery has been revealed by Y. Bar-Cohen, S. Sherrit, B. Dolgin, T. Peterson, D. Pal and J. Kroh, "Ultrasonic/Sonic Driller/Corer (USDC) With Integrated Sensors," New Technology Report, Submitted on August 30, 1999 . Docket No.
  • the ultrasonic generator receives input signals from the piezoelectric element when it is placed in tension or compression or it is otherwise strained.
  • the device for converting mechanical to electrical energy revealed in this invention is based on the phenomenon that piezoelectric elements can be used to generate electrical power when they are subjected to mechanical force, i.e. when they are placed in compression or tension and when they are strained.
  • Piezoelectric materials include many polymers, ceramics, and molecules, such as water, which are permanently polarized.
  • Suitable piezoelectric materials in the present invention for producing an electric field as the result of an imposed mechanical force include, for example, but are not limited to ceramic, quartz (SiO 2 ), barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), lithium niobate, polyvinyledene difluoride (PVDF), and lead zirconate titanate (PZT).
  • the material to be used in this invention will be chosen based on the relationship between the properties of the material, the mechanical design of the installation or apparatus delivering force, and the electrical properties (voltage and power) required to power the sonde. These are captured schematically in Figure 3 , which illustrates a typical curve of voltage produced versus current for a piezo ceramic.
  • the value of voltage produced for a given mechanical loading is a property of the piezo ceramic know in the industry as the "g" constant. This constant is commonly known for commercially available materials suitable for this application.
  • the maximum voltage (denoted V oc in Figure 3 ) is achieved if the circuit is open, i.e. no current or power is drawn from the device. As current is drawn from the device the voltage is reduced but power is generated.
  • the maximum current is available if the circuit is closed (denoted I cc in Figure 3 ).
  • the appropriate operating point (A in Figure 3 ) for the piezo ceramic defined by a particular stress (S op in Figure 3 ) above the threshold stress for the material (S 1 in Figure 3 ) will deliver the required voltage and current to the generator to power the sonde at the mechanical stress the apparatus is designed to impart.
  • the piezoelectric element in this invention is placed in a mechanical element or housing within the wellbore or inserted tubing such that mechanical force imposed on the tubing is transmitted to the element. As illustrated in Figures 4-6 this mechanical force could be used to place the piezo electric element in tension or compression or to bend it.
  • a simple tension or compression device as illustrated in Figures 4(a) and (b), would be applicable in the application illustrated in Figure 1 where the apparatus is placed symmetrically in the center of the well.
  • a shear type device as illustrated in Figures 5(a) and (b) would be more applicable in the apparatus illustrated in Figure 2 where the ultrasonic apparatus and mechanical - electrical energy converter is place asymmetrically on one side of the well tubing.
  • Single sheets of piezo can be energized to produce motion in the thickness, length, and width directions. They may be stretched or compressed to generate electrical output. Double or multiple ceramic elements may be used in series or parallel as required to generate the required voltage and power.
  • Other alternatives are bending or extension of two-layer generators including extension and bending generators. Applying mechanical stress to a laminated two layer element results in electrical generation depending on the direction of the force, the direction of polarization, and the wiring of the individual layers.
  • an extension generator when a mechanical stress causes both layers of a suitably polarized 2-layer element to stretch (or compress), a voltage is generated which tries to return the piece to its original dimensions. Essentially, the element acts like a single sheet of piezo. The metal shim sandwiched between the two piezo layers provides mechanical strength and stiffness. Any of these or combinations thereof may be applied to deliver the voltage and power required to drive the sonde.
  • the stack which comprises a large number of piezo layers, is a very stiff structure with a high capacitance. It is suitable for handling high force and collecting a large volume of charge.
  • Series operation refers to the case where supply voltage is applied across all piezo layers at once. The voltage on any individual layer is the supply voltage divided by the total number of layers.
  • a 2-layer device wired for series operation uses only two wires, one attached to each outside electrode ( figure 6a ).
  • Parallel operation refers to the case where the supply voltage is applied to each layer individually. This means accessing and attaching wires to each layer.
  • a 2-layer bending element wired for parallel operation requires three wires; one attached to each outside electrode and one attached to the center shim ( Figure 6b ).
  • the ultrasonic generator and piezoelectric elements would be attached or installed in a structure or wellbore during completion. This could be accomplished in a number of ways, as would be apparent to those skilled in the art and the present invention is not intended to be limited to a particular method.
  • the elements can be secured by, for example, welding, or cement adhesions, or by screwing in mounting brackets. (See:
  • the mechanical force could be applied by several means, including, but not limited to: 1) Placing the well tubing in tension or compression; 2) Use of a second tubing inserted into or around the wells permanent tubing; or 3) Use of a mechanical device inserted into the wellbore on a non-conducting wire.
  • the apparatus could be situated on sectional tubing, coiled tubing, or non-electric wireline, then inserted into the wellbore and actuated by mechanical force, by one of the methods described above.
  • the mechanical force could be applied by, for example: 1) Placing the well tubing in tension or compression; 2) Use of a second tubing inserted into or around the wells permanent tubing; or 3) Use of a mechanical device inserted into the wellbore on a non-conducting wire.
  • Well tubing can be placed in compression using a packer or other tubing anchor to lock the tubing in place.
  • packers and tubing anchors are commercial items available from a variety of vendors and widely used in well construction activities, (See, for example, http://www.bakerhughes.com/bot/service tools/index.htm ) and can be placed in tension or compression using mechanical equipment normally available on rigs and hoists used for well operations.
  • the techniques used to place tubing in compression or tension in a controlled manner are often practiced by those skilled in the art using established techniques.
  • the piezoelectric elements could be situated such that when either tension or compression of the tubing occurs, the piezoelectric element is subjected to force, thus generating electric power for the ultrasonic transducer.
  • a second tubing of slightly smaller or larger diameter could be inserted into or around permanent tubing, and as it moves it would come in contact with the piezoelectric elements secured in the completion equipment, to create mechanical force, which is converted to electric power for the ultrasonic generator.
  • a mechanical device could be introduced into the wellbore on a non-conducting wire, and as it comes into contact with the piezoelectric element(s), the element(s) would be bent or displaced.
  • ultrasonic sonde and piezoelectric mechanical to electrical converter could be situated on sectional tubing, or coiled tubing, and subject to compression or tension loads using the equipment and methods described above.
  • a non-electric wireline could be inserted into the wellbore with a device designed to catch the mechanical electrical converter or an attachment to it. The operator would then pull on the non-electric wireline to apply a tension load to the mechanical electrical converter. This method would be limited by the strength of the non-electric wireline.
  • the movement results in an electrical voltage which can be measured at the electrical terminals of the piezoelectric converter and used to power the ultrasonic sonde by suitable electronics, referred to herein as the generator, which are not the object of the present invention.
  • This method can be used to clean enclosed tanks or vessels where access for other methods is limited.
  • It can be used to clean water production or injection wells or wells used for the injection of steam or production of hot water or steam from subterranean geothermal deposits.
  • Variations might include:

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif de nettoyage pour déloger des particules agglutinées d'une colonne de production (4) dans un puits de forage comprenant :
    au moins un générateur d'ultrasons (2) pour conditionner l'énergie électrique pour exciter une sonde d'énergie à ultrasons (3) ; et
    au moins une sonde d'énergie à ultrasons (3), qui,
    lorsqu'elle est excitée, convertit l'énergie électrique en énergie ultrasonore pour déloger les particules agglutinées,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend en outre au moins un dispositif de conversion (1), qui lors de l'application d'une tension ou d'une force de compression convertit l'énergie mécanique en l'énergie électrique et
    la tension ou la force de compression est appliquée à l'au moins un dispositif de conversion (1) par une seconde colonne (7) qui est insérée dans ou autour de la colonne de production (4) ou par un dispositif mécanique qui est inséré dans le puits de forage sur un câble non conducteur.
  2. Dispositif de nettoyage selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'au moins un dispositif de conversion (1) est un générateur piézoélectrique (1), qui est placé dans un élément mécanique ou logement à l'intérieur du puits de forage ou de la colonne de production insérée (4), de telle sorte que la force de tension ou de compression exercée sur la seconde colonne (7) ou le câble est transmise à l'élément.
  3. Dispositif de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel l'au moins un générateur d'ultrasons (2) et l'au moins un dispositif de conversion (1) sont placés dans une garniture (5) ou une crépine d'élimination du sable qui font partie de la colonne de production (4).
  4. Dispositif de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel l'au moins un générateur d'ultrasons (2) et l'au moins un dispositif de conversion (1) sont fixés sur un instrument inséré dans la colonne de production (4).
  5. Dispositif de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, dans lequel le générateur piézoélectrique (1) est un générateur monocouche, un générateur bicouche ou un générateur empilé et est fabriqué à partir d'un matériau choisi parmi la céramique, le quartz (SiO2), le titanate de baryum (BaTiO3), le niobate de lithium, le difluorure de polyvinylidène (PVDF) et le titano-zirconate de plomb (PZT).
  6. Dispositif de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, dans lequel le générateur piézoélectrique (1) est un support formant poutre simple ou un support en porte-à-faux.
  7. Dispositif de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel la force de tension ou de compression est appliquée à l'au moins un dispositif de conversion (1) en plaçant la seconde colonne (7) sous tension ou compression.
  8. Dispositif de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel le câble non conducteur est un câble à coulisse.
  9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel l'au moins un dispositif de conversion (1) est isolé des fluides et de la pression de fluide pour s'assurer qu'il ne s'active que lorsqu'on le souhaite.
  10. Procédé de production de pétrole brut et/ou de gaz à travers une colonne de production (4) dans un puits de forage de laquelle des particules agglutinées sont délogées au moyen du dispositif de nettoyage selon la revendication 1.
EP05757243A 2004-06-03 2005-06-03 Dispositif de nettoyage par ultrasons de fond de puits de forage Not-in-force EP1750930B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US57643204P 2004-06-03 2004-06-03
PCT/US2005/019474 WO2005120816A1 (fr) 2004-06-03 2005-06-03 Dispositif de nettoyage par ultrasons de fond de puits de forage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1750930A1 EP1750930A1 (fr) 2007-02-14
EP1750930B1 true EP1750930B1 (fr) 2010-09-29

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EP05757243A Not-in-force EP1750930B1 (fr) 2004-06-03 2005-06-03 Dispositif de nettoyage par ultrasons de fond de puits de forage

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US (1) US20050269078A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1750930B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE483094T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2566653C (fr)
DE (1) DE602005023855D1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20070029L (fr)
WO (1) WO2005120816A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
ATE483094T1 (de) 2010-10-15
CA2566653C (fr) 2013-01-15
EP1750930A1 (fr) 2007-02-14
DE602005023855D1 (de) 2010-11-11
US20050269078A1 (en) 2005-12-08
WO2005120816A1 (fr) 2005-12-22
CA2566653A1 (fr) 2005-12-22
NO20070029L (no) 2007-03-01

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