WO2016094681A1 - Procédé et système pour fournir des informations basées sur un emplacement améliorées pour des combinés téléphoniques sans fil - Google Patents

Procédé et système pour fournir des informations basées sur un emplacement améliorées pour des combinés téléphoniques sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016094681A1
WO2016094681A1 PCT/US2015/065035 US2015065035W WO2016094681A1 WO 2016094681 A1 WO2016094681 A1 WO 2016094681A1 US 2015065035 W US2015065035 W US 2015065035W WO 2016094681 A1 WO2016094681 A1 WO 2016094681A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
location
mobile device
information
received
location information
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/065035
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Clint Smith
Original Assignee
Rivada Research LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/823,244 external-priority patent/US9332386B2/en
Priority claimed from US14/963,989 external-priority patent/US9641978B2/en
Application filed by Rivada Research LLC filed Critical Rivada Research LLC
Publication of WO2016094681A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016094681A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H04W4/08—User group management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42—Determining position
    • G01S19/48—Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42—Determining position
    • G01S19/48—Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system
    • G01S19/49—Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system whereby the further system is an inertial position system, e.g. loosely-coupled
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0018—Transmission from mobile station to base station
    • G01S5/0036—Transmission from mobile station to base station of measured values, i.e. measurement on mobile and position calculation on base station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0257—Hybrid positioning
    • G01S5/0263—Hybrid positioning by combining or switching between positions derived from two or more separate positioning systems
    • G01S5/0264—Hybrid positioning by combining or switching between positions derived from two or more separate positioning systems at least one of the systems being a non-radio wave positioning system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0257—Hybrid positioning
    • G01S5/0268—Hybrid positioning by deriving positions from different combinations of signals or of estimated positions in a single positioning system
    • G01S5/02685—Hybrid positioning by deriving positions from different combinations of signals or of estimated positions in a single positioning system involving dead reckoning based on radio wave measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0284—Relative positioning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/023—Services making use of location information using mutual or relative location information between multiple location based services [LBS] targets or of distance thresholds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/20—Services signaling; Auxiliary data signalling, i.e. transmitting data via a non-traffic channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Definitions

  • the present application relates generally to a wireless mobile communication system, and more particularly to methods and systems that provide enhanced location information for wireless mobile devices.
  • Wireless communication technologies and mobile electronic devices have grown in popularity and use over the past several years.
  • mobile electronic devices have become more powerful and feature rich, and now commonly include global positioning system (GPS) receivers, sensors, and many other components for connecting users to friends, work, leisure activities and entertainment.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • mobile devices remain lacking in their ability to provide effective location based services, information, or communications.
  • generating enhanced location information for mobile devices is expected to become an important and challenging design criterion for mobile device manufactures and network engineers.
  • the methods and apparatuses of various embodiments provide devices, circuits and methods for precise location determination in multi-technology communications devices.
  • the various embodiments include methods of determining a location of a mobile device, including receiving, by a processor of the mobile device, first location
  • inforaiation from a plurality of other devices using the received first location information to determine an approximate location of the mobile device to a first level of accuracy, grouping the mobile device with one or more wireless transceivers in proximity to the mobile device to form a communication group, sending the determined approximate location to the one or more wireless transceivers in the communication group, receiving second location information from the one or more wireless transceivers in the
  • using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to the first level of accuracy may include determining the approximate location of the mobile device based on information received from less than three other devices.
  • using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to the first level of accuracy may include using the received first location information to compute a first location value
  • determining a first confidence value for the first location value determining whether the first confidence value is greater than or equal to one or more confidence values associated with one or more previously computed location values stored in memory, and selecting the first location value as the approximate location of the mobile device in response to determining that the first confidence value is greater than or equal to the one or more confidence values associated with the one or more previously computed location values stored in memory, and selecting a previously computed location value as the approximate location of the mobile device in response to determining that the first confidence value is not greater than or equal to the one or more confidence values associated with the one or more previously computed location values stored in memory.
  • using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to the first level of accuracy includes using the received first location information to compute a first location value, determining whether the mobile device is moving at a rate that is greater than or equal to a movement threshold value, selecting the first location value as the approximate location of the mobile device in response to determining that the mobile device is not moving at the rate that is greater than or equal to the movement threshold value, and computing an estimated future location value based on the rate and the received first location
  • the method may include using information collected from sensors on the mobile device to perform sensor fusion operations to generate sensor fusion results, and in which the operations of using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to the first level of accuracy and using the received second location information to determine the more precise location of the mobile device to the second level of accuracy include determining the approximate location and the more precise location based on the sensor fusion results.
  • using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to the first level of accuracy includes determining coordinate values, and determining a confidence value for the determined coordinate values.
  • the method may include sending information relating to the determined more precise location of the mobile device and the received location information to a server, receiving, on the mobile device, updated location information from the server, and re-computing the more precise location of the mobile device based on the updated location information received from the server.
  • the mobile device is connected to a first telecommunication network and the wireless transceiver is connected to a second telecommunication network
  • sending the determined approximate location to the one or more wireless transceivers in the communication group includes establishing a near field communication link between the mobile device and the wireless transceiver in response to grouping the mobile device with the one or more wireless transceivers to form the communication group, and sending the determined approximate location to the wireless transceiver via the established near field communication link.
  • receiving the second location information from the one or more wireless transceivers in the communication group in response to sending the determined approximate location includes receiving sensor information from a first wireless transceiver, and the received sensor information includes information collected from a first sensor in the first wireless transceiver, and a second sensor in a second wireless transceiver that is communicatively coupled to the first wireless transceiver.
  • the method may include performing dead reckoning operations to generate a dead reckoning location value, in which using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to a first level of accuracy includes determining the approximate location of the mobile device based on the dead reckoning location value and the received first location information.
  • the processor may be configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to the first level of accuracy includes determining the approximate location of the mobile device based on information received from less than three other devices.
  • the processor may be configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to the first level of accuracy includes using the received first location information to compute a first location value, determining a first confidence value for the first location value, determining whether the first confidence value is greater than or equal to one or more confidence values associated with one or more previously computed location values stored in memory, and selecting the first location value as the
  • the processor may be configured with processor- executable instructions to perform operations such that using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to the first level of accuracy includes using the received first location information to compute a first location value, determining whether the mobile device is moving at a rate that is greater than or equal to a movement threshold value, selecting the first location value as the approximate location of the mobile device in response to determining that the mobile device is not moving at the rate that is greater than or equal to the movement threshold value, and computing an estimated future location value based on the rate and the received first location information, and selecting the computed estimated future location as the approximate location of the mobile device in response to determining that the mobile device is moving at the rate that is greater than or equal to the movement threshold value.
  • the processor may be configured with processor- executable instructions to perform operations further including using information collected from sensors on the mobile device to perform sensor fusion operations to generate sensor fusion results.
  • the processor may be configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that the operations of using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to the first level of accuracy and using the received second location information to determine the more precise location of the mobile device to the second level of accuracy include determining the approximate location and the more precise location based on the sensor fusion results.
  • the processor may be configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further including sending information relating to the determined more precise location of the mobile device and the received location information to a server, receiving, on the mobile device, updated location information from the server, and re-computing the more precise location of the mobile device based on the updated location information received from the server.
  • the processor may be configured with processor- executable instructions to perform operations such that the mobile device is connected to a first telecommunication network and the wireless transceiver is connected to a second telecommunication network, and sending the determined approximate location to the one or more wireless transceivers in the communication group includes establishing a near field communication link between the mobile device and the wireless transceiver in response to grouping the mobile device with the one or more wireless transceivers to form the communication group, and sending the determined approximate location to the wireless transceiver via the established near field communication link.
  • the processor may be configured with processor- executable instructions to perform operations such that receiving the second location information from the one or more wireless transceivers in the communication group in response to sending the determined approximate location includes receiving sensor information from a first wireless transceiver, and the received sensor information includes information collected from a first sensor in the first wireless transceiver, and a second sensor in a second wireless transceiver that is communicatively coupled to the first wireless transceiver.
  • the processor may be configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further including performing dead reckoning operations to generate a dead reckoning location value, in which using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to a first level of accuracy includes determining the approximate location of the mobile device based on the dead reckoning location value and the received first location information.
  • the stored processor-executable instructions may be configured to cause a processor to perform operations such that using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to the first level of accuracy includes determining the approximate location of the mobile device based on information received from less than three other devices.
  • the stored processor-executable instructions may be configured to cause a processor to perform operations such that using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to the first level of accuracy includes using the received first location information to compute a first location value, determining a first confidence value for the first location value, determining whether the first confidence value is greater than or equal to one or more confidence values associated with one or more previously computed location values stored in memory, and selecting the first location value as the approximate location of the mobile device in response to determining that the first confidence value is greater than or equal to the one or more confidence values associated with the one or more previously computed location values stored in memory, and selecting a previously computed location value as the approximate location of the mobile device in response to determining that the first confidence value is not greater than or equal to the one or more confidence values associated with the one or more previously computed location values stored in memory.
  • the stored processor-executable instructions may be configured to cause a processor to perform operations such that using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to the first level of accuracy includes using the received first location information to compute a first location value, determining whether the mobile device is moving at a rate that is greater than or equal to a movement threshold value, selecting the first location value as the approximate location of the mobile device in response to determining that the mobile device is not moving at the rate that is greater than or equal to the movement threshold value, and computing an estimated future location value based on the rate and the received first location information, and selecting the computed estimated future location as the approximate location of the mobile device in response to determining that the mobile device is moving at the rate that is greater than or equal to the movement threshold value.
  • the stored processor-executable instructions may be configured to cause a processor to perform operations further including using information collected from sensors on the mobile device to perform sensor fusion operations to generate sensor fusion results.
  • the stored processor-executable instructions may be configured to cause a processor to perform operations such that the operations of using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to the first level of accuracy and using the received second location information to determine the more precise location of the mobile device to the second level of accuracy include determining the approximate location and the more precise location based on the sensor fusion results.
  • the stored processor-executable instructions may be configured to cause a processor to perform operations further including sending information relating to the determined more precise location of the mobile device and the received location information to a server, receiving, on the mobile device, updated location information from the server, and re-computing the more precise location of the mobile device based on the updated location information received from the server.
  • the stored processor-executable instructions may be configured to cause a processor to perform operations such that the mobile device is connected to a first telecommunication network and the wireless transceiver is connected to a second telecommunication network, and sending the determined approximate location to the one or more wireless transceivers in the communication group includes establishing a near field communication link between the mobile device and the wireless transceiver in response to grouping the mobile device with the one or more wireless transceivers to form the communication group, and sending the determined approximate location to the wireless transceiver via the established near field communication link.
  • the stored processor-executable instructions may be configured to cause a processor to perform operations such that receiving the second location information from the one or more wireless transceivers in the communication group in response to sending the determined approximate location includes receiving sensor information from a first wireless transceiver, and the received sensor information includes information collected from a first sensor in the first wireless transceiver, and a second sensor in a second wireless transceiver that is communicatively coupled to the first wireless transceiver.
  • the stored processor-executable instructions may be configured to cause a processor to perform operations further including performing dead reckoning operations to generate a dead reckoning location value, in which using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to a first level of accuracy includes determining the approximate location of the mobile device based on the dead reckoning location value and the received first location information.
  • FIG. 1 is a communication system block diagram illustrating network components of an example telecommunication system suitable for use in a mobile-device centric approach for determining the location of a mobile device in accordance with various embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 is a communication system block diagram illustrating network components of an example telecommunication system suitable for use in a network centric approach for determining the location of a mobile device in accordance with various embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 is an illustration of an example mobile device suitable for use in grouping with other mobile devices and computing precise location information in accordance with the various embodiments.
  • FIG. 4A is a communication system block diagram illustrating network components of an example LTE communication system suitable for use with various embodiments
  • FIG. 4B is a block diagram illustrating logical components, communication links and information flows in an embodiment communication system.
  • FIGs. 5A-5C are component block diagrams illustrating functional components, communication links, and information flows in an embodiment method of grouping mobile devices and sharing location information between grouped mobile devices.
  • FIG. 5D is a process flow diagram illustrating an embodiment mobile device method for grouping mobile devices and sharing location information between grouped mobile devices and the network to compute enhanced location information.
  • FIGs. 6A-6D are component block diagrams illustrating functional components, communication links, and information flows in an embodiment method for computing location information in which the grouped/paired mobile devices are updated with their respective location information.
  • FIG. 6E is a process flow diagram illustrating an embodiment system method of determining the location of two or more grouped mobile devices.
  • FIG. 6F is a process flow diagram illustrating an embodiment mobile device method of adjusting the update intervals in response to detecting a low battery condition.
  • FIG. 7 is a component block diagram illustrating functional components, communication links, and information flows in embodiment method of periodically scan for cells.
  • FIG. 8 is a process flow diagram illustrating an embodiment mobile device method for determining the location of a mobile device in a wireless network.
  • FIGs. 9A-9E are component block diagrams illustrating various logical and functional components, information flows and data suitable for use in various
  • FIG. 10 is a sequence diagram illustrating an embodiment hybrid lateration method by which mobile devices may gain access to the network.
  • FIG. 1 1 is a sequence diagram illustrating another embodiment hybrid lateration method in which a mobile device cannot locate a network due coverage problems.
  • FIGs. 12A-12C are component block diagrams illustrating functional components, communication links, and information flows in an embodiment method of transferring a connection from a local radio system to the small cell system.
  • FIGs. 13A-13C are component block diagrams illustrating functional components, communication links, and information flows in an embodiment method of identifying and responding to a distressed mobile device.
  • FIG. 14 is a component block diagrams illustrating functional components, communication links, and information flows in an embodiment method of performing dead reckoning grouping mobile devices in an ad-hoc scheme.
  • FIG. 15 is an illustration of an enhanced antenna that may be used with various embodiments to further improve positional accuracy.
  • FIG. 16A-B are illustrations of various enhanced antenna configurations that may be used with the various embodiments to further improve positional accuracy.
  • FIG. 17A-B are sectional diagrams illustrating strips of antenna patches that may be used in various embodiments.
  • FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram of antenna system suitable for use with various embodiments.
  • FIG. 19 is an illustration of an embodiment antenna array retrofitted into an existing cellular wireless network in accordance with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a component block diagram of a mobile device suitable for use with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 21 is a component block diagram of a server suitable for use with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 22 is a process flow diagram that illustrates an embodiment location-based method.
  • FIG. 23 is a process flow diagram that illustrates an embodiment location-based method in which a mobile device acts as a master.
  • FIG. 24 is a process flow diagram that illustrates an embodiment location-based method in which a mobile device acts as a slave
  • FIG. 25 is an illustration a device configured to provide Lat/Long and Altitude of a trusted or known location in accordance with an embodiment.
  • FIGs. 26 through 29 illustrate the sharing of information between mobile devices in accordance with various embodiments.
  • FIG. 30 is a process flow diagram that illustrates a method of determining the location of a mobile device acts in accordance with an embodiment.
  • mobile device cellular telephone
  • cell phone refers to any one or all of cellular telephones, smartphones, personal data assistants (PDA's), laptop computers, tablet computers, ultrabooks, palmtop computers, wireless electronic mail receivers, multimedia Internet enabled cellular telephones, wireless gaming controllers, and similar personal electronic devices which include a programmable processor, a memory and circuitry for sending and/or receiving wireless communication signals. While the various embodiments are particularly useful in mobile devices, such as cellular telephones, which have limited battery life, the embodiments are generally useful in any computing device that may be used to wirelessly communicate information.
  • wireless network may be a radio access point (e.g., a cell tower), which provides the radio link to the mobile device so that the mobile device can communicate with the core network.
  • radio access point e.g., a cell tower
  • a number of different cellular and mobile communication services and standards are available or contemplated in the future, all of which may implement and benefit from the various embodiments.
  • Such services and standards include, e.g., third generation partnership project (3 GPP), long term evolution (LTE) systems, third generation wireless mobile communication technology (3G), fourth generation wireless mobile
  • GSM global system for mobile communications
  • UMTS universal mobile telecommunications system
  • 3 GSM general packet radio service
  • GPRS general packet radio service
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • CDMA2000TM enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE), advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), digital AMPS (IS- 136/TDMA), evolution-data optimized (EV- DO), digital enhanced cordless telecommunications (DECT), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), wireless local area network (WLAN), public switched telephone network (PSTN), Wi-Fi Protected Access I & II (WPA, WPA2), Bluetooth®, integrated digital enhanced network (iden), and land mobile radio (LMR).
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • WPA, WPA2 Wi-Fi Protected Access I & II
  • Bluetooth® integrated digital enhanced network (iden), and land mobile radio (LMR).
  • LMR land mobile radio
  • solutions A number of different methods, technologies, solutions, and/or techniques (herein collectively “solutions”) are currently available for determining the location of mobile device, any or all of which may be implemented by, included in, and/or used by the various embodiments.
  • solutions include, e.g., global positioning system (GPS) based solutions, assisted GPS (A-GPS) solutions, and cell-based positioning solutions such as cell of origin (COO), time of arrival (TO A), observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA), advanced forward link trilateration (AFLT), and angle of arrival (AOA).
  • GPS global positioning system
  • A-GPS assisted GPS
  • COO cell of origin
  • TO A time of arrival
  • ODOA observed time difference of arrival
  • AFLT advanced forward link trilateration
  • AOA angle of arrival
  • such solutions may implemented in conjunction with one or more wireless communication technologies and/or networks, including wireless wide area networks (WWANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless personal area networks (WPANs), and other similar networks or technologies.
  • a WW AN may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) network, an OFDMA network, a 3 GPP LTE network, a WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) network, and so on.
  • the WPAN may be a Bluetooth network, an IEEE 802.15x network, and so on.
  • a WLAN may be an IEEE 802.1 lx network, and so on.
  • a CDMA network may implement one or more radio access technologies (RATs) such as CDMA2000, Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), and so on.
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • Various embodiments discussed herein may generate, compute, and/or make use of location information pertaining to one or more mobile devices. Such location information may be useful for providing and/or implementing a variety of location-based services, including emergency location services, commercial location services, internal location services, and lawful intercept location services.
  • emergency location services may include services relating to the provision of location and/or identification information to emergency service personal and/or emergency systems (e.g., to 91 1 system);
  • commercial location services may include any general or value-added service (e.g., asset tracking services, navigation services, location-based advertising services, etc);
  • internal location services may include services pertaining to the
  • wireless service provider network e.g., radio resource management services, message delivery services, paging services, call delivery services, services for providing position/location network enhancements, etc.
  • lawful intercept location services may include any service that provides public safety and/or law enforcement agencies with identification and/or location information pertaining to a mobile device or a mobile device user. While the various embodiments are particularly useful in
  • Modern mobile electronic devices typically include one or more geospatial positioning systems/components for determining the geographic location of the mobile device. Location information obtained by these geospatial systems may be used by location-aware mobile software applications (e.g., Google® Maps, Yelp®, Twitter® Places, "Find my Friends" on Apple®, etc.) to provide users with information regarding the mobile device's physical location at a given point in time.
  • location-based services and software applications have increased in popularity, and now enable mobile device users to navigate cities, read reviews of nearby restaurants and services, track assets or friends, obtain location-based safety advice, and/or take advantage of many other location-based services on their mobile devices.
  • the various embodiments overcome these and other limitations of existing solutions by collecting information from multiple mobile devices, generated more precise location information on or about one or more mobile devices, generating advanced three-dimensional location and position information on or about one or more mobile devices, and using the generated location/position information to provide mobile device users with more accurate, more powerful, and more reliable location based services.
  • One of the challenges associated with using geo-spatial positioning technology on a mobile device is that the mobile device's ability to acquire satellite signals and navigation data to calculate its geospatial location (called “performing a fix”) may be hindered when the mobile device is indoors, below grade, and/or when the satellites are obstructed (e.g., by tall buildings, etc.).
  • the presence of physical obstacles, such as metal beams or walls, may cause multipath interference and signal degradation of the wireless communication signals when the mobile device is indoors or in urban environments that include tall buildings or skyscrapers.
  • the mobile device may not have sufficient access to satellite communications (e.g., to a global positioning system satellite) to effectively ascertain the mobile device's current location.
  • satellite communications e.g., to a global positioning system satellite
  • the various embodiments include improved location determination solutions that determine the location of a mobile device at the level of position accuracy which is suitable for use in emergency location services, commercial location services, internal location services, and lawful intercept location services.
  • a mobile-device centric approach a mobile-device centric approach
  • a network centric approach a hybrid approach that may include aspects of both the mobile device centric approach and the network centric approach.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system 100 suitable for
  • the mobile device 102 may include a global positioning system (GPS) receiver in communication with multiple geo- spatial positioning and navigation satellites 1 10 and a base tower 104 of a communication network 106.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the mobile device 102 may receive (e.g., via the GPS receiver) radio signals emitted by the satellites 1 10, measure the time required for the signals to reach the mobile device 102, and use trilateration techniques to determine the geographical coordinates (e.g., latitude and longitude coordinates) of the mobile device 102.
  • the mobile device 102 may send the geographical coordinates to the communication network 106 at various times and/or in response to various conditions or events, such as upon initial acquisition with the communication network 106, in response to network-based requests, in response to third party requests, etc.
  • the communication network may be a cellular telephone network.
  • a typical cellular telephone network includes a plurality of cellular base stations 104 coupled to a network operations center 108, which operates to connect voice and data calls between mobile devices 102 (e.g., mobile phones) and other network destinations, such as via telephone land lines (e.g., a POTS network, not shown) and the Internet 1 14. Communications between the mobile devices 102 and the cellular telephone network 1 1 may be accomplished via two-way wireless communication links, such as 4G, 3G, CDMA, TDMA, and other cellular telephone communication
  • the network 106 may also include one or more servers 1 12 coupled to or within the network operations center 108 that provide connections to the Internet 1 14.
  • the mobile device 102 may be configured to
  • a radio access node which can include any wireless base station or radio access point such as LTE, CDMA2000/EVDO, WCDMA/HSPA, IS- 136, GSM, WiMax, WiFi, AMPS, DECT, TD-SCDMA, or TD-CDMA and switch, Land Mobile Radio (LMR) interoperability equipment, a satellite Fixed Service Satellite (FSS) for remote interconnection to the Internet and PSTN.
  • LMR Land Mobile Radio
  • FSS Satellite Fixed Service Satellite
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 200 suitable for
  • the mobile device 102 may include a circuitry for wirelessly sending and receiving radio signals.
  • the communication system 200 may include a plurality of radio access points 204, 206 having installed thereon additional radio equipment 208 for measuring the location of the mobile devices in the communication system.
  • the mobile device 102 may transmit radio signals for reception by one or more (e.g., typically three) radio access points 204, and the radio access points may receive the transmitted signals and measure the signal strength and/or radio energy of the received signals to identify the location of the mobile device 102.
  • the radio access points 204 may be configured to determine the location of the mobile device relative to a known location of a network component, such as the illustrated radio access point 206. In this manner, the additional radio equipment 208 installed on the radio access points 204, 206 provides the communication system 200 with similar functionality as is provided by a GPS receiver for signals received from the mobile device.
  • the radio equipment on one or more of the radio access points 204 may measure how long it takes for the radio signal to travel from the mobile device 102 to another radio access point 206, and using trilateration techniques (e.g., time of arrival, angle of arrival, or a combination thereof), the mobile device 102 or a network server 210 may estimate the location of the mobile device 102 to within an accuracy of 100 to 300 meters. Once the network has estimated the latitude and longitude
  • this information can be used to determine the geo- spatial location of the mobile device 102, which may be communicated to other systems, servers or components via the Internet 1 14.
  • Various embodiments may implement and/or make use of a hybrid approach for determining the location of mobile devices in a communication network, which may include aspects of both the device-centric and the network-centric approaches discussed above with reference to FIGs 1 and 2.
  • an embodiment may implement a hybrid approach in which the GPS capabilities of mobile devices, the measured signal strengths and/or radio energy of radio signals transmitted from the mobile devices, and known locations of network components are used in combination to estimate the locations of one or more mobile devices in a network.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates sample components of a mobile device in the form of a phone 102 that may be used with the various embodiments.
  • the phone 102 may include a speaker 304, user input elements 306, microphones 308, an antenna 312 for sending and receiving electromagnetic radiation, an electronic display 314, a processor 324, a memory 326 and other well known components of modern electronic devices.
  • the phone 102 may also include one or more sensors 310 for monitoring physical conditions (e.g., location, motion, acceleration, orientation, altitude, etc.).
  • the sensors may include any or all of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a magnetic compass, an altimeter, an odometer, and a pressure sensor.
  • the sensors may also include various bio-sensors (e.g., heart rate monitor, body temperature sensor, carbon sensor, oxygen sensor, etc.) for collecting information pertaining to environment and/or user conditions.
  • the sensors may also be external to the mobile device and paired or grouped to the mobile device via a wired or wireless connection (e.g., Bluetooth®, etc.).
  • the mobile device 102 may include two or more of the same type of sensor (e.g., two accelerometers, etc.).
  • the phone 102 may also include a GPS receiver 318 configured to receive GPS signals from GPS satellites to determine the geographic location of the phone 102.
  • the phone 102 may also include circuitry 320 for transmitting wireless signals to radio access points and/or other network components.
  • the phone 102 may further include other components/sensors 322 for determining the geographic position/location of the phone 102, such as components for determining the radio signal delays (e.g., with respect to cell-phone towers and/or cell sites), performing trilateration and/or multilateration operations, identifying proximity to known networks (e.g., Bluetooth® networks, WLAN networks, WiFi, etc.), and/or for implementing other known geographic location technologies.
  • known networks e.g., Bluetooth® networks, WLAN networks, WiFi, etc.
  • the phone 102 may also include a system acquisition function configured to access and use information contained in a subscriber identity module (SIM), universal subscriber identity module (USIM), and/or preferred roaming list (PRL) to, for example, determine the order in which listed frequencies or channels will be attempted when the phone 102 is to acquire/connect to a wireless network or system.
  • SIM subscriber identity module
  • USIM universal subscriber identity module
  • PRL preferred roaming list
  • the phone 102 may be configured to attempt to acquire network access (i.e., attempt to locate a channel or frequency with which it can access the
  • wireless/communication network at initial power-on and/or when a current channel or frequency is lost (which may occur for a variety of reasons).
  • the mobile device 102 may include pre-built in USIM, SIM, PRL or access point information.
  • the mobile device may be configured for first responders and/or public safety network by, for example, setting the incident radio system as the default and/or preferred communication system.
  • determining the specific location of a mobile device in a wireless network remains a challenging task for a variety of reasons, including the variability of environmental conditions in which mobile devices are often used by consumers, deficiencies in existing technologies for computing and/or measuring location information on mobile devices, and the lack of uniform standards. For example, there is currently no universally accepted standard for implementing or providing location-based services. As a result, mobile device designers and wireless network operators, in conjunction with local public safety and third party providers, are using a variety of inefficient, incoherent, and sometimes incompatible methods, technologies, solutions, and/or techniques to determine the location of a mobile device and/or to provide location based services.
  • the FCC requested cellular service providers upgrade their systems in two phases.
  • cellular service providers were to upgrade their systems so that emergency calls (e.g., 91 1 calls) are routed to the public service answering point (PSAP) closest to the cell-tower antenna with which the mobile device is connected, and so that PSAP call-takers can view the phone number of the mobile device and the location of the connecting cell-tower.
  • PSAP public service answering point
  • the location of the connecting cell-tower may be used to identify the general location of the mobile device within a 3-6 mile radius.
  • cellular service providers were to upgrade their systems so that PSAP call-takers could identify the location of the mobile device to within 300 meters.
  • wireless service providers have implemented a variety of technologies, and depending on the technology used, can generally identify the location of the mobile device to within 50-300 meters.
  • a network-based solution e.g., triangulation of nearby cell towers, etc.
  • the location of a mobile device can be determined within an accuracy of 100 meters 67% of the time, and to within an accuracy of 300 meters 95% of the time.
  • the location of the mobile device may be determined to within 50 meters 67% of the time, and to within 150 meters 95% of the time.
  • Existing phase I and II solutions are not adequate for generating location information having sufficient accuracy or detail for use in providing accurate, powerful, and reliable location based services.
  • Various embodiments may use some or all of the capabilities built into existing systems (e.g., as part of phase I and II upgrades, device- centric systems, network-centric systems, etc.), in conjunction with more advanced location determination techniques, to compute location information suitable for the advanced location based services demanded by today's consumers.
  • Most conventional location determination solutions use distance estimation techniques that are based on single-carrier signals, and one of the fundamental operations in ground-based (or network-centric) location determination solutions is timing estimation of a first-arrival path of a signal. That is, a single-carrier signal transmitted between a transceiver and a mobile device can be received via multiple paths (i.e., multipath), and the multiple paths of the signal can have different received powers and arrival times. The received signal may be cross-correlated to distinguish the multiple paths of the received signal.
  • the first-arrival path (e.g., first detected signal, strongest signal, etc.) is associated with the path traveling the shortest distance, and hence is the right value to use in estimating distance between the mobile device and the transceiver.
  • this first-arrival path is the strongest path due to zero or fewer reflections, relative to the other paths, between the transceiver and the mobile device.
  • the first-arrival time of the identified first-arrival path may be used in addition to other parameters (e.g., an estimated signal transmission time and/or a time offset between clocks of the transceiver and the mobile device, etc.) to estimate distance between a mobile device and a network component (e.g., another mobile device, a transceiver, an access point, a base station, etc.).
  • the first-arrival time may be estimated by the mobile device (e.g., based on the downlink received signal) or by the network component (e.g., based on an uplink received signal).
  • the location of the mobile device may also be determined by estimating the distance between the mobile device and a network component or other signal sources (e.g., a transceiver, ground or satellite-based signal sources, etc.). For example, the location of the mobile device may be determined by performing trilateration using estimated distances between multiple (e.g., three or more) transceivers and the mobile device.
  • a network component or other signal sources e.g., a transceiver, ground or satellite-based signal sources, etc.
  • the location of the mobile device may be determined by performing trilateration using estimated distances between multiple (e.g., three or more) transceivers and the mobile device.
  • Another location determination solution may include computing an observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) value by measuring the timing of signals received from three network components (e.g., mobile devices, transceivers, access points, etc.).
  • OTDA observed time difference of arrival
  • a mobile device may be configured to compute two hyperbolas based on a time difference of arrival between a reference transceiver signal and signals of two neighbor transceivers. The intersection of the computed hyperbolas may define a position on the surface of the earth that may be used by various embodiments to determine the location of the mobile device.
  • OTDOA solutions may be a function of the resolution of the time difference measurements and the geometry of the neighboring transceivers. As such, implementing an OTDOA solution may require determining the precise timing relationship between the neighboring transceivers. However, in existing asynchronous networks, this precise timing relationship may be difficult to ascertain.
  • location measurement units may be added throughout a deployment region of an asynchronous network to measure/compute timing information for one or more network components (e.g., transceivers) relative to a high quality timing reference signal.
  • a mobile device or an LMU may determine the observed time difference between frame timing of transceiver signals, and the observed time difference may be sent to the transceiver or -a radio network controller of the communication network to determine the location of the mobile device.
  • the location of the mobile device may also be determined based on the observed time difference and assistance data (e.g., position of the reference and neighbor transceivers) received from the communication network.
  • Another location determination solution may include computing an uplink-time difference of arrival (U-TDOA) based on network measurements of the time of arrival of a known signal sent from the mobile device and received at multiple (e.g., four or more) LMUs.
  • U-TDOA uplink-time difference of arrival
  • LMUs may be positioned in the geographic vicinity of the mobile device to accurately measure the time of arrival of known signal bursts, and the location of the mobile device may be determined using hyperbolic trilateration based on the known geographical coordinates of the LMUs and the measured time-of-arrival values.
  • a location determination solution based on multi-carrier signals may improve the accuracy of the computed location information by, for example, improving the accuracy of the timing estimation (e.g., by expanding the bandwidth of cellular signals).
  • Location determination solutions based on multiple carriers may be used in both the device-centric (e.g., mobile device- based) and network-centric (e.g., base station-based) approaches, and may be applied to both 3 GPP and 3GPP2 wireless communication technologies.
  • a mobile device may be configured to determine its geospatial location based on information collected from mobile device sensors (e.g. gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, pressure sensor, etc.), information received from other mobile devices, and information received from network components in a communication system.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates an example communication system within which the various embodiments may be implemented.
  • the mobile device 102 may be configured to send and receive communication signals to and from a network 406, and ultimately the Internet 1 14, using a variety of communication systems/technologies (e.g., GPRS, UMTS, LTE, cdmaOne, CDMA2000TM).
  • GPRS GPRS
  • UMTS Universal Mobile communications
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • cdmaOne Code Division Multiple Access 2000
  • LTE data transmitted from the wireless device 102 is received by a eNodeB (eNB) 404 and sent to a serving gateway (S-GW) 408 located within the core network 406.
  • the mobile device 102 or serving gateway 408 may also send signaling (control plane) information (e.g., information pertaining to security, authentication, etc.) to a mobility management entity (MME) 410.
  • signaling control plane
  • MME mobility management entity
  • the MME 410 may request user and subscription information from a home subscriber server (HSS) 412, perform various administrative tasks (e.g., user
  • the S-GW 408 may receive and store the information sent by the MME 410 (e.g., parameters of the IP bearer service, network internal routing information, etc.), generate data packets, and forward the data packets to a packet data network gateway (P-GW) 416.
  • the P-GW 416 may process and forward the packets to a policy and control enforcement function (PCEF) 414 which receives the packets and requests charging/control policies for the connection from a policy and charging rules function (PCRF) 415.
  • PCEF policy and control enforcement function
  • the PCRF 415 provides the PCEF 414 with policy rules that it enforces to control the bandwidth, the quality of service (QoS), and the characteristics of the data and services being communicated between the network (e.g., Internet, service network, etc.) and the mobile device 102.
  • the PCEF 414 may be a part of, or perform operations typically associated with, the P-GW 416. Detailed information about policy and charging enforcement function operations may be found in "3rd Generation Partnership Project Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects, Policy and Charging Control Architecture," TS 23.203, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the network 406 may also include an Evolved Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC) 418.
  • E-SMLC Evolved Serving Mobile Location Center
  • the E-SMLC 418 collects and maintains tracking information about the mobile device 102.
  • the E-SMLC 418 may be configured to provide location services via a lightweight presentation protocol (LLP), which supports the provision of application services on top of TCP/IP networks.
  • LLP lightweight presentation protocol
  • the E-SMLC 418 may send or receive (e.g., via LPP) almanac and/or assistance data to and from the MME 410 and/or eNB 404.
  • the E-SMLC 418 may also forward external or network initiated location service requests to the MME 410.
  • the mobile device 102 may receive information from the serving eNodeB 404 via System Information Blocks that includes the neighbor cells to scan that are on the same system using the same frequencies or different frequencies, Home eNB (HeNB), in addition to CDMA, GERAN and UTRA cells.
  • HeNB Home eNB
  • FIG. 4B illustrates logical components, communication links, and information flows in an embodiment communication system 450 suitable for use in determining the location of the mobile device.
  • the communication system 450 may include a network location based system 452, a core network 454, and a radio access network 456.
  • the communication system 450 may also include an application module 458, a position calculation module 460, a wireless grouping module 462, and a sensor data module 464, any or all of which may be included in a mobile device 102.
  • the application module 458 e.g., client software
  • the network location based system 452 (or another client attached to, or within, the core network 454) may request and receive location
  • the mobile device 102 may be configured to determine its geospatial location based on information collected from mobile device sensors (e.g. gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, pressure sensor, etc.), information received from other mobile devices, and information received from network components in a communication system.
  • the collection and reporting of sensor information may be controlled/performed by the sensor data module 464.
  • the application module 458 may retrieve/receive sensor information from the sensor data module 464 and send the sensor information to the position calculation module460 to compute the location of the mobile device locally for position updates and/or position augmentation.
  • the application module 458 may also send the computed location information to the network location based system 452 and or other mobile devices.
  • the mobile device 102 may be configured to determine its geospatial location based on information collected from other mobile devices.
  • two or more mobile devices may be organized into groups. Each mobile device may also share its location information with the other mobile devices with which the mobile device is grouped. For example, mobile devices may be configured to share their current location and/or position information (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, etc.) and an estimate of a distance between themselves and a target mobile device with other mobile devices in their group.
  • position information e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, etc.
  • the grouping of mobile devices may be controlled by the wireless grouping module 462.
  • the application module 458 may retrieve wireless group information (e.g., information pertaining to the locations of other mobile devices) from the wireless grouping module 462, and send the group information to the position calculation module 460 to perform local calculations for position updates and/or position augmentation.
  • the position calculation module 460 may perform the local calculations based on both sensor information received from the sensor data module 464 and group information received from the wireless grouping module 462.
  • the mobile device 102 may be configured to automatically share its location information with other mobile devices upon discovery of the other mobile devices.
  • Mobile devices may augment their location information (e.g., position coordinates) with information received from other mobile devices within same geographic location, and in a controlled pseudo ad-hoc environment. Since the shared location information (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, etc..) involves a relatively small amount of data, in an embodiment the mobile devices may receive such
  • the various embodiments may include an E-SMLC 418 component configured to send and receive location information (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, etc.) to and from the mobile devices, which may be achieved both on-net and off-net.
  • location information e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, etc.
  • the location information may be delivered in standard formats, such as those for cell-based or geographical co-ordinates, together with the estimated errors (uncertainty) of the location, position, altitude, and velocity of a mobile device and, if available, the positioning method (or the list of the methods) used to obtain the position estimate
  • 3GPP-LTE networks have standardized several reference signals. Various embodiments may use these reference signals for timing based location and positioning solutions. Such reference signals may include the primary and secondary synchronization signals and the cell specific reference signals.
  • two or more mobile devices may be organized into groups.
  • Mobile devices within the same group may be part of the same network, or may be associated with different networks and/or network technologies.
  • the mobile devices within the same group may also operate on different network operating systems (NOSs) and/or radio access networks (RANs).
  • NOSs network operating systems
  • RANs radio access networks
  • FIGs. 5A-5C illustrate functional components, communication links, and information flows in an embodiment method of grouping mobile devices and sharing location information between grouped mobile devices.
  • the mobile device 102 may scan the airwaves for predefined and/or preferred radio frequency carriers and/or systems with which the mobile device 102 may connect to the network. If the mobile device 102 does not find an appropriate network with which it may connect (or loses its connection) the mobile device 102 may scan the airwaves for other radio access systems (e.g., mobile network, radio access point associated with a mobile device, etc.) to acquire (i.e., connect to) until a connection to a network/Internet 510 is established. These operations may also be performed in the event of a dropped call or power interruption.
  • radio access systems e.g., mobile network, radio access point associated with a mobile device, etc.
  • the mobile device 102 may also begin acquiring GPS signals while scanning the airwaves for radio frequency carriers and/or systems. If the mobile device 102 cannot acquire GPS signals, a network component (not illustrated) may help determine the relative position of the mobile device 102 based on one or more of the location
  • the mobile device 102 may acquire (i.e., connect to) an appropriate radio access system, radio frequency carrier and/or system via the mobile device's system acquisition system.
  • the mobile device 102 establishes a connection to a network 510 via an eNodeB 404.
  • a network 510 via an eNodeB 404.
  • any or all of the communication technologies discussed above are contemplated and within the scope of the various embodiments.
  • the network 510 i.e., a component in the network such as a server
  • the network 510 will know the approximate location of the mobile device 102 (e.g., via one or more of the location determination solutions discussed above, such as proximity to base towers).
  • the mobile device 102 may compute its current location (e.g., via GPS and/or the location determination solutions discussed above), store the computations in a memory of the mobile device, and report its current location to the network 510.
  • the network 510 may also be informed of the locations of other mobile devices 502 and the proximity of the other mobile devices 502 to the recently acquired mobile device 102.
  • FIG. 5B illustrates that the network 510 may send instructions/commands to the mobile devices 102, 502 to cause the mobile devices 102, 502 to group with mobile devices 102, 502 and possibly others.
  • the network 510 may be configured to automatically group the mobile devices 102, 502 based on the proximity of the devices 102, 502 with respect to one another.
  • the network 510 may be configured to allow an incident command system (ICS) commander to group the devices.
  • ICS incident command system
  • the network 510 may be configured to allow the mobile devices to form groups based on their proximity to one another.
  • FIG. 5C illustrates that the mobile device 102 may pair/group with another mobile device 502 and/or establish communication links so that the mobile devices 102, 502 may share real-time relative location information with each other.
  • grouped/paired mobile devices 102 and 502 may identify their relative positions to each other by sending relative location information over the established communication links.
  • the relative location information may include time-to-arrival, angle-of-arrival, and existing or self-aware location information.
  • the mobile devices 102, 502 may be configured report sensor information to each other and/or the network 510.
  • the sensor information may include x, y, z coordinate information and velocity information.
  • the sensor information may be polled on a continuous basis, may be requested periodically, and/or made available on demand in response to network/system requests.
  • a mobile device 102, 502 may be configured to report sensor information in response to determining that there is a high likelihood that there has been change in a location of the mobile device 102, 502 (e.g., in response to detecting motion).
  • the mobile devices 102, 502 may also be configured collect and report sensor information to the network 510 in response to receiving an instruction/command from the network 510 (i.e., a component in the network such as a server or E-SLMC 418 illustrated in FIG. 4).
  • the network 10 (i.e., a component in the network) may be configured to receive the sensor and location information from the mobile devices 102, 502, and compute and store information about the distances (e.g., in time delay and angle of arrival with respect to the mobile devices 102, 502).
  • the reporting of sensor information may be based on local parameter settings.
  • the mobile devices 102, 502 may be configured to transmit sensor information when any of the measured parameters (e.g., x, y, z and velocity information) meet or exceed a threshold value (e.g., exceed a rate-of-change, meet a timeout limit), which may be identified by local parameter settings stored in a memory of the mobile devices 102, 502.
  • the mobile devices 102, 502 may be configured to re-compute and/or update their location information in response to determining that the measured parameters (e.g., x, y, and z coordinates and velocity information) meet or exceed a threshold value.
  • a mobile device 102 and/or the network 5 10 may be configured to compare collected sensor information to computed latitude and longitude coordinates, relative altitude information, and other available information to determine if there is a discrepancy between the collected/measured values and the expected values.
  • the mobile device 102 and/or network 510 may perform additional measurements to improve the location accuracy of the
  • FIG. 5D illustrates an embodiment mobile device method 550 for grouping mobile devices and sharing location information between grouped mobile devices and the network to compute enhanced location information.
  • the mobile device may scan the airwaves for predefined and/or W
  • the mobile device may begin acquiring GPS signals while scanning the airwaves for radio frequency carriers and/or systems. If the mobile device cannot acquire GPS signals, the mobile device or a network component may, as part of block 554, determine the relative position of the mobile device based on one or more of the location determination solutions discussed herein. In block 556, the mobile device may acquire (i.e., connect to) an appropriate radio access system, radio frequency carrier, system and/or network.
  • the mobile device may compute its current location (e.g., via GPS and/or the location determination solutions discussed above), store the computations in a memory, and report its current location to the network.
  • the mobile device may group with other mobile devices in response to receiving instructions/commands from a network component and/or in response to detecting that the other mobile devices are within a predefined proximity to the mobile device (i.e., within a threshold distance).
  • the mobile device may share its current location information, as well as information collected from sensors, with the grouped mobile devices.
  • the mobile device may receive location and/or sensor information from the grouped mobile devices.
  • the sensor information may include x, y, z coordinate information and velocity information.
  • the mobile device may identify the relative positions of the other mobile devices, which may be achieve by evaluating the location and sensor information received from the other mobile devices and/or via any or all of the location determination solutions discussed herein.
  • the mobile device may send the relative location information, its current location information, and/or sensor information to a network component and/or the other mobile devices, which may receive the sensor and location information and compute updated location information (e.g., based on distance in time delay and angle of arrival, relative altitude information, etc.).
  • the mobile device may receive updated location information from the network component and/or the other grouped mobile devices.
  • the mobile device may update its current location calculation and/or information based on the information received from the network component and/or the other grouped mobile devices. The operations of blocks 562-572 may be repeated until the desired level of precision is achieved for the location information.
  • FIGs. 6A-6D illustrate functional components, communication links, and information flows in an embodiment method for computing location information in which the grouped/paired mobile devices 102, 502 are updated with their respective location information.
  • FIG. 6A illustrates that the mobile device 102 may communicate with a serving eNodeB 404 to relay its location information to the network 510 and/or to receive location information from the network 510.
  • FIG. 6B illustrates that another mobile device 502 may also communicate with the serving eNodeB 404 to relay its location information to the network 510 and/or to receive location information from the network 510.
  • FIG. 6C illustrates that the grouped/paired mobile devices 102, 502 may
  • the mobile devices 102, 502 may then re-compute, refine, and/or update their current location calculations and/or location information based on information received from the other mobile devices 102, 502.
  • FIG. 6D illustrates that the grouped/paired mobile devices 102 and 502 may send their self-aware location information and/or relative location information to the network 510 (via the serving eNodeB 404), and receive updated location information from the network 510.
  • the mobile devices 102 and 502 may send their present W
  • the network may compute updated location information based on the received information (e.g., coordinates, sensor information, proximity information, etc.), and send the updated location information to the mobile devices 102, 502.
  • the mobile devices 102, 502 may then re-compute, refine, and/or update their current location calculations and/or location information based on information received from the network.
  • FIG. 6F illustrates an embodiment system method 650 of determining the location of two or more grouped mobile devices.
  • a first mobile device may send and/or receive current location information to and from a network component.
  • a second mobile device may send and/or receive current location information to and from a network component.
  • the first and second mobile devices may communicate with each other to determine the relative distances between each other, which may be achieved by communicating various types of information, including time- of-arrival, relative position with angle-of-arrival measurements, velocity, altitude, etc.
  • the first and/or second mobile devices may re-compute, refine, and/or update their current location calculations and/or location information based on information received from the other mobile devices and/or the network.
  • the first and/or second mobile devices may send their updated current location calculations and/or location information to the network component, which may receive the
  • the first and/or second mobile devices may receive updated location information from the network.
  • the operations in blocks 658-662 may be repeated until the desired level of precision is achieved for the location information.
  • the methods and operations discussed above with reference to FIGs 5A-5D and 6A-6E may also be performed such that they include more than two devices.
  • the mobile devices may be grouped into units of four (4) such that each mobile device may triangulate its position relative to the other mobile devices in the same group.
  • a mobile device 102 and/or a network component may store relative location information for all the mobile devices within each group, based on the type of grouping. For example, a network component may store relative location information for all the mobile devices grouped/paired by an incident command system (ICS) commander. Likewise, the network component may store relative location information for all the mobile devices grouped/paired based on their proximity to each another.
  • ICS incident command system
  • the mobile device 102 may be configured to detect a low battery condition, and initiate operations to conserve battery. For example, a mobile device 102 may be configured to turn off its radio and/or terminate or reduce its participation in the group/pairing information exchange. As another example, a mobile device 102 may be flagged or identified as having a low battery condition, and the other grouped/paired mobiles devices may be informed of the low battery situation so that update intervals may be adjusted to reduce battery consumption.
  • FIG. 6F illustrates an embodiment method 670 of adjusting the update intervals in a mobile device in response to detecting a low battery condition.
  • the mobile device may detect/determine that the amount of power remaining in the mobile device battery is below a predetermined threshold.
  • the mobile device may transmit a signal or otherwise inform grouped mobile devices of the detected low battery condition.
  • the mobile device may initiate operations to converse power, such as by turn off its radio and/or reducing its participation in exchanging information with grouped mobile devices.
  • the mobile device and/or the informed grouped mobile devices may adjust the update intervals with respect to the mobile device to reduce the load on the mobile device.
  • grouped mobile devices may share various types of information to improve the accuracy of the location determination calculations.
  • a comparison may be made for the path, range, between the mobile devices using any or all of the information available to the mobile devices (e.g., location coordinates, sensor information, proximity information, etc.). If the two mobile devices report relative positional information that is within a user or network defined range tolerance as being acceptable this information may be forwarded to the network. If the relative positional information is not within the user or network defined range tolerance, additional polling operations may be performed to improve the accuracy of the measurements or location information. The above- mentioned operations may be repeated until the desired level of accuracy is achieved. In an embodiment, the number of times the above-mentioned operations are repeated may be determined based on a user -definable values which can be set by the network, user or algorithm used.
  • a mobile device 102 may include two or more of the same type of sensor.
  • the mobile device 102 includes more than one of the same type of sensor (e.g., includes two accelerometers)
  • one of the sensors e.g., one of the two accelerometers
  • the values measures by each sensor may be compared, and if the difference between the values falls within a tolerance range, the values measured by the master sensor may be used to compute the sensor parameters (e.g., x, y, z, and velocity parameters).
  • the mobile device may use information collected from other sensors (of the same or different types) to determine if the values measured by the master sensor are consistent with expected values. For example, the mobile device may use information collected from various other types of sensors to compute sensor parameters (e.g., x, y, z, and velocity parameters), and compare the computed sensor parameters to similar sensor parameters computed based on the values measured on the master sensor to determine if the master sensor is functioning correctly. Values measured on the master sensor may also be compared to information stored in the network or other mobile devices to determine if the master sensor is functioning correctly. If it is determined that the master sensor is not functioning correctly, a secondary sensor may be designated as the master sensor. The previous master sensor may be demoted to standby status (i.e., for use if the primary sensor has a failure) and not used for immediate positional calculations.
  • sensor parameters e.g., x, y, z, and velocity parameters
  • the mobile devices may be asked to group/pair with more devices.
  • group/pair with may be restricted by user configuration, through the system, and/or user intervention so as to conserve battery and computational efforts (e.g., when the mobile device detects a low battery condition).
  • proximity grouping may be used in the x, y, and z
  • the mobile device may group with yet another mobile device in an ad-hoc fashion. If no mobile device is pairable with the mobile device, it may rely on its own geographic and/or and sensor information to report to the network.
  • the system may be configured so that an approval from the incident commander or user is required before the mobile is degrouped/depaired.
  • this may be achieved may transmitting a signal to a mobile device of the incident commander or user requesting approval, to which the incident commander or user may send a reply approving or disapproving of the request to degroup/depair.
  • the degrouping/depairing process may be transparent to the mobile device users.
  • the mobile device may send telemetry information pertaining to location services (and other telemetry information) to a grouped mobile device for relaying to the network.
  • polling for information may be performed once the network has lost communication with the mobile device.
  • Mobile devices that are known to be grouped to the mobile device may be instructed to communicate with the disconnected mobile even when it is trying to reacquire the network.
  • a logical sequence based on proximity, signal quality to the network, and/or battery strength may be used to determine which mobile device will be used as a relay for communicating with the network.
  • the relayed telemetry information may include more than just positional information.
  • the telemetry information may also include bio sensor and user bio information reporting on the environment and user conditions, including heart rate and temperature, CO, 02 and other sensor information.
  • the network may continuously measure/monitor the connected mobile devices. Knowing their location and relative location to each of the other mobile devices enables the network to continuously measure the uplink and downlink
  • a mobile device may be instructed to either handover to another radio access node for the same network and/or network technology, or be instructed to initiate to perform relay operations to relay communications though a defined mobile device as a secondary signal path.
  • the mobile device may attempt to acquire itself on another network. While the acquisition process is underway, a mobile device may act as a mesh device. Other mobile devices in the proximity group may also connect as a mesh network.
  • the mobile devices may utilize dead reckoning (also called deducted reckoning) techniques to compute updated location information.
  • Mobile devices may store the updated information for eventual relay to another mobile device which has network access or until one of the mobile devices or both devices have access to the initial network or another network and granted access to whether it is public or a private network.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates normal operating conditions in which a mobile device 102 will periodically scan for other cells 704, including its serving cell 903. If the radio access points are part of the network then the mobile device will report the identity and signaling information required by the existing network to determine (e.g., via triangulating and/or trilateration) the mobile device's location based on a network approach. If the mobile device detects a radio access point is not part of its preferred cell selection process, it may attempt to read the coordinates and positional information from the access point that is broadcast.
  • the mobile device may determine the timing difference and other requisite information to help determine its relative location and distance from the access point. This information may be related to the location system used by the mobile device to help refine its current location calculations. [0146] Additionally the mobile device may be configured to compare each cell read to its own coordinate and using bearing and time difference for all the cells it reads. The mobile device may then triangulate on its own position.
  • a software application on the distressed mobile device may be executed.
  • the software application may access an active neighbor list, read the overhead of each cell, and use that information to triangulate on the mobile device's own position.
  • the mobile device may also read the time offset for each of the cells.
  • the system begins to try and locate the distressed mobile's position with more precision an accuracy to assist First Responders with triangulating on the distressed mobile's position and sending the information to the incident commander and/or public service answering point (PSAP) with a relative distance to target indication that is updated on pre-defined intervals. If the mobile device has lost contact with the 91 1 center, PSAP then the last location is continuously displayed and any velocity information is also relayed to assist the first responders.
  • PSAP public service answering point
  • the mobile device 102 may be configured to send its location information to the network.
  • the mobile device 102 may be configured to automatically send its location information in response to detecting the emergency, or may provide the user with an option to send the location information.
  • the mobile device 102 may be configured to send its location information in response to a network initiated command.
  • Each mobile device may become an access point (AP).
  • the decision to be the access point may be periodically updated while still in communication with the network, or when no network is found.
  • each mobile device may act as a client, and on a pseudo random time interval, the mobile devices may become an access point and then a client.
  • the location based methodology may be the same for a frequency-division duplexing (FDD) and a time-division duplexing (TDD) system.
  • FDD frequency-division duplexing
  • TDD time-division duplexing
  • the mobile device may be configured to relay its telemetry information through another mobile device having network access.
  • all information sent via wireless communication links may be digital.
  • the information may be encrypted to a requisite advanced encryption standard (AES) standards level or the appropriate encryption level needed for the requisite communication system and access method used.
  • AES advanced encryption standard
  • the location based systems may utilize reactive or proactive based methods.
  • the mobile devices may utilize reactive or proactive based methods.
  • the mobile devices may utilize reactive location based methods.
  • the mobile devices may update their location information based on a set of predetermined event conditions using an algorithm.
  • the various embodiments may include both reactive and proactive aspects, taking the best of both approaches to enhance location accuracy and precision.
  • Various embodiments may include location determination solutions that utilize horizontal data (i.e., a set of reference points on the Earth's surface against which position measurements are made) and/or vertical data.
  • Horizontal data define the origin and orientation of the coordinate system and are prerequisites for referring a position relative to the Earth's surface.
  • Vertical data are based on geoids, which primarily serves as a basis to determine the height of a position relative to mean sea level for which the geoids act as a benchmark for origin and orientation.
  • Various embodiments may utilize horizontal and vertical data to provide/generate enhanced three dimensional location information.
  • the horizontal and vertical data can be global, national, local or custom depending on the locality and positioning reference system utilized.
  • Global data are used for initial position fixing if possible and are based on GPS coordinates.
  • Local data are based on a particular position on the surface of the earth, which allows for a non GPS based location based services to take place.
  • the various embodiments may use global data, local data, or both.
  • GPS may be used to help identify the initial positional fix, and may be augmented by dead reckoning and a hybrid trilateration solution that utilizes both network and terminal based positioning.
  • both local and global data may be used.
  • a hybrid lateration and trilateration solution includes a mobile device performing a measurement and sending it to the network, and a network component performing the location determination calculations.
  • the various embodiments include a hybrid lateration and trilateration solution in which the mobile device performs the location determination calculations, with and without the support of the network components.
  • Various embodiments may include sensor fusion operations in which a
  • the mobile device may include various sensors (e.g., accelerometer, gyros, magnetic compass, altimeters, odometers, etc.) capable of generating heading, orientation, distance traveled, and velocity as part of the sensor information collected on the mobile device.
  • sensors e.g., accelerometer, gyros, magnetic compass, altimeters, odometers, etc.
  • information collected from any or all the internal sensors may be used for improving location or positioning accuracy and/or confidence improvements.
  • Various embodiments may compute location information based on information from multiple sensors, with or without the aid of radio frequency propagation information.
  • the sensor fusion operations may include the sharing of telemetry including sensor data indicating relative movement of the individual mobile device, which enables temporal readings to assist in the location estimate, either with external assistance or dead reckoning.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment mobile device method 800 for determining the location of a mobile device in a wireless network.
  • a mobile device may determine its current location using any of the above mentioned location determination solutions.
  • the mobile device may share its location information with other grouped mobile devices and/or receive location information from other grouped mobile devices.
  • the mobile device may compute and send updated distance vector and sensor information to a network component for improved positional fix.
  • the mobile device may receive updated location information from the network component, and perform its own positional fix based on mobile data information received from the network.
  • the mobile device may update its location information and/or confirm its location information using dead reckoning to enhance positional accuracy.
  • Dead reckoning may provide the needed positional corrections as a local datum method for positioning when GPS or other network related positioning solutions are not available. Additionally dead reckoning may enhance the location position accuracy and precision calculations by providing additional horizontal and vertical datum comparisons.
  • the current position may be deduced (or extrapolated) from the last known position.
  • the dead reckoning accuracy requires a known starting point which either can be provided by the network, GPS, near field communication link, RF beacon, or via another mobile device.
  • a dead reckoning system may be dependent upon the accuracy of measured distance and heading, and the accuracy of the known origin.
  • error accumulation caused by sensor drift (i.e., differences or errors in values computed/collected from one or more sensors).
  • sensor drift i.e., differences or errors in values computed/collected from one or more sensors.
  • magnetic, accelerometers and gyroscopes are susceptible to sensor drift.
  • the error accumulation for any of the sensors may increase over undulating terrain, as compared to flat terrain. Bias error and step size error are leading contributors to dead reckoning errors.
  • Various embodiments may tightly couple the mobile device sensors and
  • any bias drift associated with the sensors may be address by utilizing a Kalman filter to reduce the errors from the primary and/or secondary sensors (e.g., gyroscopes).
  • the mobile device may be configured to include velocity computations as part of the location determination computations to account for position changes that occur.
  • the step size via velocity
  • compass bias errors may be estimated by an Enhanced Kalman Filter (EKF). Additionally if GPS is available, the compass may also be able to identify slow motion changes due to changes in magnetic inclination. The compass may be relied upon for motion computations in addition to that of accelerometers and gyroscopes, with and without the availability of GPS.
  • EKF Enhanced Kalman Filter
  • the mobile device may be configured to not only use its own internal sensors to compute the location/positional information, but may also communicate with other mobile devices to leverage their location/positional information to enhance its own location/positional information. In essence, the mobile devices may act as RF base stations, providing the lateration capability to improve the positional accuracy of other mobile devices.
  • a mobile device may be configured to poll one or more other mobile devices to gain a better positional fix on its location.
  • Mobile devices may be grouped together, either through assignment by the network or through the mobile device acquiring/detecting/connecting to other mobile devices (which may or may not be in the same network) as part of a discovery method for sharing location information.
  • Location information may be shared via the use of a near field communications system (e.g., Bluetooth®, ultrawideband, peanut radios, etc.), infrared, ultrasonic, and other similar technologies, such as via the use of WiFi.
  • the wireless communications may also be ad hoc or infrastructure based, or based on a TDD system, such as LTE, SD- CDMA, TD-CDMA, or any other TDD methods.
  • the mobile device may be configured to initiate the sharing of location/position information in response to receiving a network- driven grouping request from a network component.
  • the mobile device when it has lost contact with the network, it may attempt to find a suitable mobile device to help in its location determination computations, and for possible connection to the network (e.g., via a relay).
  • the mobile device may be configured to send a request for location information to another mobile device.
  • the request may be sent after the authentication process between mobile devices, and may include a time stamp which may be sub-seconds in size (milliseconds).
  • Another mobile device may respond with a message that also has its time stamp and when it received the time stamp from the initiating mobile device.
  • the time differences along with the x, y, and z coordinates may be compared with possible pulses or pings to establish an estimated distance vector between the devices.
  • a point-to-point fix may be established. This process may be repeated for all the mobile devices in a group that has been assigned or created by the mobile device itself. Having multiple distance vectors from other points to the mobile will enhance the positioning accuracy.
  • a mobile device may be configured to report back to the network location server the distance vectors it has found between different mobiles.
  • the other mobile devices also involved with the positioning enhancement may also report their distance vectors to the network to have their overall position accuracy improved as well.
  • the positional accuracy is meant to be done in incremental steps and the process will continue until no more positional improvements will be achievable.
  • the positional accuracy improvement threshold may be operator defined, and may be stored in a mobile device memory.
  • the hybrid lateration method may be used in various embodiments to augment the positioning accuracy and confidence for network based position request due to boundary changes or paging requests or other position/location triggered events.
  • FIGs. 9A-9E illustrate various logical components, information flows and data suitable for use in various embodiments.
  • FIG. 9A illustrates that mobile devices 901, 902, 903, and 904 are communicating with the wireless network via multiple cell sites/radio access points/eNodeBs 91 1.
  • the mobile devices 901, 902, 903, and 904 may compute a relative fix on their initial location using any of the location determination solutions discussed above.
  • a first mobile device 901 may be instructed to find and communicate with the other mobile devices 902, 903 and 904, and/or any or all of mobile devices 902, 903 and 904 may be instructed to communicate with the first mobile device 901.
  • the mobile devices 901, 902, 903, and 904 may be grouped together (e.g., via one of the grouping methods discussed above).
  • the network may also designate one of the mobile devices 901 (e.g., a mobile device having a high position confidence) to be used as the reference or beacon for the other mobile devices 902, 903, and 904 within the group of mobile devices 901, 902, 903, and 904.
  • one of the mobile devices 901 e.g., a mobile device having a high position confidence
  • FIG. 9B illustrates that a combination of circular and hyperbolic trilateration operations may be performed as part of an embodiment location determination solution. For example, if any of the coordinate data provided by the sensors and/or mobile devices is in latitude and longitudinal coordinates, it may be converted to Cartesian coordinates to facilitate a hybrid lateration calculation. In the example illustrated in FIG.
  • FIG. 9B illustrates that the mobile devices 901 has been designated as reference mobile device, reference number 912 identifies the position to be determined/computed (i.e., with a high level of accuracy) with respect to mobile device 901 , reference number 910 identifies a three dimensional sphere that encompass the mobile device 901, and reference number 914 identifies an area of the three dimensional sphere (with x, y, and z coordinates) within which the device exists.
  • FIG. 9C-9D illustrate that distance vectors may be computed between the mobile devices 901, 902, 903, and 904 as part of an embodiment location determination solution.
  • mobile 901 using the hybrid trilateration method determines a relative position with respect to mobile devices 902, 903, and 904 respectively.
  • reference numbers 915, 909, and 916 identify the relative areas of mobile devices 902, 903, and 904, respectively.
  • mobile devices 902, 903, and 904 may locate mobile device 901, and the mobile device 901 may compute a distance vector between itself and mobile devices 902, 903, and or 904.
  • the mobile device 901 may initiate communications with mobile device 902 (although mobile device 902 could initiate the communication) and exchange time stamps, positional information, sensor data. The same process may occur with respect to mobile devices 904 and 903, in which positional and sensor information is exchanged.
  • the mobile devices 902, 903, and 904 may establish a distance vector between themselves and mobile device 901. The same process may occur with respect to mobile devices 902, 903, and/or 904, in which positional and sensor information is exchanged. Where mobile device 902 undergoes the same process as that done with mobile device 901 as part of the hybrid trilateration process, mobile device 901 may use mobiles 902, 903, 904 to enhance it positional information and mobile device 902 may use mobiles 901, 903, and 904 to enhance its positional information, and so forth for all the mobile devices that are grouped together.
  • the three circles or ellipses 909, 915, and 916 illustrated in FIG. 9C and the three circles or ellipses 906, 907, and 908 illustrated in FIG. 9D do not intersect at a given point, but span an area of a particular size depending on the range involved.
  • FIG. 9E illustrates an embodiment hybrid trilateration method in which the position of mobile device 901 is validated or improved upon.
  • a separate calculation operation may be required for each x, y and z coordinates, in addition to accounting for velocity.
  • the ability to have three mobile devices 902, 903, and 904 locate mobile device 901 may present an error window (or an error area) for each coordinate plane represented by reference number 930.
  • the error window/area may be a combination of range errors from the mobile devices 902, 903, and 904.
  • reference number 921 is the hybrid range error associated with mobile device 902
  • reference number 922 is the hybrid range error associated with mobile device 903
  • reference number 923 is the hybrid range error associated with mobile device 904. Additionally this process can be done with less or more mobile devices than used in the above example.
  • the error area 930 is a combination of determining the range between the other mobile devices and mobile device 901.
  • the hyperbolic lateration is a typical calculation method used in location based systems and is based on the principal that the range between two locations is the same. However the range determined for the points may not be constant since both can be moving toward, away or together at a similar velocity and trajectory.
  • Included with the distance vector validation may be the fusion sensor information where expected position vector calculation may be included for the confidence interval.
  • An iterative process may be used for position improvement, which may include the use of a least squares calculation fit to approximate the position solution in a step wise basis. The process may continue until the range difference measured does not produce any noticeable accuracy improvement, which may be user-defined, either at the mobile device or network or both.
  • the multi-lateration calculations may include estimating a location of a mobile device based upon estimated distances to three or more measurement locations (i.e., locations of three other mobile devices or wireless transceivers).
  • dj is the estimated separation distance between a measurement location and the mobile device
  • Sj is the measured signal strength
  • SQ is the strength of the signal transmitted by the other mobile device.
  • the signal strength readings may be translated into distances using a path loss model, such as the following:
  • RSSIi a - cblog,o(di)
  • c is the pathloss slope with 20 being used for free space.
  • the lateration operations may include performing a least squares computation, which may accomplished by a processor calculating the following formula:
  • dj is the distance calculated based on a measured signal strength value
  • MS corresponds to the known location/position of the mobile device; and the minimization value of (x, y) is the estimated position of other mobile devices.
  • the velocity and acceleration of the mobile device with respect to the three or more reference locations may be determined along with the estimated distance from each reference location to the mobile device.
  • the estimated distances to three or more measurement locations i.e., locations of three other mobile devices or wireless transceivers
  • velocities, and acceleration calculations may have their components separated into a horizontal component set, a vertical component set, and an altitude component set respectively.
  • each of the component sets main contain the distance component, velocity component, and
  • an "x" component set may contain the distance x components, velocity x components, and acceleration x components associated with all reference locations.
  • Some embodiments may include executing a kalman filtering procedure on the component sets individually to produce an estimated position of the mobile device.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment hybrid lateration method 100 in which mobile devices may gain access to the network.
  • the mobile devices may be instructed to be grouped by the network.
  • Mobile devices 901 and 902 may initiate sharing of information for position location, either due to the network driven grouping request or when the mobile device has lost contact with the network and attempts to find a suitable mobile device to help in its position location and possible connection to the network via a relay or to another network.
  • Mobile device 901 may send a request for position information to mobile device 902.
  • the information may be sent after the authentication process between mobile devices, and may include a time stamp.
  • the time stamp may be sub seconds in size (e.g., milliseconds).
  • the mobile device 902 may respond with a message that also has a time stamp, and timing information pertaining to when the mobile device 902 received the time stamp from mobile device 901. Three messages may be transferred quickly to establish time synchronization.
  • the time differences may then be compared, along with possible pulses or pings, to establish an estimated distance vector between the mobile devices. Knowing the distance vector and the x, y, and z coordinates of both 901 and 902, a point-to-point fix may be established.
  • the mobile device 901 may then initiate communication with mobile devices 903, 904 and repeat the operations discussed above with respect to mobile device 902 for each of mobile device 903, 904. After obtaining two or more distance vectors along with positional information, the mobile device 901 may compare the new coordinates to its previously computed current location, and adjust the location computations accordingly.
  • the positional information distance vectors may be sent to the network for positional processing with other network positional information.
  • the network i.e., a component in the network, such as a network server or E-SMLC
  • the network may instruct the mobile device to adjust its positional information.
  • the mobile device 901 may also make a positional correction if the network does not respond in time, which may result in a message update time out.
  • the positional information may be used by another component and/or other mobile devices to perform the necessary corrections.
  • the error is greater than x% for a lower positional confidence level then no update is required. As the mobile receives other sensor data and more than a pre- described distance in any direction or a combined distance vector than the positional update process begins again. If the x% of positional confidence level is less than desired, additional positional updates may be made with the grouped mobile devices (e.g., iteratively) to improve the confidence level of the positional information. Additionally if the positional information from one of the mobile devices that is being attempted to obtain a distance vector appears to be in error, then that mobile devices data may be selected to not be used for this iterative step of performing positional updates with other grouped mobile devices.
  • FIG. 1 1 illustrates another embodiment hybrid lateration method 100 in which a mobile device cannot locate a network due to coverage problems.
  • the mobile device 901 may operate in an autonomous mode and attempt to locate another mobile device.
  • the other mobile device could be used to relay information to the network and possibly set up a near field communication bridge in addition to providing location enhancement capability.
  • mobile device 901 establishes a near field LAN inviting other mobile devices in proximity to communicate with it. Positional information can then be shared and the mobile device 901 can have its location improved and the positional information can be relayed back to the core network via another mobile device.
  • the mobile device 901 may also communicate its positional information and establish near field communication link with a mobile device that is not part of the home network associated with mobile device 901.
  • the mobile devices may have the USIM, SIM, PRL or access point information pre-built in.
  • the mobile device for first responders may have the incident radio system set as their preferred system, or in the case that the radio access system being used as a public safety network.
  • first responders For first responders to utilize a wireless mobile network (e.g., LTE) the position location information accuracy needs to improved for in building environments in addition to providing more accurate location information about where the mobile devices are actually located. Whether the mobile device is used by a first responder, commercial cellular user or a combination of both.
  • a wireless mobile network e.g., LTE
  • the positional location improvement for first responders may be helpful to improve situation awareness, improved telemetry and overall communication with the incident commander. Since all incidents for first responders tend to be fluid the ability to account for a dynamic environment of mobile devices will come into and out of the incident area. In addition the mobile devices proximity location to other mobile devices can and will change as the incident situation changes where resources are added and or reassigned as the need arises for operational requirements.
  • ICS communication system 1204 based on reported proximity of the mobile devices.
  • FIG. 12A illustrates that upon arriving at the incident scene, a mobile device 102 may recognize the existence of a local radio network 1202. If there is no ICS radio network 1204 with which the mobile device may connect, the mobile device 102 will continue to communicate via a commercial or other wireless network, 1202.
  • FIG. 12B illustrates that the mobile device 102 may determine that there is a valid local radio system 1202 with which it may communicate, and may have a priority access to small cell system 1204 a based on a preferred network and cell selection process the mobile device 102 has been instructed to use.
  • FIG. 12C illustrates that the mobile device 102 may transfer the connection from the local radio system 1202 to the small cell system 1204.
  • the location based process can be used to help in the search and rescue of the person.
  • FIG. 13 A illustrates that the mobile device 102 may be identified by the network as being in distress via network monitoring of the mobile device 102 or via the mobile device transmitting a distress signal.
  • the distressed mobile device 102 may determine that it has lost communication with the network, and may instruct the wearer/user to either disable or initiate a distress signal.
  • the mobile device 102 upon initiation of a distress signal, may begin a grouping process previously defined.
  • FIG. 13B illustrates that the network 510 to which the serving eNodeB 404 is connected to may instruct a mobile device 1302 in the same group as the distressed mobile device 102 to report the last known location of the mobile device 102 and time stamp.
  • FIG. 13C illustrates that the network 510 may instruct additional mobiles devices 1304 to attempt to group with the distressed mobile device 102.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates that when the mobile device 102 is unable to communicate with the network 510, it may been operating under a dead reckoning process and continue to attempt to locate other mobile devices 1402, 1404 and group with them under an ad-hoc scheme.
  • the relative location of the mobile device will be sent to all the mobile devices that are in active search for that mobile device.
  • the selection of which mobile devices will be searched may be determined by operator intervention and selection.
  • the various embodiments include methods, and mobile devices configured to implement the methods, of determining a location of a mobile device, which may include determining an approximate location of the mobile device, the determining an approximate location may include estimating or determining a location of the mobile device to a first level of accuracy, grouping the mobile device with a wireless transceiver (e.g., a second mobile device, etc.) that is in proximity to the mobile device to form a communication group, sending the determined approximate location of the mobile device to the wireless transceiver, receiving on the mobile device location information (e.g., a latitude coordinate, a longitude coordinate, an altitude coordinate, etc.) from the wireless transceiver, and determining a more precise location of the mobile device based on the location information received from the wireless transceiver.
  • the method may include grouping the mobile device with a plurality of wireless transceivers in proximity to the mobile device to form the communication group, and receiving location information from the plurality of wireless transceivers
  • the method may also include sending information relating to the determined more precise location of the mobile device and the received location information to a server, receiving updated location information from the server, and re-computing the more precise location of the mobile device based on the updated location information (i.e. the information received from the server).
  • a mobile device may be configured determine its current location using any of a number location determination solutions to produce a final location estimate, share its location information (i.e., the final location estimate) with other grouped mobile devices and/or receive location information from other grouped mobile devices, compute and send a final location estimate (and updated distance vector and sensor information) to a network component for an improved positional fix, receive updated location information from the network component, and perform its own positional fix based on mobile data information received from the network. The mobile device may then update its location information and/or confirm its location information using dead reckoning to enhance its positional accuracy.
  • Further embodiments include methods, and mobile computing devices configured to implement the methods, of providing an enhanced location based services.
  • the mobile computing device may be configured to determine an initial position, generate at least one set of local position information based on locally determined location information, receive location information from one or more external location tracking systems, generate at least one set of external position information based on the location
  • the mobile computing device may then use the final location estimation set to provide a location based service (e.g., an emergency location service, commercial location service, internal location service, lawful intercept location service, etc.).
  • a location based service e.g., an emergency location service, commercial location service, internal location service, lawful intercept location service, etc.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates an embodiment enhanced antenna scheme 1500 that may be used by wireless network operators or first responders to improve the positional accuracy for the mobile device.
  • the enhanced antenna scheme 1500 may include a radome 1515 that is curved over a series of patch antennas 1520. Several antennas 1520 may be used achieve better angle of arrival measurement.
  • the enhanced antenna scheme 1500 may include an array of antennas 1520 on flexible circuit boards so they can conform to the radome 1515.
  • FIG. 16A-B illustrate that the above mentioned enhanced antenna scheme 1500 may be implemented on a vehicle 1602.
  • FIG. 16A illustrates an enhanced antenna scheme 1500 that includes two antennas 1602 for this purpose.
  • FIG. 16B illustrates an enhanced antenna scheme 1500 that includes four antennas 1602 for this purpose.
  • Each antenna 1602 may include an array of antennas 1520 on flexible circuit boards so they can conform to the radome 1515.
  • FIG. 17A-B illustrate strips of antenna patches that may be used in various embodiments.
  • FIG. 17A illustrates two strips of antenna patches 1520 and 1521 next to each other in an antenna array (which may be on a flexible circuit board so they conform to a radome).
  • FIG. 17A illustrates two strips of antenna patches 1520 and 1521 next to each other in an antenna array (which may be on a flexible circuit board so they conform to a radome).
  • FIG. 17B is an illustration of a cross sectional view of the radome 1515 in which the antenna patches 1520 and 1521 of the antenna array are shown layered.
  • the antenna patch 1520 is closer to the outer radome cover 1515 than is antenna array 1521.
  • a fiber glass or a transparent RF medium 1522 may provide rigidity and enable the antennas to be closely spaced.
  • the antenna array may be cone shared using a flexible circuit design (for receive only configurations).
  • Envelope detectors may be used to determine which of the antenna patches are receiving the highest quality signal from the mobile device using an amplitude method for detection.
  • the detection and tracking of a mobile device may be controlled so that the measurements are in-synch with a eNodeB pulse request to the mobile device for positional information.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates an antenna array (1520 or 1521) in which the antenna system is connected to the normal antenna port on a receiver (e.g., eNodeB) 1525.
  • a receiver e.g., eNodeB
  • Each of the patch antennas may be matched to a 10 db coupler 1527 and configured to provide a port coupling to a receive patch detector 1530.
  • the receive patch detector 1530 may be configured to determine which patch antenna has the strongest signal, and based on the number of patch antennas and the distance calculation, another altitude measurement may be made by the mobile device.
  • the antenna array system may not be connected to the eNodeB receiver 1525 and control coordination may be provided by the E-SMLC for
  • FIG. 19 illustrates an embodiment antenna array 1523 retrofitted into an existing cellular wireless network.
  • the array 1523 may be installed in parallel to an existing antenna 1524.
  • a control mechanism that is the same as or similar to the control mechanism illustrated in FIG. 18 may used for the commercial applications.
  • FIG. 20 is a system block diagram of a mobile transceiver device in the form of a smartphone/cell phone 2000 suitable for use with any of the embodiments.
  • the cell phone 2000 may include a processor 2001 coupled to internal memory 2002, a display 2003, and to a speaker 2054. Additionally, the cell phone 2000 may include an antenna 2004 for sending and receiving electromagnetic radiation that may be connected to a wireless data link and/or cellular telephone transceiver 2005 coupled to the processor 2001.
  • Cell phones 2000 typically also include menu selection buttons or rocker switches 2008 for receiving user inputs.
  • a typical cell phone 2000 also includes a sound encoding/decoding (CODEC) circuit 2024 which digitizes sound received from a microphone into data packets suitable for wireless transmission and decodes received sound data packets to generate analog signals that are provided to the speaker 2054 to generate sound.
  • CODEC sound encoding/decoding
  • one or more of the processor 2001, wireless transceiver 2005 and CODEC 2024 may include a digital signal processor (DSP) circuit (not shown separately).
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the cell phone 2000 may further include a peanut or a ZigBee transceiver (i.e., an IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver) 2013 for low-power short-range communications between wireless devices, or other similar communication circuitry (e.g., circuitry implementing the Bluetooth® or WiFi protocols, etc.).
  • a server 2100 typically includes one or more processors 2101, 2102 coupled to volatile memory 2103 and a large capacity nonvolatile memory, such as a disk drive 2104.
  • the server 2100 may also include a floppy disc drive, compact disc (CD) or DVD disc drive 2106 coupled to the processor 2101.
  • the server 2100 may also include network access ports 2106 coupled to the processor 2101 for establishing data connections with a network 2105, such as a local area network coupled to other communication system computers and servers.
  • the processors 2001, 2101, and 2102 may be any programmable microprocessor, microcomputer or multiple processor chip or chips that can be configured by software instructions (applications) to perform a variety of functions, including the functions of the various embodiments described below.
  • multicore processors 2102 may be provided, such as one processor core dedicated to wireless communication functions and one processor core dedicated to running other applications.
  • software applications may be stored in the internal memory 2002, 2103, and 2104 before they are accessed and loaded into the processor 2001, 2101, and 2102.
  • the processor 2001, 2101, and 2102 may include internal memory sufficient to store the application software instructions.
  • the wireless device location determination techniques described herein may be implemented in conjunction with various wireless communication networks such as a wireless wide area network (WW AN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), and so on.
  • WWAN wireless wide area network
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WPAN wireless personal area network
  • a WWAN may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) network, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) network, an OFDMA network, a 3 GPP LTE network, a WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) network, and so on.
  • CDMA network may implement one or more radio access technologies (RATs) such as CDMA2000, Wideband-CDMA (W- CDMA), and so on.
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • CDMA2000 includes IS-95, IS-2000, and IS-856 standards.
  • W- CDMA is described in documents from a consortium named "3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP).
  • CDMA2000 is described in documents from a consortium named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2).
  • 3 GPP and 3GPP2 documents are publicly available.
  • a WLAN may be an IEEE 802.1 lx network
  • a WPAN may be a Bluetooth network, an IEEE 802.15x, or some other type of network.
  • the techniques may also be implemented in conjunction with any combination of WWAN, WLAN, and/or WPAN.
  • the various embodiments may include enhancements to the current location based service methodologies used for wireless mobile communications.
  • Determining the location of the mobile device in a wireless network is becoming more and more important in recent years both for commercial and public safety positioning applications. Services and applications based on accurate knowledge of the location of a mobile device are becoming more prevalent in the current and future wireless communication systems Additionally Public Safety is also embarking on the use of commercial cellular
  • LTE long term evolution
  • GPS provides a good estimate of the mobile devices current location under optimum conditions.
  • the network based solutions for determining the mobile devices location while good, has many problems with locating the mobile device within buildings and in urban areas.
  • the introduction of wireless network systems such as the third generation partnership project (3 GPP) long-term evolution (LTE) present new capabilities has the ability in the public safety band to provide excellent coverage in urban and indoor environments.
  • 3 GPP third generation partnership project
  • LTE long-term evolution
  • the ability to have the mobile device improve location specific information within a multiple story building, in an urban environment, or within a mall provides both network radio resource improvements and has unique advertising targeting capabilities as well as applications for improved fleet management, asset tracking, and various machine to machine communications applications where positional determination is required to be highly accurate.
  • the need for improved position location information accuracy is most needed for in-building environments where the location of the mobile device can be more accurately pin pointed for location based services.
  • this enhancement enables mobile devices which are in the same scene to help augment their position coordinates with each other in a controlled ad- hoc environment.
  • the positional information shared not only includes latitude and longitude but also altitude and velocity. Since this information involves a small amount of data the mobile devices can have the E-SMLC in the case of LTE share the
  • Positional location improvement enable improved situation awareness, improved telemetry, and improved overall communication with the incident commander.
  • the mobile devices proximity location to other mobile devices can and will change dynamically allowing for resources to be added and/or reassigned as the need arises for operational requirements.
  • the various embodiments include methods, and mobile computing devices configured to implement the methods, of determining a location of a mobile device.
  • the methods may include determining an approximate location of the mobile device, grouping the mobile device with a wireless transceiver in proximity to the mobile device to form a communication group, sending the determined approximate location of the mobile device to the wireless transceiver, receiving on the mobile device location information from the wireless transceiver, and determining a more precise location of the mobile device based on the location information received from the wireless transceiver, the more precise location of the mobile device may include determining the location of the mobile device to a second level of accuracy that is significantly greater (i.e., more precise or accurate) than the first level of accuracy.
  • the mobile device may estimate its position and/or generate a position estimate. It could be beneficial for these position estimates to include latitude, longitude and elevation information that is accurate to within one (1) meter (and many times greater than one meter accuracy).
  • the mobile device may be equipped with a "sensor fusion" system/module that is configured to use sensors of the mobile device to further improve its location position determinations, such as by allowing the device to better determining its approximate location and/or to generate a better position estimate.
  • a sensor fusion system/module that is configured to use sensors of the mobile device to further improve its location position determinations, such as by allowing the device to better determining its approximate location and/or to generate a better position estimate.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates an eLBS method 2200 that may be performed by processor in a mobile or wireless computing device to better determine its approximate location in accordance with an embodiment.
  • the wireless device may turn on (i.e., power on) and acquire service from a wireless service provider.
  • the wireless device may begin acquiring an initial positional fix, which may be accomplished by using GPS, CelllD, WiFi ID, enhanced LoranC, or any other positioning
  • the wireless device may also obtain its near term positional fix estimate from small cells used in interior locations or QC codes or RFID chips in block 2204.
  • determination block 2206 the wireless device may determine whether an additional reading or location information was received.
  • the wireless device may select a last known location fix (e.g., from memory) in block 2210.
  • the wireless device may determine whether the received reading/information is more accurate/has a higher confidence value than other readings stored in memory, and select the most accurate reading (or reading having the highest confidence rating/value) in block 2208.
  • the wireless device may use the selected location to establish a location based system (LBS) fix.
  • LBS location based system
  • the wireless device may perform trilateration operations (e.g., based on the received LBS information, dead reckoning information, etc.) to generate update eLBS position information, which may be stored in the location buffer in block 2216.
  • trilateration operations e.g., based on the received LBS information, dead reckoning information, etc.
  • the mobile device attempts to obtain its positional location, and based on the types of position location provided, determines a confidence level value for the positional information reported. If no responses are provided, the last location of the mobile device may be used for the initial positional fix. Once the initial fix is obtained (regardless of its accuracy), the wireless device may determine whether additional improvements are required and/or may be acquired. If positional improvements are required, including when a 91 1 call is placed, the wireless device may use its various sensors to provide a estimate of the position change that wireless device has and is going to make via dead reckoning.
  • FIG. 22 depicts one embodiment, in another embodiment, the mobile device can move from 2212 directly to trilateration with or without proceeding through dead reckoning method. Once a location has been buffered in the location buffer, and a location update is available, the mobile can send the LBS information to the requesting device, it can also then provide this information to the eLBS network Mode and continue from step 2218.
  • the sensors may be reliability
  • the update intervals for the various sensors may be adjusted based on the sensors response characteristics to prevent sensor saturation and improve response.
  • the accelerometer may be updated at 100Hz intervals while the manometer may be 15Hz intervals.
  • the difference in updates intervals may be included (or accounted for) in the dead reckoning position determinations.
  • this information may be passed to the trilateration portion of eLBS system (e.g., via a wireless transceiver, etc.).
  • the Trilateration portion may include inputs from the wireless devices reporting to the device as well as the dead reckoning calculations.
  • the sensor data from the dead reckoning calculations may include confidence intervals for the X, Y, and Z axis, which may be an individual and/or overall confidence of the position itself.
  • the triliateration portion of eLBS may perform calculations to determine the triangulation with regards to other wireless devices, both fixed and mobile.
  • Performing eLBS method 2200 improves the performance of the location-based solutions described above (e.g., with reference to FIGs. 1-20). For example, eLBS method 2200 intelligently determines whether to request additional positional
  • a device implementing the eLBS method 2200 may immediately request a position update, and this information may be sent/routed to the public service answering point (PSAP).
  • PSAP public service answering point
  • a mobile When a mobile requests a position update from other mobile devices, it may use the communication format illustrated in FIG. 23.
  • the actual format and communication medium can vary.
  • the initial position may be determined through the use of time of flight (TOF) via two message inquiries.
  • the RSSI may be read as well. By knowing the TOF and RSSI, the distance from the mobile device to the other mobile device can be better determined.
  • PN code as one possible method, will be used to generate an independent device ID when the device turns on. It is this device ID that will be used for subsequent communication. The device ID can and will change every time the wireless device is powered on.
  • the other mobile device will also provide known points, wireless way points which can be RFID/QC points or WiFi AP and any device providing its lat/long with a high confidence level.
  • FIG. 23 is a process flow diagram that illustrates relaying of an information request message. The number of hops in the path may also be reported. This relaying enables mobile devices that are not initially connected to the master mobile in this network to provide data back to it.
  • the eLBS for communication with other wireless devices will take on a "listen only" mode when an update is not needed. Or during the active exchange with other mobile devices will provide the information as shown in FIG. 24.
  • the mobile device acts as a master in the communication flow.
  • the mobile device acts as a slave.
  • Another device that could provide Lat/Long and Altitude of a trusted or known location would involve the inclusion of a RFID or QR Codes as shown in FIG. 25.
  • RFID/QR locations which when queried that provide a Lat/Long of the general position that it associated with. For instance a RFID chip can be located at the entrance to malls and stores or even street lamp poles used for providing a fixed location.
  • the QR/RFID device is queried by the wireless device.
  • the QR/RFID is queried using a Tag for the message and a time that the Time of Flight (TOF) for the message transponder began.
  • the QR/RFID responds with the transponded Tag, time along with Lat/Long and altitude of the QR/RFID device in addition to the device ID itself which can be a name or a street address.
  • the time stamp is meant to include the delay that is designed into the RFID/QR device.
  • a 3D position requires three points in space to achieve this. However it is often the case especially in a mobile environment that three wireless devices in the same proximity may not be available.
  • FIG. 26 illustrates the situation where there are only two mobile devices able to communicate with each other.
  • the communication exchange between wireless devices A and B includes both ranging and Dead Reckoning information.
  • the third required point may be B(t-l), B(t+1), A(t-2), A(t+1), or use any combination to obtain three high confidence values.
  • FIG. 27 is another example high lighting how two devices can provide three coordinate positions when one or both of the devices are in motion.
  • the location used for B (t+1) can also be used as a check for DR and other positional validations.
  • FIGs. 26 and 27 indicate another possibility and that is where the wireless device is able to estimate where it will be and provide that location
  • the sounding data i.e. ranging, say established with AB (-1,-1) and that provided in AB (0,0) provide two vectors. Those vectors can be adjusted based on DR information to account for the relative difference either for A or B or both.
  • the particular vector used will be determined based on the confidence interval that is provided in the initial calculation which then can be extrapolated.
  • FIG. 28 illustrated a similar concept as promoted in FIGs. 26 and 27 except three mobiles are involved.
  • the three mobile devices one of which is the target mobile
  • the possibility of having the three (3) required geodedic point/waypoints needed for positional location can produce a better positional fix by instead using previous or projected geodedic point/waypoints to obtain the three necessary positions required for trilateration.
  • the various position location information obtained uses a similar concept as promoted for FIGs. 26 and 27 with the exception that which position and vector used in the trilateration process will be determined based on the confidence interval chosen using three mobiles instead of two.
  • FIG. 29 is another example using four (4) mobiles.
  • the trilateration process can use these positions in the calculations
  • lower confidence positions can be substituted with higher confidence positions using previous positions reported or positions estimated for t+1.
  • FIG. 30 illustrates a method 3000 of determining a location of a mobile device in accordance with an embodiment.
  • Method 3000 may be performed by a processor in a mobile or wireless device.
  • the processor may receive first location information from a plurality of other devices (e.g., other wireless or mobile devices, etc.).
  • the processor may receive information from fewer than three devices in block 3002.
  • the processor may use the received first location
  • the approximate location may be a first value having a first level of accuracy, a first amount of detail, a first confidence, etc.
  • the approximate location may include coordinates (or coordinate values) and a confidence value that identifies the probability or likelihood that the coordinates are accurate (or that repeating the same calculation would result in substantially the same value, etc.).
  • the processor may be configured to determine the approximate location of the mobile device based on information received from less than three other devices, which may be accomplished by performing any or all the operations or techniques discussed above (e.g., with respect to FIGs. 22-29, etc.).
  • the processor may group the mobile device with one or more wireless transceivers in proximity to the mobile device to form a communication group.
  • the processor may send the determined approximate location to the one or more wireless transceivers in the communication group.
  • the processor may receive second location information from the one or more wireless transceivers in the communication group in response to sending the determined approximate location.
  • the processor may use the received second location information to determine a more precise location of the mobile device (e.g., a second value having a second level of accuracy or accuracy level, a second amount of detail, a second confidence, etc.).
  • the processor may send information relating to the determined more precise location of the mobile device and the received location information to a server.
  • the processor may receive updated location information from the server (e.g., in response to the sending the server the more precise location, etc.).
  • the processor may re-compute the more precise location of the mobile device based on the updated location information received from the server. The processor may then use the more precise location to provide a location based service.
  • the operations in block 3004 may include using the received first location information to compute a first location value, determining a first confidence value for the first location value, and determining whether the first confidence value is greater than or equal to (or exceeds) one or more confidence values associated with one or more previously computed location values stored in memory.
  • the processor may be configured to select/set the first location value as the approximate location of the mobile device in response to determining that the first confidence value is greater than or equal to the one or more confidence values associated with the one or more previously computed location values stored in memory.
  • the processor may also select a previously computed location value as the approximate location of the mobile device in response to determining that the first confidence value is not greater than or equal to the one or more confidence values associated with the one or more previously computed location values stored in memory.
  • the operations in block 3004 may include using the received first location information to compute a first location value, determining whether the mobile device is moving at a rate that is greater than or equal to a movement threshold value, selecting the first location value as the approximate location of the mobile device in response to determining that the mobile device is not moving at the rate that is greater than or equal to the movement threshold value, and computing an estimated future location value based on the rate and the received first location information, and selecting the computed estimated future location as the approximate location of the mobile device in response to determining that the mobile device is moving at the rate that is greater than or equal to the movement threshold value.
  • the processor may be configured to use information collected from sensors on the mobile device to perform sensor fusion operations and generate sensor fusion results (e.g., via the sensor fusion system/module discussed above). In these embodiments, the processor may also be configured to use the sensor fusion results to determine the approximate location in block 3004 and/or to determine the more precise information in block 3012. [0277] In an embodiment, the mobile device may be connected to a first
  • the wireless transceiver may be connected to a second telecommunication network, and sending the determined approximate location to the one or more wireless transceivers in the communication group may include establishing a near field communication link between the mobile device and the wireless transceiver (e.g., in response to grouping the mobile device with the one or more wireless
  • these operation may be accomplished by performing the operations illustrated in FIG. 24.
  • the processor may be configured so that receiving the second location information in block 3010 may include receiving sensor information from a first wireless transceiver.
  • the received sensor information may include information that is collected from a first sensor in the first wireless transceiver, and a second sensor in a second wireless transceiver that is communicatively coupled to the first wireless transceiver, or any or all of the sensor information discussed in this application.
  • the processor may be configured to perform dead reckoning operations (discussed above) to generate a dead reckoning location value, in which case using the received first location information to determine the approximate location of the mobile device to a first level of accuracy in block 3004 may include determining the approximate location of the mobile device based on the dead reckoning location value and the received first location information.
  • a wireless transceiver is generally assumed to be a network component such a base transceiver station or eNodeB, but in this specification, a wireless transceiver is understood to include any device with which a mobile device can establish wireless communications with. This can include, but is not limited to, cellular network components, WiFi devices, Bluetooth® devices, near field communication enabled devices and other mobile devices. As such, grouping a mobile device with a wireless transceiver includes grouping a mobile device with a second mobile device.
  • the hardware used to implement the various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but, in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a
  • computing devices e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • some blocks or methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function.
  • the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or code on a non-transitory computer-readable medium or non-transitory processor-readable medium. The steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be embodied in a processor-executable software module which may reside on a non-transitory computer-readable or processor- readable storage medium. Non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable storage media may be any storage media that may be accessed by a computer or a processor.
  • non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, FLASH memory, CD- ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that may be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a computer.
  • Disk and disc includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of non-transitory computer-readable and processor-readable media.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés, des dispositifs et des systèmes permettant de générer des informations d'emplacement améliorées sur ou concernant un dispositif mobile, qui peuvent consister à configurer un dispositif mobile pour recevoir des premières informations d'emplacement à partir d'une pluralité d'autres dispositifs, et à utiliser les premières informations d'emplacement reçues pour déterminer un emplacement approximatif du dispositif mobile à un premier niveau de précision. Le dispositif mobile peut ensuite se grouper lui-même avec un ou plusieurs émetteurs-récepteurs sans fil à proximité du dispositif mobile, et envoyer l'emplacement approximatif aux émetteurs-récepteurs sans fil dans le groupe de communication. En réponse, le dispositif mobile peut recevoir des secondes informations d'emplacement en provenance du ou des émetteurs-récepteurs sans fil dans le groupe de communication en réponse à l'envoi de l'emplacement approximatif déterminé, et utiliser les secondes informations d'emplacement reçues pour déterminer un emplacement plus précis du dispositif mobile à un second niveau de précision.
PCT/US2015/065035 2014-12-10 2015-12-10 Procédé et système pour fournir des informations basées sur un emplacement améliorées pour des combinés téléphoniques sans fil WO2016094681A1 (fr)

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US201462089937P 2014-12-10 2014-12-10
US62/089,937 2014-12-10
US14/823,244 US9332386B2 (en) 2011-08-18 2015-08-11 Method and system for providing enhanced location based information for wireless handsets
US14/823,244 2015-08-11
US14/950,595 US9344848B2 (en) 2011-08-18 2015-11-24 Method and system for providing enhanced location based information for wireless handsets
US14/950,595 2015-11-24
US14/963,989 2015-12-09
US14/963,989 US9641978B2 (en) 2011-08-18 2015-12-09 Method and system for providing enhanced location based information for wireless handsets

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