WO2016088959A1 - Système de production combinée de chaleur et d'énergie employant la gazéification de biomasse - Google Patents

Système de production combinée de chaleur et d'énergie employant la gazéification de biomasse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016088959A1
WO2016088959A1 PCT/KR2015/005980 KR2015005980W WO2016088959A1 WO 2016088959 A1 WO2016088959 A1 WO 2016088959A1 KR 2015005980 W KR2015005980 W KR 2015005980W WO 2016088959 A1 WO2016088959 A1 WO 2016088959A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
syngas
power generation
biomass
gasification
gasifier
Prior art date
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PCT/KR2015/005980
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
김종표
홍선일
손진국
이재구
홍성구
김명준
김의용
Original Assignee
삼양에코너지(주)
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Publication of WO2016088959A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016088959A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gasification cogeneration system using biomass, which will be described in more detail.
  • the synthesis gas is produced in a gasifier using a biomass raw material, and the synthesized gas apparatus is a high-quality purified gas refined through a purification apparatus.
  • the present invention relates to a gasification cogeneration system using a biomass developed to improve efficiency by organically treating waste heat generated and cooling of a device while enabling power generation.
  • the fuel that led to the industrialization was not the wood that has been used by humans for a long time, but the stronger firepower and the mass of coal that can be easily harvested. This is the important energy that can be used by humans after oil and natural gas. It has been a source.
  • biomass which is energy generated from recycling organic organic resources such as wood, such as wood, crops, algae, plankton, and biological waste, is a chemical fuel due to the irreversible consumption of resources and carbon dioxide accumulation.
  • This technology is being studied by being useful as a renewable resource in the future that can be used instead.
  • the gasification method of producing high quality fuel with high efficiency consisting of gas except combustion method or liquid bio oil has little emission of carbon dioxide when applied to power generation system and pollutants to outside. It is a very promising area to reduce emissions.
  • the present invention was developed to solve the above problems, the object of which is to develop a gasification cogeneration system using a biomass having a purification means so that the gas produced in the gasifier can be a better synthesis gas Is in.
  • the present invention is to develop a gasification cogeneration system using a biomass that can effectively recycle the heat of the exhaust gas generated from the power generation apparatus.
  • the present invention is to develop a gasification cogeneration system using a biomass that can process the contaminants or impurities generated in the process of the present application step by step.
  • the present invention provides a fuel supply device for inputting and supplying a raw material of biomass, a gasifier for producing a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane by gasifying the supplied biomass raw material, and synthesizing
  • a gasification power generation system including a blower for controlling the pressure and flow rate of the gas, a filter device for removing fine impurities, and a power generation device using an internal combustion engine using synthetic gas as a raw material;
  • a catalytic reactor for removing tar contained in the syngas using the catalyst as a catalyst from the gasifier, a bypass pipe for preventing the syngas from passing through the catalytic reactor, and a plurality of bypass pipes in parallel after being combined again.
  • a gas purification system having a plurality of cyclones branched into dogs to remove heavy tar and dust.
  • the present invention provides a better synthesis gas by treating contaminants or impurities contained in the synthesis gas step by step through a dry and wet gas purification device including a catalytic reactor, a cyclone, a scrubber, a water condenser, and a filter. It has the effect of increasing the power generation efficiency and reducing the emission of pollutants.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the operation of the gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the analysis of the composition of the synthesis gas according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing the operation of the oxidant circulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the operation of the cooling water circulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a conceptual view showing a wastewater treatment apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an operation of a gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart showing the composition of the synthesis gas composition according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the calorific value of the synthesis gas according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the oxidant circulation system and exhaust gas recycling system for improving energy efficiency in the biomass gasification cogeneration process is provided with a gas purification system for producing high quality synthesis gas, a cooling water circulation system.
  • Wood-based biomass and agricultural by-products such as wood chips, sawdust and rice husk are the main ingredients.
  • the configuration of the present invention is a fuel supply device 11 for inputting and supplying the raw material of biomass, the gasifier 12 for gasifying the supplied biomass raw material to produce a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, Gasification power generation comprising a blower 13 for controlling the pressure and flow rate of the synthesis gas, a filter device 14 for removing fine impurities, and a power generation device 15 using an internal combustion engine using the synthesis gas as a raw material.
  • the system 1 is a basic configuration.
  • the fuel supply device 11 of the present invention is preferably manufactured by dividing the fuel transport device and the storage device.
  • the fuel transport device uses a belt, a screw, a bucket elevator conveyor, and a gasifier for smooth supply of biomass fuel. (12) By interlocking the sensor and the Kenveyer in the upper portion to automatically stop and operate according to the amount of biomass fuel in the gasifier 12, it is preferable to enable the speed control through the frequency control.
  • the storage is also silo or containerized and uses the engine exhaust from the power generation system to dry the stored biomass fuel.
  • gasification of biomass produces a synthesis gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, and a drying zone (100-150 ° C.), a pyrolysis zone (500-600 ° C.) and oxidation It is divided into an area (1000 to 1100 ° C) and a reducing area (700 to 800 ° C).
  • a synthesis gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane
  • a drying zone 100-150 ° C.
  • a pyrolysis zone 500-600 ° C.
  • oxidation It is divided into an area (1000 to 1100 ° C) and a reducing area (700 to 800 ° C).
  • Blower (13) in the present invention is a device for controlling the pressure and flow rate in the gasification process to determine the gasification capacity and synthesis gas production, it is preferable to be able to adjust the pressure through the frequency control.
  • the filter device 14 is a device for removing the fine tar, dust, water, etc. remaining in the synthesis gas to have a two-stage parallel module form, in the case of the filter material sintered filter in the first stage, Teflon in the second stage Filters can be used to increase efficiency and bimass fuel can be used directly as a filter material.
  • the power generation device 15 is an apparatus for producing electric power, using an internal combustion engine (engine) that uses synthetic gas as a fuel, and enables to adjust the air-fuel ratio and compression ratio according to the synthesis gas composition ratio, and a storage tank (buffer) for storing the synthesis gas. Tank) and a combustion device for burning the syngas when not developed.
  • engine internal combustion engine
  • buffer storage tank
  • the present application is a configuration for obtaining a synthesis gas of a higher quality synthesis gas in the synthesis gas supplied from the gasifier 12 using a catalyst to the tar contained in the synthesis gas
  • the bypass pipe 22 to prevent the synthesis gas from passing through the catalytic reactor 21, and the bypass pipe 22 are combined again, branched into a plurality of pieces in parallel to remove heavy tar and dust.
  • a gas purification system 2 having a plurality of cyclones 23 to be removed was further provided.
  • Catalytic reactor 21 is a device for removing (modifying) the tar contained in the synthesis gas using a catalyst (Ni, Ru, Ca, etc.) can be used in the pellet type and monolith form, the catalytic reactor 21 In addition, since a large amount of tar decreases efficiency and hinders the flow of syngas during long time operation, a bypass pipe 22 is formed to prevent the gasifier 12 from passing through the catalytic reactor 21. This is preferred.
  • the cyclone 23 is a device that removes dust and heavy tar can reduce the differential pressure in the system when the parallel module method and can be selectively operated according to the capacity as well as improving the purification efficiency.
  • the gas purification system 2 in the present invention is to effectively filter out various contaminants while increasing the purification efficiency of the synthesis gas.
  • the present inventors conducted a gasification experiment and performed about 15 hours at a biomass fuel input amount of 15 tons / day.
  • syngas flow rate was about 1220m3 / h
  • syngas low calorific value was about 1085kcal / Nm3
  • cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion were about 65%, 86%
  • syngas purification efficiency and thermal energy efficiency were 84% and 61%, respectively.
  • the power output was up to 248kW.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an oxidant circulation system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the gas purification system 2 includes air and heat introduced from outside of the syngas having passed through a cyclone 23.
  • a first heat exchanger (31) for exchange for exchange, and heated air being supplied to the gasifier (12) to act as an oxidant.
  • the oxidizing agent is generally used to use air or steam, and in the present invention, the sensible heat of the syngas is recovered and supplied to the high temperature oxidizing agent.
  • the syngas production yield is increased to increase energy efficiency.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a cooling water circulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the syngas having passed through the first heat exchanger 31 sprays coolant into the scrubber 41 to remove fine tar. ) And a water condenser 42 for condensing and removing moisture by flowing cooling water to the surface;
  • Cooling water 43 for cooling the cooling water and then supplying it to the scrubber 41, the water condenser 42, and the power generator 15, and wastewater including fine tar mixed with water and separated from the scrubber 41.
  • Waste water treatment device 45 which separates the waste water into cooling water and sludge from the waste water via a second heat exchanger 44 which recovers the heat of the wastewater, and sends the cooling water to the cooling device 43, and the heat of the cooling water cooling the power generation device 15.
  • a cooling water circulation system (4) comprising a third heat exchanger (46) for sending the cooling water to the cooling device (43).
  • the scrubber 41 is a device that removes fine tar by spraying the coolant and is in the form of a parallel module.
  • the scrubber 41 is sprayed on the upper and middle sides of each scrubber 41 to increase the contact efficiency and the tar dew point. Is about 150 ⁇ 350 °C and in the scrubber of the present invention to lower to 50 °C or less.
  • the wastewater treatment device 45 is a device for treating wastewater from the scrubber 41 and is removed by a physicochemical treatment method, and the sludge generated in the treatment process is dried with engine exhaust gas by an exhaust gas recycling system to be described later, and then gasified fuel. It was configured to utilize as.
  • a syngas analysis and flow measurement system between the filter device 14 and the power generation device 15, which is composed of a gas analyzer and a flow measurement module, and composed of syngas (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, etc.). And the flow rate.
  • FIG. 8 is a conceptual view showing the operation of the exhaust gas recycling system according to an embodiment of the present invention, by sending the exhaust gas exhausted from the power generation device 15 to the fuel supply device 11 to dry the biomass raw material, a part It is further provided with an exhaust gas recycling system (5) sent to the sludge drying apparatus 51 for drying the sludge generated from the wastewater treatment device (45) to dry the sludge, which is sent back to the gasifier (12).
  • An embodiment is featured.
  • the high-temperature exhaust gas that is, the exhaust gas in the power generation device 15 may be utilized for drying the biomass raw material and drying the sludge, thereby maximizing energy efficiency.
  • FIG. 9 is a conceptual view showing a wastewater treatment apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the wastewater treatment apparatus 45 sequentially processes the wastewater passing through the second heat exchanger 44 with gravel having a particle size of 20 mm or less and sand of 5 mm or less.
  • the primary filter 451 to pass through, the waste water supply tank 452 to allow the waste water to stay, and the non-woven material contaminated water is discharged to the outside from the non-woven fabric to remove the tar of the particulate ( 453) and an activated carbon filter 454 for removing various contaminants, including tar, is provided.
  • it may include a flocculation tank and a precipitation tank using a flocculant depending on the concentration of waste water.
  • the contaminated water containing tar is generated in the scrubber 41, and after the waste heat recovery, the primary filter 451, the waste water supply tank 452, the supply pump 455, and the bag filter 453 consisting of gravel and sand filters. Injected into the wastewater treatment device 45 composed of an activated carbon filter (454).
  • the primary filter 451 composed of gravel and sand is used to remove the aggregated (lump) tar
  • the upper layer uses the gravel of 20 mm or less to smoothly discharge the contaminated water
  • the lower layer uses the sand of 5 mm or less. Increase the tar removal efficiency.
  • the primary filter 451 may vary the height of the filter layer according to the size of the device and the flow rate of contaminated water, the size of the gravel and sand may also vary in size depending on the tar concentration of the contaminated water.
  • the waste water supply tank 452 in the above embodiment serves to buffer the circulating flow and to retain contaminated water for a predetermined time to partially condense the atomized tar
  • the bag filter 453 is made of a nonwoven material.
  • the contaminated water is discharged from the inside of the nonwoven fabric to the outside and removes tar from the fine particles
  • the activated carbon filter 454 serves to remove tar particles remaining in the final filter and contaminants in an aqueous solution and at the same time, contaminated water.
  • having an acid can be neutralized through the activated carbon filter 454.
  • the present application is a small-scale distributed biomass gasification cogeneration system, and in the gasification reaction, the waste gas generated in the process is used to increase the gasification efficiency through biomass drying and high temperature oxidant (air) supply;
  • Dry and wet refining system consisting of catalytic reactor, cyclone module, scrubber module, water condenser, and filter device provides step-by-step treatment of contaminants or impurities (tar, dust, water, etc.) in syngas to improve purification efficiency and high quality synthesis.
  • contaminants or impurities tar, dust, water, etc.
  • the power generation unit uses an internal combustion engine suitable for small and medium-sized (1MW or less) to increase power generation efficiency and use waste gas generated from exhaust gas to dry sludge and tar generated in biomass fuel and process. Little;
  • the heat exchange system in each process can be recovered in the form of air and water according to the purpose of utilizing waste heat, and the cooling water can be circulated to suppress the discharge of pollutants to the outside and to prevent the waste of resources. It will be possible to secure technological competitiveness through problem response.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de production combinée de chaleur et d'énergie employant la gazéification de biomasse, comprenant : un système de gazéification et de production d'énergie comprenant un dispositif d'alimentation en combustible pour alimenter et fournir une matière première de biomasse, un gazéificateur gazéifiant la matière première de biomasse de façon à produire un gaz de synthèse consistant en hydrogène, monoxyde de carbone et méthane, une soufflante pour réguler la pression et le débit du gaz de synthèse, un dispositif de filtre pour éliminer les impuretés fines, et un dispositif de production d'énergie utilisant un moteur à combustion interne employant le gaz de synthèse en tant que matière première ; et un système de raffinage de gaz comprenant un réacteur catalytique pour éliminer, au moyen d'un catalyseur, le goudron contenu dans le gaz de synthèse issu du gazéifieur, une conduite de dérivation empêchant le gaz de synthèse de traverser le réacteur catalytique, et une pluralité de cyclones avec les canalisations de dérivation à nouveau combinées ensemble puis ramifiées en sortie, en parallèle, en une pluralité de parties de manière à éliminer les matériaux lourds.
PCT/KR2015/005980 2014-12-02 2015-06-15 Système de production combinée de chaleur et d'énergie employant la gazéification de biomasse WO2016088959A1 (fr)

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KR10-2014-0170653 2014-12-02
KR1020140170653A KR101527931B1 (ko) 2014-12-02 2014-12-02 바이오매스를 이용한 가스화 열병합발전 시스템

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CN115806839A (zh) * 2022-11-29 2023-03-17 华中科技大学 一种基于污泥和生物质协同气化的固废处理系统

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KR102235889B1 (ko) * 2019-05-20 2021-04-02 홍영기 바이오매스를 포함하는 가연성 재생 연료를 이용한 열분해 가스화 및 가스발전 시스템
KR102270905B1 (ko) * 2020-09-01 2021-06-29 권보성 캐슈넛 오일 정제 장치 및 방법
KR102646178B1 (ko) * 2021-11-19 2024-03-13 한국에너지기술연구원 가스화기의 지속적인 사용을 위해 우회 배관을 이용하는 가스화 시스템
KR102564465B1 (ko) * 2021-11-22 2023-08-09 한국에너지기술연구원 폐마스크 가스화 시스템

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN115806839B (zh) * 2022-11-29 2024-05-14 华中科技大学 一种基于污泥和生物质协同气化的固废处理系统

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