WO2016086880A1 - 风力发电机 - Google Patents

风力发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016086880A1
WO2016086880A1 PCT/CN2015/096312 CN2015096312W WO2016086880A1 WO 2016086880 A1 WO2016086880 A1 WO 2016086880A1 CN 2015096312 W CN2015096312 W CN 2015096312W WO 2016086880 A1 WO2016086880 A1 WO 2016086880A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind
drum
power generator
disposed
wind power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/096312
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王长波
Original Assignee
王长波
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 王长波 filed Critical 王长波
Publication of WO2016086880A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016086880A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/60—Control system actuates through
    • F05B2270/602—Control system actuates through electrical actuators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of generators, and in particular to a wind power generator.
  • Wind turbines are power machines that convert wind energy into mechanical work, also known as windmills. Broadly speaking, it is a thermal energy utilization engine that uses the sun as a heat source and the atmosphere as a working medium. Wind power uses natural energy. It is much better than diesel power generation. However, if it is used in an emergency, it is still not as good as a diesel generator. Wind power cannot be considered as a backup power source, but it can be used for a long time.
  • the principle of wind power generation is to use wind power to drive the rotation of the windmill blades, and then increase the speed of rotation through the speed increaser to promote the generator to generate electricity.
  • the current windmill technology about three meters per second of the breeze speed (the degree of breeze), you can start generating electricity.
  • Wind power has two types: horizontal axis wind power generation and vertical axis wind power generation.
  • the earliest vertical axis wind turbine generator is a circular arc-shaped double-blade structure ( ⁇ type or Darien).
  • the ⁇ -type vertical-axis wind turbine has a small wind receiving surface and a high starting wind speed, and has not been vigorously developed. Later, with the development of computer technology, H-type vertical axis wind turbines were produced.
  • the H-type vertical-axis wind turbine also has the problem of small wind receiving surface, and has the disadvantages of complicated design structure, difficult installation and construction, high cost, easy damage, and unsuitable for large-scale development.
  • a wind power generator including a drum, a disk slide, a blade, a transmission, a generator, and a main bracket;
  • the drum, the disc slide rail, the vane, the transmission device and the generator are all disposed on the main bracket;
  • the drum is rotatably connected to the main bracket;
  • the two ends of the drum are rotatably disposed with the disc slide rail;
  • the disc slide rail is disposed at a different center from the drum;
  • Two of the disc slides are arranged concentrically;
  • the blade is slidably disposed on the disc slide rail;
  • the drum is coupled to the generator through the transmission for transmitting a rotational force of the drum to the generator to cause the generator to generate electricity.
  • the blade includes a wind deflector and a connecting plate
  • the connecting plate is provided with at least three vertices, respectively being a first vertex, a second vertex and a third vertex;
  • the first vertex is slidably coupled to the disc slide rail
  • the second vertex and the third vertex are fixedly connected to the wind deflector
  • the second apex is rotatably coupled to the drum
  • the wind deflector is an arc plate.
  • the connecting plate is set as a triangle, one of the three vertices is slidably connected with the disk slide rail, and the other two vertices are connected to the two vertices of one end of the windshield, so that the connecting plate can drive the wind deflector along the circle
  • the disk slide rotates around the drum.
  • the diameter of the circular arc plate is the same as the diameter of the drum.
  • the wind deflector is arranged as a circular arc plate and has the same diameter as the diameter of the drum.
  • the outer wall of the wind deflector and the drum can be completely completed. Fit, reducing wind resistance.
  • the transmission device includes a rotating shaft, a driving gear and a driven gear;
  • the rotating shaft coaxially passes through the drum and is fixedly connected to the drum;
  • the driving gear is fixedly disposed at one end of the rotating shaft
  • the driven gear meshes with the driving gear
  • the driven gear is coaxially and fixedly disposed on a motor shaft of the generator.
  • the wind power generator further includes a wind device for adjusting a relative direction position of the disk slide rail and the drum;
  • the pair of wind devices are disposed on the main bracket and connected to the disc slide rail.
  • the disk slide can be adjusted when the wind direction changes, so that the maximum wind receiving surface of the blade is always perpendicular to the wind direction, thereby improving the utilization of the wind.
  • the wind device includes a wind direction sensor, a controller, an adjustment motor, and an adjustment device;
  • the wind direction sensor is disposed at an end of the windward device away from the main bracket;
  • the controller is connected to the wind direction sensor signal and is connected to the adjustment motor signal for receiving wind direction information of the wind direction sensor and transmitting work information to the adjustment motor;
  • the adjusting motor is connected to the adjusting device, for starting or closing an operating state of the adjusting device according to the information of the controller;
  • the adjustment device is fixedly coupled to the disc slide.
  • the wind direction device and the controller form a pair of wind devices, which can realize digital electronic control of the wind device, can control the disk slide rails more intuitively and effectively, and improve the utilization of the wind power.
  • the adjusting device comprises an adjustment gear, a circular rack and a turntable
  • the adjustment gear is coupled to the adjustment motor
  • the adjustment gear meshes with the circular rack
  • the circular rack is fixedly disposed on one side of the turntable, and can drive the turntable to rotate around a central axis of the turntable;
  • the turntable is fixedly disposed with the disc slide rail and disposed coaxially with the drum.
  • the structure is simple, the stability is good, the maintenance is convenient, and the cost is low.
  • the blades are 1-5 pieces.
  • the number of blades should not be too much. When the blades are too much, in order to ensure that they can completely fit the drum during the leeward, the width of the blades needs to be reduced, which reduces the wind-receiving area of the blades in the wind and reduces the wind. Utilization.
  • the blade is detachably coupled to the disc slide rail.
  • the blade and the disc slide are arranged as a detachable connection, and when the reverse rotation of the drum is required, the blade is removed, and the blade is inverted and mounted on the drum again. Increased flexibility in wind turbines.
  • the wind power generator further includes a base
  • the base is fixedly coupled to the main bracket for placing the main bracket and various components thereon.
  • the other components on the entire wind turbine can be fixed to the ground through the base, so that the wind turbine can be more stable during the work.
  • the wind power generator provided by the invention rotates the blade around the center of the drum through the disc slides disposed at different centers of the drum, so that the distance of the blade from the center of the drum during the rotation process is sinusoidal, which changes the blade acceptance.
  • the area of the wind surface also increases the resistance of the blade to the wind, increases the rotational speed of the drum, and further improves the utilization of wind energy.
  • the invention realizes the increase of the wind receiving surface of the blade by providing the disk slide rail on the drum, has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, easy maintenance and low cost, and can be used for large-scale development.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a blade of a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the working state of four blades of the wind power generator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a single blade of a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the installation structure of the windward device of the wind power generator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a windward device of a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • Adjustment device 23 Adjustment gear 24: Round rack
  • connection is disassembled or connected integrally; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention provides a wind power generator comprising a drum 5, a disk slide 3, a blade 4, a transmission, a generator 8 and a main support 1;
  • the drum 5, the disc slide 3, the blade 4, the transmission device and the generator 8 are all disposed on the main bracket 1;
  • the drum 5 is rotatably connected to the main bracket 1;
  • the drum 5 is rotatably disposed at both ends of the drum 5;
  • the disc slide 3 is disposed at a different center from the drum 5;
  • Two disc slides 3 are arranged concentrically;
  • the blade 4 is slidably disposed on the disc slide 3;
  • the drum 5 is coupled to the generator 8 via a transmission for transmitting the rotational force of the drum 5 to the generator 8, causing the generator 8 to generate electricity.
  • the blade 4 is connected to the two disk slides 3 (one each of the upper and lower sides) at an eccentric position with the drum 5, so that it can be circularly moved around the drum 5, thereby enabling automatic opening and closing control of the blade 4.
  • the disk slide 3 may be a circular track or an elliptical track, or may be a track of other shapes as long as the blade 4 can be rotated about the drum 5.
  • the blade 4 can increase the wind receiving surface on one side and the wind resistance on the other side, thereby greatly improving the utilization of the wind power and maximizing the power generation efficiency of the wind power generator.
  • the blade 4 includes a wind deflector 11 and a connecting plate 10;
  • the connecting plate 10 is provided with at least three vertices, respectively a first vertex 12, a second vertex 13 and a third vertex 14;
  • the first vertex 12 is slidably coupled to the disc slide 3;
  • the second apex 13 and the third apex 14 are fixedly connected to the wind deflector 11;
  • the second apex 13 is rotatably connected to the drum 5;
  • the windshield 11 is an arcuate plate.
  • the connecting plate 10 is set as a triangle, one of the three vertices is slidably connected with the disk slide 3, and the other two vertices are connected to the two vertices of one end of the windshield 11 so that the connecting plate 10 can be driven.
  • the wind plate 11 rotates around the drum 5 along the disk slide 3.
  • the first vertex 12 is connected to the disc slide 3, and the second vertex 13 and the third vertex 14 are fixedly connected to the wind deflector 11, and when the vane 4 is rotated, the second vertex 13 is also connected to the drum 5.
  • the wind receiving area of the wind deflector 11 is maximized.
  • the purpose of the connecting plate 10 is not only to connect the disc slide rail 3 and the wind deflector 11, but also to form a funnel-shaped shape together with the drum 5 and the wind deflector 11 when the vane 4 is opened, without causing wind from the drum 5 and the vane The gap between the 4 is leaked, thereby increasing the wind pressure of the blade 4.
  • the connecting plate 10 is an equilateral triangle, that is, when the wind deflector 11 is in the windward area, the wind receiving surface is the largest.
  • the connecting plate 10 may be a triangle, but is not limited to a triangle, and may also be other shapes, such as a quadrangle, a pentagon, etc., or even an irregular shape, as long as there are three different vertices, which can respectively be combined with a circle.
  • the disk slide rail 3 and the blade 4 are connected.
  • the diameter of the circular arc plate is the same as the diameter of the drum 5.
  • the wind deflector 11 is provided as a circular arc plate and has the same diameter as that of the drum 5. When the wind deflector 11 is rotated to the position where the center of the disc slide 3 is farthest from the windshield 11, the wind deflector can be made 11 completely fits the outer wall of the drum 5, reducing the wind resistance.
  • the transmission device comprises a rotating shaft 2, a driving gear 6 and a driven gear 7;
  • the rotating shaft 2 coaxially passes through the drum 5 and is fixedly connected with the drum 5;
  • the driving gear 6 is fixedly disposed at one end of the rotating shaft 2;
  • the driven gear 7 meshes with the driving gear 6;
  • the driven gear 7 is coaxially and fixedly disposed on the motor shaft of the generator 8.
  • the rotational force of the drum 5 is directly and timely transmitted to the generator 8 through the gear shaft through the rotating shaft 2, the driving gear 6, and the driven gear 7, thereby providing the generator 8 with the power required for power generation.
  • the rotating shaft 2 When the drum 5 rolls, the rotating shaft 2 is rotated together, thereby driving the driving gear 6 disposed at one end of the rotating shaft 2 to rotate, and since the driven gear 7 meshes with the driving gear 6, the belt can be brought
  • the driven gear 7 rotates in the reverse direction, and the driven gear 7 is fixed and coaxially disposed on the motor shaft of the generator 8, thereby providing the generator 8 with rotational power to enable the generator 8 to generate electricity.
  • the wind power generator further includes a wind device for adjusting a relative direction position of the disk slide rail 3 and the drum 5;
  • the wind device is disposed on the main bracket 1 and connected to the disc slide 3.
  • the disk slide rail 3 can be adjusted when the wind direction changes, so that the maximum wind receiving surface of the blade 4 is always perpendicular to the wind direction, thereby improving the utilization rate of the wind.
  • the wind device is disposed on the main bracket 1 and disposed at an end opposite to the generator 8, which can avoid the interference of the generator 8 and the wind device during operation, thereby improving work efficiency.
  • the wind device includes a wind direction sensor 19, a controller 21, an adjustment motor 20, and an adjustment device 22;
  • the wind direction sensor 19 is disposed at an end of the wind device away from the main bracket 1;
  • the controller 21 is connected to the wind direction sensor 19 and is in signal connection with the adjustment motor 20 for receiving the wind direction information of the wind direction sensor 19 and transmitting the work information to the adjustment motor 20;
  • the adjusting motor 20 is connected to the adjusting device 22 for starting or closing the working state of the adjusting device 22 according to the information of the controller 21;
  • the adjustment device 22 is fixedly connected to the disc slide 3.
  • the wind direction sensor 19 and the controller 21 form a pair of wind devices, which can realize digital electronic control of the wind device, and can control the disk slide rail 3 more intuitively and effectively, thereby improving the utilization rate of the wind.
  • the adjusting device 22 includes an adjusting gear 23, a circular rack 24 and a turntable 25;
  • the adjustment gear 23 is connected to the adjustment motor 20;
  • the adjustment gear 23 meshes with the circular rack 24;
  • the circular rack 24 is fixedly disposed on one side of the turntable 25, and can drive the turntable 25 to rotate around the central axis of the turntable 25;
  • the turntable 25 is fixedly disposed with the disc slide 3 and is disposed coaxially with the drum 5.
  • the principle of operation of the pair of wind devices is that the wind direction sensor 19 transmits a signal to the controller 21, and the controller 21 sends a command to the adjustment motor 20 to rotate the turntable 25 by adjusting the rotation of the motor 20 to make the center of the turntable 25 and the disk slide.
  • the vertical direction of the line of the center of 3 is aligned with the direction of the wind, so that the wind deflector 11 of the blade 4 is aligned with the wind direction to maximize the utilization of wind energy.
  • the blades 4 are 1-5 sheets.
  • the number of the blades 4 is not excessive, and when the blades 4 are excessive, in order to ensure that they can completely conform to the drum 5 when leeward, it is necessary to reduce the width of the blades 4, thereby reducing the wind of the blades 4 in the windward direction.
  • the area reduces the utilization of wind power.
  • the blade 4 is detachably connected to the disc slide 3.
  • the blade 4 and the disk slide 3 are provided in a detachable connection.
  • the blade 4 is removed, and the blade 4 is placed upside down on the drum 5 again. Increased flexibility in wind turbines.
  • the wind power generator further includes a base 9;
  • the base 9 is fixedly coupled to the main bracket 1 for placing the main bracket 1 and the components thereon.
  • the base 9 is disposed at one end of the generator 8, and since the generator 8 is relatively heavy relative to the wind device, it can make the wind turbine more stable at the lower end.
  • the invention can also be understood in this way.
  • the main structure thereof includes a drum 5, a blade 4, a disk slide 3, a driving gear 6, a driven gear 7, a generator 8, a main bracket 1, a base 9, and a rotating shaft 2.
  • the second apex 13 of the blade 4 abuts against the drum 5, and the first apex 12 is circularly moved around the disk slide 3 which is eccentrically arranged with the drum 5, so that the automatic opening and closing control of the blade 4 can be realized.
  • the number of the blades 4 can be increased or decreased according to the needs of the geographical environment, and is preferably about 1 to 5 pieces, that is, 1 piece, 2 pieces, 3 pieces, 4 pieces, and 5 pieces. If the rotation of the drum is reversed in the opposite direction, the assembly of the drum 5 including the blade 4 can be reversed.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 The working efficiency of the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the blade 4 is opened to the maximum on the windward side, and the main power wind zone 15 and the secondary power wind zone 16 in FIG. 3 are both the wind receiving faces of the blades 4, and the wind power.
  • the generator generates power by the wind receiving surface.
  • the blade 4 is completely closed on the leeward side, and the area indicated by the main resistance wind zone 18 is the resistance surface of the blade 4, and the area is very small to approach zero. Since the main power wind zone 15 is much larger than the main resistance wind zone 18, the rotational power of the generator 8 is much greater than the rotational resistance.
  • the above-described structural design of the present invention improves the wind receiving area and reduces the rotational resistance of the drum 5, which greatly improves the utilization efficiency of the wind energy compared to the current wind turbine.
  • the area of the sub-dynamic wind zone 16 and the secondary resistance wind zone 17 are equal, and the power and the resistance generated by the rotation of the drum 5 are positively and negatively offset, and have no effect, but actually, as shown by the direction of the wind direction arrow in FIG. 3, Power wind zone 16
  • the main power wind zone 15 acts as a booster and a replenishment. Thereby, a composite wind pressure is generated at the main power wind zone 15, which further increases the rotational power of the wind turbine.
  • the present invention is provided with a windward device.
  • the conventional wind-driven device is realized by a structure with an additional tail fin.
  • the structure is simple and easy to operate, it has the disadvantage of poor stability. Therefore, the present invention employs an electronic control method in which the wind direction sensor 19 is connected to the motor. Although the structure is relatively complicated, the stability is good, which is conducive to digital control.
  • Wind turbine provided with wind device mainly includes: drum 5, blade 4, disk slide 3, drive gear 6, driven gear 7, generator 8, main bracket 1, base 9, rotating shaft 2.
  • the wind direction sensor 19 transmits a signal to the controller 21, and the controller 21 sends a command to the adjustment motor 20, and the adjustment gear 23 is rotated by adjusting the rotation of the motor 20, thereby driving the circular rack 24 to rotate, further driving
  • the turntable 25 rotates to align the center of the turntable 25 with the vertical direction of the center line of the disk slide 3 in the wind direction, so that the wind receiving surface of the wind deflector 11 is aligned with the wind direction to maximize the utilization of wind energy.
  • the blade 4 of the present invention can automatically change the opening and closing angle when the generator 8 is in operation, and is fully opened on the windward side and completely closed on the leeward side, thereby reducing the rotational resistance of the generator 8 drum 5, compared with the current wind turbine.
  • the invention adopts the roller 5 type design, and the mechanical structure has stable and stable performance, is not easy to be damaged, and has few failures.
  • the construction cost is low and the maintenance is simple. Low noise and low requirements on the installation environment.
  • Multiple groups can be connected in series, side by side, Towards large-scale development to increase the total amount of power generation.
  • the invention can be extended to fields such as hydroelectric power generation, and can also be used for exhausting air, water pump, water power and the like.
  • the wind power generator provided by the present invention rotates the blade 4 around the center of the drum 5 by providing a disc slide 3 which is different from the drum 5, thereby making the blade 4 sinusoidal from the center of the drum 5 during the rotation.
  • the change changes the area of the wind receiving surface of the blade 4, thereby increasing the resistance of the blade 4 to the wind, increasing the rotational speed of the drum 5, and further improving the utilization of wind energy.
  • the invention realizes the increase of the wind receiving surface of the blade 4 by providing the disk slide rail 3 on the drum 5.
  • the structure is simple, the installation is convenient, the maintenance is easy, the cost is low, and the utility model can be used for large-scale development.

Abstract

一种风力发电机，其包括滚筒（5）、圆盘滑轨（3）、叶片（4）、传动装置、发电机（8）和主支架（1）；滚筒（5）、圆盘滑轨（3）、叶片（4）、传动装置和发电机（8）均设置在主支架（1）上；滚筒（5）与主支架（1）转动连接；滚筒（5）两端转动设置有圆盘滑轨（3）；圆盘滑轨（3）与滚筒（5）不同心设置；两个圆盘滑轨（3）同心设置；叶片（4）滑动设置在圆盘滑轨（3）上；滚筒（5）通过传动装置与发电机（8）连接。通过在滚筒上设置圆盘滑轨实现增加叶片的受风面，结构简单，安装方便，维护容易，成本较低，可用于大型化发展。

Description

风力发电机 技术领域
本发明涉及发电机领域，具体而言，涉及一种风力发电机。
背景技术
风力发电机是将风能转换为机械功的动力机械，又称风车。广义地说，它是一种以太阳为热源，以大气为工作介质的热能利用发动机。风力发电利用的是自然能源。相对柴油发电要好的多。但是若应急来用的话，还是不如柴油发电机。风力发电不可视为备用电源，但是却可以长期利用。
风力发电的原理，是利用风力带动风车叶片旋转，再透过增速机将旋转的速度提升，来促使发电机发电。依据目前的风车技术，大约是每秒三公尺的微风速度(微风的程度)，便可以开始发电。
风力发电有水平轴风力发电和垂直轴风力发电两种。
最早的垂直轴风力发电机是一种圆弧形双叶片结构(Φ型或称达里厄)，Φ型垂直轴风力发电机的受风面小，启动风速较高，一直没有得到大力发展，后来随着电脑科技的发展产生了H型垂直轴风力发电机。
H型垂直轴风力发电机也存在受风面小的问题，还有就是设计结构复杂，安装施工困难，成本高，易损坏，不适合大型化发展等缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种风力发电机，使风力发电机能够在提高受风面的同时，简化了其内部结构，降低了成本。
在本发明的实施例中提供了一种风力发电机，包括滚筒、圆盘滑轨、叶片、传动装置、发电机和主支架；
所述滚筒、所述圆盘滑轨、所述叶片、所述传动装置和所述发电机均设置在所述主支架上；
所述滚筒与所述主支架转动连接；
所述滚筒两端转动设置有所述圆盘滑轨；
所述圆盘滑轨与所述滚筒不同心设置；
两个所述圆盘滑轨同心设置；
所述叶片滑动设置在所述圆盘滑轨上；
所述滚筒通过所述传动装置与所述发电机连接，用于将所述滚筒的转动力传递给所述发电机，使所述发电机发电。
进一步的，所述叶片包括挡风板和连接板；
所述连接板上设置有至少三个顶点，分别为第一顶点、第二顶点和第三顶点；
所述第一顶点与所述圆盘滑轨滑动连接；
所述第二顶点和所述第三顶点与所述挡风板固定连接；
所述第二顶点与所述滚筒转动连接；
所述挡风板为圆弧板。
也就是将连接板设置为三角形，其三个顶点中，一个顶点与圆盘滑轨滑动连接，另外两个顶点连接挡风板的一端的两个顶点，使连接板能够带动挡风板沿圆盘滑轨绕滚筒转动。
进一步的，所述圆弧板的直径与所述滚筒的直径相同。
挡风板设置为圆弧板，且其直径与滚筒的直径相同，在挡风板转动到圆盘滑轨的中心与挡风板最远的位置时，能够使挡风板与滚筒的外壁完全贴合，降低了风阻。
进一步的，所述传动装置包括转动轴、主动齿轮和从动齿轮；
所述转动轴同轴穿过所述滚筒，且与所述滚筒固定连接；
所述主动齿轮固定设置在所述转动轴的一端；
所述从动齿轮与所述主动齿轮啮合；
所述从动齿轮同轴且固定设置在所述发电机的电机轴上。
通过齿轮传动将滚筒的转动力通过转动轴、主动齿轮和从动齿轮直接且及时的传动给发电机，为发电机提供发电所需的动力。
进一步的，风力发电机还包括对风装置，用于调整所述圆盘滑轨与滚筒的相对方向位置；
所述对风装置设置在所述主支架上，与所述圆盘滑轨连接。
设置对风装置后，可以实现在风向发生变化时，能够对圆盘滑轨进行调整，进而实现叶片的最大受风面始终与风向垂直，提高风力的利用率。
进一步的，所述对风装置包括风向传感器、控制器、调整电机和调整装置；
所述风向传感器设置在所述对风装置远离所述主支架的一端；
所述控制器与所述风向传感器信号连接，同时与所述调整电机信号连接，用于接收所述风向传感器的风向信息和向所述调整电机发送工作信息；
所述调整电机连接所述调整装置，用于根据所述控制器的信息启动或关闭所述调整装置的工作状态；
所述调整装置与所述圆盘滑轨固定连接。
通过风向传感器和控制器组成对风装置，可以实现对风装置的数字化电子控制，能够更直观更有效的对圆盘滑轨进行控制，提高风力的利用率。
进一步的，所述调整装置包括调整齿轮、圆齿条和转盘；
所述调整齿轮与所述调整电机连接；
所述调整齿轮与所述圆齿条啮合；
所述圆齿条固定设置在所述转盘的一侧，能带动所述转盘绕所述转盘的中心轴转动；
所述转盘与所述圆盘滑轨固定设置，且与所述滚筒同轴设置。
通过调整齿轮、圆齿条和转盘的设置，将调整电机传递过来的动力传递给圆盘滑轨，结构简单，且稳定性好，维护也方便，成本也较低。
进一步的，所述叶片为1-5片。
叶片的数量不宜过多，叶片过多时，为了保证其能够在背风时能与滚筒完全贴合，需要将叶片的宽度变小，进而就会降低了叶片在迎风时的受风面积，降低了风力的利用率。
进一步的，所述叶片与所述圆盘滑轨可拆卸连接。
将叶片和圆盘滑轨设置为可拆卸连接，在需要滚筒反向转动时，将叶片拆下后，将叶片倒置再次安装在滚筒上即可。增加了风力发电机的灵活性。
进一步的，风力发电机还包括底座；
所述底座与所述主支架固定连接，用于放置所述主支架及其上的各部件。
设置底座后，可以将整个风力发电机上的其他各个部件均通过底座固定在地面上，使风力发电机在工作过程中能够更加的稳定。
本发明提供的风力发电机，通过设置于滚筒不同心的圆盘滑轨使叶片绕滚筒的中心转动，进而使叶片在转动的过程中距滚筒中心的距离呈正弦波式变化，改变了叶片受风面的面积，也就提高了叶片对风的阻力，提高了滚筒的转动速度，进一步提高了风能的利用率。本发明通过在滚筒上设置圆盘滑轨实现增加叶片的受风面，结构简单，安装方便，维护容易，成本较低，可用于大型化发展。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明风力发电机的结构示意图；
图2为本发明风力发电机的叶片结构示意图；
图3为本发明风力发电机的4个叶片工作状态示意图；
图4为本发明风力发电机的单个叶片的结构示意图；
图5为本发明风力发电机的对风装置安装结构示意图；
图6为本发明风力发电机的对风装置的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1：主支架           2：转动轴            3：圆盘滑轨
4：叶片             5：滚筒              6：主动齿轮
7：从动齿轮         8：发电机            9：底座
10：连接板          11：挡风板           12：第一顶点
13：第二顶点        14：第三顶点         15：主动力风区
16：次动力风区      17：次阻力风区       18：主阻力风区
19：风向传感器      20：调整电机         21：控制器
22：调整装置        23：调整齿轮         24：圆齿条
25：转盘
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明所保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如附图所示，本发明提供了一种风力发电机，包括滚筒5、圆盘滑轨3、叶片4、传动装置、发电机8和主支架1；
滚筒5、圆盘滑轨3、叶片4、传动装置和发电机8均设置在主支架1上；
滚筒5与主支架1转动连接；
滚筒5两端转动设置有圆盘滑轨3；
圆盘滑轨3与滚筒5不同心设置；
两个圆盘滑轨3同心设置；
叶片4滑动设置在圆盘滑轨3上；
滚筒5通过传动装置与发电机8连接，用于将滚筒5的转动力传递给发电机8，使发电机8发电。
叶片4通过在与滚筒5偏心位置的两个圆盘滑轨3(上下各一个)进行连接，能够绕滚筒5做圆周运动，进而能实现叶片4的自动开合控制。
需要指出的是，圆盘滑轨3可以是圆形轨道，也可以是椭圆形轨道，还可以是其他形状的轨道，其只要能够使叶片4绕滚筒5转动即可。
当叶片4的位置在圆盘滑轨3的中心轴远离滚筒5的中心轴的一侧时，叶片4的一端离开滚筒5，使叶片4张开，增加了叶片4的受风面积；当叶片4的位置转动到在滚筒5的中心轴远离圆盘滑轨3的中心轴的一侧时，叶片4的两端均贴紧在滚筒5上，使其在转动时不会对滚筒5产生风阻。
也就是说，叶片4在一侧是能够提高受风面，在另一侧时能够降低风阻，进而极大的提高了对风力的利用率，使风力发电机的发电效率达到最高。
优选的实施方式为，叶片4包括挡风板11和连接板10；
连接板10上设置有至少三个顶点，分别为第一顶点12、第二顶点13和第三顶点14；
第一顶点12与圆盘滑轨3滑动连接；
第二顶点13和第三顶点14与挡风板11固定连接；
第二顶点13与滚筒5转动连接；
挡风板11为圆弧板。
也就是将连接板10设置为三角形，其三个顶点中，一个顶点与圆盘滑轨3滑动连接，另外两个顶点连接挡风板11的一端的两个顶点，使连接板10能够带动挡风板11沿圆盘滑轨3绕滚筒5转动。
也就是说，第一顶点12与圆盘滑轨3连接，第二顶点13和第三顶点14与挡风板11固定连接，在叶片4转动时，第二顶点13还与滚筒5相连接，使挡风板11的受风面积达到最大。
连接板10的用途不只是连接圆盘滑轨3和挡风板11，还有在叶片4张开时，与滚筒5和挡风板11一起组成一个漏斗式的形状，不使风从滚筒5与叶片4之间漏掉，从而起到增加叶片4的风压的作用。
更优选的实施方式为，连接板10为不等边三角形，即在挡风板11在迎风区时，受风面最大。
需要指出的是，连接板10可以是三角形，但不局限于三角形，其还可以是其他形状，如四边形、五角形等，甚至还可以是不规则形状，其只要有三个不同顶点，能够分别与圆盘滑轨3和叶片4连接即可。
优选的实施方式为，圆弧板的直径与滚筒5的直径相同。
挡风板11设置为圆弧板，且其直径与滚筒5的直径相同，在挡风板11转动到圆盘滑轨3的中心与挡风板11最远的位置时，能够使挡风板11与滚筒5的外壁完全贴合，降低了风阻。
优选的实施方式为，传动装置包括转动轴2、主动齿轮6和从动齿轮7；
转动轴2同轴穿过滚筒5，且与滚筒5固定连接；
主动齿轮6固定设置在转动轴2的一端；
从动齿轮7与主动齿轮6啮合；
从动齿轮7同轴且固定设置在发电机8的电机轴上。
通过齿轮传动将滚筒5的转动力通过转动轴2、主动齿轮6和从动齿轮7直接且及时的传动给发电机8，为发电机8提供发电所需的动力。
当滚筒5滚动时，带动转动轴2一起转动，进而带动设置在转动轴2一端的主动齿轮6转动，由于从动齿轮7与主动齿轮6啮合，进而可以带 动从动齿轮7反向转动，从动齿轮7固定且同轴设置在发电机8的电机轴上，进而可以给发电机8提供转动的动力，使发电机8能够进行发电。
优选的实施方式为，风力发电机还包括对风装置，用于调整圆盘滑轨3与滚筒5的相对方向位置；
对风装置设置在主支架1上，与圆盘滑轨3连接。
设置对风装置后，可以实现当风向发生变化时，能够对圆盘滑轨3进行调整，进而实现叶片4的最大受风面始终与风向垂直，提高风力的利用率。
将对风装置设置在主支架1上，且设置在与发电机8相对的一端，可以避免发电机8与对风装置在工作时产生的动作干扰，提高了工作效率。
优选的实施方式为，对风装置包括风向传感器19、控制器21、调整电机20和调整装置22；
风向传感器19设置在对风装置远离主支架1的一端；
控制器21与风向传感器19信号连接，同时与调整电机20信号连接，用于接收风向传感器19的风向信息和向调整电机20发送工作信息；
调整电机20连接调整装置22，用于根据控制器21的信息启动或关闭调整装置22的工作状态；
调整装置22与圆盘滑轨3固定连接。
通过风向传感器19和控制器21组成对风装置，可以实现对风装置的数字化电子控制，能够更直观更有效的对圆盘滑轨3进行控制，提高风力的利用率。
优选的实施方式为，调整装置22包括调整齿轮23、圆齿条24和转盘25；
调整齿轮23与调整电机20连接；
调整齿轮23与圆齿条24啮合；
圆齿条24固定设置在转盘25的一侧，能带动转盘25绕转盘25的中心轴转动；
转盘25与圆盘滑轨3固定设置，且与滚筒5同轴设置。
通过调整齿轮23、圆齿条24和转盘25的设置，将调整电机20传递过来的动力传递给圆盘滑轨3，这样的结构相对比较简单，且稳定性好，维护方便，成本较低。
该对风装置的动作原理是风向传感器19将信号传递给控制器21，控制器21发送指令给调整电机20，通过调整电机20的转动带动转盘25旋转，使转盘25的中心与圆盘滑轨3的中心的连线的垂直方向对准来风方向，从而使叶片4的挡风板11对准风向，达到风能利用率的最大化。
优选的实施方式为，叶片4为1-5片。
叶片4的数量不宜过多，叶片4过多时，为了保证其能够在背风时能与滚筒5完全贴合，需要将叶片4的宽度变小，进而就会降低了叶片4在迎风时的受风面积，降低了风力的利用率。
优选的实施方式为，叶片4与圆盘滑轨3可拆卸连接。
将叶片4和圆盘滑轨3设置为可拆卸连接，在需要滚筒5反向转动时，将叶片4拆下后，将叶片4倒置再次安装在滚筒5上即可。增加了风力发电机的灵活性。
优选的实施方式为，风力发电机还包括底座9；
底座9与主支架1固定连接，用于放置主支架1及其上的各部件。
设置底座9后，可以将整个风力发电机上的其他各个部件均通过底座9固定在地面上，使风力发电机在工作过程中能够更加的稳定。
底座9设置在发电机8所在的一端，由于发电机8相对对风装置来说重量较大，其在下端能够使风力发电机更加的稳定。
本发明还可以这样理解。
其主要结构包括滚筒5、叶片4、圆盘滑轨3、主动齿轮6、从动齿轮7、发电机8、主支架1、底座9和转动轴2。叶片4的第二顶点13与滚筒5相抵，第一顶点12绕与滚筒5偏心设置的圆盘滑轨3做圆周运动，进而可以实现叶片4的自动开合控制。叶片4的数量可根据地理环境需要进行加减，大概在1到5片左右为宜，即1片、2片、3片、4片和5片均可。如需转轴向相反方向旋转，则将滚筒5包含叶片4的组件倒置即可实现。
本发明的工作效率的说明如图3和图4所示，叶片4在迎风面最大限度打开，图3中的主动力风区15和次动力风区16均为叶片4的受风面，风力发电机靠受风面来产生动力。在背风面叶片4完全闭合，主阻力风区18所示区域为叶片4的阻力面，面积很小趋近于零。因为主动力风区15远远大于主阻力风区18，即发电机8的旋转动力远远大于旋转阻力。所以本发明的上述结构设计提高了受风面积，并减少了滚筒5的旋转阻力，相比现行的风力发电机大大提高了风能的利用效率。且次动力风区16和次阻力风区17的区域面积相等，对于滚筒5的转动产生的动力和阻力正负相抵，没有影响，但实际上如图3中风向标示箭头的方向所示，次动力风区16可 对主动力风区15起到一个增压、补给的作用。从而在主动力风区15处产生一个复合风压，更加加大了本风力发电机旋转动力。
为确保发电机8叶片4在张开最大角度时对准可能改变的风向，达到风能利用率的最大化的目的，本发明设置有对风装置。
传统的对风装置采有用追加尾翼的构造来实现，虽然结构简单易于操作，但有稳定性差的缺点。所以本发明采用风向传感器19连接马达的电子控制方式。虽然结构相对复杂，但稳定性好，有利于实现数字化管控。
对风装置的结构如图5和图6。设置有对风装置的风力发电机主要附图中主要包括：滚筒5、叶片4、圆盘滑轨3、主动齿轮6、从动齿轮7、发电机8、主支架1、底座9、转动轴2、转盘25、风向传感器19、调整电机20、控制器21、调整齿轮23和圆齿条24。
对风装置在工作时，风向传感器19将信号传递给控制器21，控制器21发送指令给调整电机20，通过调整电机20的转动带动调整齿轮23转动，进而带动圆齿条24转动，进一步带动转盘25旋转，使转盘25中心与圆盘滑轨3中心连线的垂直方向对准来风方向，从而使挡风板11的受风面对准风向，达到风能利用率的最大化。
本发明的叶片4在发电机8运转时可以自动改变开合角度，在迎风面最大限度打开，在背风面完全闭合，从而达到减少发电机8滚筒5的旋转阻力，相比现行的风力发电机大大提高风能利用效率的目的。本发明采用滚筒5式设计，机械结构坚固性能稳定，不易损坏，故障少。设置施工成本低，维护简单。噪音低，对设置环境要求低。可以多组串联，并排设置， 向大型化发展，以提高发电总量。本发明可扩展到水力发电等领域，也可用于排风，水泵，水中动力等方面。
本发明提供的风力发电机，通过设置与滚筒5不同心的圆盘滑轨3使叶片4绕滚筒5的中心转动，进而使叶片4在转动的过程中距滚筒5中心的距离呈正弦波式变化，改变了叶片4受风面的面积，也就提高了叶片4对风的阻力，提高了滚筒5的转动速度，进一步提高了风能的利用率。本发明通过在滚筒5上设置圆盘滑轨3实现增加叶片4的受风面，结构简单，安装方便，维护容易，成本较低，可用于大型化发展。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种风力发电机，其特征在于，包括滚筒、圆盘滑轨、叶片、传动装置、发电机和主支架；
    所述滚筒、所述圆盘滑轨、所述叶片、所述传动装置和所述发电机均设置在所述主支架上；
    所述滚筒与所述主支架转动连接；
    所述滚筒两端转动设置有所述圆盘滑轨；
    所述圆盘滑轨与所述滚筒不同心设置；
    两个所述圆盘滑轨同心设置；
    所述叶片滑动设置在所述圆盘滑轨上；
    所述滚筒通过所述传动装置与所述发电机连接，用于将所述滚筒的转动力传递给所述发电机，使所述发电机发电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机，其特征在于，所述叶片包括挡风板和连接板；
    所述连接板上设置有至少三个顶点，分别为第一顶点、第二顶点和第三顶点；
    所述第一顶点与所述圆盘滑轨滑动连接；
    所述第二顶点和所述第三顶点与所述挡风板固定连接；
    所述第二顶点与所述滚筒转动连接；
    所述挡风板为圆弧板。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的风力发电机，其特征在于，所述圆弧板的直径与所述滚筒的直径相同。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机，其特征在于，所述传动装置包括转动轴、主动齿轮和从动齿轮；
    所述转动轴同轴穿过所述滚筒，且与所述滚筒固定连接；
    所述主动齿轮固定设置在所述转动轴的一端；
    所述从动齿轮与所述主动齿轮啮合；
    所述从动齿轮同轴且固定设置在所述发电机的电机轴上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机，其特征在于，还包括对风装置，用于调整所述圆盘滑轨与所述滚筒的相对方向位置；
    所述对风装置设置在所述主支架上，与所述圆盘滑轨连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的风力发电机，其特征在于，所述对风装置包括风向传感器、控制器、调整电机和调整装置；
    所述风向传感器设置在所述对风装置远离所述主支架的一端；
    所述控制器与所述风向传感器信号连接，同时与所述调整电机信号连接，用于接收所述风向传感器的风向信息和向所述调整电机发送工作信息；
    所述调整电机连接所述调整装置，用于根据所述控制器的信息启动或关闭所述调整装置的工作状态；
    所述调整装置与所述圆盘滑轨固定连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的风力发电机，其特征在于，所述调整装置包括调整齿轮、圆齿条和转盘；
    所述调整齿轮与所述调整电机连接；
    所述调整齿轮与所述圆齿条啮合；
    所述圆齿条固定设置在所述转盘的一侧，能带动所述转盘绕所述转盘的中心轴转动；
    所述转盘与所述圆盘滑轨固定设置，且与所述滚筒同轴设置。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机，其特征在于，所述叶片为1-5片。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机，其特征在于，所述叶片与所述圆盘滑轨可拆卸连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的风力发电机，其特征在于，还包括底座；
    所述底座与所述主支架固定连接，用于放置所述主支架及其上的各部件。
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