WO2016084182A1 - Station de base, système de communication, et procédé de transmission de signal de référence - Google Patents

Station de base, système de communication, et procédé de transmission de signal de référence Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016084182A1
WO2016084182A1 PCT/JP2014/081332 JP2014081332W WO2016084182A1 WO 2016084182 A1 WO2016084182 A1 WO 2016084182A1 JP 2014081332 W JP2014081332 W JP 2014081332W WO 2016084182 A1 WO2016084182 A1 WO 2016084182A1
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Prior art keywords
user terminal
candidate
candidate beam
base station
beams
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PCT/JP2014/081332
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
俊輔 藤尾
木村　大
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富士通株式会社
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Priority to JP2016561154A priority Critical patent/JPWO2016084182A1/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2014/081332 priority patent/WO2016084182A1/fr
Publication of WO2016084182A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016084182A1/fr
Priority to US15/583,754 priority patent/US20170237477A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a base station, a communication system, and a reference signal transmission method.
  • Beam forming is one of the technologies to improve the utilization efficiency of radio resources.
  • a base station using beam forming controls the phase and amplitude of a data signal addressed to a user terminal by multiplying a data signal addressed to a user terminal (User Equipment: UE) by a weight vector.
  • UE User Equipment
  • the weight vector it is possible to concentrate the radio waves by directing the beam to the area where the user terminal is located. Thereby, interference with the radio wave of other communications can be reduced, and as a result, frequency utilization efficiency can be improved.
  • an antenna element included in a wireless communication apparatus that performs high-frequency and wide-bandwidth communication such as millimeter wave communication is small.
  • the propagation loss of high-frequency radio signals is generally large. For this reason, a radio communication apparatus that performs high-frequency and wide-bandwidth communication generally compensates for propagation loss using beam forming.
  • a base station performing beam forming determines an appropriate beam as a data signal transmission beam (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a “data transmission beam”) in order to enhance the interference reduction effect. For this reason, when determining the data transmission beam, a “beam search” for searching for an appropriate data transmission beam from among a plurality of “candidate beams” is performed.
  • the base station transmits a reference signal (hereinafter referred to as “RS”) to the user terminal while sequentially switching the candidate beams among a plurality of predetermined candidate beams.
  • RS reference signal
  • the user terminal performs channel estimation for each candidate beam using the reference signal, and reports the channel estimation value for each candidate beam to the base station. That is, the “candidate beam” can also be referred to as a “reference signal transmission beam” or a “channel estimation beam”.
  • the base station determines a data transmission beam for the user terminal based on the channel estimation value for each candidate beam reported from the user terminal.
  • the base station determines a candidate beam having a maximum RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) in the user terminal among the plurality of candidate beams as a data transmission beam for the user terminal.
  • RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
  • the smaller the beam width, the larger the gain obtained by beam forming (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “BF gain”). Therefore, conventionally, the beam widths of all candidate beams are uniformly set to be small so that sufficient user channel estimation accuracy can be obtained at the cell edge.
  • the number of candidate beams increases as the beam width decreases. In addition, as the number of candidate beams increases, more radio resources are consumed. Therefore, conventionally, many radio resources are consumed for beam search.
  • the radio resources that can be used in one cell Since there is an upper limit to the radio resources that can be used in one cell, if a lot of radio resources are consumed for beam search, the radio resources that can be used for data signal transmission decrease, and as a result, the throughput of the entire cell. Will fall. Furthermore, since the position of the user terminal changes from moment to moment, in order to change the data transmission beam to an appropriate beam following the change in the position of the user terminal, it is preferable that the beam search execution period is smaller. However, the smaller the beam search execution cycle, the more radio resources are consumed, and the rate of decrease in the overall cell throughput increases.
  • a “cell” is defined based on the “communication area” and “channel frequency” of one base station.
  • the “communication area” may be the entire area (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “range area”) where radio waves transmitted from the base station reach, or a divided area (so-called sector) in which the range area is divided. It may be.
  • the “channel frequency” is a unit of frequency used by the base station for communication, and is defined based on the center frequency and the bandwidth.
  • the disclosed technology has been made in view of the above, and aims to reduce the amount of radio resources consumed by beam search.
  • a base station that performs beam forming on a user terminal includes an acquisition unit, a determination unit, and an antenna.
  • the acquisition unit acquires a distribution of propagation loss in a communication area.
  • the determining unit determines a beam set formed by the plurality of beams for channel estimation, each of which has a beam width based on the distribution.
  • the antenna transmits a reference signal to the user terminal using each of the plurality of beams forming the beam set.
  • the amount of radio resources consumed by beam search can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a user terminal according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing sequence of the communication system according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining processing of the base station according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a distribution of propagation loss according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the candidate beam set determination process according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the candidate beam set determination processing according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an RSRP estimation result according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a candidate beam set according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a user terminal according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart for explaining processing of the base station according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of reception quality estimation results according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a candidate beam set according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a user terminal according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing sequence of the communication system according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a flowchart for explaining processing of the candidate beam set re-determination unit according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a redetermination candidate beam set according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of the base station.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of the user terminal.
  • the communication system 1 includes a base station BS and user terminals UE1 and UE2.
  • the base station BS forms a cell C.
  • Cell C is divided into three sectors, sectors S1, S2 and S3, and user terminals UE1 and UE2 are located in sector S1, for example.
  • the base station BS has, for example, three planar antennas that form sectors S1, S2, and S3, and each planar antenna covers a communication area of 120 ° in the horizontal direction.
  • user terminal UE when not distinguishing user terminal UE1, UE2, it may generically call "user terminal UE".
  • the base station BS has, for example, a planar antenna 101 corresponding to the sector S1, and uses each of candidate beams Ba1 to Ba16 formed using the planar antenna 101 to send a reference signal to the user terminal UE. Send.
  • the user terminal UE performs channel estimation for each candidate beam Ba1 to Ba16 using the reference signal transmitted from the base station BS.
  • the radiation directions of the candidate beams Ba1 to Ba16 are different from each other. That is, the sum of the beam widths of the four candidate beams in the horizontal direction (h direction) corresponds to the communication area of sector S1 shown in FIG.
  • the radiation range of the candidate beam in the vertical direction (v direction) is set to a predetermined range such as 120 ° vertically downward from 0 ° with reference to a predetermined point on the planar antenna 101. Therefore, the entire communication area of the sector S1 is covered by the candidate beams Ba1 to Ba16.
  • a set of beams formed from a plurality of candidate beams covering the entire communication area may be referred to as a “candidate beam set”. That is, in FIG. 2, the candidate beam set is formed from 16 candidate beams of candidate beams Ba1 to Ba16.
  • the “candidate beam set” is formed from a plurality of beams for channel estimation or a plurality of beams for reference signal transmission.
  • FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the first embodiment.
  • the base station 10 illustrated in FIG. 3 corresponds to the base station BS illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the base station 10 includes a planar antenna 101, a propagation loss acquisition unit 102, a candidate beam set determination unit 103, and a candidate beam switching unit 104.
  • the base station 10 includes an RS generation unit 105, an RS beamforming unit 106, a radio transmission unit 107, a radio reception unit 108, a reception processing unit 109, a data transmission beam determination unit 110, and a transmission processing unit. 111 and a data beam forming unit 112.
  • the planar antenna 101 has a total of 16 antenna elements, for example, 4 in the horizontal direction and 4 in the vertical direction, and the base station 10 performs beam forming using the planar antenna 101.
  • the propagation loss acquisition unit 102 acquires the propagation loss distribution in the sector S1 and outputs the acquired propagation loss distribution information to the candidate beam set determination unit 103. Details of acquiring the propagation loss distribution will be described later.
  • Candidate beam set determination section 103 determines a candidate beam set in sector S1 based on the propagation loss distribution acquired by propagation loss acquisition section 102, and determines the determined candidate beam set as candidate beam switching section 104 and data transmission beam. The determination unit 110 is instructed. Details of the determination of the candidate beam set will be described later.
  • the candidate beam switching unit 104 switches the candidate beam to the RS beam while sequentially switching the candidate beam used for transmitting the reference signal with the passage of time among the plurality of candidate beams forming the candidate beam set during the beam search.
  • the forming unit 106 is instructed.
  • the RS generation unit 105 generates a reference signal and outputs the reference signal to the RS beamforming unit 106.
  • the RS beamforming unit 106 performs beamforming on the reference signal according to the candidate beam instructed from the candidate beam switching unit 104, and outputs the reference signal after beamforming to the radio transmission unit 107.
  • the RS beamforming 106 uses the weight of the candidate beam instructed from the candidate beam switching unit 104, or the phase of the reference signal transmitted from each antenna element of the planar antenna 101, or the phase and amplitude. Control the combination.
  • w m, n is a weight for the antenna element m of the candidate beam n
  • s m is a reference signal before beam forming.
  • the transmission processing unit 111 performs baseband processing of encoding and modulation on the input data to generate a baseband data signal, and outputs the generated data signal to the data beamforming unit 112.
  • the radio transmission unit 107 performs digital-analog conversion and up-conversion radio processing on the reference signal input from the RS beamforming unit 106 and the data signal input from the data beamforming unit 112.
  • the radio transmission unit 107 transmits the RS signal and the data signal after radio processing to the user terminal UE via the planar antenna 101.
  • the radio reception unit 108 performs down-conversion and analog-digital conversion radio processing on the report signal received from the user terminal UE via the planar antenna 101 to obtain a baseband report signal and outputs the baseband report signal to the reception processing unit 109 To do.
  • the report signal received from the user terminal UE includes a channel estimation value for each candidate beam.
  • the reception processing unit 109 performs demodulation and decoding baseband processing on the baseband report signal, and acquires a channel estimation value for each candidate beam included in the report signal from each user terminal UE.
  • the channel estimation value is RSRP for each candidate beam in the user terminal UE or a combination of RSRP for each candidate beam and the phase rotation amount for each candidate beam in the propagation path from the base station 10 to the user terminal UE.
  • the reception processing unit 109 outputs the channel estimation value for each candidate beam reported from each user terminal UE to the data transmission beam determination unit 110.
  • the data transmission beam determination unit 110 performs data transmission based on the candidate beam set instructed by the candidate beam set determination unit 103 and the channel estimation value for each user terminal UE and each candidate beam input from the reception processing unit 109. Determine the beam.
  • the data transmission beam determining unit 110 instructs the data beam forming unit 112 on weight vector information for forming the determined data transmission beam.
  • the data transmission beam determination unit 110 determines the data transmission beam as follows. That is, the data transmission beam determination unit 110 determines the candidate beam having the largest RSRP among the plurality of candidate beams forming the candidate beam set as the data transmission beam.
  • the data transmission beam determination unit 110 determines the data transmission beam as follows. That is, data transmission beam determination section 110 linearly combines the weight vectors of candidate beams using weights corresponding to channel estimation values, and determines the beam formed by the weight vectors after the linear combination as data transmission beams.
  • the weight vector ⁇ after the linear combination is expressed by, for example, Expression (2).
  • N is the number of candidate beams forming the candidate beam set
  • h n ⁇ * is a channel estimation value for the candidate beam n. It is a weight according to.
  • h n ⁇ * is expressed by Expression (3).
  • P n is RSRP (true value)
  • phi n is the phase rotation amount. Note that the weight vector ⁇ may be standardized.
  • Data beamforming section 112 performs beamforming on the data signal based on the information on the weight vector instructed from data transmission beam determining section 110, and outputs the data signal after beamforming to radio transmitting section 107.
  • w m ⁇ is the weight vector w ⁇ of the m-th element
  • d m is the data signal before beamforming.
  • FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a user terminal according to the first embodiment.
  • the user terminal 20 illustrated in FIG. 4 corresponds to the user terminals UE1 and UE2 illustrated in FIGS.
  • the user terminal 20 includes an antenna 21, a wireless reception unit 22, a reception processing unit 23, a channel estimation unit 24, a transmission processing unit 25, and a wireless transmission unit 26.
  • the radio reception unit 22 performs radio processing such as down-conversion and analog-digital conversion on the reference signal and data signal received from the base station 10 via the antenna 21 to obtain and receive a baseband reference signal and data signal.
  • the data is output to the processing unit 23 and the channel estimation unit 24.
  • the reception processing unit 23 performs demodulation and decoding baseband processing on the baseband data signal to acquire data.
  • the channel estimation unit 24 performs channel estimation using the reference signal and outputs a channel estimation value to the transmission processing unit 25. For example, the channel estimation unit 24 measures RSRP for each candidate beam as a channel estimation value. Alternatively, the channel estimation unit 24 measures the RSRP and the phase rotation amount for each candidate beam as the channel estimation value. The channel estimation unit 24 generates report data including channel estimation values for each of the plurality of candidate beams and outputs the report data to the transmission processing unit 25. Channel estimation in the channel estimation unit 24 is performed in accordance with the transmission timing of the reference signal from the base station 10. For example, the transmission timing of the reference signal from the base station 10 is set at a predetermined timing in advance and is also known by the user terminal 20.
  • the transmission processing unit 25 performs baseband processing of encoding and modulation on the report data to generate a baseband report signal, and outputs the generated report signal to the wireless transmission unit 26.
  • the wireless transmission unit 26 performs wireless processing of digital-analog conversion and up-conversion on the baseband report signal.
  • the wireless transmission unit 26 transmits the report signal after wireless processing to the base station 10 via the antenna 21.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing sequence of the communication system according to the first embodiment.
  • the base station 10 determines a candidate beam set (step S11).
  • the base station 10 switches the candidate beam in the candidate beam set and transmits a reference signal (steps S12-1 to S12-N, N are the number of candidate beams forming the candidate beam set).
  • the user terminal 20 reports the channel estimation value for each candidate beam to the base station 10 (step S13).
  • the base station 10 determines a data transmission beam based on the channel estimation value for each candidate beam (step S14).
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining processing of the base station according to the first embodiment.
  • a candidate beam set is formed by two types of candidate beams, a “thin candidate beam” having a predetermined beam width and a “thick candidate beam” having a beam width larger than that of the thin candidate beam.
  • the flowchart shown in FIG. 6 is started at a constant cycle.
  • the propagation loss acquisition unit 102 acquires the distribution of propagation loss in the sector S1 (step S21).
  • the propagation loss acquisition unit 102 acquires a propagation loss distribution considering the influence of reflection or the like using, for example, a propagation simulation considering three-dimensional building information.
  • a propagation simulation method for example, a ray tracing method can be used.
  • the propagation loss acquisition unit 102 may actually measure the propagation loss.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a distribution of propagation loss according to the first embodiment.
  • the candidate beam set determining unit 103 forms a candidate beam set from only the thin candidate beams Ba1 to Ba16 (that is, not including a thick candidate beam) (step S22).
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the candidate beam set determination process according to the first embodiment.
  • the thin candidate beams Ba1 to Ba16 shown in FIG. 8 correspond to the candidate beams Ba1 to Ba16 shown in FIG. 2, and the radiation directions of the thin candidate beams Ba1 to Ba16 are different from each other.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the candidate beam set determination processing according to the first embodiment.
  • candidate beam set determining section 103 estimates RSRP in user terminal 20 for each candidate beam in the candidate beam set shown in FIG. 8 based on the propagation loss distribution acquired in step S21 according to equation (5).
  • P h, v is RSRP estimated in the radiation direction (h, v)
  • G 0 is the BF gain of the thin candidate beam
  • P TX is the transmission power of the thin candidate beam
  • G 0 and P TX are constant values.
  • L h, v is a propagation loss in the radiation direction (h, v), and is a propagation loss in each radiation direction (1,1) to (4,4) on the distribution of the propagation loss acquired in step S21. It is.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an RSRP estimation result according to the first embodiment.
  • a beam that covers a wide range at a time that is, a beam with a large beam width is selected as a candidate while the BF gain is small. It can be a beam.
  • the beam width can be adjusted by changing the number of antenna elements that transmit reference signals, and the beam width increases as the number of antenna elements that transmit reference signals decreases.
  • the candidate beam set determination unit 103 updates the candidate beam set with a candidate beam that maximizes the reduction amount of the number of candidate beams under a predetermined condition as follows (step S24).
  • the candidate beam set determination unit 103 removes a plurality of thin candidate beams from the candidate beam set, and selects one thick candidate beam that covers the same range as the range covered by the removed plurality of thin candidate beams. Add to. In this way, the candidate beam set determination unit 103 replaces a plurality of thin candidate beams with one thick candidate beam.
  • the candidate beam set determining unit 103 replaces the candidate beam only in the radiation direction satisfying the predetermined condition shown in Expression (6), and replaces the candidate beam in the radiation direction not satisfying the condition of Expression (6). Not performed.
  • G 1 is BF gain
  • T P is the threshold value of the received power of a thick candidate beams
  • G 1 is a constant value. That is, the candidate beam set determination unit 103 replaces the candidate beam only in the radiation direction in which the RSRP in the user terminal 20 with the thick candidate beam is equal to or greater than the threshold value. This replacement reduces the number of candidate beams that form the candidate beam set.
  • the candidate beam set determination unit 103 replaces the candidate beam set determination unit 103 with the largest number of thin candidate beams to be replaced.
  • the threshold value T P is preferably desired channel estimation accuracy is set on the basis of the received power that can be secured in the user terminal 20, for example, the desired channel estimation accuracy can be secured reception power at the user terminal 20 Should be set equal to Or, the threshold T P is set is preferably desired throughput in the user terminal 20 is set based on the securable received power, e.g., to the value desired throughput is equal to ensure a receiving power at the user terminal 20 It is good to be done.
  • the candidate beam set determination unit 103 determines whether or not the number of candidate beams forming the candidate beam set can be reduced (step S25). When the reduction is possible (step S25: Yes), the process returns to step S24, and the candidate beam set determination unit 103 replaces the candidate beam again. On the other hand, when reduction is not possible (step S25: No), a process is complete
  • the number of candidate beams forming the candidate beam set is minimized under the condition that the RSRP in the user terminal 20 is equal to or greater than the threshold.
  • the threshold As described above, as the number of candidate beams increases, more radio resources are consumed. Conversely, the amount of radio resources consumed decreases as the number of candidate beams decreases. Therefore, by repeatedly performing the processes of steps S22 and S23, the amount of radio resources occupied by the candidate beam set is minimized under the condition that the RSRP in the user terminal 20 is equal to or greater than the threshold.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a candidate beam set according to the first embodiment.
  • the base station 10 that performs beam forming on the user terminal 20 includes the propagation loss acquisition unit 102, the candidate beam set determination unit 103, and the planar antenna 101.
  • the propagation loss acquisition unit 102 acquires a distribution of propagation loss in the sector S1, which is a communication area having a certain size.
  • Candidate beam set determination section 103 determines a candidate beam set based on the propagation loss distribution. That is, the candidate beam set determining unit 103 determines a candidate beam set formed from a plurality of candidate beams each including a candidate beam (for example, a thin candidate beam and a thick candidate beam) each having a beam width based on a propagation loss distribution. To do.
  • the planar antenna 101 transmits a reference signal to the user terminal 20 using each of a plurality of candidate beams forming the candidate beam set.
  • the beam widths of the candidate beams forming the candidate beam set are different from each other according to the propagation loss distribution in the sector S1. Therefore, by increasing the beam width of the candidate beam in the radiation direction with a small propagation loss, the number of candidate beams filling the sector S1 is reduced. Therefore, the amount of radio resources consumed by beam search is reduced. That is, it is possible to perform a beam search with less radio resource usage than in the past. In other words, the beam search can be executed with the same amount of radio resources used as in the past and in a cycle shorter than that in the past.
  • the candidate beam set determination unit 103 based on the propagation loss distribution, has a plurality of candidate beams that minimize the amount of radio resources occupied by the candidate beam set under the condition that the RSRP in the user terminal 20 is equal to or greater than the threshold. From which a candidate beam set is formed.
  • the RSRP threshold is set based on the received power at which the user terminal 20 can secure a desired channel estimation accuracy or the received power at which the user terminal 20 can secure a desired throughput.
  • the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the candidate beam set determined in the base station is formed from a plurality of candidate beams having different combinations of beam widths and sequence lengths of reference signals to be transmitted.
  • FIG. 12 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the second embodiment.
  • a base station 30 illustrated in FIG. 12 corresponds to the base station BS illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the base station 30 includes a planar antenna 101, a propagation loss acquisition unit 102, a candidate beam set determination unit 301, and a candidate beam switching unit 302.
  • the base station 30 includes an RS generation unit 303, an RS beamforming unit 106, a radio transmission unit 107, a radio reception unit 108, a reception processing unit 109, a data transmission beam determination unit 110, and a transmission processing unit. 111 and a data beam forming unit 112.
  • Candidate beam set determination section 301 determines a candidate beam set in sector S1 based on the propagation loss distribution acquired by propagation loss acquisition section 102, and determines the determined candidate beam set as candidate beam switching section 302 and data transmission beam. The determination unit 110 is instructed. However, the candidate beam set determining unit 301 is different from the candidate beam set determining unit 103 of the first embodiment in that the candidate beam set is determined in consideration of the sequence length of the reference signal. Details of the determination of the candidate beam set will be described later.
  • the candidate beam switching unit 302 switches the candidate beam for the RS beam while sequentially switching the candidate beam used for transmitting the reference signal with the passage of time among the plurality of candidate beams forming the candidate beam set during the beam search.
  • the forming unit 106 is instructed.
  • candidate beam switching section 302 instructs RS generation section 303 of the sequence length of the reference signal to be transmitted in each candidate beam as the candidate beams are switched.
  • the RS generation unit 303 selects either a “short reference signal” having a predetermined sequence length or a “long reference signal” having a longer sequence length than the short reference signal according to the sequence length instructed from the candidate beam switching unit 302. Generated and output to the RS beamforming unit 106.
  • FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a user terminal according to the second embodiment.
  • the user terminal 40 illustrated in FIG. 13 corresponds to the user terminals UE1 and UE2 illustrated in FIGS.
  • a user terminal 40 includes an antenna 21, a radio reception unit 22, a reception processing unit 23, an RS sequence estimation unit 41, a channel estimation unit 42, a transmission processing unit 25, and a radio transmission unit 26.
  • RS sequence estimation unit 41 RS sequence estimation unit 41
  • channel estimation unit 42 a channel estimation unit 42
  • 25 a transmission processing unit
  • radio transmission unit 26 a radio transmission unit 26.
  • the radio reception unit 22 obtains and receives a baseband reference signal and data signal by performing down-conversion and analog-digital conversion radio processing on the reference signal and data signal received from the base station 30 via the antenna 21.
  • the data is output to the processing unit 23, the RS sequence estimation unit 41, and the channel estimation unit 42.
  • the RS sequence estimation unit 41 stores a short reference signal sequence and a long reference signal sequence in advance, a first correlation value between the input reference signal and the short reference signal sequence, and the input reference signal And a second correlation value with the long reference signal sequence.
  • the first correlation value is greater than the second correlation value
  • the RS sequence estimation unit 41 estimates that the reference signal transmitted from the base station 30 is a short reference signal.
  • the second correlation value is greater than the first correlation value
  • the RS sequence estimation unit 41 estimates that the reference signal transmitted from the base station 30 is a long reference signal.
  • the RS sequence estimation unit 41 instructs the channel estimation unit 42 on the estimated sequence length of the reference signal.
  • the channel estimation unit 42 performs channel estimation using a reference signal in an estimation period according to the sequence length instructed from the RS sequence estimation unit 41, and generates report data including channel estimation values of each of the plurality of candidate beams. To the transmission processing unit 25. For example, the channel estimation unit 42 measures RSRP for each candidate beam as a channel estimation value. Or the channel estimation part 42 measures RSRP and phase rotation amount for every candidate beam as a channel estimated value.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart for explaining processing of the base station according to the second embodiment.
  • the flowchart shown in FIG. 14 is started at a constant cycle.
  • steps S21 and S22 are the same as that in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
  • the candidate beam set determination unit 301 uses the equation (1) to determine the reception quality at the user terminal 40 for each candidate beam in the candidate beam set shown in FIG. 8 based on the propagation loss distribution acquired in step S21. 7) (Step S31).
  • ⁇ h, v is the reception quality estimated in the radiation direction (h, v)
  • N is the expected noise power
  • K 0 is the long reference signal sequence length
  • N and K 0 are constant values. . That is, candidate beam set determination section 301 estimates reception quality when a long reference signal is transmitted using a thin candidate beam.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of reception quality estimation results according to the second embodiment.
  • the amount of radio resources used by the reference signal increases when the long reference signal is used, while the estimation period of the channel estimation value becomes long and noise increases. Therefore, the channel estimation accuracy is improved. Therefore, it is preferable to use a long reference signal with a large noise suppression effect in a radiation direction with a large propagation loss, and conversely, it is preferable to use a short reference signal with a small amount of radio resources used in a radiation direction with a small propagation loss.
  • the candidate beam set determination unit 301 updates the candidate beam set with the candidate beam that maximizes the amount of radio resource usage reduction under predetermined conditions as follows (step S32).
  • the candidate beam set determining unit 301 removes one or more candidate beams from the candidate beam set, covers the same range as the range covered by the removed one or more candidate beams, and removes one of the candidate beams.
  • a candidate beam that uses less radio resources than the above candidate beams is added to the candidate beam set.
  • the candidate beam set determination unit 301 replaces one or more candidate beams with candidate beams that can be searched for the same range with less radio resource usage.
  • the candidate beam set determination unit 301 replaces a plurality of thin candidate beams with one thick candidate beam, or replaces a candidate beam that transmits a long reference signal with a candidate beam that transmits a short reference signal.
  • the candidate beam set determination unit 301 replaces the candidate beam only in the radiation direction that satisfies the predetermined condition shown in Expression (8), and replaces the candidate beam in the radiation direction that does not satisfy the condition of Expression (8). Not performed.
  • K 1 is the sequence length of the short reference signal
  • T ⁇ is a threshold value for reception quality
  • K 1 is a constant value. That is, the candidate beam set determination unit 301 replaces the candidate beam only in the radiation direction in which the reception quality at the user terminal 40 with the replaced candidate beam is equal to or higher than the threshold value. This replacement reduces the amount of radio resources occupied by the candidate beam set.
  • the threshold T ⁇ is preferably set based on reception quality that can ensure the desired channel estimation accuracy in the user terminal 40.
  • the reception quality that can ensure the desired channel estimation accuracy in the user terminal 40 Should be set equal to
  • the threshold T ⁇ is preferably set based on the reception quality that can secure the desired throughput in the user terminal 40, and is set to a value equal to the reception quality that can ensure the desired throughput in the user terminal 40, for example. It is good to be done.
  • candidate beam set determination section 301 determines whether or not the amount of radio resources used by the candidate beam set, that is, the amount of radio resources occupied by the candidate beam set can be reduced. (Step S33). When the reduction is possible (step S33: Yes), the process returns to step S32, and the candidate beam set determination unit 301 replaces the candidate beam again. On the other hand, when reduction is not possible (step S33: No), a process is complete
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a candidate beam set according to the second embodiment.
  • a solid line indicates a candidate beam for transmitting a long reference signal
  • a dotted line indicates a candidate beam for transmitting a short reference signal. That is, in FIG. 16, four thin candidate beams that transmit long reference signals Ba1, Ba2, Ba5, and Ba6 are replaced with one thick candidate beam Bc1 that transmits a long reference signal.
  • each of the thin candidate beams that transmit the long reference signals Ba9, Ba10, Ba14, and Ba15 is replaced with the thin candidate beams Be1, Be2, Be3, and Be4 that transmit the short reference signal.
  • the candidate beam set determination unit 301 sets the sequence length of each reference signal transmitted to the user terminal 40 using each beam of a plurality of candidate beams forming the candidate beam set, in the sector S1. It is determined on the basis of the distribution of propagation loss.
  • the amount of radio resources consumed by beam search changes by adjusting the sequence length of the reference signal even with the same beam width. For this reason, even when radiation directions with small propagation losses are scattered, beam search can be performed with a smaller amount of radio resources than in the past by using a short reference signal with a narrow beam.
  • the candidate beam set determining unit 301 minimizes the amount of radio resources occupied by the candidate beam set under the condition that the reception quality of the reference signal at the user terminal 40 is equal to or higher than the threshold.
  • a candidate beam set is formed from a plurality of candidate beams.
  • the reception quality threshold is set based on the reception quality that can ensure the desired channel estimation accuracy in the user terminal 40 or the reception quality that can ensure the desired throughput in the user terminal 40.
  • the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the beam search is performed again only for a specific user terminal UE.
  • FIG. 17 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the third embodiment.
  • the base station 50 illustrated in FIG. 3 corresponds to the base station BS illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the base station 50 includes a planar antenna 101, a propagation loss acquisition unit 102, and a candidate beam set determination unit 103.
  • the base station 50 includes an RS generation unit 105, an RS beamforming unit 106, a radio transmission unit 107, a radio reception unit 108, a reception processing unit 109, a transmission processing unit 111, and a data beamforming unit. 112.
  • the base station 50 includes a candidate beam set re-determination unit 501, a data transmission beam determination unit 502, a timing notification unit 503, and a candidate beam switching unit 504.
  • the reception processing unit 109 outputs the channel estimation value for each candidate beam reported from each user terminal UE to the candidate beam set re-determination unit 501 and the data transmission beam determination unit 502.
  • the candidate beam set determining unit 103 instructs the candidate beam set determined by performing the processing described in the first embodiment to the candidate beam switching unit 504, the candidate beam set re-determining unit 501, and the data transmission beam determining unit 502.
  • the candidate beam set re-determining unit 501 is only for a specific user terminal UE in which the relationship between the candidate beam set determined by the candidate beam set determining unit 103 and the RSRP included in the channel estimation value satisfies a predetermined condition.
  • the candidate beam set is determined again.
  • Candidate beam set re-determination section 501 determines candidate beam sets re-determined for a specific user terminal UE (hereinafter may be referred to as “re-determined candidate beam sets”) and candidate beam switching section 504 and data transmission beam determination
  • the unit 502 is instructed. Further, the candidate beam set re-determination unit 501 notifies the timing notification unit 503 that the candidate beam set has been determined again together with the identification information of the specific user terminal UE. Details of the redetermination of the candidate beam set will be described later.
  • the candidate beam switching unit 504 is different from the candidate beam switching 104 of the first embodiment in the following points. That is, when the candidate beam switching unit 504 is not instructed by the candidate beam set re-determining unit 501, the candidate beam switching unit 504 is a candidate among the plurality of candidate beams forming the candidate beam set determined by the candidate beam set determining unit 103. Switch the beam. On the other hand, when the candidate beam switching unit 504 is instructed by the candidate beam set re-determining unit 501, the candidate beam switching unit 504 switches candidate beams among a plurality of candidate beams forming the redetermined candidate beam set.
  • the data transmission beam determination unit 502 is different from the data transmission beam determination unit 110 of the first embodiment in the following points. That is, when the candidate beam set re-determining unit 501 does not instruct the re-determined candidate beam set, the data transmission beam is determined based on the candidate beam set determined by the candidate beam set determining unit 103. On the other hand, when instructed by the candidate beam set re-determination unit 501 to determine a re-determined candidate beam set, the data transmission beam determining unit 502 determines a data transmission beam based on the re-determined candidate beam set. The method for determining the data transmission beam is the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the timing notification unit 503 When the candidate beam set re-determination unit 501 is notified that the candidate beam set has been determined again, the timing notification unit 503 performs channel estimation for the specific user terminal UE for which the candidate beam set has been redetermined. A “timing notification” for instructing the timing is generated.
  • the timing notification includes identification information of a specific user terminal UE for which the candidate beam set has been redetermined.
  • the timing notification unit 503 outputs the generated timing notification to the transmission processing unit 111.
  • the transmission processing unit 111 performs baseband processing of encoding and modulation on the timing notification to generate a baseband notification signal, and the generated notification signal is used as a data beamforming unit. To 112.
  • FIG. 18 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a user terminal according to the third embodiment.
  • the user terminal 60 illustrated in FIG. 18 corresponds to the user terminals UE1 and UE2 illustrated in FIGS.
  • the user terminal 60 includes an antenna 21, a wireless reception unit 22, a reception processing unit 23, a transmission processing unit 25, and a wireless transmission unit 26.
  • the user terminal 60 includes a timing instruction unit 61 and a channel estimation unit 62.
  • the wireless reception unit 22 performs down-conversion and analog-to-digital conversion wireless processing on the notification signal received from the base station 50 via the antenna 21 to generate a baseband notification signal. Obtained and output to the reception processing unit 23.
  • the reception processing unit 23 performs demodulation and decoding baseband processing on the baseband notification signal in addition to the processing of the first embodiment, obtains a timing notification, and outputs the timing notification to the timing instruction unit 61.
  • the timing instruction unit 61 determines whether or not the timing notification input from the reception processing unit 23 is addressed to the own terminal. If the timing notification is addressed to the own terminal, execution of the channel estimation notified by the timing notification is performed. The timing is instructed to the channel estimation unit 62. The timing instruction unit 61 determines whether or not the timing notification is addressed to the terminal itself based on the identification information included in the timing notification.
  • the channel estimation unit 62 performs the following processing in addition to the processing of the channel estimation unit 24 of the first embodiment. That is, the channel estimation unit 62 performs channel estimation for each candidate beam again at the execution timing instructed from the timing instruction unit 61. The channel estimation performed at the execution timing instructed from the timing instruction unit 61 is performed based on the reference signal transmitted using the candidate beam forming the redetermination candidate beam set.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing sequence of the communication system according to the third embodiment.
  • the processing in steps S11 to S13 is the same as that in the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
  • step S41 the base station 50 determines the candidate beam set again when the relationship between the candidate beam set determined in step S11 and the RSRP for each candidate beam reported in step S13 satisfies a predetermined condition. (Step S41).
  • the base station 50 determines whether or not the candidate beam set has been changed, that is, whether or not the candidate beam set has been re-determined in step S41 (step S42).
  • the base station 50 determines a data transmission beam based on the channel estimation value for each candidate beam reported in step S13 (step S46). .
  • step S42 when there is a change in the candidate beam set (step S42: Yes), the base station 50 transmits to the user terminal 60 a timing notification for instructing the timing for performing channel estimation (step S43).
  • the base station 50 switches the candidate beam in the redetermination candidate beam set and transmits a reference signal (steps S44-1 to S44-M and M are the number of candidate beams forming the redetermination candidate beam set). .
  • the user terminal 60 reports the channel estimation value for each candidate beam in the redetermination candidate beam set to the base station 50 (step S45).
  • the base station 50 determines a data transmission beam based on the channel estimation value for each candidate beam reported in step S45 (step S46). ).
  • the candidate beam set determined in the first embodiment may include a thick candidate beam
  • the data transmission beam determined by the beam search may also have a large beam width. Since the BF gain of the data signal is larger as the beam width of the data transmission beam is smaller, the BF gain of the data signal may be reduced when the candidate beam set includes a thick candidate beam.
  • the RSRP in the thin candidate beam before the replacement with the thick candidate beam is larger than the RSRP in the thick candidate beam. There is a possibility.
  • the candidate beam set re-determination unit 501 re-selects the candidate beam set for the user terminal UE having the largest RSRP with a thick candidate beam in the candidate beam set as follows. By determining, the beam is re-searched using the thin candidate beam.
  • FIG. 20 is a flowchart for explaining the processing of the candidate beam set re-determination unit according to the third embodiment.
  • the flowchart shown in FIG. 20 is started when the candidate beam set determined by the candidate beam set determining unit 103 is instructed to the candidate beam set re-determining unit 501.
  • the candidate beam set redetermining unit 501 sets the variable n to an initial value “0” (step S51).
  • the candidate beam set redetermining unit 501 determines whether n is less than N (step S52).
  • N is the number of thick candidate beams included in the candidate beam set determined by the candidate beam set determining unit 103.
  • n is not less than N, that is, when n becomes N or more (step S52: No)
  • the process ends.
  • step S52 Yes
  • the candidate beam set redetermining unit 501 increments n by one (step S53).
  • the candidate beam set re-determining unit 501 determines whether there is a user terminal UE in which the relationship between the candidate beam set determined by the candidate beam set determining unit 103 and the RSRP for each candidate beam satisfies a predetermined condition. to decide. That is, candidate beam set re-determining section 501 determines whether or not there is a user terminal UE having the largest RSRP in thick candidate beam n among all candidate beams forming the candidate beam set (step S54). . When it does not exist (step S54: No), the process returns to step S52, and when it exists (step S54: Yes), the process proceeds to step S55.
  • step S55 the candidate beam set re-determining unit 501 determines the candidate beam set again for the user terminal UE having the largest RSRP with the thick candidate beam n. That is, the candidate beam set re-determination unit 501 divides the thick candidate beam n into a plurality of thin candidate beams that cover the same range as the range covered by the thick candidate beam n, and a plurality of thin candidates after the division A candidate beam set formed only from the beams is determined as a new candidate beam set (step S55). However, the candidate beam set re-determining unit 501 re-decision candidates among the plurality of thin candidate beams after division that have already been used for reference signal transmission in steps S12-1 to S12-N (FIG. 19). It is preferable to exclude from the beam set. After the process of step S55, the process returns to step S52.
  • FIG. 21 shows an example of the candidate beam set after being determined again according to the flowchart shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a redetermination candidate beam set according to the third embodiment.
  • the hatched radiation direction is the radiation direction in which the reference signal has already been transmitted using the thin candidate beam in the first embodiment (FIG. 11).
  • the thick candidate beam Bb3 is divided into a plurality of thin candidate beams covering the same range as the range covered by the thick candidate beam Bb3, the thick candidate beam Bb3 is divided into four thin candidate beams Bf1 to Bf4. . Therefore, the candidate beam set re-determination unit 501 forms a new candidate beam set from only the thin candidate beams Bf1 to Bf4 for the user terminal UE having the largest RSRP in the thick candidate beam Bb3. Therefore, the reference signal is transmitted again from the planar antenna 101 using only the thin candidate beams Bf1 to Bf4.
  • the candidate beam set redetermining unit 501 forms a new candidate beam set from only the remaining thin candidate beams Bf1 and Bf2 obtained by removing the thin candidate beams Bf3 and Bf4 from the thin candidate beams Bf1 to Bf4 after the division. preferable.
  • the candidate beam set re-determination unit 501 divides a thick candidate beam included in the candidate beam set into thin candidate beams based on RSRP in the user terminal 60.
  • the planar antenna 101 transmits the reference signal again to the user terminal 60 using only the thin candidate beam after the division.
  • an optimal data transmission beam can be determined for each user terminal UE while suppressing an increase in the amount of radio resources used.
  • a candidate beam set This determination may be made in a long cycle of about once every few days, for example.
  • the third embodiment can be implemented in combination with the second embodiment.
  • a base station is sometimes called an “access point”.
  • two types of candidate beam widths are given as examples.
  • two types of reference signal sequence lengths long and short, are given as examples.
  • a circular beam is used as an example of a thick candidate beam.
  • the shape of the thick candidate beam may be an ellipse.
  • the four thin candidate beams Ba1, Ba2, Ba3, Ba4 shown in FIG. 8 may be replaced with one thick candidate beam.
  • the antenna of the base station BS is not limited to a planar antenna.
  • the base stations 10, 30, 50 and the user terminals 20, 40, 60 do not necessarily need to be physically configured as illustrated.
  • the specific form of distribution / integration of each functional unit is not limited to the one shown in the figure, and all or a part thereof is functionally or physically distributed in arbitrary units according to various loads and usage conditions.
  • -Can be integrated and configured.
  • the candidate beam set determination unit 103 and the candidate beam set re-determination unit 501 may be combined into one functional unit.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of the base station.
  • the base stations 10, 30, and 50 include a processor 10a, a memory 10b, a wireless communication module 10c, and a network interface module 10d as hardware components.
  • the processor 10a include a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), and an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
  • the base station 10 may have an LSI (Large Scale Integrated circuit) including a processor 10a and peripheral circuits.
  • Examples of the memory 10b include RAM such as SDRAM, ROM, flash memory, and the like.
  • the planar antenna 101, the wireless transmission unit 107, and the wireless reception unit 108 are realized by the wireless communication module 10c.
  • the data transmission beam determination units 110 and 502, the transmission processing unit 111, the data beam forming unit 112, the candidate beam set re-determination unit 501, and the timing notification unit 503 are realized by the processor 10a.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of the user terminal.
  • the user terminals 20, 40, and 60 include a processor 20a, a memory 20b, and a wireless communication module 20c as hardware components.
  • the processor 20a include a CPU, DSP, FPGA, and the like.
  • the user terminal 20 may have an LSI including a processor 20a and peripheral circuits.
  • the memory 20b include RAM such as SDRAM, ROM, flash memory, and the like.
  • the antenna 21, the wireless reception unit 22, and the wireless transmission unit 26 are realized by the wireless communication module 20c.
  • the reception processing unit 23, the channel estimation units 24, 42, and 62, the RS sequence estimation unit 41, and the timing instruction unit 61 are realized by the processor 20a.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une station de base, la quantité de ressources radio consommée par des recherches de faisceau pouvant être réduite. Dans la station de base (10) qui effectue une formation de faisceau pour un terminal utilisateur, une unité d'acquisition d'affaiblissement de propagation (102) acquiert une distribution d'affaiblissements de propagation dans un secteur. Une unité de détermination d'un ensemble de faisceaux candidats (103) détermine un ensemble de faisceaux candidats sur la base de la distribution d'affaiblissements de propagation. Plus particulièrement, l'unité de détermination d'un ensemble de faisceaux candidats (103) détermine un ensemble de faisceaux candidats constitué par une pluralité de faisceaux candidats comprenant des faisceaux candidats minces et épais, ayant chacun une largeur de faisceau basée sur la distribution d'affaiblissements de propagation. Une antenne plane (101) transmet des signaux de référence pour le terminal utilisateur à l'aide des antennes respectives de la pluralité de faisceaux candidats constituant le candidat ensemble de faisceaux.
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