WO2016080825A1 - Development of characterization and synthesis of natural fish bone activated carbon and hydroxyapatite through heat treatment - Google Patents
Development of characterization and synthesis of natural fish bone activated carbon and hydroxyapatite through heat treatment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016080825A1 WO2016080825A1 PCT/MY2015/050003 MY2015050003W WO2016080825A1 WO 2016080825 A1 WO2016080825 A1 WO 2016080825A1 MY 2015050003 W MY2015050003 W MY 2015050003W WO 2016080825 A1 WO2016080825 A1 WO 2016080825A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fish bone
- activated carbon
- hydroxyapatite
- heat treatment
- hour
- Prior art date
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 21
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241001286462 Caio Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/32—Phosphates of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
Definitions
- This present invention discloses generally about development of characterization and synthesizing natural hydroxyapatite and activated carbon originated from Tamban fish bone waste through heat treatment method.
- the present invention realizes that the fish processing community has not been the recipients of clear and sufficient information about what they can obtain from the fish bone waste. Thus, community participation in the transfer of knowledge has to be encouraged to provide the correct information about the harnessing of fish bone waste.
- organic compound such as protein, fat, college and gelatin
- the dried fish bones then passed grinding process using grinder (juicer commercial) until become powder. After that, the powder filtered using sevier machine until the powder size become under 50 microns.
- the heat treatment applied to the fish bone powder In the form of powder, the heat treatment applied to the fish bone powder.
- the first one in the form of powder
- Activated Carbon which is burned inside a furnace machine for at 300°C-600°C in 15 minutes.
- Hydroxyapatite which is burned for an hour at 1000°C to 1300°C.
- the order in heat treatment divided into two steps.
- the first step objective is to terminate organic compound in the fish bone which is heat-treated applied at 600 °C. After that, 15 minutes will apply as soaking hour.
- the second step is continue the heat treatment begin at 600°C until 1300°C.
- the second product is Hydroxyapatite and Activated Carbon in granule form.
- the process begins with mixing the fish bone powder with clay material with 60:40 portions. After that, the mixing portion compressed using compaction machine with 15 tan momentums into granule balls with having ll-13mm sizes. Separate the granule ball into two groups. The first group is burned inside furnace machine at 500°C for one hour (carbonization process) and it will continue for activate the carbon using heat treatment at 700°C for an hour and the end product is granule activated carbon. The second group is burned inside a furnace machine at 1000°C until 1300°C for an hour to get granular hydroxyapatite. The order in heat treatment divided into two steps. The first step objective is to terminate organic compound in the fish bone which is heat-treated applied at 600 °C. After that, 15 minutes will apply as soaking hour. The second step is continue the heat treatment begin at 600°C until 1300°C Fourth Phase
- TGA and DTA result showed the removal organic proportion from Tamban fish bone.
- This product may be used inside a conventional cartridge water filter as the properties to eradicate the odor and dissolve heavy metal in the water and create clean and high calcium water.
- the AC and HA in powder is also safe to be used in chocolate to create a high calcium chocolate.
- FIG. 1 illustrate TGA and DTA result showed the removal organic proportion from Tamban fish bone.
- FIG. 3 illustrate SEM result show picture microstructure of the raw fish powder.
- Figure 4 illustrate FTIR result showed the amount of component in Hydroxyapatite.
- Figure 5 illustrate XRF / XRD result show diffraction patent of Hydroxyapatite
- Figure 6 illustrate the nutrition contain in Hydroxyapatite.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
The natural (1) fish bone activated carbon and hydroxyapatite powder can be obtain by involving process of separated part of fish, boiling (2), drying (3), grinding (4), heat treatment method (5), mixing (6) and compressed (7).
Description
Title:
DEVELOPMENT OF CHARACTERIZATION AND SYNTHESIS OF NATURAL FISH BONE ACTIVATED CARBON AND HYDROXYAPATITE THROUGH HEAT TREATMENT Technical Field
This present invention discloses generally about development of characterization and synthesizing natural hydroxyapatite and activated carbon originated from Tamban fish bone waste through heat treatment method.
Background Art Fish bone waste is a waste that possesses economic value that has been abundant by the community of fish processing in Malaysia. Researchers have undertaken many studies regarding the benefits of fish bone which is one of the bioorganic sources, and one of the most potential ceramic compound in the fish bone is Hydroxyapatite Caio(P04) 6(OH) 2. Hydroxyapatite is a thermodynamically most stable crystalline phase of calcium phosphate in body fluid, good chemical homogeneity, possesses the most similarity to the mineral part of bone. Looking at available of manmade Hydroxyapatite have been recently limited, expensive and using manmade chemical as one of the method in producing Hydroxyapatite, natural hydroxyapatite will be an important sources of calcium phosphate in the future. From this innovation, The result show that the bioactivity in Hydroxyapatite makes it has a lot of functionality such as heavy metal remover, bacterial growth inhibitor and etc.
Summary of invention
The present invention realizes that the fish processing community has not been the recipients of clear and sufficient information about what they can obtain from the fish bone waste. Thus, community participation in the transfer of knowledge has to be encouraged to provide the correct information about the harnessing of fish bone waste.
First Phase
Fish bone waste collected by fish processing community and being cleaned first, separate from unused part such as head, tail and scale. After that, the fish bone are then boiled to separate fish bone from organic compound such as protein, fat, college and
gelatin, leaving only inorganic compound. The boiling process is repeated several times, preferably five times, until the organic compound gone. Next, the boiled fish bone dried under sunshine or drying them in an oven at 100°C-200°C for the totally dried.
Second Phase
The dried fish bones then passed grinding process using grinder (juicer commercial) until become powder. After that, the powder filtered using sevier machine until the powder size become under 50 microns.
Third Phase
In the form of powder, the heat treatment applied to the fish bone powder. During this phase, two main products will be produce; the first one (in the form of powder) is Activated Carbon which is burned inside a furnace machine for at 300°C-600°C in 15 minutes. Secondly is Hydroxyapatite which is burned for an hour at 1000°C to 1300°C. The order in heat treatment divided into two steps. The first step objective is to terminate organic compound in the fish bone which is heat-treated applied at 600 °C. After that, 15 minutes will apply as soaking hour. The second step is continue the heat treatment begin at 600°C until 1300°C. The second product is Hydroxyapatite and Activated Carbon in granule form. To produce Activated Carbon granule, the process begins with mixing the fish bone powder with clay material with 60:40 portions. After that, the mixing portion compressed using compaction machine with 15 tan momentums into granule balls with having ll-13mm sizes. Separate the granule ball into two groups. The first group is burned inside furnace machine at 500°C for one hour (carbonization process) and it will continue for activate the carbon using heat treatment at 700°C for an hour and the end product is granule activated carbon. The second group is burned inside a furnace machine at 1000°C until 1300°C for an hour to get granular hydroxyapatite. The order in heat treatment divided into two steps. The first step objective is to terminate organic compound in the fish bone which is heat-treated applied at 600 °C. After that, 15 minutes will apply as soaking hour. The second step is continue the heat treatment begin at 600°C until 1300°C
Fourth Phase
All the created AC and HA will having characterization of the sample using TGA, DTA, XRF, XRD, SEM EDS and FTIR test to make sure it's safe to consume.
TGA and DTA result showed the removal organic proportion from Tamban fish bone.
SEM result show picture of contain porous structure of the raw fish powder. FTIR result showed the amount of component in Hydroxyapatite.
XRF / XRD result show diffraction patent of Hydroxyapatite.
This product may be used inside a conventional cartridge water filter as the properties to eradicate the odor and dissolve heavy metal in the water and create clean and high calcium water. The AC and HA in powder is also safe to be used in chocolate to create a high calcium chocolate.
Description of Drawing and the Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
In order that the invention may be more readily understood and put it into practical effect, a preferred illustrated compound and process also specific result of the invention will now describe with references to the accompanying drawing. In which: Figure 1 illustrates Natural Hydroxyapatite and Activated Carbone process flow
Figure 2 illustrate TGA and DTA result showed the removal organic proportion from Tamban fish bone.
Figure 3 illustrate SEM result show picture microstructure of the raw fish powder. Figure 4 illustrate FTIR result showed the amount of component in Hydroxyapatite. Figure 5 illustrate XRF / XRD result show diffraction patent of Hydroxyapatite Figure 6 illustrate the nutrition contain in Hydroxyapatite.
Claims
1. The NATURAL (1) FISH BONE ACTIVATED CARBON AND HYDROXYAPATITE powder can be obtain by involving process of separated part of fish, boiling (2), drying (3), grinding (4), heat treatment method (5), mixing (6) and compressed (7).
2. The NATURAL FISH BONE ACTIVATED CARBON AND HYDROXYAPATITE powder according to claim 1, preparation of Hydroxyapatite particle obtain without using any solvent or manmade chemical by allowing the fish bone powder to react with heat treatment.
3. The NATURAL FISH BONE ACTIVATED CARBON AND HYDROXYAPATITE powder according to claim 2, characterised in that fish bone are then boiled to separate fish bone from organic compound such as protein, fat, college and gelatin, leaving only inorganic compound. The boiling process is repeated several times, preferably five times, until the organic compound gone.
4. The NATURAL FISH BONE ACTIVATED CARBON AND HYDROXYAPATITE powder according to claim 3, characterised in that boiled fish bone dried under sunshine or drying them in an oven at 100°C-200°C for the totally dried.
5. The NATURAL FISH BONE ACTIVATED CARBON AND HYDROXYAPATITE powder according to claim 4, characterised in that dried fish bone grinding process using grinder (juicer commercial) until become powder. After that, the powder filtered using sevier machine until the powder size become under 50 microns.
6. The NATURAL FISH BONE ACTIVATED CARBON AND HYDROXYAPATITE powder according to claim 5, characterised in that during this phase, two main products will be produce; the first one (in the form of powder) is Activated Carbon which is burned inside a furnace machine for 1 hour at 300°C-600°C in 15 minutes. Secondly is Hydroxyapatite which is burned for an hour at 1000°C to 1300°C. The order in heat treatment divided into two steps. The first step objective is to terminate organic compound in the fish bone which is heat-treated applied at 600 °C. After that, 15 minutes will apply as soaking hour. The second step is continue the heat treatment begin at 600°C until 1300°C. Separate the granule ball into two groups. The first group is burned inside furnace machine at 500°C for one hour (carbonization process) and it will
continue for activate the carbon using heat treatment at 700°C for an hour and the end product is granule activated carbon. The second group is burned inside a furnace machine at 1000°C until 1300°C for an hour to get granular hydroxyapatite. The order in heat treatment divided into two steps. The first step objective is to terminate organic compound in the fish bone which is heat-treated applied at 600 °C. After that, 15 minutes will apply as soaking hour. The second step is continue the heat treatment begin at 600°C until 1300°C
7. The NATURAL FISH BONE ACTIVATED CARBON AND HYDROXYAPATITE powder according to claim 6, characterised in that process begins with mixing the fish bone powder with clay material with 60:40 portions 8. The NATURAL FISH BONE ACTIVATED CARBON AND HYDROXYAPATITE powder according to claim 7, characterised in that mixing portion compressed using compaction machine with 15 tan momentums into granule balls with having ll-13mm sizes
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MYPI2014003209 | 2014-11-18 | ||
| MYPI2014003209 | 2014-11-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016080825A1 true WO2016080825A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
Family
ID=56014258
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/MY2015/050003 WO2016080825A1 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2015-01-28 | Development of characterization and synthesis of natural fish bone activated carbon and hydroxyapatite through heat treatment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2016080825A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109850893A (en) * | 2019-01-27 | 2019-06-07 | 合肥学院 | A kind of preparation method and application of ox bone active carbon |
| CN112265991A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-26 | 浙江大学 | Preparation method for preparing mesoporous-rich hierarchical porous carbon by using geminal substances |
| CN113697793A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-26 | 江苏筑原生物科技研究院有限公司 | Preparation of bone-based biochar and application of bone-based biochar in carbon dioxide reduction |
| CN114985415A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-02 | 张弦 | Bone powder harmless treatment and product preservation method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH026306A (en) * | 1988-04-28 | 1990-01-10 | Sanai Fujita | Active material consisting essentially of animal bone and production thereof |
| JPH03164411A (en) * | 1989-11-24 | 1991-07-16 | Taiyo Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Novel fired apatite |
| JPH09278425A (en) * | 1996-02-07 | 1997-10-28 | Advance Co Ltd | Calcium phosphate compound |
-
2015
- 2015-01-28 WO PCT/MY2015/050003 patent/WO2016080825A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH026306A (en) * | 1988-04-28 | 1990-01-10 | Sanai Fujita | Active material consisting essentially of animal bone and production thereof |
| JPH03164411A (en) * | 1989-11-24 | 1991-07-16 | Taiyo Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Novel fired apatite |
| JPH09278425A (en) * | 1996-02-07 | 1997-10-28 | Advance Co Ltd | Calcium phosphate compound |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109850893A (en) * | 2019-01-27 | 2019-06-07 | 合肥学院 | A kind of preparation method and application of ox bone active carbon |
| CN112265991A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-26 | 浙江大学 | Preparation method for preparing mesoporous-rich hierarchical porous carbon by using geminal substances |
| CN112265991B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-03-25 | 浙江大学 | Preparation method for preparing mesoporous-rich hierarchical porous carbon by using geminal substances |
| CN113697793A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-26 | 江苏筑原生物科技研究院有限公司 | Preparation of bone-based biochar and application of bone-based biochar in carbon dioxide reduction |
| CN114985415A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-02 | 张弦 | Bone powder harmless treatment and product preservation method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Izidoro et al. | Synthesis of zeolites X and A from fly ashes for cadmium and zinc removal from aqueous solutions in single and binary ion systems | |
| Mohamed et al. | Rice husk ash as a renewable source for the production of zeolite NaY and its characterization | |
| WO2016080825A1 (en) | Development of characterization and synthesis of natural fish bone activated carbon and hydroxyapatite through heat treatment | |
| Santasnachok et al. | The use of synthesized zeolites from power plant rice husk ash obtained from Thailand as adsorbent for cadmium contamination removal from zinc mining | |
| CN106457235B (en) | For the system and method from ardealite removal of impurity and manufacture gypsum adhesive and product | |
| Corrêa et al. | Fish bone as a source of raw material for synthesis of calcium phosphate | |
| US9758377B2 (en) | Extraction of hydroxyapatite from fish scales employing ionic liquids | |
| Ahmad et al. | Properties of waste eggshell as calcium oxide catalyst | |
| CN104030311A (en) | Method for preparing micron-scaled analcite | |
| CN107428549A (en) | The manufacture method of zeolite beta | |
| Ideia et al. | Extraction and characterization of hydroxyapatite‐based materials from grey triggerfish skin and black scabbardfish bones | |
| EP2760490B1 (en) | Method of preparing porous carbonate apatite from natural bone | |
| JP6351008B2 (en) | Hydroxyapatite derived from fish bone | |
| CN109748475A (en) | A kind of method of bio oil deacidification upgrading | |
| AU2014259596A1 (en) | Process for the treatment of kaolin | |
| Yunusa et al. | Preparation of high grade silica from rice husk for zeolite synthesis | |
| JP2009107854A (en) | Method for manufacturing hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite | |
| KR20190115873A (en) | Manufacturing method of alkarine mineral water | |
| JP6698658B2 (en) | Carbon precursor derived from plant material | |
| JP2009107854A5 (en) | ||
| Maknun et al. | Synthesis of silica xerogel based bagasse ash as a methylene blue adsorbent on textile waste | |
| Sockalingam et al. | Preparations of hydroxyapatite from Tilapia scales | |
| Kerian | Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite powder from fish bones and scales using calcination method | |
| JP2012250225A (en) | Method for treating palm waste oil | |
| JP6906747B2 (en) | Method for producing cesium and strontium adsorbents derived from coal ash |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15861506 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 15861506 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |