WO2016078966A1 - Procédé de blindage d'un substrat, utilisation d'une composition de peinture pour le blindage d'un substrat, et substrat blindé - Google Patents

Procédé de blindage d'un substrat, utilisation d'une composition de peinture pour le blindage d'un substrat, et substrat blindé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016078966A1
WO2016078966A1 PCT/EP2015/076200 EP2015076200W WO2016078966A1 WO 2016078966 A1 WO2016078966 A1 WO 2016078966A1 EP 2015076200 W EP2015076200 W EP 2015076200W WO 2016078966 A1 WO2016078966 A1 WO 2016078966A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
substrate
paint composition
range
mbq
particles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/076200
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English (en)
Inventor
Antonius Eijkenboom
Hermanus IJDEMA
Original Assignee
Pp&C Technology B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pp&C Technology B.V. filed Critical Pp&C Technology B.V.
Publication of WO2016078966A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016078966A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D131/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D131/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C09D131/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G21F1/023—Liquids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G21F1/10—Organic substances; Dispersions in organic carriers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of shielding a substrate which substrate comprises a source of thoron.
  • the invention also relates to a use of the paint composition for shielding the substrate.
  • the invention also relates to a shielded substrate comprising the substrate and a hardened paint layer.
  • Buildings in which people live or work may comprise walls, ceilings or floors which have been constructed from building materials having, for example, a mineral origin.
  • building materials having a mineral origin are concrete, rock and gypsum.
  • Other building materials of relevance to this invention include, for example, loam, clay, turf, or dung.
  • Such building materials may include small amounts of naturally occurring elements which have a high atomic number and which show a slow radioactive decay with formation of various decay products. When such decay products are gaseous, they may be emitted from the walls, ceilings or floors into the interior of the buildings. Radon and thoron are such gaseous decay products. Radon and thoron are radioactive isotopes.
  • the emission of radioactive isotopes into the interior of buildings is considered to represent a health risk to people who live or work in such interiors.
  • the emission of thoron is considered dangerous, because thoron has a half-life of about 55 seconds, and may therefore decay to a substantial extent before it is removed from the interior by ventilation, whether natural or forced ventilation. Radon has a half-life about 3.8 days and may be effectively removed from the interior before substantial decay.
  • the present invention provides a method of shielding a substrate comprising a source of thoron, which method comprises applying a layer of a paint composition adjacent to the substrate, wherein the paint composition comprises
  • the present invention also provides a use of a paint composition for shielding a substrate comprising a source of thoron, wherein the paint composition comprises
  • the present invention also provides a shielded substrate comprising - a substrate comprising a source of thoron, and
  • a hardened paint layer which is obtainable by hardening a layer of a paint composition comprising
  • the hardened paint layer provides a barrier to thoron to such an extent that a considerable portion, if not all, of the thoron decays inside the hardened paint layer before it has reached the interior of the building. In this way substantial, if not complete, shielding in respect of thoron is achieved. It is an advantage of the invention that it provides for a hardened paint layer which is sufficiently permeable to moisture from the substrate, with relatively little detriment to the shielding effect in respect of thoron.
  • the invention may be applied in association with any building in which people spend time, for example, for living or working. Examples of such buildings are domestic houses, offices, factories, workshops and hospitals.
  • the substrate may be any wall, floor or ceiling of such a building, or a portion of such a wall, floor or ceiling. In particular, the substrate may be adjacent to the interior of the building.
  • the substrate may include separation walls, exterior walls and inner walls of cavity walls.
  • the substrate comprises a source of thoron. Thoron may be designated 220 n. Sources of thoron may be thorium or radium.
  • the substrate may be based on, for example, gypsum, concrete, rock, loam, clay, turf, or dung.
  • the substrate may comprise, for example, blocks, board or plaster. Useful substrates may be formed from, or may comprise, gypsum blocks, gypsum board, gypsum plaster, concrete slabs, or concrete blocks.
  • the substrate as such may exhibit a thoron exhalation rate, expressed in mBq/(m 2 .s), of at least 0.5 mBq/(m 2 .s), in particular at least 1 mBq/(m 2 .s), more in particular at least 2 mBq/(m 2 .s), typically at least 4 mBq/(m 2 .s), and more typically at least 6 mBq/(m .s).
  • a thoron exhalation rate expressed in mBq/(m 2 .s), of at least 0.5 mBq/(m 2 .s), in particular at least 1 mBq/(m 2 .s), more in particular at least 2 mBq/(m 2 .s), typically at least 4 mBq/(m 2 .s), and more typically at least 6 mBq/(m .s).
  • the substrate as such may frequently exhibit a thoron exhalation rate of at most 5000 mBq/(m 2 .s), in particular at most 2000 mBq/(m 2 .s), more in particular at most 1000 mBq/(m 2 .s), typically at most 800 mBq/(m 2 .s), and more typically at most 600 mBq/(m 2 .s).
  • thoron exhalation rate is as measured by the method known from G. De With, P. De Jong and A. Rottger, "Measurement of thoron exhalation rates from building materials", Health Physics Society, 107 (3) pp. 206 - 212 (2014), wherein the method involves conditioning four 0.15 x 0.15 x 0.15 m 3 test samples at 20 °C and 50 % relative humidity as described therein, and arranging the four conditioned samples in the exhalation chamber for exhalation rate measurement under the Standard test conditions as defined therein.
  • the invention provides for applying a layer of a paint composition adjacent to the substrate.
  • the layer of the paint composition may be applied between the interior of the building and the substrate.
  • the layer of the paint composition may applied onto the substrate.
  • the substrate has been covered with a finishing layer, in which case the layer of the paint composition may applied onto the finishing layer, so that the finishing layer is a layer intermediate between the substrate and the layer of the paint composition.
  • finishing layers may be wall paper, or wood panelling. It is conceivable that the paint composition is applied in accordance with this invention after the relevant wall, floor or ceiling has been constructed.
  • the paint composition is applied before the wall, floor or ceiling has been constructed, for example the paint composition is applied onto gypsum blocks, gypsum board, concrete slabs, or concrete blocks after manufacture of the blocks, the board or the slabs before they are used in the construction of the wall, floor or ceiling.
  • the paint composition comprises an aqueous emulsion of a non-cross- linkable polymer.
  • the non-cross-linkable polymer may be selected from poly(vinyl acetate)s and, preferably, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers.
  • the hardening process is basically a physical process comprising the evaporation of water present in the paint composition.
  • non-cross-linkable polymers may be present, in addition to poly(vinyl acetate)s and/or ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, for example, poly(alkyl acrylate)s, polyurethanes, and poly(alkyl methacrylate)s.
  • the ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers comprise monomer units based on vinyl acetate in a quantity of at least 60 %w, more preferably at least 70 %w, and preferably at most 98 %w, more preferably at most 96 %w, based on the weight of the copolymer.
  • the ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers comprise monomer units based on ethylene in a quantity of at least 2 %w, more preferably at least 4 %w, and preferably at most 40 %w, more preferably at most 30 %w, based on the weight of the copolymer.
  • Other monomer units for example based on propylene, styrene, an alkyl acrylate, or acrylonitrile, may be present, typically in a quantity of at most 10 %w, more typically at most 5 %w, based on the weight of the copolymer.
  • the minimum film forming temperature of the polymer may typically be at least -2 °C, more typically at least 3 °C, and preferably at least 10 °C. In the normal practice of this invention, the minimum film forming temperature of the polymer may typically be at most 20 °C, and more typically at most 15 °C.
  • the minimum film forming temperature may also be referred to by the abbreviation "MFFT". As used herein, the minimum film forming
  • the polymer for use in this invention may be supplied in the form of an aqueous emulsion.
  • emulsions may comprise water in a quantity in the range of from 20 to 80 %w, more typically from 30 to 70 %w, in particular from 40 to 60 %w, relative to the weight of the aqueous emulsion.
  • emulsions may comprise the polymer in a quantity in the range of from 20 to 80 %w, more typically from 30 to 70 %w, in particular from 40 to 60 %w, relative to the weight of the aqueous emulsion.
  • an aqueous emulsion of an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer is available from WACKER CHEMIE A.G., Kunststoff, Germany, as VINNAPAS 401 dispersion (WACKER and VINNAPAS 401 are trademarks), from VINAVIL S.p.A., Milan, Italy, as VINAVYL EVA 04 emulsion and VINAVYL EVA 09 emulsion (VINAVIL, VINAVYL EVA 04 and VINAVYL EVA 09 are trademarks), or from
  • an aqueous emulsion of a poly(vinyl acetate) is available from CELANESE Company, as VINAMUL 8481 emulsion.
  • the paint composition comprises, in addition to the aqueous emulsion of the polymer, a filler comprising mica.
  • the mica component of the filler is typically a phyllosilicate mineral having a layered or platy structure.
  • the particle size distribution may be assessed by means of a sieve analysis.
  • the mica component comprises typically a particle size distribution such that
  • %w is relative to the total weight of the particles subjected to the sieve analysis, and the MESH sieves and the sieve analysis are according to ASTM E1 1.
  • Suitable mica components for use in this invention are known in the art.
  • water ground mica 325 mesh may be employed, which is commercially available from Mahlwerk Neubauer-Friedrich Geffers GMBH., Hamburg, Germany, or from IME YS S.A., Paris, France.
  • the filler may comprise inorganic microbeads.
  • the use of a filler comprising inorganic microbeads as an additional component may be preferred as paint compositions comprising inorganic microbeads have a relatively low viscosity and may be processed relatively easily into thin layers.
  • the inorganic microbeads may be employed as an additional component substantially without detriment to the thoron shielding capability of the hardened paint layer.
  • the inorganic microbeads for use in this invention may comprise hollow or solid spherical beads. Typically they have a particle size
  • - at most 10 %v of the inorganic microbeads represents beads having a diameter of at most 2 ⁇ , preferably at most 1.5 ⁇ and more preferably at most 1 ⁇ ;
  • - at least 50 %v represents beads having a diameter of at most 8 ⁇ , preferably at most 7 ⁇ and more preferably at most 6 ⁇ ;
  • - at least 90 %v represents beads having a diameter of at most 30 ⁇ , preferably at most 27 ⁇ and more preferably at most 24 ⁇ .
  • the particle size distribution of the inorganic microbeads as specified herein is as it can be measured according to ASTM F751-83 (1997), typically by using a MULTISIZER 3 COULTER COUNTER analyser, available from Beckman Coulter Nederland B.V., Woerden, The Netherlands (MULTISIZER 3 COULTER COUNTER is a trademark).
  • the inorganic microbeads may be available and suitably applied in the invention as a gray material, or, preferably, as a white material.
  • the inorganic microbeads for use in this invention are known in the art. They may be, for example, ceramic microbeads or glass microbeads. Ceramic microbeads are generally crystalline materials, whereas glass microbeads are generally non-crystalline materials.
  • the ceramic microbeads may be commercially available from 3M Company, St Paul, Minnesota, USA (3M is a trademark), under the name ZEEOSPHERES microbeads or
  • MICROPSHERE microbeads (ZEEOSPHERES and MICROSPHERE are trademarks). Preferred types of ZEEOSPHERES microbeads are designated G-400. Preferred types of MICROSPHERES microbeads are designated W- 610 and W-210.
  • the ceramic microbeads may be hollow alumina silicate based materials, known as cenospheres, which may be available from Plomp Mineral Services B.V., Sleeuwijk, The Netherlands. Hollow glass based microbeads may be commercially available from 3M Company, St Paul, Minnesota, USA, under the trademark 3M GLASS
  • the paint composition may comprise other filler materials, such as diatomaceous earth, talc, chalk, or one or more kinds of calcium alumina silicates, such as feldspar.
  • the total quantity of mica and inorganic microbeads, if any, in the filler may typically be at least 40 %w, more typically at least 50 %w, relative to the weight of the filler.
  • the paint composition comprises an aqueous emulsion of a polymer
  • the paint composition comprises water.
  • the paint composition may comprise one or more diluents in addition to water, such as glycols, for example propylene glycol or butylene glycol; glycol ethers, for example propylene glycol phenyl ether, commercially available from Dow Chemical Company under the trademark DOWANOL PPh glycol ether (DOWANOL is a trademark); and ester alcohols, for example 2,2,4-trimethyl-l,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, which is commercially available as EASTMAN TEXANOL Ester Alcohol (EASTMAN and TEXANOL are trademarks).
  • glycols for example propylene glycol or butylene glycol
  • glycol ethers for example propylene glycol phenyl ether
  • DOWANOL propylene glycol phenyl ether
  • ester alcohols for example 2,2,4-trimethyl-l,3-
  • such diluents have a boiling point of at least 150 °C, preferably at least 200 °C, and more preferably at least 220 °C, when measured at a pressure of 0.1 MPa.
  • Such high-boiling diluents have advantageously a relatively low volatility.
  • such diluents have a boiling point of at most 350 °C, and preferably at most 300 °C, when measured at a pressure of 0.1 MPa.
  • the paint composition may or may not additionally comprise one or more pigments, surface active components, dispersants, stabilisers, thickening agents, anti foam components, components for pH control, and/or
  • Dispersants may include dispersants which are available from Elementis Specialties, East Windsor, New Jersey (USA) under the trademark NUOSPERSE W-30.
  • Thickening agents may include, for example, KELZAN S thickening agent (KELZAN is a trademark) from C P KELCO, Genk, Belgium.
  • Preservatives may include 5-chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one and/or 2-methyl-2H- isothiazol-3-one, which are available as PREVENTOL preservatives from LANXESS Company, New Delhi, India (LANXESS and PREVENTOL are a trademarks), or as MERGAL K14 preservative from TROY Corporation, Florham Park, New Jersey (USA) (MERGAL K14 and TROY are a trademarks), or as KATHON LX 150 preservative from DOW CHEMICAL Company (KATHON LX150 and DOW CHEMICAL are a trademarks).
  • the quantity of the various components in the paint composition may be selected within wide ranges.
  • the polymer may be present in the paint composition in a quantity in the range of from 10 %w to 40 %w, in particular in the range of from 15 %w to 35 %w, relative to the weight of the paint composition.
  • Water may be present in the paint composition in a quantity in the range of from 10 %w to 40 %w, in particular in the range of from 15 %w to 35 %w, on the same basis.
  • microbeads if any, may be present in the paint composition in a total quantity in the range of from 10 %w to 80 %w, in particular in the range of from
  • the weight ratio of the total quantity of mica and the inorganic microbeads, if any, in the paint composition to the quantity of polymer in the paint composition may typically be in the range of from 0.3 : 1 to 5 : 1, in particular in the range of from 0.4 : 1 to 4 : 1, more in particular in the range of from 0.5 : 1 to 3 : 1.
  • Diluents may or may not be present in the paint composition in a total quantity in the range of from 0 %w to 20 %w, in particular in the range of from 0.1 %w to 15 %w, on the same basis.
  • Fillers additional to mica and the inorganic microbeads, if any, may or may not be present in the paint composition in a total quantity in the range of from 0 %w to 30 %w, in particular in the range of from 1 %w to 20 %w, on the same basis.
  • Each one of the one or more surface active components, dispersants, stabilisers, thickening components, anti foam components, components for pH control, and preservatives may be present in the paint composition in a quantity in the range of from 0 %w to 5 %w, in particular in the range of from 0.1 %w to 3 %w, on the same basis.
  • Pigments may or may not be present in the paint composition in a total quantity in the range of from 0 %w to 10 %w, in particular in the range of from 0.1 %w to 8 %w, on the same basis.
  • the paint composition may be prepared by mixing the components, typically by using a high-speed mixer. Additionally, a pebble mill or a ball mill may be employed for homogenizing the composition and/or decrease the particle size. If desired, when an aqueous polymer emulsion is used, water may be added additional to the water already present in the emulsion.
  • the paint composition may be formed into a layer of the paint composition adjacent to the substrate in any suitable manner.
  • the paint composition may be applied by using a brush or a roller, or the paint composition may be applied by spraying.
  • the hardened paint layer is obtained by hardening the paint composition, as described hereinbefore.
  • the thickness of the layer of the paint composition may be in the range of from 50 to
  • a paint composition was prepared as follows.
  • the paint composition comprises ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer as the polymer, which was employed as a polymer emulsion comprising 50 %w polymer and 50 %w water, propylene glycol as the diluent, P EVENTOL preservative (PREVENTOL is a trademark), further components as specified in Table I, and additional water.
  • the polymer emulsion was stirred using a high-speed mixer, while the other components were added.
  • the final composition is as specified in Table I.
  • Samples of the paint composition are applied to 0.15 x 0.15 x 0.15 m 3 blocks of gypsum comprising a source of thoron, using a roller, and air dried, to form about 90 - 95 ⁇ thick hardened paint layers.
  • the blocks of gypsum covered with the hardened paint are subjected to thoron exhalation rate measurements as defined hereinbefore.
  • PERMATRAN-W Model 3/61 test system (PERMATRAN-W is a trademark) available from MOCON, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota (USA). The results are provided in Table I.
  • EXAMPLE 1 was repeated, except for the following differences.
  • the paint composition comprised 2,2,4-trimethyl-l ,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate as the diluent, ZEEOSPHERES G-400 microbeads obtained from 3M
  • a paint composition was prepared as follows.
  • the paint composition comprised VINAVYL EVA 04 ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer as the polymer, which was employed as a polymer emulsion comprising 50 %w polymer and 50 %w water (VINAVYL EVA 04 is a trademark), 2,2,4- trimethyl-l,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate as the diluent, IMERYS WG 325 mica (IMERYS WG 325 is a trademark) as a filler, NEOSPERSE W-30 dispersant (NEOSPERSE is a trademark) as the dispersant, PREVENTOL preservative (PREVENTOL is a trademark) as the preservative, KELZAN S thickening agent (KELZAN is a trademark) as the thickening agent, and additional water.
  • the polymer emulsion was stirred using a high-speed mixer, while the other components were added.
  • the final composition was as
  • X represents the thoron exhalation rate of the sample tested (in mBq/(m 2 .s))
  • A represents the thoron exhalation rate of uncoated gypsum block (in mBq/(m .s)).
  • EXAMPLE 4 was repeated, except for the difference that the paint composition comprised MICROSPHERES W-410 microbeads obtained from 3M Company (MICROSPHERES and 3M are trademarks) as an additional component. Samples of the paint composition were applied to the blocks of gypsum to form about 90 ⁇ thick hardened paint layers. The results are provided in Table II.
  • EXAMPLE 4 was repeated, except for the difference that the addition of mica was omitted.
  • Samples of the paint composition were applied to the blocks of gypsum to form about 98 ⁇ thick hardened paint layers. The results are provided in Table II.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de blindage d'un substrat comportant une source de thoron comprenant l'application d'une couche d'une composition de peinture sur le substrat; la composition de peinture comprend une émulsion aqueuse d'un copolymère de poly(acétate de vinyle) ou d'éthylène/acétate de vinyle, et une charge comprenant du mica; l'utilisation de la composition de peinture pour le blindage du substrat; et un substrat blindé comportant le substrat et sur le substrat une couche de peinture durcie qui peut être obtenue par le durcissement d'une couche de la composition de peinture.
PCT/EP2015/076200 2014-11-17 2015-11-10 Procédé de blindage d'un substrat, utilisation d'une composition de peinture pour le blindage d'un substrat, et substrat blindé WO2016078966A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2013822A NL2013822B1 (en) 2014-11-17 2014-11-17 A paint composition, a method of shielding a substrate, a use of a paint composition for shielding a substrate, and a painted substrate.
NLNL2013822 2014-11-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016078966A1 true WO2016078966A1 (fr) 2016-05-26

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WO (1) WO2016078966A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3747848A1 (fr) * 2019-06-07 2020-12-09 Marius Bierig Mélange contenant du carbon activé pour réduire le thoron et améliorer le climat intérieur dans les systèmes de plâtrage de terreau

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CN102816471A (zh) * 2012-08-09 2012-12-12 衡阳胜玉高科有限公司 纤维防氡辐射墙漆

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BHATTACHARYYA D K ED - KOIVUNORO HANNA GREEN STUART AUTERINEN IIRO KULVIK MARTTI: "Issues in the Disposal of Waste Containing Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material", APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES, ELSEVIER, OXFORD, GB, vol. 49, no. 3, 1 March 1998 (1998-03-01), pages 215 - 226, XP004100861, ISSN: 0969-8043, DOI: 10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00243-1 *
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S. BADER ET AL: "Stralingsbelasting in Nederlandse nieuwbouwwoningen : Eindrapport ventilatie- en radononderzoek", 3 June 2010 (2010-06-03), pages 1 - 28, XP055247606, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.rivm.nl/dsresource?objectid=rivmp:17214&type=org&disposition=inline&ns_nc=1> [retrieved on 20160204] *
ZOU D: "Fiber anti-radon radiation wall paint comprises cellulose, de-ionized water, stone powder, long-acting and antibacterial agent, calcium carbonate, rutile, mica powder, calcined kaolin, a glue, and modified acrylic acid emulsion", WPI / THOMSON,, vol. 2013, no. 34, 12 December 2012 (2012-12-12), XP002742847 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3747848A1 (fr) * 2019-06-07 2020-12-09 Marius Bierig Mélange contenant du carbon activé pour réduire le thoron et améliorer le climat intérieur dans les systèmes de plâtrage de terreau

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