WO2016078022A1 - 一种玉米定向播种机 - Google Patents

一种玉米定向播种机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016078022A1
WO2016078022A1 PCT/CN2014/091575 CN2014091575W WO2016078022A1 WO 2016078022 A1 WO2016078022 A1 WO 2016078022A1 CN 2014091575 W CN2014091575 W CN 2014091575W WO 2016078022 A1 WO2016078022 A1 WO 2016078022A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seeding
grain
seed
corn kernels
rack
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PCT/CN2014/091575
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭玉富
寇春荣
耿百鹏
陈建林
鲁保栓
刘小朋
Original Assignee
天津富康农业开发有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 天津富康农业开发有限公司 filed Critical 天津富康农业开发有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2014/091575 priority Critical patent/WO2016078022A1/zh
Publication of WO2016078022A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016078022A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/18—Machines for depositing quantities of seed at intervals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a machine for orienting corn.
  • Pneumatic seeders are further divided into air suction planters and air blow planters.
  • the air suction planter When the air suction planter is working, the high pressure fan generates a negative pressure and transmits it to the vacuum chamber of the seeding unit.
  • the seeding tray When the seeding tray is rotated, the seeds are adsorbed under the negative pressure of the vacuum chamber and rotated together with the seed tray.
  • the seed When the seed is transferred out of the vacuum chamber, it is no longer subjected to negative pressure, and it falls into the trench by its own weight or by the scraper.
  • mechanical seeding machines such as: groove wheel type, type hole type, centrifugal type and so on.
  • the seeds are freely grounded by gravity after passing through the seed metering device.
  • the direction of the seed after landing is uncontrollable, and the orientation of the corn leaves is determined by the germ surface and germ direction of the seed, if the seed after landing.
  • the direction of the germ surface and the germ are random, so the direction of the growing corn leaves is also uncertain, causing mutual interference, mutual occlusion, and directly reducing the photosynthesis time, thus affecting the crop harvest.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above problems in the prior art and to provide a corn seeding planter for seeding corn kernels in a predetermined direction and at a predetermined interval so that the corn seedlings grow in a predetermined direction and at a predetermined interval. Increases the light conditions of the corn and thus increases the yield.
  • a corn directional seeding machine comprising: a seeding rack on which a walking wheel is mounted; a buffer hopper mounted on the seeding rack for holding corn kernels; and a grain aligning mechanism mounted on the seeding rack, a first feed end and a first discharge end, the first feed end corresponding to the discharge port of the buffer hopper, for receiving corn kernels discharged from the buffer hopper, placing the corn kernels in a predetermined direction and transmitting to a first discharge end; a seeding mechanism mounted on the seeding rack, having a second feeding end and a second discharging end, wherein the second feeding end corresponds to the first discharging end, and is configured to receive the first
  • the corn kernels discharged from a discharge end are arranged in a predetermined direction and spacing and transported to the second discharge end, and discharged from the second discharge end to be placed on the seed bed.
  • a corn directional seeding machine further comprising: a leveling mechanism mounted on the seeding rack for The seed bed is positioned in front of the second discharge end; and a depressing mechanism mounted on the seeding frame for fixing the corn kernels on the seed bed, behind the second discharge end.
  • the grain correcting mechanism comprises: a grain identifying and rejecting device mounted on the seeding rack, located in front of the first feeding end, for identifying whether the corn kernel from the first feeding end is scheduled Positioning and culling corn kernels that are not placed in a predetermined direction; a pendulum conveyor mounted on the seeding rack with a plurality of first holes for arranging corn kernels, each The first socket is arranged according to the predetermined direction, one end of the square conveying device is the first feeding end, and the other end is the first discharging end; the pendulum driving device is connected with the pendulum conveying device, The driving and conveying device is driven to move between the first feeding end and the first discharging end.
  • the pendulum conveying device comprises: a grain sizing frame fixed on the seeding frame; a pair of first horizontal transmission wheels arranged on the grain slanting frame in a horizontal direction; a first vertical transmission wheel on the grain slanting frame, located below a first horizontal transmission wheel; and a first conveyor belt mounted on the pair of first horizontal transmission wheels and the first vertical transmission wheel The first socket; wherein one end of the first conveyor belt corresponding to the other of the first horizontal transmission wheels is the first feeding end, and one end of the first vertical transmission wheel is The first discharge end.
  • the grain identification and rejection device comprises: a grain identification device mounted above the pendulum conveyor and located in front of the first feed end for identifying corn kernels disposed in the first socket Whether it is placed in a predetermined direction; a grain culling device, located in front of the grain identification device, is used to remove corn kernels that are not placed in a predetermined direction.
  • the grain identification and rejection device further comprises a grain identification and rejection bracket mounted on the grain slanting frame, having a first mounting hole for mounting the grain identification device and a second mounting hole for connecting the grain culling device .
  • the grain identification device comprises: a visual lens or an ultrasonic probe mounted on the first mounting hole.
  • the grain culling device comprises: a duct joint mounted on the second mounting hole; a duct removed, one end of which is connected to the duct joint; and a vacuum fan connected to the other end of the reject duct.
  • the seeding mechanism comprises: a seed conveying device mounted on the seeding rack, and a plurality of second sockets for placing corn kernels are disposed thereon, each second socket according to the Arranging in a predetermined direction, one end of the seed conveying device is the second feeding end, and the other end is the second discharging end; And a moving device connected to the seed conveying device for driving the seed conveying device to move between the second feeding end and the second discharging end.
  • the seed conveying device comprises: a seed rack fixed to the seeding rack; a pair of second horizontal driving wheels arranged in a horizontal direction on the seed rack; installed in the row a second vertical transmission wheel on the shelf, directly below a second horizontal transmission wheel; a second conveyor belt mounted on the pair of second horizontal transmission wheels and the second vertical transmission wheel, on which the a second socket; wherein one end of the second conveyor belt corresponding to the other of the second horizontal transmission wheels is the second feeding end, and one end corresponding to the second vertical transmission wheel is the second outlet Material end.
  • the seed identification and rejection device of the present invention uses a trigger to cooperate with video image recognition technology or ultrasonic technology to select the orientation of the corn kernels, and can prepare and quickly identify the direction of the corn kernels, and accurately remove the corn in the wrong direction. Grain, high work efficiency and reliable detection;
  • the slanting conveyor and the seeding mechanism of the present invention use a synchronous wheel and a tensioning belt to form a corn grain conveying device, and pre-formed the burr on the conveyor belt to realize the elastic clamping and transportation of the corn kernels, and ensure the corn kernels in the conveying process. It will not move or flip, and the structure is simple and reliable, meeting the requirements of directional transmission;
  • the invention adopts prefabrication of the eye socket on the conveyor belt to realize the elastic clamping of the corn kernels, so as to adapt to the transmission of different sizes of corn kernels, and has strong adaptability and wide application;
  • the invention adopts the order of leveling seed bed, near-ground seeding, and suppression seed bed to ensure the targeted seeding and directional growth of corn kernels.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of the corn seeding planter of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a grain aligning mechanism and a buffer hopper
  • Figure 3 is a partial structural view of the pendulum conveying device
  • Figure 4 is a partial schematic view of the first conveyor belt shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of a grain identifying and rejecting device
  • Figure 7 is a side view of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of the seeding mechanism
  • Figure 9 is a partial structural schematic view of the seeding mechanism
  • Figure 10 is a partial schematic view of the second conveyor belt shown in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a plan view of the buffer hopper shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of the first outer baffle plate.
  • the seeding machine of the present invention comprises: a seeding rack 10 having a walking wheel 11 at the bottom thereof; a buffer hopper 8 for holding corn kernels mounted on the seeding rack 10, having a discharge at the bottom a mouth 8a (shown in Figure 11); a grain correcting mechanism mounted on the seeding frame 10 having a first feed end 4a and a first discharge end 4b, the first feed end 4a corresponding to the discharge opening 8a
  • the grain correcting mechanism places the corn kernels in a predetermined direction and conveys them to the first discharging end 4b
  • the seeding mechanism 5 on the frame 10 has a second feeding end 5a and a second discharging end 5b, and the second feeding end 5a corresponds to the first discharging end 4b for receiving the discharge from
  • a pressing mechanism mounted on the seeding frame 10 for fixing the corn kernels on the seed bed, behind the second discharge end 5b ( Refers to the rear of the seeding direction of the planter, that is, the left side of the second discharge end 5b shown in Fig. 1).
  • the grain correcting mechanism includes: a grain identifying and rejecting device, located in front of the first feeding end 4a (refers to the front of the corn grain conveying direction, that is, the right of the first feeding end 4a shown in Fig. 1 Side) for identifying whether the corn kernels from the first feed end 4a are placed in a predetermined direction and rejecting corn kernels that are not placed in a predetermined direction; the pendulum transfer device 4 is mounted on the seeding rack 10 A plurality of first pockets 45a for aligning the corn kernels are disposed, each of the first pockets 45a is arranged in a predetermined direction (as shown in FIG.
  • a pendulum driving device is connected to the pendulum conveying device 4 for driving the pendulum conveying device 4 to move between the first feeding end 4a and the first discharging end 4b .
  • the square conveying device 4 includes: a grain sizing frame 40 fixed to the seeding frame 10; a pair of first horizontal driving wheels 41 mounted on the grain aligning frame 40, A pair of first horizontal transmission wheels 41, 42 are arranged in a horizontal direction, the centers of which are located on the same horizontal line; a first vertical transmission wheel 43 mounted on the grain aligning frame 40, the first vertical transmission wheel 43 Located obliquely below the first horizontal drive wheel 42, there is an offset between the vertical centerline of the first vertical drive wheel 43 and the vertical centerline of the first horizontal drive wheel 42; mounted on the grain slanting frame 40 a first tensioning wheel 44, the first tensioning wheel 44 is located between the first horizontal transmission wheel 41 and the first vertical transmission wheel 43 and is not collinear; is mounted on a pair of first horizontal transmission wheels 41, 42, The first vertical transmission wheel 43 and the first conveyor belt 45 on the first tension pulley 44, the first tension pulley 44 cooperates with the first horizontal transmission wheels 41, 42 and the first
  • the first conveyor belt 45 is provided with a plurality of first pockets 45a for aligning the corn kernels, and the first conveyor belt 45 forms a first horizontal conveying section 451 between the pair of first horizontal transmission wheels 41, 42 to realize the corn kernels. In the horizontal transfer, the first conveyor belt 45 forms a first vertical transfer section 452 between the first horizontal drive wheel 42 and the first vertical drive wheel 43 to effect vertical downward transfer of corn kernels.
  • One end of the first conveyor belt 45 corresponding to the first horizontal transmission wheel 41 is a first feeding end 4a, and one end corresponding to the first vertical transmission wheel 43 is a first discharging end 4b, when the first conveyor belt 45 is at the first horizontal transmission wheel
  • the corn kernels conveyed to the first feeding end 4a are transferred to the first discharging end 4b, and the corn kernels are discharged from the first discharging end 4b to enter the seeding Agency 5.
  • the present invention is provided with a first horizontal retaining device on the seed square 40 and on the upper side of the pair of first horizontal driving wheels 41, 42 for preventing placement in the first horizontal conveying section 451.
  • the corn kernels in the first pocket 45a fall.
  • the first horizontal blocking device may be a first horizontal baffle 401, immediately below the first horizontal conveying section 451, so as not to hinder the smooth transmission of the first conveyor belt 45.
  • the horizontal length of the first horizontal baffle 401 may be greater than the distance between the two first holes 45a of the outermost end of the first horizontal transfer section 451 so as not to interfere with the pair of first horizontal drive wheels 41, 42.
  • the drive is suitable.
  • the present invention is provided with a first vertical blocking device on the grain square frame 40 and on the outer side of the first horizontal transmission wheel 42 and the first vertical transmission wheel 43, for preventing placement in the first The corn kernels in the first pocket 45a of the vertical conveying section 452 are released.
  • the first vertical baffle device includes a first inner baffle 402 mounted on the grain sizing frame 40, located outside the first horizontal drive wheel 42 and the first vertical drive wheel 43, and at the first vertical The inner side of the transfer section 452; the first outer baffle 403 mounted on the seed square 40 is located outside the first vertical transfer section 452.
  • the first inner baffle 402 is located immediately behind the first vertical conveying section 452 so as not to hinder the smooth transmission of the first conveyor belt 45, and the length of the first inner baffle 402 is greater than the first
  • the distance between the two first sockets 45a of the outermost ends of the vertical conveying section 452 may be such that the transmission of the first horizontal transmission wheel 42 and the first vertical transmission wheel 43 is not hindered; as shown in FIGS. 2 and 12.
  • the lower end of the first outer baffle 403 is a curved plate 404 having the same curvature as the first vertical drive wheel 43, and the corresponding first discharge end 4b of the curved plate 404 has the first
  • the first row of seed openings 404a having the same shape of the eye 45a are arranged in line with the first discharge end 4b.
  • a first ejector device may be disposed at the first discharge end 4b, and the first ejector device has a first ejector rod that is retractable, and when the first socket 45a is rotated to the first row of seed openings 404a On time, the first ejector sticks out and pushes the corn kernels out.
  • the first conveyor belt 45 repeatedly conveys the corn kernels from the first feed end 4a to the first discharge end 4b under the drive of the pendulum drive.
  • the pendulum driving device of the present invention is a stepping motor 46 connected to the first horizontal transmission wheel 42 to provide transmission power thereto.
  • the first socket 45a is constituted by a first receiving hole 45b that communicates up and down and a first holding hole 45c, and the aperture of the first receiving hole 45b gradually decreases from top to bottom, the first clamping The aperture 45c has the same aperture above and below.
  • the shape of the first receiving hole 45b and the first holding hole 45c is approximated to corn kernels, and the size of the first receiving hole 45b is larger than that of the corn kernels, so that the corn kernels are more likely to fall into the first nest.
  • the first clamping aperture 45c is approximately the size of the corn kernels, making the corn kernels more easily transported.
  • the grain identifying and rejecting device comprises: a grain identifying and rejecting bracket 20 mounted on the grain square frame 40; the grain identifying device 2 is mounted on the grain identifying and rejecting bracket 20 at a first level Above the conveying section 451 and in front of the first feeding end 4a (referring to the front of the corn grain conveying direction, the right side of the first feeding end 4a shown in Fig.
  • the kernel rejecting device 3 is mounted on the seeding rack 10 and located in the kernel identifying device in the corn grain transport direction
  • the front side of 2 (the right side of the grain identifying device 2 shown in Fig. 1) is used to eliminate corn kernels which are not placed in a predetermined direction after being identified by the grain identifying device 2.
  • the corn kernels enter the first pocket 45a of the first feed end 4a and are conveyed horizontally forward by the first horizontal transfer section 451. When the corn kernels pass under the kernel identification device 2, the kernel identification device 2 detects the corn kernels.
  • the corn kernels are placed in the predetermined direction in the first pocket 45a, they are further conveyed forward to the first discharge end 4b, and if the corn kernels are not placed in the predetermined direction in the first pocket 45a, the kernels are removed. Device 3 will remove it.
  • the grain identifying and rejecting bracket 20 is provided with a first mounting hole 201 for mounting the grain identifying device 2 and a second mounting hole 202 for mounting the grain rejecting device 3.
  • the kernel identifying device 2 of the present invention is a visual lens or an ultrasonic probe.
  • the seed culling device 3 of the present invention comprises: a duct joint 31 mounted on the second mounting hole 202; a culling duct 32 having one end connected to the duct joint 31; and a vacuum fan 33 connected to the other end of the stripping duct 32.
  • the grain identifying and rejecting apparatus of the present invention further comprises: a trigger for controlling the operation of the grain identifying device 2, disposed under the grain identifying device 2, the trigger being symmetrically mounted on the grain identifying and rejecting bracket
  • the light-emitting device 2a on the inner wall of the 20 and the photo-sensor 2b are constructed, and the light-emitting device 2a and the photo-sensor 2b can be simultaneously aligned with the same corn kernel.
  • the light-emitting device 2a emits a signal and the photosensitive device 2b is capable of receiving the signal of the light-emitting device 2a, at this time, one corn kernel is located below the kernel identification device 2, and the kernel identification device 2 that receives the control signal detects the corn kernel.
  • the kernel rejecting device 3 receives a control signal to reject the corn kernels, and when the corn kernels are detected When placed in a predetermined direction, the kernel culling device 3 does not receive the control signal and does not operate; when the photosensitive device 2b is unable to receive the signal from the light-emitting device 2a, the light-emitting device 2a and the photosensitive device 2b are just aligned with each other.
  • the kernel identifying device 2 sequentially identifies and determines each of the corn kernels passing therebelow, and the kernel rejecting device 3 sequentially removes the corn kernels that are not placed in the predetermined direction after being identified. After being removed by the kernel removing device 3, the remaining corn kernels placed in a predetermined direction are conveyed to the seed discharging mechanism 5 via the first conveyor belt 45.
  • the seeding mechanism 5 comprises: a seed conveying device mounted on the seeding frame 10, one end of the seed conveying device being a second feeding end 5a and the other end being a second discharging end 5b And a seeding driving device coupled to the seed conveying device for driving the seed conveying device to move between the second feeding end 5a and the second discharging end 5b.
  • the seed conveying device is provided with a plurality of second pockets 55a for placing corn kernels (as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9), and each of the second pockets 55a is arranged in a predetermined direction, adjacent to the second socket. 55a is spaced apart by a predetermined spacing.
  • the seed conveying device comprises: a seeding rack 50 fixed to the seeding rack 10; a pair of second horizontal driving wheels 51, 52 mounted on the seeding rack 50, a pair of The two horizontal transmission wheels 51, 52 are arranged in a horizontal direction, the center of which is located on the same horizontal line; a second vertical transmission wheel 53 mounted on the seed rack 50, and the second vertical transmission wheel 53 is located at the second horizontal transmission wheel Directly below 52, the centers of the second vertical drive wheel 53 and the second horizontal drive wheel 52 are located on the same vertical line; the second tension pulley 54 mounted on the seed rack 50, the second tension pulley 54 Located between the second horizontal transmission wheel 51 and the second vertical transmission wheel 53 and not collinear; mounted on a pair of second horizontal transmission wheels 51, 52, a second vertical transmission wheel 53, and a second tension pulley 54 The second conveyor belt 55.
  • the second tensioning wheel 54 is used with the second horizontal transmission wheels 51, 52 and the second vertical transmission wheel 53, so that the second conveyor belt 55 can be in a moderately tensioned state, in the second horizontal transmission wheel 51 and the second vertical transmission Smooth drive between wheels 53.
  • the second conveyor belt 55 is provided with a plurality of second pockets 55a for arranging corn kernels, the second pockets 55a being the same size and shape as the first pockets 45a.
  • the second conveyor belt 55 forms a second horizontal conveying section 551 between the pair of second horizontal transmission wheels 51, 52 to achieve horizontal conveyance of the corn kernels, and the second conveyor belt 55 is in the second horizontal transmission wheel 52 and the second vertical transmission wheel Forming a second vertical conveying section 552 between 53 to achieve corn kernels
  • the vertical transmission is downward.
  • one end of the second conveyor belt 55 corresponding to the second horizontal transmission wheel 51 is a second feeding end 5a
  • one end of the second vertical transmission wheel 53 is a second discharging end 5b.
  • the present invention is provided with a second horizontal retaining device on the arranging frame 50 and on the upper side of the pair of second horizontal driving wheels 51, 52 for preventing placement in the second horizontal conveying section 551.
  • the corn kernels in the second pocket 55a fall.
  • the second horizontal blocking device may be a second horizontal baffle 501 immediately below the second horizontal conveying section 551 so as not to hinder the smooth transmission of the second conveyor belt 55.
  • the horizontal length of the second horizontal baffle 501 may be greater than the distance between the two second holes 55a of the outermost end of the second horizontal conveying section 551 so as not to interfere with the pair of second horizontal transmission wheels 51, 52.
  • the drive is suitable.
  • the present invention is provided with a second vertical damper on the arranging frame 50 and on the outside of the second horizontal transmission wheel 52 and the second vertical transmission wheel 53 for preventing the second vertical conveying section 552 from being disposed.
  • the corn kernels in the two holes 55a are released.
  • the second vertical retaining device includes a second inner baffle 502 mounted on the seeding rack 50, located outside the second horizontal drive wheel 52 and the second vertical drive wheel 53, and located in the second vertical transfer
  • the inner side of the segment 552; the second outer baffle 503 mounted on the seed rack 50 is located outside the second vertical conveying section 552.
  • the second inner baffle 502 is located immediately behind the second vertical conveying section 552 so as not to hinder the smooth transmission of the second conveyor belt 55, and the vertical length of the second inner baffle 502 is greater than
  • the distance between the two second holes 55a of the outermost ends of the second vertical conveying section 552 may be sufficient so as not to hinder the transmission of the second horizontal transmission wheel 52 and the second vertical transmission wheel 53; the second external material
  • the plate 503 has the same structure as the first outer baffle 403, and the lower end also has a curved plate.
  • the second discharge end 5b of the curved plate has a second row of mouths similar to the shape of the second socket 55a. The second discharge end 5b is seeded.
  • a second ejector device may be disposed at the second discharge end 5b, the second ejector device having a second ejector rod that is retractable, and the second burr 55a of the corn granules is rotated to the second When the second row of mouths of the outer baffle 503 are aligned, the second ram extends to eject the corn kernels to the seed bed.
  • the second conveyor belt 55 repeatedly conveys the corn kernels from the second feed end 5a to the second discharge end 5b under the drive of the seed drive.
  • the seed drive device of the present invention is mounted on the seed rack 50
  • the upper shifting mechanism 56 is coupled and used to drive the second horizontal drive wheel 52 to rotate.
  • the shifting mechanism 56 is connected to the traveling wheel 11 through a chain.
  • the shifting mechanism 56 drives the second horizontal driving wheel 52 to rotate under the driving of the traveling wheel 11, thereby driving the second conveyor belt 55 to move.
  • the second feeding end 5a continuously conveys the corn kernels to the second discharging end 5b, and the second discharging end 5b continuously places the corn kernels on the seed bed.
  • each of the corn kernels is placed in a predetermined direction in the corresponding second pocket 55a, the corn kernels placed on the seed bed have a certain direction to ensure that the grown corn leaves grow in a predetermined direction without mutual shielding. Both can obtain sufficient illumination time to increase the yield; at the same time, because the spacing between adjacent second pockets 55a is equal, the distance between adjacent corn kernels placed on the seed bed can be equal, in actual sowing, The speed of the walking wheel 11 can be adjusted to adjust the distance between adjacent corn kernels placed on the seed bed to obtain the optimum plant spacing required for crop growth, thereby ensuring sufficient light for crop growth while ensuring maximum Good harvest.
  • the stepping motor 46 drives the first conveyor belt 45 to move, and the corn kernels of the first feeding end 4a are conveyed to the first discharging end 4b in a predetermined direction, and the traveling wheel 11 drives the shifting mechanism 56.
  • the second conveyor belt 55 is driven to move, and the corn kernels of the second feeding end 5a are conveyed to the second discharge end 5b.
  • the second horizontal transmission wheel 52 of the present invention is mounted with a speed sensor for detecting the transmission speed of the second conveyor belt 55, and feeding back the signal to the control system to control the rotation speed of the stepping motor 46 so that the first discharge end 4b is
  • the second feeding end 5a is continuously fed to ensure that the second pits 55a of the second conveyor belt 55 have corn kernels, thereby ensuring the plant spacing; and, in design, the spacing of the adjacent first pockets 45a is smaller than the phase.
  • the spacing of the adjacent second holes 55a satisfies the feed of the second feed end 5a.
  • a waste material recovery device is further disposed above the seed rack 50 for recovering the corn kernels discharged from the first discharge end 4b and not disposed in the second pocket 55a.
  • the recycling device includes a rack 57 and a receiving tray attached to one side of the rack 57.
  • the direction of the second pocket 55a of the second conveyor belt 55 of the present invention is aligned with the direction of the first pocket 45a of the first conveyor belt 45 to ensure that the corn kernels are transported to the seed bed in a predetermined direction.
  • the discharge port 8a of the buffer hopper 8 of the present invention is similar in size and shape to the size and shape of the first pocket 45a and the second pocket 55a, so as to transport corn kernels of a size and shape to meet the requirements.
  • the present invention mounts a vibration motor 81 on the grain square frame 40, which is located below the buffer hopper 8, for caving The corn kernels in the hopper 8 are sequentially conveyed from the discharge port 8a to the first feed end 4a in constant vibration.
  • the seeding machine of the present invention further comprises a ploughshare 13 mounted on the seeding frame 10, the ploughshare 13 being located in front of the leveling mechanism (in front of the seeding direction of the seeding machine, i.e., the leveling mechanism shown in Fig. 1 On the right side).
  • the seeding rack 10 is provided with a pair of side panels 12, which are located behind the ploughshare 13 (i.e., to the left as shown in Fig. 1).
  • the seeding mechanism 5 is located between the pair of side plates 12, and the second discharge end 5b extends beyond the bottom edges of the pair of side plates 12.
  • the leveling mechanism of the present invention is a leveling wheel 6 mounted on the seeding frame 10, and the leveling wheel 6 is mounted between the pair of side plates 12 by a pin and located in front of the second discharge end 5b ( That is, on the right side as shown in Fig. 1, the bottom edge of the flattening wheel 6 projects from the bottom edge of the pair of side plates 12 to be in contact with the seed bed.
  • the rebar mechanism of the present invention is a repressing wheel 7 mounted on the seeding frame 10, and the ballasting wheel 7 is mounted between the pair of side plates 12 through a pin and located at the rear of the second discharge end 5b (ie, as shown in the figure) The left side of the pressing wheel 7 protrudes from the bottom edge of the pair of side plates 12 to be in contact with the seed bed.
  • the ploughshare 13 When the planter is moving forward, the ploughshare 13 first opens the seed bed out of the groove, and then the leveling wheel 6 flattens the groove, and then the corn kernels outputted from the second discharge end 5b behind the leveling wheel 6 It can be smoothly placed on the flattened seed bed without turning off the predetermined direction. Finally, the crushing wheel 7 presses the corn kernels smoothly placed on the seed bed into the soil, so that the corn kernels are flush with the surface of the seed bed. It is ensured that the corn kernels are not moved and turned over when the soil cover 9 located behind the pressure roller 7 is overlaid, thereby ensuring that the corn kernels are planted in a predetermined direction and at a predetermined interval.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种玉米定向播种机，包括：播种机架；安装在播种机架上的用来盛放玉米籽粒的缓存料斗；安装在播种机架上的籽粒摆正机构，具有第一进料端和第一出料端，其第一进料端与所述缓存料斗的出料口对应，用来接收缓存料斗排出的玉米籽粒，将玉米籽粒按照预定方向摆放并传送至第一出料端；安装在播种机架上的排种机构，具有第二进料端和第二出料端，其第二进料端与所述第一出料端对应，用来接收第一出料端排出的玉米籽粒，将玉米籽粒按照预定方向和间距排列并传送至第二出料端，由第二出料端排出安置在种床上。本发明将玉米籽粒按照预定方向和间距播种，使得玉米禾苗按照预定方向、和预定间距生长，提高了玉米的光照条件，从而提高产量。

Description

一种玉米定向播种机 技术领域
本发明涉及农用机械技术领域，尤其涉及一种用来定向播种玉米的机械。
背景技术
目前市面上的播种机主要有两大类：气力式播种机与机械式播种机。气力式播种机又分为气吸式播种机与气吹式播种机。气吸式播种机工作时，由高速风机产生负压，传给排种单体的真空室。播种盘回转时，在真空室负压作用下吸附种子，并随排种盘一起转动。当种子转出真空室后，不再承受负压，就靠自重或在刮种器作用下落在地沟里。机械式播种机排种器样式繁多，有：槽轮式，型孔式，离心式等。无论哪种播种机，其种子通过排种器后都是靠重力自由落地，种子落地后的方向无法控制，而玉米叶片的朝向是由种子的胚芽面和胚芽方向决定的，如果落地后的种子的胚芽面和胚芽方向随机，那么长出来的玉米叶片的方向也不确定，造成互相交叉干涉，相互遮挡，直接减少光合作用时间，从而影响了作物的收成。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的问题，提供一种玉米定向播种机，将玉米籽粒按照预定的方向和预定的间距播种，从而使得玉米禾苗按照预定的方向、和预定的间距生长，提高了玉米的光照条件，从而提高产量。
为实现本发明的上述目的，提供以下技术方案：
一种玉米定向播种机，包括：播种机架，其上安装有行走轮；安装在播种机架上的用来盛放玉米籽粒的缓存料斗；安装在播种机架上的籽粒摆正机构，具有第一进料端和第一出料端，其第一进料端与所述缓存料斗的出料口对应，用来接收缓存料斗排出的玉米籽粒，将玉米籽粒按照预定方向摆放并传送至第一出料端；安装在播种机架上的排种机构，具有第二进料端和第二出料端，其第二进料端与所述第一出料端对应，用来接收第一出料端排出的玉米籽粒，将玉米籽粒按照预定方向和间距排列并传送至第二出料端，由第二出料端排出安置在种床上。
一种玉米定向播种机，还包括：安装在所述播种机架上的整平机构，用来整 平所述种床，位于所述第二出料端的前方；安装在播种机架上的镇压机构，用来将所述玉米籽粒固定在种床上，位于所述第二出料端的后方。
优选地，所述籽粒摆正机构包括：籽粒识别及剔除装置，安装在所述播种机架上，位于所述第一进料端的前方，用于识别来自第一进料端的玉米籽粒是否按预定方向摆放，并剔除不按预定方向摆放的玉米籽粒；摆正传送装置，安装在所述播种机架上，其上设置有多个用来摆正玉米籽粒的第一窝眼，每个第一窝眼按照所述预定方向布置，摆正传送装置的一端为所述第一进料端，另一端为所述第一出料端；摆正驱动装置，与摆正传送装置连接，用来驱动摆正传送装置在所述第一进料端与所述第一出料端之间移动。
优选地，所述摆正传送装置包括：籽粒摆正架，固定在所述播种机架上；安装在所述籽粒摆正架上沿水平方向布置的一对第一水平传动轮；安装在所述籽粒摆正架上的第一竖直传动轮，位于一个第一水平传动轮的下方；以及安装在一对第一水平传动轮、第一竖直传动轮上的第一传送带，其上设置有所述第一窝眼；其中，所述第一传送带对应另一个所述第一水平传动轮的一端为所述第一进料端，对应所述第一竖直传动轮的一端为所述第一出料端。
优选地，所述籽粒识别及剔除装置包括：籽粒识别装置，安装在所述摆正传送装置上方，位于所述第一进料端的前方，用于识别安置在所述第一窝眼的玉米籽粒是否按预定方向摆放；籽粒剔除装置，位于籽粒识别装置前方，用于剔除不按预定方向摆放的玉米籽粒。
优选地，所述籽粒识别及剔除装置还包括籽粒识别及剔除支架，安装在籽粒摆正架上，具有用来安装籽粒识别装置的第一安装孔和用来连接籽粒剔除装置的第二安装孔。
优选地，所述籽粒识别装置包括：视觉镜头或超声波探头，安装在所述第一安装孔上。
优选地，所述籽粒剔除装置包括：风管接头，安装在所述第二安装孔上；剔除风管，其一端连接所述风管接头；真空风机，连接所述剔除风管的另一端。
优选地，所述排种机构包括：种粒传送装置，安装在所述播种机架上，其上设置有多个用来安置玉米籽粒的第二窝眼，每个第二窝眼按照所述预定方向布置，种粒传送装置的一端为所述第二进料端，另一端为所述第二出料端；排种驱 动装置，与种粒传送装置连接，用来驱动种粒传送装置在所述第二进料端与所述第二出料端之间移动。
优选地，所述种粒传送装置包括：排种架，固定在所述播种机架上；安装在所述排种架上沿水平方向布置的一对第二水平传动轮；安装在所述排种架上的第二竖直传动轮，位于一个第二水平传动轮的正下方；安装在一对第二水平传动轮、第二竖直传动轮上的第二传送带，其上设置有所述第二窝眼；其中，所述第二传送带对应另一个所述第二水平传动轮的一端为所述第二进料端，对应所述第二竖直传动轮的一端为所述第二出料端。
本发明的有益效果体现在以下方面：
1、本发明的籽粒识别及剔除装置采用触发器与视频图像识别技术或超声波技术配合来挑选玉米籽粒的朝向，可准备、快速识别玉米籽粒的方向，并可精确剔除方向摆放不正确的玉米籽粒，工作效率高，检测可靠；
2、本发明的摆正传送装置和排种机构采用同步轮和张紧传送带形成玉米籽粒的传送装置，并且传送带上预制窝眼，实现玉米籽粒的弹性夹持输送，保证玉米籽粒在输送过程中不会移动或翻转，结构简单可靠，满足定向传送的要求；
3、本发明采用在传送带上预制窝眼，实现对玉米籽粒的弹性夹持，以适应不同大小的玉米籽粒的传送，适应能力强，应用广泛；
4、本发明采用整平种床、近地排种、镇压种床的顺序进行播种，保证玉米籽粒的定向落种及定向生长。
附图说明
图1是本发明玉米定向播种机的主视图；
图2是籽粒摆正机构及缓存料斗的结构示意图；
图3是摆正传送装置的部分结构示意图；
图4是图3所示第一传送带的局部示意图；
图5是图4所示的A-A剖视图；
图6是籽粒识别及剔除装置的结构示意图；
图7是图6所示的的侧视图；
图8是排种机构的结构示意图；
图9是排种机构的部分结构示意图；
图10是图9所示第二传送带的局部示意图；
图11是图1所示的缓存料斗的俯视图；
图12是第一外挡料板的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：10-播种机架；11-行走轮；12-侧板；13-犁铧；20-籽粒识别及剔除支架；201-第一安装孔；202-第二安装孔；2-籽粒识别装置；2a-发光器件；2b-光敏器件；3-籽粒剔除装置；31-风管接头；32-剔除风管；33-真空风机；4-摆正传送装置；40-籽粒摆正架；401-第一水平挡板；402-第一内挡料板；403-第一外挡料板；404-弧形板；404a-第一排种口；4a-第一进料端；4b-第一出料端；41、42-第一水平传动轮；43-第一竖直传动轮；44-第一张紧轮；45-第一传送带；45a-第一窝眼；45b-第一接收孔；45c-第一夹持孔；451-第一水平传送段；452-第一竖直传送段；46-步进电机；5-排种机构；50-排种架；501-第二水平挡板；502-第二内挡料板；503-第二外挡料板；5a-第二进料端；5b-第二出料端；51、52-第二水平传动轮；53-第二竖直传动轮；54-第二张紧轮；55-第二传送带；551-第二水平传送段；552-第二竖直传送段；55a-第二窝眼；56-变速机构；57-挡料架；6-整平轮；7-镇压轮；8-缓存料斗；8a-出料口；81-震动电机；9-覆土器。
具体实施方式
图1是本发明播种机的主视图。如图1所示，本发明的播种机包括：播种机架10，其底部设置有行走轮11；安装在播种机架10上的用来盛放玉米籽粒的缓存料斗8，其底部具有出料口8a(如图11所示)；安装在播种机架10上的籽粒摆正机构，具有第一进料端4a和第一出料端4b，第一进料端4a与出料口8a对应，用来接收缓存料斗8排出的玉米籽粒，第一进料端4a接收到玉米籽粒后，籽粒摆正机构将玉米籽粒按照预定方向摆放并传送至第一出料端4b；安装在播种机架10上的排种机构5，具有第二进料端5a和第二出料端5b，第二进料端5a与第一出料端4b对应，用来接收第一出料端4b排出的玉米籽粒，第二进料端5a接收到玉米籽粒后，排种机构5将玉米籽粒按照预定方向和间距排列并传送至第二出料端5b，由第二出料端5b排出到种床上；安装在播种机架10上的整平机构，用来整平该种床，位于第二出料端5b的前方(指播种机播种方向的 前方，即图1所示的第二出料端5b的右侧)；安装在播种机架10上的镇压机构，用来将玉米籽粒固定在种床上，位于第二出料端5b的后方(指播种机播种方向的后方，即图1所示的第二出料端5b的左侧)。
如图1所示，籽粒摆正机构包括：籽粒识别及剔除装置，位于第一进料端4a的前方(指玉米籽粒传送方向的前方，即图1所示的第一进料端4a的右侧)，用于识别来自第一进料端4a的玉米籽粒是否按预定方向摆放，并剔除不按预定方向摆放的玉米籽粒；摆正传送装置4，安装在播种机架10上，其上设置有多个用来摆正玉米籽粒的第一窝眼45a，每个第一窝眼45a按照预定方向布置(如图4所示)，摆正传送装置4的一端为第一进料端4a，另一端为第一出料端4b；摆正驱动装置，与摆正传送装置4连接，用来驱动摆正传送装置4在第一进料端4a与第一出料端4b之间移动。
具体的，如图2和3所示，摆正传送装置4包括：籽粒摆正架40，固定在播种机架10上；安装在籽粒摆正架40上的一对第一水平传动轮41、42，一对第一水平传动轮41、42沿水平方向布置，其中心位于同一条水平线上；安装在籽粒摆正架40上的一个第一竖直传动轮43，第一竖直传动轮43位于第一水平传动轮42的斜下方，第一竖直传动轮43的竖直中心线和第一水平传动轮42的竖直中心线之间有一个偏移量；安装在籽粒摆正架40上的第一张紧轮44，第一张紧轮44位于第一水平传动轮41和第一竖直传动轮43之间且不共线；安装在一对第一水平传动轮41、42、第一竖直传动轮43和第一张紧轮44上的第一传送带45，第一张紧轮44配合第一水平传动轮41、42、第一竖直传动轮43使用，可使第一传送带45处于适度张紧状态，在第一水平传动轮41和第一竖直传动轮43之间顺利传动。第一传送带45上设置有多个用来摆正玉米籽粒的第一窝眼45a，第一传送带45在一对第一水平传动轮41、42之间形成第一水平传送段451，实现玉米籽粒的水平传送，第一传送带45在第一水平传动轮42和第一竖直传动轮43之间形成第一竖直传送段452，实现玉米籽粒的竖直向下传送。第一传送带45对应第一水平传动轮41的一端为第一进料端4a，对应第一竖直传动轮43的一端为第一出料端4b，当第一传送带45在第一水平传动轮41和第一竖直传动轮43之间传动时，便将输送到第一进料端4a的玉米籽粒传送到第一出料端4b，玉米籽粒由第一出料端4b排出，进入排种机构5。
如图3所示，本发明在籽粒摆正架40上并位于一对第一水平传动轮41、42的上侧设置有第一水平挡料装置，用来防止安置在第一水平传送段451的第一窝眼45a内的玉米籽粒掉落。具体操作时，该第一水平挡料装置可以为一块第一水平挡板401，紧挨着位于第一水平传送段451的下方，以不妨碍第一传送带45顺利传动为宜。安装时，第一水平挡板401的水平长度只要大于第一水平传送段451的最外端的两个第一窝眼45a的距离即可，以不妨碍一对第一水平传动轮41、42的传动为宜。
如图3所示，本发明在籽粒摆正架40上并位于第一水平传动轮42和第一竖直传动轮43的外侧设置有第一竖直挡料装置，用来防止安置在第一竖直传送段452的第一窝眼45a内的玉米籽粒脱出。该第一竖直挡料装置包括：安装在籽粒摆正架40上的第一内挡料板402，位于第一水平传动轮42和第一竖直传动轮43的外侧以及位于第一竖直传送段452的内侧；安装在籽粒摆正架40上的第一外挡料板403，位于第一竖直传送段452的外侧。具体操作时，第一内挡料板402紧挨着位于第一竖直传送段452的内侧，以不妨碍第一传送带45顺利传动为宜，第一内挡料板402的长度只要大于第一竖直传送段452的最外端的两个第一窝眼45a的距离即可，以不妨碍第一水平传动轮42和第一竖直传动轮43的传动为宜；如图2和12所示，第一外挡料板403的下端为弧形板404，该弧形板404的弧度与第一竖直传动轮43相同，并且弧形板404上对应第一出料端4b具有与第一窝眼45a形状相仿的第一排种口404a，配合第一出料端4b排种。
具体实施时，可以在第一出料端4b设置第一顶出装置，该第一顶出装置具有可伸缩的第一顶杆，当第一窝眼45a转动到与第一排种口404a对准时，第一顶杆伸出，将玉米籽粒顶出。
第一传送带45在摆正驱动装置的驱动下反复的由第一进料端4a向第一出料端4b传送玉米籽粒。具体的，如图2所示，本发明的摆正驱动装置为步进电机46，与第一水平传动轮42连接，为其提供传动动力。
如图4和5所示，第一窝眼45a由上下连通的第一接收孔45b和第一夹持孔45c构成，第一接收孔45b的孔径从上到下逐渐减小，第一夹持孔45c的孔径上下保持相同。具体操作时，使第一接收孔45b和第一夹持孔45c的形状近似于玉米籽粒，第一接收孔45b的大小要大于玉米籽粒，使玉米籽粒更容易落入第一窝 眼45a内，第一夹持孔45c的大小接近于玉米籽粒，使玉米籽粒更容易被传送。当玉米籽粒进入到第一进料端4a时，由于第一接收孔45b的上部孔径比较大，会有一部分玉米籽粒没有按预定方向落入到第一接收孔45b内，这时，需要将没有按预定方向摆放的玉米籽粒剔除。
如图2和6所示，籽粒识别及剔除装置包括：籽粒识别及剔除支架20，安装在籽粒摆正架40上；籽粒识别装置2，安装在籽粒识别及剔除支架20上，位于第一水平传送段451的上方并位于第一进料端4a的前方(指玉米籽粒传送方向的前方，图1所示的第一进料端4a的右侧)，用于识别经由第一进料端4a接收并安置在第一水平传送段451的第一窝眼45a内的玉米籽粒是否按预定方向摆放；籽粒剔除装置3，安装在播种机架10上，在玉米籽粒传送方向上位于籽粒识别装置2的前方(图1所示的籽粒识别装置2的右侧)，用于剔除经由籽粒识别装置2识别后不按预定方向摆放的玉米籽粒。玉米籽粒进入到第一进料端4a的第一窝眼45a并由第一水平传送段451水平向前传送，当玉米籽粒经过籽粒识别装置2的下方时，籽粒识别装置2便对玉米籽粒检测识别，如果玉米籽粒在第一窝眼45a内按预定方向摆放，便继续向前传送到第一出料端4b，如果玉米籽粒在第一窝眼45a内没按预定方向摆放，籽粒剔除装置3便将其剔除。
如图6所示，籽粒识别及剔除支架20上开设有用来安装籽粒识别装置2的第一安装孔201和用来安装籽粒剔除装置3的第二安装孔202。具体的，本发明的籽粒识别装置2是视觉镜头或超声波探头。本发明的籽粒剔除装置3包括：风管接头31，安装在第二安装孔202上；剔除风管32，其一端连接风管接头31；真空风机33，连接剔除风管32的另一端。
如图7所示，本发明的籽粒识别及剔除装置还包括：用于控制籽粒识别装置2工作的触发器，设置在籽粒识别装置2的下方，该触发器由对称安装在籽粒识别及剔除支架20内壁上的发光器件2a和光敏器件2b构成，发光器件2a和光敏器件2b可以同时对准同一个玉米籽粒。当发光器件2a发射信号，光敏器件2b能够接收到发光器件2a的信号时，此时一个玉米籽粒正位于籽粒识别装置2的下方，接收到控制信号的籽粒识别装置2便对该玉米籽粒进行检测识别，以对该玉米籽粒的摆放方向进行识别判断，当检测到该玉米籽粒不是按预定方向摆放时，籽粒剔除装置3接收到控制信号，以剔除该玉米籽粒，当检测到该玉米籽粒 是按预定方向摆放时，籽粒剔除装置3接收不到控制信号，不工作；当光敏器件2b不能够接收到发光器件2a的信号时，则发光器件2a和光敏器件2b刚好对准相邻第一窝眼45a之间的部分，籽粒识别装置2也刚好对准相邻第一窝眼45a之间的部分，籽粒识别装置2便不工作，籽粒剔除装置3也不工作，直到下一个玉米籽粒传送到籽粒识别装置2的下方，光敏器件2b又能够接收到发光器件2a的信号，籽粒识别装置2再次进行检测。这样，在控制系统的控制下，籽粒识别装置2依次对经过其下方的每个玉米籽粒进行识别判断，籽粒剔除装置3依次剔除经过识别后不按预定方向摆放的玉米籽粒。经过籽粒剔除装置3剔除以后，剩下的按预定方向摆放的玉米籽粒经过第一传送带45被传送到排种机构5。
如图1和8所示，排种机构5包括：种粒传送装置，安装在播种机架10上，种粒传送装置的一端为第二进料端5a，另一端为第二出料端5b；排种驱动装置，与种粒传送装置连接，用来驱动种粒传送装置在第二进料端5a与第二出料端5b之间移动。其中，种粒传送装置上设置有多个用来安置玉米籽粒的第二窝眼55a(如图8和9所示)，每个第二窝眼55a按照预定方向布置，相邻第二窝眼55a间隔预定间距。
具体的，如图9所示，种粒传送装置包括：排种架50，固定在播种机架10上；安装在排种架50上的一对第二水平传动轮51、52，一对第二水平传动轮51、52沿水平方向布置，其中心位于同一条水平线上；安装在排种架上50的一个第二竖直传动轮53，第二竖直传动轮53位于第二水平传动轮52的正下方，第二竖直传动轮53和第二水平传动轮52的中心位于同一条竖直线上；安装在排种架50上的第二张紧轮54，第二张紧轮54位于第二水平传动轮51和第二竖直传动轮53之间且不共线；安装在一对第二水平传动轮51、52、第二竖直传动轮53和第二张紧轮54上的第二传送带55。第二张紧轮54配合第二水平传动轮51、52、第二竖直传动轮53使用，可使第二传送带55处于适度张紧状态，在第二水平传动轮51和第二竖直传动轮53之间顺利传动。如图8、9和10所示，第二传送带55上设置有多个用来安置玉米籽粒的第二窝眼55a，第二窝眼55a的大小和形状与第一窝眼45a相同。第二传送带55在一对第二水平传动轮51、52之间形成第二水平传送段551，实现玉米籽粒的水平传送，第二传送带55在第二水平传动轮52和第二竖直传动轮53之间形成第二竖直传送段552，实现玉米籽粒 的竖直向下传送。如图8所示，第二传送带55对应第二水平传动轮51的一端为第二进料端5a，对应第二竖直传动轮53的一端为第二出料端5b。当第二传送带55在第二水平传动轮51和第二竖直传动轮53之间传动时，便将由输送到第二进料端5a的玉米籽粒传送到第二出料端5b，第二出料端5b将玉米籽粒安置在种床上。
如图9所示，本发明在排种架50上并位于一对第二水平传动轮51、52的上侧设置有第二水平挡料装置，用来防止安置在第二水平传送段551的第二窝眼55a内的玉米籽粒掉落。具体操作时，该第二水平挡料装置可以为一块第二水平挡板501，紧挨着位于第二水平传送段551的下方，以不妨碍第二传送带55顺利传动为宜。安装时，第二水平挡板501的水平长度只要大于第二水平传送段551的最外端的两个第二窝眼55a的距离即可，以不妨碍一对第二水平传动轮51、52的传动为宜。
本发明在排种架50上并位于第二水平传动轮52和第二竖直传动轮53的外侧设置有第二竖直挡料装置，用来防止安置在第二竖直传送段552的第二窝眼55a内的玉米籽粒脱出。该第二竖直挡料装置包括：安装在排种架50上的第二内挡料板502，位于第二水平传动轮52和第二竖直传动轮53的外侧以及位于第二竖直传送段552的内侧；安装在排种架50上的第二外挡料板503，位于第二竖直传送段552的外侧。具体操作时，第二内挡料板502紧挨着位于第二竖直传送段552的内侧，以不妨碍第二传送带55顺利传动为宜，第二内挡料板502的竖直长度只要大于第二竖直传送段552的最外端的两个第二窝眼55a的距离即可，以不妨碍第二水平传动轮52和第二竖直传动轮53的传动为宜；第二外挡料板503与第一外挡料板403的结构相同，其下端也具有弧形板，弧形板上对应第二出料端5b具有与第二窝眼55a形状相仿的第二排种口，配合第二出料端5b排种。
具体实施时，可以在第二出料端5b设置第二顶出装置，该第二顶出装置具有可伸缩的第二顶杆，当安置有玉米籽粒的第二窝眼55a转动到与第二外挡料板503的第二排种口对准时，第二顶杆伸出，将玉米籽粒顶出到种床。
如图1所示，第二传送带55在排种驱动装置的驱动下反复地由第二进料端5a向第二出料端5b传送玉米籽粒。本发明的排种驱动装置为安装在排种架50 上的变速机构56，连接并用于驱动第二水平传动轮52转动。具体的，变速机构56通过链条连接行走轮11，当行走轮11向前行走时，变速机构56在行走轮11的驱动下带动第二水平传动轮52转动，从而带动第二传送带55运动，这样，播种机在向前行走时，第二进料端5a不断的向第二出料端5b传送玉米籽粒，第二出料端5b不断地向种床上安置玉米籽粒。由于每个玉米籽粒在相应的第二窝眼55a内均按预定方向摆放，因此安置在种床上的玉米籽粒具有确定的方向，保证生长出来的玉米叶片按预定方向生长，相互之间无遮挡，均能获得足够的光照时间，从而提高产量；同时，由于相邻第二窝眼55a之间间距相等，可以使安置在种床上的相邻玉米籽粒之间相隔距离相等，在实际播种时，可以调整行走轮11的速度，从而调整安置在种床上的相邻玉米籽粒之间的距离，以获得作物生长所需最佳株距，从而确保作物生长时能够获得足够的光照，同时确保能够获得最佳的收成。
播种机在向前行走并播种时，步进电机46带动第一传送带45运动，将第一进料端4a的玉米籽粒按预定方向传送到第一出料端4b，行走轮11带动变速机构56驱动第二传送带55运动，将第二进料端5a的玉米籽粒传送到第二出料端5b。本发明的第二水平传动轮52上安装有速度传感器，用于检测第二传送带55的传送速度，并将信号反馈给控制系统，控制步进电机46的转速，使第一出料端4b为第二进料端5a持续供料，保证第二传送带55的第二窝眼55a内均具有玉米籽粒，从而保证种植的株距；另外，设计时，相邻第一窝眼45a的间距要小于相邻第二窝眼55a的间距，满足第二进料端5a的进料充足。进一步的，如图1和8所示，排种架50上方还安装有余料回收装置，用于将第一出料端4b排出的未安置在第二窝眼55a内的玉米籽粒回收，余料回收装置包括挡料架57和连接在挡料架57一侧的接料盘。
播种时，本发明的第二传送带55的第二窝眼55a的方向要与第一传送带45的第一窝眼45a的方向保持一致，以便确保玉米籽粒按预定方向传送至种床。
如图11所示，本发明的缓存料斗8的出料口8a的大小和形状与第一窝眼45a和第二窝眼55a的大小和形状相仿，以便将大小和形状满足要求的玉米籽粒输送到第一进料端4a。为了使缓存料斗8的出料口8a容易落种，如图3所示，本发明在籽粒摆正架40上安装了震动电机81，位于缓存料斗8的下方，用于使缓存 料斗8内的玉米籽粒在不断震动中有序的从出料口8a向第一进料端4a输送。
如图1所示，本发明的播种机还包括安装在播种机架10上的犁铧13，犁铧13位于整平机构的前方(指播种机播种方向的前方，即图1所示的整平机构的右侧)。播种机架10上设置有一对侧板12，一对侧板12位于犁铧13的后方(即如图1所示的左侧)。排种机构5位于一对侧板12之间，第二出料端5b伸出一对侧板12的底边。本发明的整平机构为安装在播种机架10上的整平轮6，整平轮6通过一根销轴安装在一对侧板12之间，并位于第二出料端5b的前方(即如图1所示的右侧)，整平轮6的底边伸出一对侧板12的底边，以便与种床接触。本发明的镇压机构为安装在播种机架10上的镇压轮7，镇压轮7通过一根销轴安装在一对侧板12之间，并位于第二出料端5b的后方(即如图1所示的左侧)，镇压轮7的底边伸出一对侧板12的底边，以便与种床接触。
当播种机向前行走时，犁铧13先将种床开出沟槽，随后整平轮6将沟槽压平，紧接着位于整平轮6后方的第二出料端5b输出的玉米籽粒便能够平稳地安置在被压平的种床上，而不会发生翻转偏离预定方向，最后镇压轮7将平稳地安置在种床上的玉米籽粒压入土壤，使玉米籽粒与种床的表面平齐，确保位于镇压轮7后方的覆土器9再覆土时，玉米籽粒就不会移动和翻转，从而确保了玉米籽粒按照预定方向和预定间距种植。
尽管上述对本发明做了详细说明，但本发明不限于此，本技术领域的技术人员可以根据本发明的原理进行修改，因此，凡按照本发明的原理进行的各种修改都应当理解为落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种玉米定向播种机，其特征在于包括：
    播种机架，其上安装有行走轮；
    安装在播种机架上的用来盛放玉米籽粒的缓存料斗；
    安装在播种机架上的籽粒摆正机构，具有第一进料端和第一出料端，其第一进料端与所述缓存料斗的出料口对应，用来接收缓存料斗排出的玉米籽粒，将玉米籽粒按照预定方向摆放并传送至第一出料端；
    安装在播种机架上的排种机构，具有第二进料端和第二出料端，其第二进料端与所述第一出料端对应，用来接收第一出料端排出的玉米籽粒，将玉米籽粒按照预定方向和间距排列并传送至第二出料端，由第二出料端排出安置在种床上。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的播种机，其特征在于，还包括：
    安装在所述播种机架上的整平机构，用来整平所述种床，位于所述第二出料端的前方；
    安装在播种机架上的镇压机构，用来将所述玉米籽粒固定在种床上，位于所述第二出料端的后方。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的播种机，其特征在于，所述籽粒摆正机构包括：籽粒识别及剔除装置，安装在所述播种机架上，位于所述第一进料端的前方，用于识别来自第一进料端的玉米籽粒是否按预定方向摆放，并剔除不按预定方向摆放的玉米籽粒；
    摆正传送装置，安装在所述播种机架上，其上设置有多个用来摆正玉米籽粒的第一窝眼，每个第一窝眼按照所述预定方向布置，摆正传送装置的一端为所述第一进料端，另一端为所述第一出料端；
    摆正驱动装置，与摆正传送装置连接，用来驱动摆正传送装置在所述第一进料端与所述第一出料端之间移动。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的播种机，其特征在于，所述摆正传送装置包括：
    籽粒摆正架，固定在所述播种机架上；
    安装在所述籽粒摆正架上沿水平方向布置的一对第一水平传动轮；
    安装在所述籽粒摆正架上的第一竖直传动轮，位于一个第一水平传动轮的下方；以及
    安装在一对第一水平传动轮、第一竖直传动轮上的第一传送带，其上设置有所述第一窝眼；
    其中，所述第一传送带对应另一个所述第一水平传动轮的一端为所述第一进料端，对应所述第一竖直传动轮的一端为所述第一出料端。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的播种机，其特征在于，所述籽粒识别及剔除装置包括：
    籽粒识别装置，安装在所述摆正传送装置上方，位于所述第一进料端的前方，用于识别安置在所述第一窝眼的玉米籽粒是否按预定方向摆放；
    籽粒剔除装置，位于籽粒识别装置前方，用于剔除不按预定方向摆放的玉米籽粒。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的播种机，其特征在于，所述籽粒识别及剔除装置还包括籽粒识别及剔除支架，安装在籽粒摆正架上，具有用来安装籽粒识别装置的第一安装孔和用来连接籽粒剔除装置的第二安装孔。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的播种机，其特征在于，所述籽粒识别装置包括：视觉镜头或超声波探头，安装在所述第一安装孔上。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的播种机，其特征在于，所述籽粒剔除装置包括：
    风管接头，安装在所述第二安装孔上；
    剔除风管，其一端连接所述风管接头；
    真空风机，连接所述剔除风管的另一端。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的播种机，其特征在于，所述排种机构包括：
    种粒传送装置，安装在所述播种机架上，其上设置有多个用来安置玉米籽粒的第二窝眼，每个第二窝眼按照所述预定方向布置，种粒传送装置的一端为所述第二进料端，另一端为所述第二出料端；
    排种驱动装置，与种粒传送装置连接，用来驱动种粒传送装置在所述第二进料端与所述第二出料端之间移动。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的播种机，其特征在于，所述种粒传送装置包括：
    排种架，固定在所述播种机架上；
    安装在所述排种架上沿水平方向布置的一对第二水平传动轮；
    安装在所述排种架上的第二竖直传动轮，位于一个第二水平传动轮的正下方；
    安装在一对第二水平传动轮、第二竖直传动轮上的第二传送带，其上设置有所述第二窝眼；
    其中，所述第二传送带对应另一个所述第二水平传动轮的一端为所述第二进料端，对应所述第二竖直传动轮的一端为所述第二出料端。
PCT/CN2014/091575 2014-11-19 2014-11-19 一种玉米定向播种机 WO2016078022A1 (zh)

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CN108307742A (zh) * 2017-12-09 2018-07-24 安徽省光明粮油工业有限公司 一种自动播种拖车
CN109168453A (zh) * 2018-09-19 2019-01-11 安徽农业大学 一种气力式排种机构及其应用的气力带送式精量排种装置
US20190230846A1 (en) * 2016-07-14 2019-08-01 Precision Planting Llc Systems, implements, and methods for seed orientation with adjustable singulators during planting
CN113455148A (zh) * 2021-06-25 2021-10-01 周李强 一种取种排种方法、装置

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US11678601B2 (en) * 2016-07-14 2023-06-20 Precision Planting Llc Seed disk with adjustable singulators for seed orientation during planting
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