WO2016077695A1 - Condensation de la vapeur de pyrolyse - Google Patents

Condensation de la vapeur de pyrolyse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016077695A1
WO2016077695A1 PCT/US2015/060578 US2015060578W WO2016077695A1 WO 2016077695 A1 WO2016077695 A1 WO 2016077695A1 US 2015060578 W US2015060578 W US 2015060578W WO 2016077695 A1 WO2016077695 A1 WO 2016077695A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pyrolysis vapor
bio
composition
oil
liquid phase
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/060578
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Zia Abdullah
Slawomir Winecki
Rachid Taha
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Battelle Memorial Institute
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Publication of WO2016077695A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016077695A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
    • B01D5/0093—Removing and treatment of non condensable gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0027—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by direct contact between vapours or gases and the cooling medium
    • B01D5/003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by direct contact between vapours or gases and the cooling medium within column(s)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
    • B01D5/0087—Recirculating of the cooling medium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G75/00—Inhibiting corrosion or fouling in apparatus for treatment or conversion of hydrocarbon oils, in general
    • C10G75/04—Inhibiting corrosion or fouling in apparatus for treatment or conversion of hydrocarbon oils, in general by addition of antifouling agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/16—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with non-aqueous liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • Biomass pyrolysis may be conducted, e.g., at about 450 °C to about 550 °C in various pyrolysis reactors. About 85% of the biomass may be converted to vapor, of which, e.g., about 75% by mass may be condensed into liquid bio-oil and, e.g., about 25% by mass may be non-condensing gas.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a prior art spray condenser system 100, which may typically be employed in larger pilot and commercial systems.
  • Pyrolysis vapor may enter a condenser chamber 102 via a heated vapor conduit 104 and may be cooled by a spray of bio-oil from a spray nozzle assembly 106.
  • the temperature of heated vapor conduit 104 may be, e.g., > 400 °C.
  • the bio- oil may exit condenser chamber 102 via an inverted pea trap line 108 that may maintain a pre-set level 110 of bio-oil in condenser chamber 102.
  • pea trap line 108 may mitigate or prevent pyrolysis vapor from exiting condenser chamber 102 at bio-oil output 112.
  • a portion of the condensed bio-oil may be directed, e.g., via pump 114 to spray nozzle assembly 106 through a heat exchanger 116 where the bio-oil may be cooled.
  • Non- condensable gas may exit at the top 118 of condenser chamber 102, e.g., after passing through de-mister 120.
  • unwanted deposits 122 may be formed at a location 124 where hot pyrolysis vapor enters condenser chamber 102 from heated vapor conduit 104.
  • Deposits 122 may tend to be viscous and tenacious, for example, because location 124 may be at a temperature that is low enough to condense high molecular weight, viscous fractions, and at the same time the temperature may be high enough that low molecular weight fractions and water do not condense. Deposits 122 may tend to rapidly plug location 124 at heated vapor conduit 104. Conventionally, a de-coker rod 126 may be employed to remove deposits 122, but de-coker rod 126 may be ineffective against sticky tar deposits.
  • a method for condensing a pyrolysis vapor.
  • the method may include providing a pyrolysis vapor in a condenser chamber.
  • the pyrolysis vapor may be derived from biomass.
  • the method may also include spraying a hydrocarbon liquid on the pyrolysis vapor effective to condense a bio-oil from the pyrolysis vapor such that at least one of a hydrocarbon liquid phase and a bio-oil liquid phase is formed in the condenser chamber.
  • a method for condensing a pyrolysis vapor may include providing a pyrolysis vapor in a condenser chamber.
  • the pyrolysis vapor may be derived from biomass.
  • the method may include spraying a cooled hydrocarbon liquid on the pyrolysis vapor effective to condense a bio-oil from the pyrolysis vapor.
  • a hydrocarbon liquid phase and a bio-oil liquid phase may be formed in the condenser chamber.
  • the hydrocarbon liquid phase and the bio-oil liquid phase may be at least partly immiscible.
  • the hydrocarbon liquid phase and the bio-oil liquid phase may be at least partly immiscible.
  • the method may also include recycling and cooling at least a portion of the hydrocarbon liquid phase from the condenser chamber to provide the cooled hydrocarbon liquid.
  • a method for mitigating fouling of a surface by a pyrolysis vapor condensate may include providing the pyrolysis vapor condensate to the surface.
  • the surface may be characterized by a contact angle.
  • the method may include increasing the contact angle effective to mitigate fouling of the surface by the pyrolysis vapor condensate by providing a composition to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface.
  • a method for mitigating fouling of a surface by a pyrolysis vapor condensate may include providing the pyrolysis vapor condensate to the surface.
  • the method may include providing an anti-fouling composition to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface.
  • the anti- fouling composition may be effective to mitigate fouling of the surface by the pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional prior art pyrolysis vapor condenser.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example embodiment 200 of a pyrolysis vapor condenser for mitigating deposit formation.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates another example embodiment 300 of a pyrolysis vapor condenser for mitigating deposit formation.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates another example embodiment 400 of a pyrolysis vapor condenser for mitigating deposit formation.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart outlining an example method 500 for condensing a pyrolysis vapor.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart outlining an example method 600 for condensing a pyrolysis vapor.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart outlining an example method 700 for mitigating fouling of a surface by a pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart outlining an example method 800 for mitigating fouling of a surface by a pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example embodiment 200 of a pyrolysis vapor condenser for mitigating deposit formation.
  • hot pyrolysis vapor may enter a condenser chamber 202 via a vapor conduit 204.
  • Vapor conduit 204 may be contained within a non-condensable gas conduit 206.
  • Vapor conduit 204 and non-condensable gas conduit 206 may each independently have any suitable shape in cross-section, such as polygonal (square, pentagonal hexagonal, and the like), annular (e.g., circular or elliptical), and the like.
  • vapor conduit 204 and non-condensable gas conduit 206 may be annular in cross- section.
  • Vapor conduit 204 may be contained within and separated from non-condensable gas conduit 206 by a gap 205 defined between an outside surface of vapor conduit 204 and an inside wall of non-condensable gas conduit 206.
  • Non-condensable gas conduit 206 may contact the condenser chamber 202.
  • the gap 205 may at least in part insulate vapor conduit 204.
  • Gap 205 may also, at least in part, insulate vapor conduit 204 from walls of condenser chamber 202.
  • Vapor conduit 204 may be approximately concentric or centered within non- condensable gas conduit 206, e.g., such that gap 205 may be in the form of a gap in cross section defined by the cross sectional shapes of vapor conduit 204 and non-condensable gas conduit 206.
  • gap 205 may be in the form of an annular gap in cross-section.
  • Gap 205 may extend toward a junction between non-condensable gas conduit 206 and condenser chamber 202.
  • Non-condensable gas may be directed through non-condensable gas conduit 206 via gap 205 such that vapor conduit 204 may be heated by the non-condensable gas to a desired temperature, generally the temperature of the pyrolysis reactor, e.g.,
  • vapor conduit 204 may be heated to a temperature, e.g., > 400 °C, such that deposits may be reduced or eliminated in vapor conduit 204.
  • the non-condensable gas conduit 206 may be operatively coupled to direct heated non-condensable gas from the heater 208 to the condenser chamber 202 via the gap 205 such that the non-condensable gas at least in part diverts the pyrolysis vapor from contacting the non-condensable gas conduit 206.
  • the non-condensable gas may contain little or no oxygen.
  • the non-condensable gas may be provided and may be heated, for example, to a desired temperature, e.g., to a desired temperature, e.g., to a desired temperature
  • the heated non-condensable gas may be carried through non- condensable gas conduit 206.
  • the heated non-condensable gas may surround heated vapor conduit 204 in gap 205.
  • Heater 208 may be any suitable device for heating the non- condensable gas, such as an electric heater, a combustion heater burning a byproduct of the pyrolysis or another fuel such as natural gas, a heat exchanger that may extract heat from the condenser or an associated pyrolysis reactor, fluidized bed char combustor, and the like.
  • the non-condensable gas heated by heater 208 may be from an external source.
  • the non-condensable gas heated by heater 208 may be derived from the non- condensable pyrolysis gas separated from the pyrolysis vapor by example condenser 200.
  • the non-condensable pyrolysis gas may be separated from the pyrolysis vapor in condenser chamber 202.
  • the non-condensable pyrolysis gas may pass through de-mister 210.
  • the non-condensable pyrolysis gas may be collected at the top 212 of the condenser chamber 202.
  • the non-condensable pyrolysis gas may be recycled through heater 208, e.g., by a suitable blower (not shown).
  • the heated non-condensable pyrolysis gas may be directed through heated non-condensable gas conduit 206 and surrounding heated vapor conduit 204 in gap 205.
  • Contact between the pyrolysis vapor and the wall of heated non-condensable gas conduit 206 may be mitigated or prevented.
  • pyrolysis vapor may be excluded from contact with the wall of heated non-condensable gas conduit 206.
  • Mitigation or prevention of contact between the pyrolysis vapor and the wall of heated non-condensable gas conduit 206 may mitigate or prevent formation of deposits from the pyrolysis vapor onto the inside wall of heated non-condensable gas conduit 206.
  • such mitigation or prevention of deposit formation from the pyrolysis vapor on the inside wall of heated non-condensable gas conduit 206 may occur even in the event the inside wall of heated non-condensable gas conduit 206 may drop below the desired temperature, e.g., below 400 °C.
  • to "mitigate” means to control, reduce, limit, or decrease the level or amount of the mentioned process or effect compared to the level or amount in the absence of the mentioned aspect of the apparatus, system, or method.
  • mitigation of contact between the pyrolysis vapor and the wall of heated non-condensable gas conduit 206 means to control, reduce, limit, or decrease the amount or level of contact between he pyrolysis vapor and the wall of heated non-condensable gas conduit 206.
  • to “prevent” means to substantially or completely control, reduce, limit, or decrease the level or amount of the mentioned process or effect compared to the level or amount in the absence of the mentioned aspect of the apparatus, system, or method.
  • the pyrolysis vapor entering condenser chamber 202 via vapor conduit 204 may be cooled by a spray of bio-oil from a spray nozzle assembly 214.
  • Condensed bio-oil may exit condenser chamber 202 via an inverted pea trap line 216.
  • Inverted pea trap line 216 may be configured to maintain a pre-set level 218 of bio-oil in condenser chamber 202.
  • pea trap line 216 may mitigate or prevent pyrolysis vapor from exiting condenser chamber 202 at bio-oil output 220.
  • a portion of the condensed bio- oil may be directed, e.g., via pump 222 to spray nozzle assembly 214 through a heat exchanger 224 where the bio-oil may be cooled.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates another example embodiment 300 of a pyrolysis vapor condenser for mitigating deposit formation.
  • Pyrolysis vapor condenser 300 may be a further embodiment of pyrolysis vapor condenser 200.
  • features with the same name and corresponding 3xx/2xx numbers may be the same, e.g., condenser chambers 302/202 may be the same, vapor conduits 304/204 may be the same, and the like.
  • Features differing between pyrolysis vapor condensers 200/300 may be independently selected and combined to form further pyrolysis vapor condenser embodiments (not shown).
  • pyrolysis vapor condenser 300 may include a vertical pyrolysis vapor conduit.
  • hot pyrolysis vapor may enter a top 303 of a condenser chamber 302 via a vapor conduit 304.
  • Vapor conduit 304 may be contained within a non-condensable gas conduit 306.
  • Vapor conduit 304 and non- condensable gas conduit 306 may each independently have any suitable shape in cross- section, such as polygonal (square, pentagonal hexagonal, and the like), annular (e.g., circular or elliptical), and the like.
  • vapor conduit 304 and non-condensable gas conduit 306 may be annular in cross-section.
  • Vapor conduit 304 may be contained within and separated from heated non-condensable gas conduit 306 by a gap 305 defined between an outside surface of vapor conduit 304 and an inside wall of non-condensable gas conduit 306.
  • Non-condensable gas conduit 306 may contact the condenser chamber 302.
  • the gap 305 may at least in part insulate vapor conduit 304.
  • Gap 305 may also, at least in part, insulate vapor conduit 304 from walls of condenser chamber 302.
  • Vapor conduit 304 may be approximately concentric or centered within non-condensable gas conduit 306, e.g., such that gap 305 may be in the form of a gap in cross section defined by the cross sectional shapes of vapor conduit 304 and non-condensable gas conduit 306.
  • gap 305 may be in the form of an annular gap in cross-section. Gap 305 may extend toward the junction between heated non-condensable gas conduit 306 and condenser chamber 302.
  • Non-condensable gas may be directed through non-condensable gas conduit 306 via gap 305 such that vapor conduit 304 may be heated by the non-condensable gas to a desired temperature, generally the temperature of the pyrolysis reactor, e.g., > 400 °C.
  • vapor conduit 304 may be heated to a temperature, e.g., > 400 °C, such that deposits may be reduced or eliminated in vapor conduit 304.
  • the non-condensable gas may contain little or no oxygen.
  • the non-condensable gas may be provided and may be heated, for example, to a desired temperature, e.g., > 400 °C, by a heater 308.
  • the non-condensable gas may be carried through non- condensable gas conduit 306 and surrounding vapor conduit 304 via gap 305.
  • Heater 308 may be any suitable device for heating the non-condensable gas, such as an electric heater, a combustion heater burning a byproduct of the pyrolysis or another fuel such as natural gas, a heat exchanger that may extract heat from the condenser or an associated pyrolysis reactor, fluidized bed char combustor, and the like.
  • the non-condensable gas heated by heater 308 may be from an external source or may be derived from the non-condensable pyrolysis gas separated from the pyrolysis vapor by example condenser 300.
  • the non- condensable pyrolysis gas may be separated from the pyrolysis vapor in condenser chamber 302.
  • the non-condensable pyrolysis gas may be collected at any location of the condenser chamber 302 above the liquid bio-oil.
  • the non-condensable pyrolysis gas may pass through de-mister 310 and/or optional aerosol separation cyclone 313 and/or aerosol separation electrostatic precipitator.
  • the non-condensable pyrolysis gas may be recycled through heater 308 by a suitable blower (not shown).
  • the heated non-condensable pyrolysis gas may be directed through non-condensable gas conduit 306 and surrounding vapor conduit 304 in gap 305.
  • pyrolysis vapor may be excluded from contact with the wall of heated non-condensable gas conduit 306. Mitigation or prevention of contact between the pyrolysis vapor and the wall of heated non-condensable gas conduit 306 may mitigate or prevent formation of deposits from the pyrolysis vapor onto the inside wall of heated non-condensable gas conduit 306.
  • such mitigation or prevention of deposit formation from the pyrolysis vapor on the inside wall of heated non-condensable gas conduit 306 may occur even in the event the inside wall of heated non-condensable gas conduit 306 may drop below the desired temperature, e.g., below 400 °C.
  • the pyrolysis vapor entering condenser chamber 302 via vapor conduit 304 may be cooled by a spray of bio-oil from a spray nozzle assembly 314.
  • Condensed bio-oil may exit condenser chamber 302 via an inverted pea trap line 316.
  • Inverted pea trap line 316 may maintain a pre-set level 318 of bio-oil in condenser chamber 302.
  • pea trap line 316 may mitigate or prevent pyrolysis vapor from exiting condenser chamber 302 at bio-oil output 320.
  • a portion of the condensed bio-oil may be directed, e.g., via pump 322 to spray nozzle assembly 314 through a heat exchanger 324 where the bio-oil may be cooled.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates another example embodiment 400 of a pyrolysis vapor condenser for mitigating deposit formation.
  • Pyrolysis vapor condenser 400 may be a further embodiment of pyrolysis vapor condenser 200 and/or pyrolysis vapor condenser 300.
  • features with the same name and corresponding 4xx/3xx/2xx numbers may be the same, e.g., condenser chamber 402/302/202 may be the same, vapor conduit 404/304/204 may be the same, and the like.
  • Features differing between pyrolysis vapor condensers 200/300/400 may be independently selected and combined to form further pyrolysis vapor condenser embodiments (not shown).
  • pyrolysis vapor condenser 400 may include a vertical pyrolysis vapor conduit and a liquid-liquid phase condenser using a hydrocarbon condensing liquid.
  • the hydrocarbon liquid may be at least partly immiscible with bio-oil, for example aqueous bio-oil.
  • the hydrocarbon liquid may be immiscible with bio-oil, for example aqueous bio-oil.
  • hot pyrolysis vapor may enter a top 403 of a condenser chamber 402 via a vapor conduit 404.
  • Vapor conduit 404 may be contained within a non-condensable gas conduit 406.
  • Vapor conduit 404 and non-condensable gas conduit 406 may each independently have any suitable shape in cross-section, such as polygonal (square, pentagonal hexagonal, and the like), annular (e.g., circular or elliptical), and the like.
  • vapor conduit 404 and non-condensable gas conduit 406 may be annular in cross-section.
  • Vapor conduit 404 may be contained within and separated from non-condensable gas conduit 406 by a gap 405 defined between an outside surface of vapor conduit 404 and an inside wall of non-condensable gas conduit 406.
  • Non-condensable gas conduit 406 may contact the condenser chamber 402.
  • the gap 405 may at least in part insulate vapor conduit 404.
  • Gap 405 may also, at least in part, insulate vapor conduit 404 from walls of condenser chamber 402.
  • Vapor conduit 404 may be approximately concentric or centered within non-condensable gas conduit 406, e.g., such that gap 405 may be in the form of a gap in cross section defined by the cross sectional shapes of vapor conduit 404 and non-condensable gas conduit 406.
  • gap 405 may be in the form of an annular gap in cross-section.
  • Gap 405 may extend toward a junction between heated non- condensable gas conduit 406 and condenser chamber 402.
  • Heated non-condensable gas may be directed through non-condensable gas conduit 406 via gap 405 such that vapor conduit 404 may be heated by the non-condensable gas to a desired temperature, e.g., > 400 °C.
  • vapor conduit 404 may be heated to a temperature, e.g., > 400 °C, such that deposits may be reduced or eliminated in vapor conduit 404.
  • the non-condensable gas which may contain little or no oxygen, may be provided and may be heated, for example, to a desired temperature, e.g., > 400 °C, by a heater (not shown), and carried through heated non-condensable gas conduit 406 and surrounding heated vapor conduit 404 in gap 405.
  • the non-condensable gas may be from an external source.
  • the non-condensable gas may be derived from the non-condensable pyrolysis gas separated from the pyrolysis vapor by example condenser 400, for example, separated using aerosol separation cyclone 407.
  • Example condenser 400 may use a cooled hydrocarbon fluid.
  • the cooled hydrocarbon fluid may be provided to spray condenser 408 by heat exchanger 410 and pump 412.
  • the hydrocarbon fluid may cool the bio-oil vapor in condenser chamber 402.
  • the hydrocarbon fluid may be at least partly immiscible with bio-oil, for example, aqueous bio-oil.
  • the hydrocarbon fluid may be immiscible with bio-oil, for example, aqueous bio-oil.
  • the hydrocarbon fluid may cool the bio-oil vapor, and may form two liquid phases, a hydrocarbon liquid phase 414 and a bio-oil liquid phase 416.
  • bio-oil liquid phase 416 may comprise liquid water.
  • Bio-oil liquid phase 416 may comprise organic material.
  • Pump 412 may extract a portion of the relatively less dense hydrocarbon liquid phase 414 via conduit 418.
  • the relatively denser bio-oil liquid phase 416 may be drawn through a filter 420 by pump 422 to remove filterable solids.
  • the bio-oil liquid phase 416 may be drawn to filter 420 via a heavy phase conduit 428.
  • the filtered bio-oil liquid phase 416 may be directed by pump 422 back into the bottom of the condenser chamber 402.
  • Condenser chamber 402 may be coupled by a light phase conduits 426 and 428 to an additional separation vessel 430.
  • the vessel 430 may provide phase separation between hydrocarbon fluid phase 414 and bio-oil liquid phase 416. In some embodiments, the vessel 430 may improve phase separation between hydrocarbon fluid phase 414 and bio-oil liquid phase 416. The phase separation may be improved due to low flow and low turbulence conditions within vessel 430. Condenser chamber 402 may be coupled by heavy phase conduit 428 to additional separation vessel 430. Separation vessel 430 may include a pea trap 432 and a bio-oil exit 434.
  • a pyrolysis vapor condenser 200 may include a condenser chamber 202. Pyrolysis vapor condenser 200 may include a vapor conduit 204 operatively coupled to condenser chamber 202. Vapor conduit 204 may be configured to deliver pyrolysis vapor into condenser chamber 202. Pyrolysis vapor condenser 200 may include a non-condensable gas conduit 206 operatively coupled to condenser chamber 202.
  • Vapor conduit 204 may be at least partly contained within non-condensable gas conduit 206 such that vapor conduit 204 and non-condensable gas conduit 206 may define a gap 205.
  • Pyrolysis vapor condenser 200 may include a heater 208.
  • Non-condensable gas conduit 206 may be operatively coupled to direct heated non- condensable gas from heater 208 to condenser chamber 202 via gap 205 such that vapor conduit 204 may be heated by the heated non-condensable gas effective to reduce or eliminate pyrolysis vapor deposition in vapor conduit 204.
  • one or more of vapor conduit 204, gap 205, and non- condensable gas conduit 206 may be annular in cross-section.
  • Vapor conduit 204, gap 205, and non-condensable gas conduit 206 may be substantially concentric.
  • Vapor conduit 204, gap 205, and non-condensable gas conduit 206 may be substantially concentric about a central axis.
  • the central axis may intersect condenser chamber 202 at a substantially horizontal angle, e.g., with respect to a gravitational vector.
  • the central axis may intersect condenser chamber 202 at a substantially vertical angle, e.g., with respect to the gravitational vector.
  • the central axis may intersect condenser chamber 202 at a substantially oblique angle, e.g., with respect to the gravitational vector.
  • heater 208 may be configured to heat the non- condensable gas such that vapor conduit 204 may be heated to at least about 400 °C. Heater 208 may be configured to heat the non-condensable gas such that vapor conduit 204 may be heated to between about 400 °C and about 600 °C.
  • pyrolysis vapor condenser 200 may include a non- condensable gas source, which may be external (not shown) such as a gas tank or gas line, or integral, e.g., the non-condensable gas source may include condenser chamber 202 effective to deliver at least a portion of the non-condensable gas separated from the pyrolysis vapor at condenser chamber 202 to heater 208.
  • the non-condensable gas source may be operatively coupled to deliver non-condensable gas to heater 208 to be heated.
  • the non-condensable gas source may be configured to provide the non-condensable gas substantially free of oxygen.
  • pyrolysis vapor condenser 200 may include a de-mister 210.
  • De-mister 210 may be configured to de-mist the non-condensable gas in condenser chamber 202, e.g., to extract liquid aerosols or other small droplets from the non-condensable gas.
  • Heater 208 may include one or more of an electric heater, a combustion heater, and a heat exchanger.
  • Heater 208 may include a combustion heater configured to burn one or more of a pyrolysis char, a pyrolysis vapor, biomass, natural gas, propane, coal, and bio-oil.
  • Heater 208 may include a heat exchanger configured to extract heat from one or more of condenser 200 and a pyrolysis reactor (not shown).
  • vapor conduit 204, gap 205, and non-condensable gas conduit 206 may be collectively configured to direct pyrolysis vapor away from gap 205.
  • pyrolysis vapor condenser 200 may include a pea trap 216 operative ly coupling condensing chamber 202 to a bio-oil exit 220.
  • pyrolysis vapor condenser 200 may include a spray nozzle assembly 214 configured to cool the pyrolysis vapor entering condenser chamber 202 via vapor conduit 204 effective to condense a bio-oil in condenser chamber 202.
  • Pyrolysis vapor condenser 200 may also include a pump 222 operatively coupled to condenser chamber 202 and spray nozzle assembly 214 to direct liquid bio-oil from condenser chamber 202 to spray nozzle assembly 214.
  • Pyrolysis vapor condenser 200 may also include pump 222 and a heat exchanger 224.
  • Pump 222 may be operatively coupled to condenser chamber 202, heat exchanger 224, and spray nozzle assembly 214.
  • Pump 222 may be configured to direct liquid bio-oil from condenser chamber 202 to heat exchanger 224 such that the liquid bio-oil may be cooled.
  • Pump 222 may be configured to direct the cooled liquid bio-oil from heat exchanger 224 to spray nozzle assembly 214.
  • Heat exchanger 224 may be configured to cool the bio-oil to less than about 90 °C.
  • Heat exchanger 224 may be configured to cool the bio- oil to less than about 50 °C.
  • pyrolysis vapor condenser 200 may include a pump 412 and a heat exchanger 410.
  • Pump 412 may be operatively coupled to condenser chamber 202, heat exchanger 410, and spray nozzle assembly 214.
  • Pump 412 may be configured to direct hydrocarbon liquid from condenser chamber 202 to heat exchanger 410 such that the hydrocarbon liquid is cooled and pump 412 may be configured to direct the cooled hydrocarbon liquid from heat exchanger 410 to spray nozzle assembly 214.
  • Heat exchanger 410 may be configured to cool the hydrocarbon liquid to less than about 90 °C. Heat exchanger 410 may be configured to cool the hydrocarbon liquid to less than about 50 °C. Condenser chamber 202 may be configured as a liquid- liquid condenser chamber.
  • pyrolysis vapor condenser 200 may include a separation vessel 430, a light phase conduit 426 operatively coupled to condenser chamber 202 to exchange the hydrocarbon liquid between condenser chamber 202 and the separation vessel 430, and a heavy phase conduit 428 operatively coupled to condenser chamber 202 to exchange the bio-oil between condenser chamber 202 and separation vessel 430.
  • a pea trap 432 may be included, operatively coupling separation vessel 430 to a bio-oil exit 434.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart outlining an example method 500 of the invention for condensing a pyrolysis vapor.
  • the method may include 502 providing a pyrolysis vapor in a condenser chamber.
  • the pyrolysis vapor may be derived from biomass.
  • the method may also include 504 spraying a hydrocarbon liquid on the pyrolysis vapor effective to condense a bio-oil from the pyrolysis vapor such that at least one of a hydrocarbon liquid phase and a bio-oil liquid phase is formed in the condenser chamber.
  • the method may include cooling the hydrocarbon liquid prior by spraying the hydrocarbon liquid on the pyrolysis vapor.
  • the method may include cooling the hydrocarbon liquid to less than about 90 °C.
  • the method may include cooling the hydrocarbon liquid to less than about 50 °C.
  • the method may include recycling at least a portion of the hydrocarbon liquid phase to provide the hydrocarbon liquid.
  • the method may include filtering at least a portion of the hydrocarbon liquid phase to provide a particulate-free hydrocarbon liquid.
  • the spraying the hydrocarbon liquid on the pyrolysis vapor may be effective to condense the bio-oil from the pyrolysis vapor such that the hydrocarbon liquid phase and the bio-oil liquid phase may be formed in the condenser chamber.
  • the method may include phase-separating the hydrocarbon liquid phase from the bio-oil liquid phase.
  • the phase-separating may be conducted in the condenser chamber.
  • the phase-separating may be conducted in a second- stage phase-separation chamber separate from the condenser chamber.
  • the second-stage phase-separating may be conducted under conditions compared to the condenser chamber of one or more of: lower flow and lower turbulence.
  • the hydrocarbon liquid phase may be at least partly immiscible with the bio-oil liquid phase.
  • the hydrocarbon liquid phase may be immiscible with the bio-oil liquid phase.
  • the bio-oil liquid phase may include water.
  • the bio-oil liquid phase may include organic material.
  • the method may include removing water from the bio-oil liquid phase.
  • the method may include recycling at least a portion of the bio-oil liquid phase to the condenser chamber.
  • the method may include filtering at least a portion of the bio-oil liquid phase.
  • providing the pyrolysis vapor in the condenser chamber may include directing the pyrolysis vapor into the condenser chamber via a conduit.
  • the conduit may be at least partly insulated from the condenser chamber by a gap. Directing the pyrolysis vapor into the condenser chamber via the conduit may be conducted at a substantially horizontal angle. Directing the pyrolysis vapor into the condenser chamber via the conduit may be conducted at a substantially vertical angle.
  • the method may include heating the conduit with a non- condensable gas effective to mitigate or prevent deposit formation in the conduit.
  • the non- condensable gas may at least in part divert the pyrolysis vapor from contacting the conduit.
  • the method may include heating the non-condensable gas such that the conduit is heated to at least about 400 °C.
  • the method may include heating the non-condensable gas such that the conduit is heated to between about 400 °C and about 600 °C.
  • the method may include providing the non-condensable gas substantially free of oxygen.
  • the method may include providing the non-condensable gas from an external source.
  • the method may include providing the non-condensable gas by separating the non- condensable gas from the pyrolysis vapor.
  • the method may include de -misting the non- condensable gas.
  • the method may include heating the non- condensable gas by electric heating, combustion heating, or heat exchanging.
  • the heat exchanging may include extracting heat from one or more of the condenser chamber and a pyrolysis reactor.
  • the method may include heating the non-condensable gas by combusting one or more of: a pyrolysis char, a pyrolysis vapor, biomass, natural gas, propane, coal, and bio-oil.
  • the method may include spraying at least a portion of bio-oil from the bio-oil liquid phase on the pyrolysis vapor effective to condense at least a portion of the bio-oil from the pyrolysis vapor in the condenser chamber.
  • the method may include cooling a portion of the bio-oil liquid phase from the condensing chamber to form cooled bio-oil; and spraying the cooled bio-oil on the pyrolysis vapor effective to condense at least a portion of the bio-oil from the pyrolysis vapor in the condenser chamber.
  • the method may include cooling at least a portion of the bio-oil liquid phase to less than about 90 °C.
  • the method may include cooling at least a portion of the bio-oil liquid phase to less than about 50 °C.
  • the method may include filtering a portion of the bio-oil liquid phase from the condensing chamber to form a filtered bio-oil; and spraying the filtered bio-oil on the pyrolysis vapor effective to condense at least a portion of the bio-oil from the pyrolysis vapor in the condenser chamber.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart outlining an example method 600 of the invention for condensing a pyrolysis vapor.
  • Method 600 may include 602 providing a pyrolysis vapor in a condenser chamber.
  • the pyrolysis vapor may be derived from biomass.
  • the method may include 604 spraying a cooled hydrocarbon liquid on the pyrolysis vapor effective to condense a bio-oil from the pyrolysis vapor.
  • a hydrocarbon liquid phase and a bio-oil liquid phase may be formed in the condenser chamber.
  • the hydrocarbon liquid phase and the bio- oil liquid phase may be at least partly immiscible.
  • the hydrocarbon liquid phase and the bio- oil liquid phase may be immiscible.
  • the method may also include 606 recycling and cooling at least a portion of the hydrocarbon liquid phase from the condenser chamber to provide the cooled hydrocarbon liquid.
  • the cooling at least a portion of the hydrocarbon liquid phase my include cooling to less than about 90 °C.
  • the cooling at least a portion of the hydrocarbon liquid phase may include cooling to less than about 50 °C.
  • the method may include filtering at least a portion of the hydrocarbon liquid phase.
  • the method may include phase-separating the hydrocarbon liquid phase from the bio-oil liquid phase.
  • the phase- separating may be conducted in the condenser chamber.
  • the phase-separating may be conducted in a second-stage phase-separation chamber separate from the condenser chamber.
  • the second stage phase-separating may be conducted under conditions compared to the condenser chamber of one or more of: lower flow and lower turbulence.
  • the bio-oil liquid phase may include water.
  • the bio-oil liquid phase may include organic material.
  • the method may include removing at least a portion of water from the bio-oil liquid phase.
  • the method may include recycling at least a portion of the bio-oil liquid phase to the condenser chamber.
  • the method may include filtering at least a portion of the bio-oil liquid phase.
  • the method may include cooling a portion of the bio-oil liquid phase from the condensing chamber to form a cooled bio-oil.
  • the method may include spraying the cooled bio-oil on the pyrolysis vapor effective to condense at least a portion of the bio-oil from the pyrolysis vapor in the condenser chamber.
  • the method may include cooling at least a portion of the bio-oil liquid phase to less than about 90 °C.
  • the method may include cooling at least a portion of the bio-oil liquid phase to less than about 50 °C.
  • the method may include filtering a portion of the bio-oil liquid phase from the condensing chamber to form a filtered bio-oil.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart outlining an example method 700 of the invention for mitigating fouling of a surface by a pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • the method may include 702 providing the pyrolysis vapor condensate to a surface.
  • the surface may be characterized by a contact angle.
  • the method may include 704 increasing the contact angle effective to mitigate fouling of the surface by the pyrolysis vapor condensate by providing a composition to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface.
  • contact angle means an angle between a test droplet of distilled water and the surface, as measured in the droplet.
  • the "contact angle” of the surface may be measured in the droplet of distilled water at the surface using conventional goniometry.
  • the contact angle at the surface may be related to surface tension of the droplet versus the polarity of the surface. For example, decreasing the polarity of the surface, e.g., by applying compositions described herein, such as an oil or polymer of hydrocarbon, silicone, chlorofluorocarbons, or fluorocarbon, may cause an increase in the contact angle of the coated surface compared to the surface with no such added coating.
  • the contact angle of the surface may be between about 0 degrees and about 90 degrees.
  • the method may include increasing the contact angle by an amount in degrees of one or more of about: 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, and 180, or a range between about any two of the preceding values, for example, between about 1 degree and about 180 degrees, between about 1 degree and about 90 degrees, and the like.
  • the method may include increasing the contact angle to a value in degrees of at least about 90, 91, 95, 100, 105, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 175, or 180, or a range between any two of the preceding degree values, for example, between about 90 and about 180, between about 91 and about 180, between about 90 and about 140, and the like.
  • the pyrolysis vapor condensate may be condensed from biomass pyrolysis vapor.
  • the pyrolysis vapor condensate may include bio-oil.
  • the composition may be characterized as less polar compared to the pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • the composition and the pyrolysis vapor condensate may be at least in part immiscible.
  • the composition and the pyrolysis vapor condensate may be immiscible.
  • the composition may be at least partly insoluble in the pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • the composition may be a liquid.
  • the composition may include one or more of: a hydrocarbon, a silicone, chlorofluorocarbons, or a fluorocarbon.
  • Suitable hydrocarbons may include, for example, alkanes, such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, and the like; cycloalkanes such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, and the like; aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, naptha, and the like; hydrocarbon mixtures, fluids, or fuels such as kerosene, diesel, and the like; and other nonpolar liquids.
  • Suitable silicone oils include, for example, a polydimethylsiloxane oil.
  • Suitable fluorocarbon solvents may include, for example, fluids sold under the tradename FPvEON®.
  • the composition may include diesel.
  • the surface may be located in a pyrolysis vapor condenser.
  • Providing the composition to the surface may include providing the surface including the composition as a solid coating on the surface.
  • the composition may include a solid coating of one or more of: a hydrocarbon polymer, a silicone polymer, and a fluorocarbon polymer on the surface.
  • hydrocarbon polymers may include polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like.
  • Suitable silicone polymers include, for example, a polydimethylsiloxane.
  • fluorocarbon polymers may include, e.g., tetrafluoropolyethylene, and the like.
  • the surface may include one or more of: a stainless steel; a carbon steel; an epoxy-coated steel; a fiber reinforced plastic-coated steel; galvanized steels; copper, aluminum, ; brass, alloys thereof; glass, and the like.
  • the composition may be a liquid. Applying the composition to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface may include spraying the composition onto one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface.
  • the composition may be an oil, e.g., hydrocarbon, used for spray- condensation of bio-oil as described herein. The oil used for spray condensation may be efficiently used for this purpose in part because the oil may be continuously sprayed on condenser surfaces and internally recirculated as part of the spray condensation process.
  • Applying the composition to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface may include spraying the composition on the pyrolysis vapor effective to condense the pyrolysis vapor condensate from the pyrolysis vapor.
  • the method may include cooling the composition prior to spraying the composition on the pyrolysis vapor, for example, to less than about 90 °C, less than about 50 °C, and the like.
  • spraying the composition on the pyrolysis vapor may be effective to condense the pyrolysis vapor condensate from the pyrolysis vapor such that a liquid phase of the composition and a liquid phase of the pyrolysis vapor condensate may be formed.
  • the method may include phase-separating the liquid phase of the composition and the liquid phase of the pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • Providing the composition to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface may include providing the composition between the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface.
  • Providing the composition may include applying the composition to the surface.
  • the composition may be provided to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface prior to condensing the pyrolysis vapor at the surface effective to form the pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • the composition may be provided to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface while condensing the pyrolysis vapor at the surface effective to form the pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • the composition may be applied at least intermittently. Applying the composition may include one or more of: wiping, spraying, condensing, flowing, and adhering.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart outlining an example method 800 of the invention for mitigating fouling of a surface by a pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • the method may include 802 providing the pyrolysis vapor condensate to the surface.
  • the method may include 804 providing an anti-fouling composition to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface.
  • the anti-fouling composition may be effective to mitigate fouling of the surface by the pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • the pyrolysis vapor condensate may be condensed from biomass pyrolysis vapor.
  • the pyrolysis vapor condensate may include bio-oil.
  • the anti-fouling composition may be characterized as less polar compared to the pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • the anti-fouling composition and the pyrolysis vapor condensate may be at least in part immiscible.
  • the anti-fouling composition and the pyrolysis vapor condensate may be immiscible.
  • the anti-fouling composition may be at least partly insoluble in the pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • the anti-fouling composition may be a liquid.
  • the anti-fouling composition may include one or more of: a hydrocarbon, a silicone, a cholorfluorocarbon, and a fluorocarbon.
  • Suitable hydrocarbons may include, for example, alkanes, such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, and the like; cycloalkanes such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, and the like; aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, naptha, and the like; hydrocarbon mixtures, fluids, or fuels such as kerosene, diesel, and the like; and other nonpolar liquids.
  • Suitable silicone oils include, for example, a polydimethylsiloxane oil.
  • Suitable fluorocarbon solvents may include, for example, fluids sold under the tradename FREON®.
  • the anti-fouling composition may include diesel.
  • the surface may be located in a pyrolysis vapor condenser.
  • Providing the anti-fouling composition to the surface may include providing the surface including the anti-fouling composition as a solid coating on the surface.
  • the anti-fouling composition may include a solid coating of one or more of: a hydrocarbon polymer, a silicone polymer, and a fluorocarbon polymer on the surface.
  • hydrocarbon polymers may include polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like.
  • Suitable silicone polymers may include, for example, a polydimethylsiloxane.
  • fluorocarbon polymers may include, e.g., tetrafluoropolyethylene, and the like.
  • the surface may include one or more of: a stainless steel; a carbon steel; an epoxy-coated steel; a fiber reinforced plastic-coated steel; galvanized steels; copper, aluminum, brass, and alloys thereof; glass, and the like.
  • the anti-fouling composition may be a liquid. Applying the anti-fouling composition to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface may include spraying the anti-fouling composition onto one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface. Applying the anti-fouling composition to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface may include spraying the anti-fouling composition on the pyrolysis vapor effective to condense the pyrolysis vapor condensate from the pyrolysis vapor.
  • the method may include cooling the anti-fouling composition prior to spraying the anti-fouling composition on the pyrolysis vapor, for example, to less than about 90 °C, less than about 50 °C, and the like.
  • spraying the anti-fouling composition on the pyrolysis vapor may be effective to condense the pyrolysis vapor condensate from the pyrolysis vapor such that a liquid phase of the anti-fouling composition and a liquid phase of the pyrolysis vapor condensate may be formed.
  • the method may include phase-separating the liquid phase of the anti-fouling composition and the liquid phase of the pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • Providing the anti-fouling composition to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface may include providing the anti-fouling composition between the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface.
  • Providing the anti-fouling composition may include applying the anti-fouling composition to the surface.
  • the anti-fouling composition may be provided to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface prior to condensing the pyrolysis vapor at the surface effective to form the pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • the anti- fouling composition may be provided to one or more of the pyrolysis vapor condensate and the surface while condensing the pyrolysis vapor at the surface effective to form the pyrolysis vapor condensate.
  • the anti-fouling composition may be applied at least intermittently. Applying the anti-fouling composition may include one or more of: wiping, spraying, condensing, flowing, and adhering.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Two bio-oil samples were prepared. A first bio-oil sample (1) was produced from biomass pyrolysis. A second bio-oil sample (2) was prepared by obtaining bio-oil produced from biomass pyrolysis, blending with diesel, and strongly agitating the resulting non-homogeneous mixture. After agitation, the mixture was allowed to settle, which formed two phases: a higher density bio-oil phase and a lower density diesel phase. The lower density diesel phase was discarded and the higher density bio-oil phase was used as the second bio-oil sample. [0073] Three identical 304 Stainless steel sheets (A, B, C) were cleaned with detergent and solvent dried with air: Sheet A was exposed to droplets of bio-oil (1).
  • Sheet B was exposed to bio-oil (2).
  • Sheet C was covered with diesel and then wiped leaving a thin non- polar coating on the surface. The diesel-coated Sheet C was then brought into contact with bio-oil (2).
  • Bio-oil (1) adhered well to Sheet A.
  • bio- oil (1) drained downward slowly at speed of 0.05 cm/s.
  • bio-oil (2) surprisingly drained downward more rapidly at a speed of 0.5 cm/s, a ten- fold increase compared to bio-oil (1).
  • EXAMPLE 2 Bio-oil (1) was applied on a clean 304 stainless steel sheet, then wiped with a commercially-available fiber-based wipe. Bio-oil (1) was observed to adhere very tenaciously to the surface and was difficult to remove simply by wiping. Bio-oil (1) was applied on a clean 304 stainless steel sheet that had been pre-coated with a non-polar layer of diesel. Bio-oil (1) did not adhere to the 304 stainless steel sheet that had been pre-coated with diesel.
  • non- polar liquids such as diesel and hexane may reduce surface fouling by bio-oil.
  • Such non-polar compositions may be blended with bio-oil in condenser systems to reduce bio-oil fouling tendencies, and may then later be recovered and recycled as facilitated by low miscibility with bio-oil.
  • the use of non-polar liquids may facilitate spray condensing of bio-oil from pyrolysis vapor by providing anti-fouling properties and providing recoverability according to the low miscibility with bio-oil.
  • spray-condensing using the non-polar liquids may facilitate anti-fouling due to the continuous nature of the spraying.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés permettant de condenser une vapeur de pyrolyse. Par exemple, un procédé peut comprendre la fourniture d'une vapeur de pyrolyse dans une chambre de condensation. La vapeur de pyrolyse peut être dérivée de biomasse. Le procédé peut également consister à pulvériser un hydrocarbure liquide sur la vapeur de pyrolyse efficace pour condenser une bio-huile à partir de la vapeur de pyrolyse de telle sorte qu'au moins l'une d'une phase liquide hydrocarbonée et d'une phase bio-huile liquide soit formée dans la chambre de condensation. L'invention concerne également des procédés permettant de réduire l'encrassement d'une surface par un condensat de vapeur de pyrolyse. Le procédé peut consister à fournir le condensat de vapeur de pyrolyse à la surface. La surface peut être caractérisée par un angle de contact. Le procédé peut consister à augmenter l'angle de contact efficace pour limiter l'encrassement de la surface par le condensat de vapeur de pyrolyse par la fourniture d'une composition à un ou plusieurs parmi le condensat de la vapeur de pyrolyse et la surface.
PCT/US2015/060578 2014-11-14 2015-11-13 Condensation de la vapeur de pyrolyse WO2016077695A1 (fr)

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US20220226765A1 (en) * 2019-06-10 2022-07-21 Neste Oyj Method for processing plastic waste pyrolysis gas
WO2023225501A3 (fr) * 2022-05-16 2024-01-25 Plastics Decoded Llc Système de capture de carbone

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WO2000068338A1 (fr) * 1999-05-05 2000-11-16 Svedala Industries, Inc. Condensation et recuperation d'huile a partir de gaz de pyrolyse
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WO2007002113A1 (fr) * 2005-06-20 2007-01-04 Winterbrook Investment Partners, Llc Systemes et procedes de conversion de materiaux organiques et de production d'energie
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WO2023225501A3 (fr) * 2022-05-16 2024-01-25 Plastics Decoded Llc Système de capture de carbone

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