WO2016072933A1 - Procédé pour transférer des fonds et système associé - Google Patents

Procédé pour transférer des fonds et système associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016072933A1
WO2016072933A1 PCT/SG2015/050422 SG2015050422W WO2016072933A1 WO 2016072933 A1 WO2016072933 A1 WO 2016072933A1 SG 2015050422 W SG2015050422 W SG 2015050422W WO 2016072933 A1 WO2016072933 A1 WO 2016072933A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal
dispensing
deposit
recipient
sender
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SG2015/050422
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Seng Chuan TAN
Norma SIT
Original Assignee
Tan Seng Chuan
Sit Norma
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tan Seng Chuan, Sit Norma filed Critical Tan Seng Chuan
Publication of WO2016072933A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016072933A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/02—Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/10—Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic funds transfer [EFT] systems; specially adapted for home banking systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/10—Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic funds transfer [EFT] systems; specially adapted for home banking systems
    • G06Q20/108—Remote banking, e.g. home banking
    • G06Q20/1085—Remote banking, e.g. home banking involving automatic teller machines [ATMs]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/32—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using wireless devices
    • G06Q20/322—Aspects of commerce using mobile devices [M-devices]
    • G06Q20/3223—Realising banking transactions through M-devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a peer-to-peer (P2P) trustless money transfer service.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • the present invention relates to a method for transferring cash in a P2P fashion without involving trust-based intermediaries such as banks or trusted third parties that provide fiducial guarantees or assurances to secure the transaction of funds to the recipients on behalf of senders.
  • a typical fund transferring process within the same country usually involves at least two intermediaries such a central bank which regulates banks and a bank that facilities the transfer of money. Where fund transfers take place across different countries, additional trusted intermediaries such as money transfer companies and/or correspondent banks may be involved.
  • additional trusted intermediaries such as money transfer companies and/or correspondent banks may be involved.
  • a person sends the funds through a bank he and the recipient often have to own bank accounts.
  • One must meet certain requirements to obtain a bank account and requirements such as minimum deposit for account opening or income level requirements may not be met by everyone particularly in undeveloped countries. In fact, about two-thirds of the world's labour population do not own a bank account.
  • the sender must bear a high percentage of transaction fees set by these intermediaries for every transaction that is made, especially for small amounts of transfers, for example, around USD 100 per transfer or less. Consequently, going through such fund transferring processes is not only inconvenient but also can be expensive if the transaction values are small.
  • the remitter can immediately remit money without the concern of an account balance change which can occur between the time of remittance by the remitter and the time of receipt of the money by the non-member recipient, and the remitted money can be transferred to the recipient at the desired time.
  • a remittance management system for managing a remittance performed by a client from a remitter account at a first financial institution to a remittee account at a second financial institution, includes a deposit confirming unit for confirming that money has been transferred from the remitter account to the first account at the first financial institution managed by the remittance management system and a remitter changing unit for changing the remitter by ordering to remit money from the second account at the second financial institution managed by the remittance management system to the remittee account instead of a remittance from the first account to the remittee account caused by a deposit to the first account.
  • the system needs to be self-regulated.
  • the system must be able to provide its user with the element of integrity and guarantee of completion of transaction.
  • the system must have sufficient authentication and record-keeping means to comply with the local rules and regulations.
  • the operation of the system will not involve intermediaries such as bank or a trusted third party.
  • the present invention provides such a system and method thereof.
  • the invention provides a method for transferring funds from a sender at a self service deposit terminal to a recipient at a self service dispensing terminal in real time via one or more servers linked in a communications network.
  • the method may comprise the steps of sending, from the deposit terminal to the a deposit terminal server; transaction information about the sender and recipient, and dispensing terminal or terminals in a particular location; retrieving, from an operating server, details of a specific dispensing terminal or group of terminals within the location specified by the sender and its corresponding evaluation on trustworthiness and/or rating based on past experiences of users, and sending the selected transaction information to the deposit terminal; informing the deposit terminal server which of the potential dispensing terminal or group of terminals has been selected by the sender; sending, from the deposit terminal to the deposit terminal server, information relating to the deposit of funds at the deposit terminal by the sender; electronically generating, by the deposit terminal server, a first authentication code carrying information of a digital currency and transaction and a second secured authentication code carrying digital signatures; sending, the first
  • the information of sender and/or recipient includes a preferred language of the interface, mobile number, account number, identification card number, and names.
  • the first authentication code or the second authentication code may be formatted in the form of a quick response (QR) code.
  • the recipient may be provided with a list of options allowing the recipient to convert the received funds into vouchers, goods, or services.
  • the dispensing terminal server may send a transaction record to the deposit terminal server after the completion of transaction and the deposit terminal server may forward the transaction record to the deposit terminal.
  • the QR code may bear the second secured authentication code allowing the recipient to go a manned station with cash dispensing cashier for receiving the funds in form of cash, vouchers, goods, or services.
  • the dispensing terminal server may upon a request made by the recipient at the dispensing terminal send code carrying information of the completion of transaction to the sender's mobile device.
  • the method may further comprise the step of receiving biometric data of the sender during the step of depositing the funds at the deposit terminal.
  • the method may further comprise the step of receiving biometric data of the recipient during the step of dispensing funds in form of cash at the dispensing terminal.
  • the method may further comprise the step of sending a digital receipt of the transaction to the sender and/or recipient or printing the receipt at the terminals.
  • the method may further comprise the step of encrypting data to be transmitted.
  • the invention also provides a system for transferring funds in real time.
  • the system may comprise a deposit terminal connected to a communication network for a sender to initiate a fund transaction; a dispensing terminal linked to the communication network allowing a recipient to interactively respond to the fund transaction; an operating server connected to the communication network, the operating server has a registry server for collecting information relating to the terminals, a rating server for collecting evaluation of trustworthiness of each terminal based on past users experiences, and a database for storing the information; a multitude of digital currency provider servers connected to the communication network; a deposit terminal server and a dispensing terminal server linked to the communication network for sending and/or receiving instructions and information; wherein the deposit terminal server can be configured to receive, from the deposit terminal, information of the sender and/or the recipient and an enquiry about dispensing terminals in a particular location, to retrieve from the operating server, details of dispensing terminals within the location specified by the sender and its corresponding evaluation based on past experiences of users, and forwarding such information to the deposit terminal
  • the funds are tradable for e- voucher, goods, or services via the self-service dispensing terminal, in accordance to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the servers or the terminals may further include an encryption module for securing personal information to be transmitted and generating the first and second secured authentication codes.
  • the first or second secured authentication code can be sent to a mobile device of the recipient or a mobile device of the sender.
  • the system may further comprise a currency converter module to convert the currency of the funds to a designated foreign currency.
  • the deposit terminal or the dispensing terminal may be a self-service kiosk terminal comprising of a cash acceptor for receiving cash from the sender, a cash dispensing unit for dispensing cash to the recipient, a display screen to display a plurality of transaction options, a speaker, a camera, a microphone, and means for inputting instruction and information.
  • the kiosk terminal may further include a processor, a module containing options for the sender to select, a module for calculating the received cash and the cash to be dispensed, means for connecting the terminal to the communication network, means for printing the transaction record.
  • the kiosk terminal may further include a card reader and sensor for detecting cards with security chips, paper vouchers and tickets.
  • the kiosk terminal may further include a biometric device and sensor for detecting biometric information of the sender such as fingerprint, voice recognition devices, face recognition devices, hand geometric reader, and iris recognition.
  • the kiosk terminal may further comprise a near field communication (NFC) reader which allows the kiosk terminal to establish connection between itself and mobile device embedded with NFC chips.
  • NFC near field communication
  • the deposit terminal or the dispensing terminal is a manned station with cash receiving cashier or cash dispensing cashier.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for transferring funds.
  • a person who donates or transfers funds shall be referred as a "sender” while the person who receives the funds shall be referred as a "recipient”.
  • the sender or recipient may also represent an institution, corporation, or company.
  • the deposit terminal (100) and the dispensing terminal (200) are an interactive kiosk which may be strategically placed in shopping complexes, malls, merchants' stores, or mass transit stations etc, configured to receive and dispense cash, receive instruction and information from the user of the kiosk, display a list of options allowing the user to choose a desired service, and etc.
  • the terminals may also be manned terminal with cash receiving/dispensing cashier.
  • the kiosk terminal may include a note and coin acceptor unit for receiving notes and coins as a means of payment.
  • the note and coin acceptor unit has means for identifying and calculating the notes and coins
  • the kiosk terminal may further include a card reader and sensor for detecting payment using cards with security chip or magnetic stripe such as reward cards, point cards, stored-value cards, gift cards, credit cards or debit cards.
  • the kiosk has a hopper to store the notes and coins. In the event of the collection of the notes and coins, the operator of the kiosk needs to provide a unique unlocking code or mechanism to remove the hopper.
  • the hopper may comprise a sensor to measure the contained cash for safety and verification purposes. It should be noted that the mode of payment is not limited to the aforementioned examples and may be varied and improved in accordance to the progression of payment technology in the future.
  • the kiosk may also include means for printing the transaction receipt or e-voucher.
  • the kiosk terminal may also be provided with a card reader and sensor for detecting cards with security chip, magnetic stripe, and etc which may include but are not limited to reward cards, point cards, value cards, credit cards or debit cards.
  • the sensor may also be used for detecting voucher, quick response code, or tickets with barcodes on them in which, the kiosk terminal is provided with a barcode scanner.
  • the kiosk terminal may further comprise a plurality of buttons to allow the user to select the options displayed by at least one display screen. However, the buttons may not be required if the display screens are touch screens or other input/output devices.
  • the kiosk prompts the user to select and insert information.
  • the information may include but is not limited to a preferred language of the interface, mobile number/account number/identification card number and names of the sender and the recipient, the value of remittance, the type of device which may be used to receive the fund, a Personal Identification Number (PIN), and etc.
  • the kiosk terminal may further comprise a near field communication (NFC) reader incorporated with appropriate software and mobile application, allowing the kiosk terminal to establish a connection between the kiosk and mobile device having NFC chips.
  • NFC near field communication
  • the establishment of connection between the kiosk and mobile device allows the kiosk terminal to directly deduct mobile airtime credit or mobile wallet points from the mobile device to be used as a means of payment.
  • the NFC allows the kiosk terminal to identify and verify a user by scanning the mobile phone owned by the user.
  • the kiosk terminal may also include biometric identification means such as fingerprint scanner, microphone, retina scanner, or camera with face recognition software for fingerprint recognition, voice recognition, iris recognition, or face recognition in addition to the identity card number or mobile phone number.
  • the kiosk will only accept cash deposit or dispense cash from the kiosk terminal when relevant information such as biometric data of the user is collected or verified.
  • the kiosk terminal carries a QR code that consists of its address and details.
  • the sender or recipient is able to snapshot the QR code and send to the other party.
  • the kiosk terminal also allows the sender or recipient to key-in the other party's mobile device number or email address so that the kiosk terminal is able to send the QR code to either the designated mobile device or the email address.
  • the kiosk terminal also comprises a network termination unit (NTU) for connecting to a communication network which is linked to a plurality of servers.
  • the link between the network and the NTU may be established through a wired or wireless connection.
  • the communication network is a wireless network connection established via a wireless protocol cloud, which is a GPRS cloud.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
  • 3G protocol High Speed Packet Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • the NTU is connected to a network switch.
  • the network switch allows the network to be either connected to the servers, to an internet cloud or both.
  • Each terminal is governed by a local server.
  • the deposit terminal server (110) manages the deposit terminal (100)
  • the dispensing terminal server (210) manages the dispensing terminal (200).
  • These servers (110, 210) consist of one or more computers for receiving data from the terminals, transmitting data to the other servers, and processing the received data, and a database for storing the data.
  • each server has a user interface allowing the system owner to operate the entire server.
  • the registry server (410) is a centralised hub (400) where the servers (110, 210) register their terminals.
  • the registry server (410) receives and stores information of the kiosk terminal from the servers (110, 210). The information includes but not limited to the address of kiosk, type of kiosk, owner, and etc.
  • the rating server (420) is an interactive server configured to collect reviews, ratings, trustworthiness, and user's experiences relating to the kiosk terminals.
  • the rating server (420) comprise a questionnaire module to generate a list of questions relating to user experience and trustworthiness of the kiosk terminals, a web module to collect online reviews of the kiosk terminals, a matching module to scan for kiosk terminals that fulfil the criteria set by the user, and an application module that synchronises the information of the registry server (410) and the rating server (420), and updates the database (430) simultaneously.
  • the crypto-currency exchange and/or provider (500) is a body that provides a designated type of medium of exchange.
  • the crypto-currency exchange and/or provider (500) uses bitcoin as its medium of exchange.
  • the bitcoin provider also provides a software or module for generating a pair of keys for use in a bitcoin transaction. Such application will be installed in the deposit terminal server (110) and/or the dispensing terminal server (210).
  • the fund transaction is initiated by the sender at the deposit terminal by input of information that may include a preferred language of the interface, mobile number, account number, identification card number, name of the sender and the recipient, and the area of a potential dispensing terminal for receiving the funds.
  • the information will be sent to the deposit terminal server by the first kiosk terminal via the communication network.
  • the deposit tenninal server then retrieves information of terminals that are located at specified location together with its corresponding evaluation or rating. The retrieved information is forwarded to the deposit terminal for the sender to choose. If the sender already has the QR code of the dispensing terminal, the sender may scan the QR code to skip the step of selecting a dispensing terminal.
  • the terminal will prompt the sender to insert a designated amount of funds, and then transmit the information relating to the deposit of funds to the deposit terminal server.
  • the deposit terminal server initiates the funds transaction by generating a public key and private key of bitcoin in form of QR code, and then sends the public key to the dispensing terminal and sends the private key to the sender or recipient mobile device.
  • the dispensing terminal server needs to receive the private key from the recipient at the dispensing tenninal.
  • the dispensing terminal server verifies the bitcoin funds transaction and further instructs the dispensing terminal to dispense the funds in form of cash.
  • transaction receipt generated by the servers can be printed at both the terminals as evidence. Further verification such as acquiring biometric data of the sender and recipient during the cash deposit process and the cash dispensing process may be implemented to comply with the local rules and regulations.
  • the invention provides a method that may comprise the steps of sending funds from a cash-deposit terminal to receive funds at a cash- dispensing terminal whether immediately or after a time lapse between sending and receiving.
  • Transaction information is keyed into the deposit terminal such as the Sender Information including the Mobile Telephone Number, the Recipient Information including the Mobile Telephone Number.
  • the Recipient is notified of the funds being remitted in a variety of ways including emails or SMS.
  • the Sender may select the dispensing terminal closest to the Recipient and key this into the deposit terminal to provide such information to the Recipient.
  • the Recipient can look up on a registry where they may receive the Cash Disbursement for the Fund Received where such a Registry is a log of all such Terminals willing to disburse cash for the Recipient for a Fee marked off the cash being disbursed. The Recipient would then go to a Terminal where they can receive the Cash at a fee he can accept.
  • the backbone of the transaction process is the conversion of Cash Received at the deposit terminals into a Carrier of Value such as Digital Currency or an Internationally Accepted Voucher which may or may not be regulated by the Regulatory Bodies and Financial Institutions of both Remitting and Recipient countries.
  • a series of automated or semi- automated processes may be set in place to authenticate the Sender and/ or Recipient if required, such as processes to comply with Know-Your-Customer and Anti-Money- Laundering Requirements such as biometrics or scanning of Identifications or using two factor authentications passwords sent to registered or unregistered mobile phones.
  • the supply of the Carrier of Value or Internationally Accepted Voucher or Digital Currency to the Remitting Terminal can be managed by the Manager or Owner of the Remitting Terminal such that they make the purchase of such products online or at exchanges, where the products are stored in the Terminals, or on remotely or directly connected Servers and/or Exchanges. These products are electronically dispatched to the Recipient in formats such as Cryto Currencies or other such stored codes.
  • the Recipient encashes these products for Cash by selling the Products to the Exchanges or to a local or remote Buyer of the Products that may include the Manager or Owner of the dispensing terminal.
  • the Sender may receive a notification that the money has been disbursed or received by his selected recipient. The process may include the additional step of requesting if the Recipient agrees to receive the remitted funds to prevent the situation of funds being remitted to unwilling parties.
  • the Recipient if they choose not to cash-out the received funds may hold onto the received funds in the form of the underlying carrier of value for as long as they wish with the understanding that value may fluctuate in conversion to cash eventually, or that such value may even be terminated for one reason or another including an breakdowns of such a trustless P2P system.
  • the process may include technologies such as the use of QR codes, chip-based cards, biometrics, One Time Pins, 2-Factor Authentication and other such supporting technologies either to reduce human error in keying in or enabling keying in of information or for validation and authentication of persons.
  • Data may be encrypted in part or in full from the moment it is keyed into the system.
  • the system will leverage other generally available technologies and networks including telco networks and features such as mobile sender and recipient telephone numbers, emails, SMS, USSD or any other such technology to enable to communications between Sender and Recipient related to the Money Transfer Transaction.
  • the key feature in this invention is the absence of an intermediary like the bank or the Central Bank, and that such a system can be operated by a plurality of owners or managers of the terminals, a value carrier such as cryto-currency or any other carrier of value that may be universally accepted and is able to transverse borders with a buying and selling price whether locally or internationally such that the Sender in the motion of remitting is purchasing the carrier and the Recipient in the motion of Disbursing is selling the carrier back into the market represented by an exchange or the immediate owner or manager of the terminals.
  • a value carrier such as cryto-currency or any other carrier of value that may be universally accepted and is able to transverse borders with a buying and selling price whether locally or internationally such that the Sender in the motion of remitting is purchasing the carrier and the Recipient in the motion of Disbursing is selling the carrier back into the market represented by an exchange or the immediate owner or manager of the terminals.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Economics (AREA)
  • Development Economics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Marketing (AREA)
  • Technology Law (AREA)
  • Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour transférer des fonds entre un expéditeur et un destinataire en temps réel, ledit procédé consistant à envoyer des informations concernant l'expéditeur et/ou le destinataire et une requête concernant des terminaux de distribution dans un emplacement spécifié par l'expéditeur, à recevoir des détails d'un terminal de distribution particulier ou d'un groupe particulier de terminaux dans l'emplacement comprenant une évaluation de la fiabilité du terminal de distribution. Un terminal de distribution potentiel ou un groupe potentiel de terminaux est ensuite sélectionné sur la base des informations reçues. Lors de la sélection du terminal de distribution, des premier et second codes d'authentification sont générés, le premier code acheminant des informations concernant une devise et une transaction numériques et le second code d'authentification sécurisé acheminant des signatures numériques. Le premier code d'authentification est envoyé à un serveur associé au terminal de distribution et le second code d'authentification sécurisé au mobile du destinataire pour une entrée dans le terminal de distribution sélectionné afin d'achever la transaction et de permettre au terminal de distribution de distribuer les fonds.
PCT/SG2015/050422 2014-11-04 2015-10-30 Procédé pour transférer des fonds et système associé WO2016072933A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SG10201407217U 2014-11-04
SG10201407217U 2014-11-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016072933A1 true WO2016072933A1 (fr) 2016-05-12

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11151549B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2021-10-19 KRNC Inc. Cryptographic and fiat currency mechanics

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110137796A1 (en) * 2009-12-08 2011-06-09 John Tullis Payment message routing using geo-location
US20120089515A1 (en) * 2010-10-08 2012-04-12 The Western Union Company Identification level generation methods and systems
US20130031009A1 (en) * 2011-07-28 2013-01-31 Apple Inc. Ad-hoc cash dispensing network
US8494956B2 (en) * 1999-10-26 2013-07-23 The Western Union Company Internet funds transfer system using ATM pickup

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8494956B2 (en) * 1999-10-26 2013-07-23 The Western Union Company Internet funds transfer system using ATM pickup
US20110137796A1 (en) * 2009-12-08 2011-06-09 John Tullis Payment message routing using geo-location
US20120089515A1 (en) * 2010-10-08 2012-04-12 The Western Union Company Identification level generation methods and systems
US20130031009A1 (en) * 2011-07-28 2013-01-31 Apple Inc. Ad-hoc cash dispensing network

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11151549B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2021-10-19 KRNC Inc. Cryptographic and fiat currency mechanics

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