WO2016071359A1

WO2016071359A1 - Herbicidal compounds

Info

Publication number: WO2016071359A1
Application number: PCT/EP2015/075634
Authority: WO
Inventors: James Alan Morris; Alan Joseph Hennessy; Jutta Elisabeth Boehmer
Original assignee: Syngenta Participations Ag
Priority date: 2014-11-07
Filing date: 2015-11-03
Publication date: 2016-05-12
Also published as: GB201419822D0

Abstract

The invention relates to substituted pyrrolone derivatives of the formula (I) wherein X, A, R¹, R² and R³ are as defined in the specification. Furthermore, the present invention relates to processes and intermediates for making compounds of formula (I), to herbicidal compositions comprising these compounds and to methods of using these compounds to control or inhibit plant growth.

Description

HERBICIDAL COMPOUNDS

The present invention relates to certain substituted pyrrolone derivatives, to processes for their preparation, herbicidal compositions comprising them, and their use in controlling plants or inhibiting plant growth.

Herbicidal pyrrolones of the formula

wherein A is hydroxy, halogen or OAcyl; and R is an optionally substituted aryl, aralkyl heteroaryl group are taught in Swiss patent application CH633678. Similar compounds with different substitutions at, for example, A, are taught in e.g. EP 0297378, EP 0334133, EP 0339390 and EP 0286816.

Summary of the Invention

In a first aspect, the invention provides herbicidal compounds of the formula (I)

(I)

wherein

X is selected from S and O; A is selected from - -

R^a is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, Ci-C₆ alkylthio, and a group R⁵R⁶NC(0)-, or R^a and R^b together with the carbon or nitrogen atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyi; R^b is selected from hydrogen, formyl, hydroxyl, halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₈ alkyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, Ci-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ alkylthio, Ci- Ce alkoxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ alkylthio Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkoxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy Ci-C₆ alkoxy, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkenyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, C₂-C₆ alkynyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy C₂-C₆ alkenyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy C₂-C₆ alkynyl, Ci- Ce alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylthio, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆ alkenylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆ alkynylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynylcarbonyl, tri Ci-C₆ alkylsilyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, R⁵R⁶NC(0)-, a group R⁵R⁶N-, a group R⁵C(0)N(R⁶)-, a group R⁵S(0₂)N(R⁶)-, a group R⁵R⁶NS0₂-, a group R⁵R⁶NC(0) Ci-C₆ alkyl, a C₆-Ci₀ aryloxy group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, C1-C3 haloalkyi and C1-C3 haloalkoxy, a C₆-Ci₀ aryl C1-C3 alkyl group - - optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C3 alkyl, C₁-C3 alkoxy, C₁-C3 haloalkyl and C₁-C3 haloalkoxy, a C₆-Ci₀ benzyloxy group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C3 alkyl, C₁-C3 alkoxy, C₁-C3 haloalkyl and C₁-C3 haloalkoxy, a C₃-C₆ heterocyclyl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from C₁-C4 alkyl, a C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl group optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkoxy and Ci-C₆ alkyl and a C3-C7 cycloalkenyl group optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkoxy and Ci-C₆ alkyl, or R^b and R^a together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, or R^b and R^c together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, or R^b and R^f together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, or R^b and R⁹ together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl;

R^c is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, or R^c and R^b together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, or R^c and R^f together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, or R^c and R⁹ together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms - - independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyi;

R^d is selected from hydrogen, formyl, hydroxyl, halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆

cyanoalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆ cyanocycloalkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, Ci-C₆ alkylthio, Ci-C₆ alkoxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ alkthio Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkoxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkenyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, C₂-C₆ alkynyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyloxy, Ci- Ce alkoxy C₂-C₆ alkenyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C C₆ alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylthio, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylcarbonyl, a group R³0(0)C-, C₂-C₆ alkenylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆ alkynylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynylcarbonyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxycarbonyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkenyloxycarbonyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkynyloxycarbonyloxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxycarbonyloxy, tri Ci- Ce alkylsilyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, a group R⁵R⁶N-, a group R⁵C(0)N(R⁶)-, a group R⁵S(0₂)N(R⁶)-, a group R⁵R⁶NC(0)-, a group R⁵R⁶NC(0)0-, a group R⁵R⁶NS0₂-, a C₆-Ci₀ aryl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C3 alkyl, C₁-C3 alkoxy, C₁-C3 haloalkyi, and C₁-C3 haloalkoxy, a C5-C₁₀ heteroaryl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C3 alkyl, C₁-C3 alkoxy, C₁-C3 haloalkyi, and C₁-C3 haloalkoxy; a C₆-Ci₀ aryloxy group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C3 alkyl, C₁-C3 alkoxy, C₁-C3 haloalkyi, and C₁-C3 haloalkoxy, a C₆-Ci₀ benzyl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C3 alkyl, C₁-C3 alkoxy, C₁-C3 haloalkyi, and C₁-C3 haloalkoxy, a C₆-Ci₀ benzyloxy group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C3 alkyl, C₁-C3 alkoxy, C₁-C3 haloalkyi, and C₁-C3 haloalkoxy and a C₃-C₆ heterocyclyl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from C₁-C4 alkyl, or R^d and R^e together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms

independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen or Ci-C₆ alkyl; R^e is selected from hydrogen, formyl, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆ cyanocycloalkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, Ci-C₆ alkoxy, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkoxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkenyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkynyl,C₂-C₆

alkenyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy Ci-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyl, C₂- C₆ haloalkenyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkthio Ci-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkylthio, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylthio, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆

haloalkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylcarbonyl, a group R⁵R⁶N- and, when R^b is other than hydrogen, nitro, - - or R^e and R^d together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen or Ci-C₆ alkyl; R^f is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyl and C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, or R^f and R^b together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, or R^f and R^c together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, or R^f and R⁹ together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl;

R⁹ is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, or R⁹ and R^b together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, or R⁹ and R^c together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, or R⁹ and R^f together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl;

R^h is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy and Ci-C₆ alkylthio;

R^j is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy;

R is halogen and R² is Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy or -NR ⁰R or R is Ci-C₃ alkoxy and R² is halogen, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, or R is Ci-C₃ alkyl and R² is Ci-C₃ alkoxy; - -

R³ is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, -NR ⁴R¹⁵, Ci-C₆ alkoxy or any one of the following groups

A -^ - ^R^ R *^₀y

R⁵ and R⁶ are, independently, selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy andCi-C₆ cyanoalkyl, or R⁵ and R⁶ together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen and Ci-C₆ alkyl;

R⁷ and R⁸ are, independently, selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, a C₅-Ci₀ heteroaryl group which can be mono- or bicyclic comprising from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, C₁-C3 alkyl, C₁-C3 haloalkyl and C₁-C3 alkoxy, a C₆- C-io aryl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C3 alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyl and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy, or R⁷ and R⁸ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen or d-C₆ alkyl;

R⁹ is selected from Ci-C₆ alkyl and benzyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyl and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy;

R ⁰ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy-Ci-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl-Ci-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl and C₂-C₆ alkynyl;

R is selected from hydrogen and Ci-C₆ alkyl; R ³ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl and C₂-C₆ alkynyl;

R ⁴ and R ⁵ are, independently, selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₂₀ alkyl, Ci-C₂₀ haloalkyl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl andC₂-C₂₀ alkynyl, or R ⁴ and R ⁵ together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from - -

1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen and Ci-C₆ alkyl; or an N-oxide or salt form thereof.

In a second aspect, the invention provides herbicidal compositions comprising a compound of the invention together with at least one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant or diluent.

In a third aspect, the invention provides the use of a compound or a composition of the invention for use as a herbicide.

In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a method of controlling weeds in crops of useful plants, comprising applying to said weeds or to the locus of said weeds, or to said useful crop plants, a compound or a composition of the invention.

In a fifth aspect, the invention relates to processes useful in the preparation of compounds of the invention.

In a sixth aspect, the invention relates to intermediates useful in the preparation of compounds of the invention. Detailed Description

In particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, the preferred groups for X, R^a, R^b, R^c, R^d, R^e, R^f, R⁹, R^h, R^j, R , R² and R³, in any combination thereof, are as set out below.

Preferably, X is O.

Preferably, R^a is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C₄ alkyl and Ci-C₄ haloalkyl. More preferably, R^a is selected from hydrogen, chloro, methyl or mono-, di- or tri-substituted halo methyl. Most preferably, R^a is hydrogen.

Preferably, R^b is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₈ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂- C₈ alkenyl, d-C₆ cyanoalkyi, d-C₆ alkoxy, d-C₆ alkylthio, a group R⁵R⁶NC(0) d-C₆ alkyl, d-C₆ alkoxy d-C₆ alkyl and C₃-d cycloalkyi optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from cyano, d-C₃ alkyl and d-C₃ alkoxy.

More preferably, R^b is selected from hydrogen, halogen, d-C₈ alkyl, d-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, d-C₆ alkylthio and C₃-d cycloalkyi optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from cyano, d-C₃ alkyl and d-C₃ alkoxy.

Even more preferably R^b is selected from methyl, ethyl, /^'so-propyl, ieri-butyl, (1 , 1- dimethyl)-prop-1-yl, (2-methyl)-prop-1-yl, (2,2-dimethyl)-prop-1-yl, (1 , 1-dimethyl)-prop-2-en-1-yl, (1 , 1-dimethyl)-but-3-en-1-yl, cyclobutyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, (l-methyl)cycloprop- 1-yl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1 , 1 , 1 ,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl, 2,2,2,- trifluoro-1 -ethyl, methylthio, 1 , 1-difluoroethyl and 1-fluoro-1-methylethyl. - -

Most preferably, R^b is selected from /^'so-propyl, ieri-butyl, (1 ,1-dimethyl)-prop-2-en-1-yl, cyclopropyl, methyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-ethyl, 1 ,1-difluoroethyl and 1-fluoro-1-methylethyl.

Preferably, R^c is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano andCi-C₃ alkyl. More preferably R^c is selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl and cyano. Most preferably, R^c is selected from hydrogen, fluorine and cyano.

Preferably, R^d is selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkyl, Ci-C₆ alkylthio, Ci-C₆ alkoxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy Ci-C₆ alkoxy, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy C₂-C₆ alkenyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, a group R ³0(0)C-, a group R⁵R⁶NC(0)-, a group

R⁵C(0)N(R⁶)-, a C₆-Cio aryl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C3 alkyl, C₁-C3 alkoxy, C₁-C3 haloalkyi, and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy, a C₅-Ci₀ heteroaryl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyi, and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy; a C₃-C₆ heterocyclyl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from Ci-C₄ alkyl.

More preferably, R^d is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₄ alkyl, Ci-C₄ haloalkyi, C_rC₄ cyanoalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, a group R ³0(0)C-, a group R⁵R⁶NC(0)-, d-C₆ haloalkoxy, Ci-C₄ alkoxy or a C₆-Ci₀ aryl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyi, and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy.

Even more preferably, R^d is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₄ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₄ alkenyl, Ci-C₄ haloalkylor a C₆-Ci₀ aryl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyi, and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy.

Even more preferably R^d is selected from hydrogen, cyano, bromo, chloro, fluoro, methyl, vinyl, 1-propen-1-yl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, methoxy, isopropoxycarbonyl and phenyl optionally substituted with fluorine or chlorine.

Most preferably, R^d is selected from hydrogen, chloro and trifluoromethyl. Preferably, R^e is selected from hydrogen, formyl, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆ cyanocycloalkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, Ci-C₆ alkoxy, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkoxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkenyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkynyl,C₂-C₆ alkenyl oxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy Ci-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkthio Ci-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkylthio, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylthio, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylcarbonyl, a group R⁵R⁶N- and, when R^b is other than hydrogen, nitro; or R^e and R^d together with the carbon atoms to which they are - - attached form a 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen or Ci-C₆ alkyl.

More preferably, R^e is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ cycloalkyl, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₂-C₆ alkenyl and the group R⁵R⁶N-.

More preferably, R^e is selected from hydrogen, cyano, halogen, Ci-C₄ alkyl and Ci-C₄ haloalkyl.

Even more preferably, R^e is selected from halogen, Ci-C₄ alkyl and C1-C4 haloalkyl. Even more preferably R^e is selected from bromo, chloro, fluoro, 1-fluoroethyl, 1 , 1- difluoroethyl, difluorom ethyl, 1-fluoro-1-methylethyl, methyl, /^'so-propyl, ieri-butyl and

trifluoromethyl.

Most preferably, R^e is selected from methyl, /^'so-propyl, ieri-butyl and trifluoromethyl.

Preferably R^f is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, or R^b and R^f together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl.

More preferably R^f is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, or R^b and R^f together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated ring.

Most preferably R^f is selected from hydrogen, methyl and cyclopropyl or R^b and R^f together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a cyclohexyl or a cyclobutyl ring.

Preferably R⁹ is hydrogen. Preferably R^h is selected from hydrogen, methyl, methoxy and thiomethyl. Most preferably

R^h is selected from hydrogen and thiomethyl.

Preferably R^j is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl and C1-C3 haloalkoxy. More preferably R^j is selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy. Most preferably R^j is selected from hydrogen and fluorine. Preferably R is halogen and R² is C1-C3 alkyl or R is C1-C3 alkoxy and R² is C1-C3 alkyl or

C1-C3 alkoxy,or R is C1-C3 alkyl and R² is C1-C3 alkoxy.

More preferably, R is selected from chlorine and bromine and R² is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, methoxy and ethoxy or R is selected from methoxy and ethoxy and R² is - - selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, methoxy and ethoxy or R is selected from methyl, ethyl and n-propyl and R² is selected from methoxy and ethoxy.

Most preferably, R is selected from chlorine and bromine and R² is selected from methyl and methoxy or R is methoxy and R² is selected from methyl and methoxy or R is methyl and R² is methoxy.

In one embodiment, R is halogen and R² is C1-C3 alkyl. Preferably, R is chloro and R² is methyl or R is bromo and R² is methyl.

In another embodiment, R is C1-C3 alkoxy and R² is C1-C3 alkyl. Preferably, R is methoxy and R² is methyl. In another embodiment, R is C1-C3 alkoxy and R² is Ci-C₃ alkoxy. Preferably, R is methoxy and R² is methoxy.

Preferably, R³ is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, -NR ⁴R¹⁵, or any of the following groups

R⁷ may be as defined above but preferably, R⁷ is selected from Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, a C₅-Ci₀ monocyclic heteroaryl group comprising from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ haloalkyi and Ci-C₃ alkoxy, a C₆- C-io aryl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyi and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy. More preferably, R³ is selected from hydroxyl, halogen, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxycarbonyloxy and aryloxycarbonyloxy wherein the aryl group may be substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyi and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy.

Even more preferably, R³ is selected from hydroxyl and halogen. Most preferably, R³ is hydroxyl.

The compounds of formula (I) may exist as different geometric isomers, or in different tautomeric forms. This invention covers all such isomers and tautomers, and mixtures thereof in all proportions, as well as isotopic forms such as deuterated compounds. For example, the compound wherein A is an imidazole, the tautomeric forms (la) and (lb) can exist - -

la lb

The compounds of this invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers and may thus give rise to optical isomers and diastereomers. While shown without respect to

stereochemistry, the present invention includes all such optical isomers and diastereomers as well as the racemic and resolved, enantiomerically pure R and S stereoisomers and other mixtures of the R and S stereoisomers and agrochemically acceptable salts thereof. It is recognized that certain optical isomers, or diastereomers may have favorable properties over the other. Thus when disclosing and claiming the invention, when a racemic mixture is disclosed, it is clearly contemplated that both optical isomers, including diastereomers substantially free of the other are disclosed and claimed as well.

Alkyl, as used herein refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain and includes straight and branched chains e. g. of 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neo-pentyl, n-hexyl, and isohexyl.

Alkenyl, as used herein, refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain having at least one double bond, and preferably one double bond, and includes straight and branched chains e. g. of 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as ethenyl (vinyl), prop-1-enyl, prop-2-enyl (allyl), isopropenyl, but-1- enyl, but-2-enyl, but-3-enyl, 2-methypropenyl.

Alkynyl, as used herein, refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain having at least one triple bond, and preferably one triple bond, and includes straight and branched chains e. g. of 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as ethynyl, prop-1-ynyl, prop-2-ynyl (propargyl) but-1-ynyl, but-2-ynyl and but- 3-ynyl.

Cycloalkyl, as used herein, refers to a cyclic, saturated hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.

Cycloalkenyl, as used herein, refers to a cyclic, partially unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, which may be bicyclic.

Alkoxy as used herein refers to the group -OR, wherein R is alkyl as defined above.

Examples of alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, t-butoxy, n-pentoxy, isopentoxy, neo-pentoxy, n-hexyloxy, and isohexyloxy. - -

Alkenyloxy refers to the group -OR, wherein R is alkenyl as defined above. Examples of alkenyloxy groups are ethenyloxy, propenyloxy, isopropenyloxy, but-1-enyloxy, but-2-enyloxy, but-3-enyloxy, 2-methypropenyloxy etc.

Alkynyloxy refers to the group -OR, wherein R is alkynyl is as defined above. Examples of alkynyloxy groups are ethynyloxy, propynyloxy, but-1-ynyloxy, but-2-ynyloxy and but-3-ynyloxy.

Alkoxyalkyl as used herein refers to the group -ROR, wherein each R is, independently, an alkyl group as defined above.

Alkoxyalkenyl as used herein refers to the group -ROR', wherein R is an alkenyl group as defined above and R' is an alkyl group as defined above. Alkoxyalkynyl as used herein refers to the group -ROR', wherein R is an alkynyl group as defined above and R' is an alkyl group as defined above.

Alkoxyalkoxy, as ued herein, refers to the group -OROR, wherein each R is,

independently, an alkyl group as defined above.

Alkenyloxyalkyl, as used herein, refers to the group -ROR' wherein R is an alkyl group as defined above and R' is an alkenyl group as defined above.

Cyanoalkyl as used herein refers to an alkyl group substituted with one or more cyano groups.

Cyanoalkenyl as used herein refers to an alkenyl group substituted with one or more cyano groups. Cyanoalkynyl as used herein refers to an alkynyl group substituted with one or more cyano groups.

Cyanocycloalkyl as used herein refers to an cycloalkyl group substituted with one or more cyano groups.

Cyanoalkoxy as used herein refers to the group -OR, wherein R is cyanoalkyl as defined above.

Hydroxyalkyl as used herein refers to the group -ROH, wherein R is alkyl as defined herein.

Halogen, halide and halo refer to iodine, bromine, chlorine and fluorine.

Haloalkyi as used herein refers to an alkyl group as defined above wherein at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced with a halogen atom as defined above. Examples of haloalkyi groups include chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl. Preferred haloalkyi groups are fluoroalkyi groups {i.e. haloalkyi groups, containing - - fluorine as the only halogen). More highly preferred haloalkyi groups are perfluoroalkyi groups, i.e. alkyl groups wherein all the hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine atoms.

Haloalkenyl as used herein refers to an alkenyl group as defined above wherein at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced with a halogen atom as defined above. Haloalkynyl as used herein refers to an alkynyl group as defined above wherein at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced with a halogen atom as defined above.

Haloalkoxy as used herein refers to the group -OR, wherein R is haloalkyi as defined above.

Haloalkenyloxy as used herein refers to the group -OR, wherein R is haloalkenyl as defined above.

Haloalkynyloxy as used herein refers to the group -OR, wherein R is haloalkynyl as defined above.

Alkylthio as used herein refers to the group -SR, wherein R is an alkyl group as defined above. Alkylthio groups include, but are not limited to, methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, tert- butylthio, and the like.

Alkylthioalkyl as used herein refers to the group -RSR, wherein each R is, independently, an alkyl group as defined above.

Haloalkylthio as used herein refers to the group -SR, wherein R is a haloalkyi group as defined above. Alkylsulfinyl as used herein refers to the group -S(0)R, wherein R is an alkyl group as defined above.

Alkylsulfonyl as used herein refers to the group -S(0)₂R, wherein R is an alkyl group as defined above.

Haloalkylsulfinyl as used herein refers to the group -S(0)R, wherein R is a haloalkyi group as defined above.

Haloalkylsulfonyl as used herein refers to the group -S(0)₂R, wherein R is a haloalkyi group as defined above.

Alkylsulfonyloxy, as used herein refers to the group -OS0₂R, wherein R is an alkyl group as defined above. Alkylcarbonyl, as used herein refers to the group -COR, wherein R is an alkyl group as defined above. Examples of alkylcarbonyl groups include ethanoyi, propanoyi, n-butanoyl, etc. - -

Alkenylcarbonyl, as used herein refers to the group -COR, wherein R is an alkenyl group as defined above.

Alkynylcarbonyl, as used herein refers to the group -COR, wherein R is an alkynyl group as defined above. Haloalkylcarbonyl, as used herein refers to the group -COR, wherein R is a haloalkyl group as defined above.

Haloalkenylcarbonyl, as used herein refers to the group -COR, wherein R is a haloalkenyl group as defined above.

Haloalkynylcarbonyl, as used herein refers to the group -COR, wherein R is a haloalkynyl group as defined above.

Alkoxycarbonyloxy as used herein, refers to the group -OC(0)OR, wherein R is an alkyl group as defined above. Examples of alkoxycarbonyloxy groups are methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, propoxycarbonyloxy, but-1-oxycarbonyloxy, but-2-oxycarbonyloxy and but-3- oxycarbonyloxy. Haloalkoxycarbonyloxy as used herein, refers to the group -OC(0)OR, wherein R is a haloalkyl group as defined above.

Alkenyloxycarbonyloxy as used herein, refers to the group -OC(0)OR, wherein R is an alkenyl group as defined above.

Alkynylcarbonyloxy, as used herein, refers to the group -OC(0)OR, wherein R is an alkynyl group as defined above.

Trialkylsilylalkynyl, as used herein, refers to the group -RSi(R')₃, wherein R is an alkynyl group as defined above and each R' is, independently, selected from an alkyl group as defined above.

Formyl, as used herein, refers to the group -C(0)H. Hydroxy or hydroxyl, as used herein, refers to the group -OH.

Nitro, as used herein, refers to the group -N0₂. Cyano as used herein, refers to the group -CN.

Aryl, as used herein, refers to an unsaturated aromatic carbocyclic group of from 6 to 10 carbon atoms having a single ring (e. g., phenyl) or multiple condensed (fused) rings, at least one of which is aromatic (e.g., indanyl, naphthyl). Preferred aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl and the like. Most preferably, an aryl group is a phenyl group. - -

Aryloxy, as used herein, refers to the group -O-aryl, wherein aryl is as defined above. Preferred aryloxy groups include phenoxy, naphthyloxy and the like.

Benzyl, as used herein, refers to the group -CH₂C₆H5.

Benzyloxy, as used herein, refers to the group -OCH₂C₆H₅. Heterocyclyl, as used herein, refers to a non-aromatic ring system containing 3 to 10 ring atoms, at least one ring heteroatom and consisting either of a single ring or of two or more fused rings. Preferably, single rings will contain up to three and bicyclic systems up to four heteroatoms which will preferably be chosen from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Examples of such groups include pyrrolidinyl, imidazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, quinuclidinyl, morpholinyl, together with unsaturated or partially unsaturated analogues such as 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro- benzothiophenyl, chromen-4-onyl, 9H-fluorenyl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo-l,4-dioxepinyl, 2,3-dihydro- benzofuranyl, piperidinyl, 1 ,3-dioxolanyl, 1 ,3-dioxanyl, 4,5-dihydro-isoxazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl and morpholinyl.

Heteroaryl, as used herein, refers to a ring system containing 5 to 10 ring atoms, 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms and consisting either of a single aromatic ring or of two or more fused rings, at least one of which is aromatic. Preferably, single rings will contain up to three and bicyclic systems up to four heteroatoms which will preferably be independently chosen from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Examples of such groups include pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl and tetrazolyl. Examples of bicyclic groups are

benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, quinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl and pyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidinyl.

'Saturated ring', as used herein, refers to a ring system in which the atoms in the ring are linked by single bonds. 'Partially unsaturated ring', as used herein, refers to a ring system in which at least two atoms in the ring are linked by a double bond. Partially unsaturated ring systems do not include aromatic rings.

'Optionally substituted' as used herein means the group referred to can be substituted at one or more positions by any one or any combination of the radicals listed thereafter. For most groups, one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by the radicals listed thereafter. For halogenated groups, for example, haloalkyl groups, one or more halogen atoms are replaced by the radicals listed thereafter.

Suitable salts include those derived from alkali or alkaline earth metals and those derived from ammonia and amines. Preferred cations include sodium, potassium, magnesium, and ammonium cations of the formula N⁺(R ⁹R²⁰R² R²²) wherein R ⁹, R²⁰, R² and R²² are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ hydroxyalkyl. Salts of the - - compounds of Formula I can be prepared by treatment of compounds of Formula I with a metal hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide, or an amine, such as ammonia, trimethylamine, diethanolamine, 2-methylthiopropylamine, bisallylamine, 2-butoxyethylamine, morpholine, cyclododecylamine, or benzylamine. Amine salts are often preferred forms of the compounds of Formula I because they are water-soluble and lend themselves to the preparation of desirable aqueous based herbicidal compositions.

Acceptable salts can be formed from organic and inorganic acids, for example, acetic, propionic, lactic, citric, tartaric, succinic, fumaric, maleic, malonic, mandelic, malic, phthalic, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, nitric, sulfuric, methanesulfonic, naphthalenesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, toluenesulfonic, camphorsulfonic, and similarly known acceptable acids when a compound of this invention contains a basic moiety.

Compounds of the invention may be prepared by techniques known to the person skilled in the art of organic chemistry. General methods for the production of compounds of formula (I) are described below. Unless otherwise stated in the text, the substituents R , R², R³, R^a, R^b, R^c, R^d, R^e, R^f , R⁹ , R^h and R^j are as defined hereinbefore. The starting materials used for the preparation of the compounds of the invention may be purchased from usual commercial suppliers or may be prepared by known methods. The starting materials as well as the intermediates may be purified before use in the next step by state of the art methodologies such as chromatography, crystallization, distillation and filtration. In one embodiment, there are provided intermediates of formula (II)

(II) wherein R , R² and A are as defined above.

In a further embodiment, there are provided intermediates of formula (III)

(III) - -

wherein R and R² are as defined above.

For example, compounds of formula (I) wherein R³ is a hydroxyl group may be prepared by reaction of substituted maleic anhydride (V) with amine (VI), wherein A is an optionally substituted isoxazole ring, in acetic acid to give maleimide (IV), and subsequent reduction with e.g. sodium borohydride to give compound (VII) (compound (I) wherein R³ is hydroxyl), together with regioisomer (VIII) as a side-product (Scheme 1 ). Suitable conditions for achieving these transformations are disclosed in CH633678. Maleic anhydrides (V) can be prepared by literature methods (Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1 : Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1982, p. 215 - 222, EP1426365 A1 , 2004, Journal of Organic

Chemistry, 1998 , vol. 63, 8, p. 2646 - 2655).

(V) (VI)

Scheme 1

Alternatively, compounds of formula (I) wherein R³ is a hydroxyl group may be prepared by reaction of a substituted hydroxyl pyrrolone (III) with a group A-X (IX), where A is as defined above and X is a suitable leaving group, eg. a halogen, in the presence of a transition metal complex [M], often Palladium, e.g. Pd₂(dba)₃ or Pd(OAc)₂, often in presence of a ligand, e.g. Xantphos or Brettphos, often in presence of a base, e.g. potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate in an inert solvent, e.g. toluene or dioxane to give compound (VII) (compound (I) wherein X=0 and R³ is hydroxyl). (Scheme 2)

Suitable conditions for effecting transformations as shown in scheme 2 will be known to those skilled in the art, related examples are set out for example in Org. Lett., Vol. 2 , No 8, 2000, 1 101-1 104.

- -

Scheme 2

Substituents R^a, R^b, R^c, R^d, R^e, R^f , R⁹ , R^h and R^j on the heteroaromatic ring can either be in place in the amine A-NH₂ (V) as shown in scheme 1 , or in the A-X (VI II) as shown in scheme 2 or, alternatively, can be introduced at various stages of a reaction sequence through functional group interconversion (FGI) as shown in an example in Scheme 3.

(see Scheme 1 )

Scheme 3

The hydroxypyrrolones (I II) can be prepared from the appropriate anhydride (V), via the ide intermediate (X), as shown in scheme 4.

Scheme 4

Alternatively, compounds of formula (VII), wherein R , R² and A are as described above can be prepared by acylating the appropriate amine (VI) with compound (XI II) to give intermediate (XIV). (XIV) can then be converted by a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) olefination to give the intermediates (XVI) and (XVI I) and cyclization under acidic conditions then - - leads to the desired product as shown in Scheme 5. Suitable conditions for achieving these transformations are disclosed e.g. in Tetrahedron Letters, 2008, vol. 49, p. 4029-4032.

Alternatively, compounds of formula (I) wherein R is halogen may be prepared by halogenation of a maleimide (XVIII) to give 3-halomaleimide (XIX). Subsequent reduction with NaBH₄ gives compounds of formula (XX), potentially in a mixture with regioisomer (XXI) as a side-product (Scheme 6).

^(XVIII) ( X) (xx) (XXI)

Scheme 6

wherein R² and A are as defined above, and Hal is halogen.

Compounds of formula (V) where R is halogen, such as bromine, chlorine or iodine can be prepared by reacting the appropriate alkyl magnesium halide Grignard with Dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate (scheme7) by methods well known in the art and described in literature (Organic Letters, 2005, vol 7, 4, p. 605). - -

(XXXVII) (XXXVIII) (XXXIX) (V)

Scheme 7

Compound (VII) may be halogenated (i), alkylated (ii), acylated (iii), sulfonylated (iv) or alkoxyacylated (v), under standard conditions to access other compounds having different values of R³ (Scheme 8)

(XLV)

(XLVII)

Scheme 8 wherein R and R² are as defined above, A is an optionally substituted isoxazole ring, Hal is halogen as defined above, R ⁷ is selected from Ci-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl; R ⁸ is selected from H and C1-C5 alkyl, R ⁹ is selected from Ci-C₆ alkyl and C₆-Ci₀ aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, and C1-C3 alkoxy and R²⁰ is selected from C1-C5 alkyl. - -

Suitable conditions for effecting transformations i to v will be known to those skilled in the art, and are set out for example in J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th ed. Wiley, New York, 1992, and references cited therein. Amino isoxazolines (XXX) can be derived from aldehydes or ketones, via Horner-

Wadsworth-Emmons or Wittig condensation, followed by reaction with N-hydroxy urea. (Scheme 9). These transformations are known in the literature and described, e.g. in Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2003, H, (18), 4093; Bull. Chim. Soc. France, 1973, 1138.

The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can be used as herbicides in unmodified form, as obtained in the synthesis, but they are generally formulated into herbicidal compositions in various ways using formulation adjuvants, such as carriers, solvents and surface- active substances. Therefore, the invention also relates to a herbicidal composition which comprises a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I) in addition to formulation adjuvants. The formulations can be in various physical forms, e.g. in the form of dusting powders, gels, wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, water-dispersible tablets, effervescent pellets, emulsifiable concentrates, microemulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, oil- flowables, aqueous dispersions, oily dispersions, suspo-emulsions, capsule suspensions, emulsifiable granules, soluble liquids, water-soluble concentrates (with water or a water-miscible organic solvent as carrier), impregnated polymer films or in other forms known e.g. from the Manual on Development and Use of FAO Specifications for Plant Protection Products, 5th Edition, 1999. Such formulations can either be used directly or they are diluted prior to use. The dilutions can be made, for example, with water, liquid fertilizers, micronutrients, biological organisms, oil or solvents.

The formulations can be prepared e.g. by mixing the active ingredient with the formulation adjuvants in order to obtain compositions in the form of finely divided solids, granules, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. The active ingredients can also be formulated with other adjuvants, such as finely divided solids, mineral oils, oils of vegetable or animal origin, modified oils of vegetable or animal origin, organic solvents, water, surface-active substances or combinations thereof. The active ingredients can also be contained in very fine microcapsules consisting of a polymer. Microcapsules contain the active ingredients in a porous carrier. This enables the active ingredients to be released into the environment in controlled amounts (e.g. slow-release). - -

Microcapsules usually have a diameter of from 0.1 to 500 microns. They contain active ingredients in an amount of about from 25 to 95 % by weight of the capsule weight. The active ingredients can be in the form of a monolithic solid, in the form of fine particles in solid or liquid dispersion or in the form of a suitable solution. The encapsulating membranes comprise, for example, natural or synthetic rubbers, cellulose, styrene/butadiene copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethane or chemically modified polymers and starch xanthates or other polymers that are known to the person skilled in the art in this connection. Alternatively, very fine microcapsules can be formed in which the active ingredient is contained in the form of finely divided particles in a solid matrix of base substance, but the microcapsules are not themselves encapsulated.

The formulation adjuvants that are suitable for the preparation of the compositions according to the invention are known per se. As liquid carriers there may be used: water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oils, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydrides, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butylene carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl esters of acetic acid, diacetone alcohol, 1 ,2- dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N- dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1 ,4-dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diproxitol, alkylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene carbonate, 1 ,1 , 1-trichloroethane, 2-heptanone, alpha-pinene, d-limonene, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, gamma-butyrolactone, glycerol, glycerol acetate, glycerol diacetate, glycerol triacetate, hexadecane, hexylene glycol, isoamyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, isooctane, isophorone, isopropylbenzene, isopropyl myristate, lactic acid, laurylamine, mesityl oxide, methoxypropanol, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl oleate, methylene chloride, m-xylene, n-hexane, n-octylamine, octadecanoic acid, octylamine acetate, oleic acid, oleylamine, o-xylene, phenol, polyethylene glycol (PEG400), propionic acid, propyl lactate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, p-xylene, toluene, triethyl phosphate, triethylene glycol, xylenesulfonic acid, paraffin, mineral oil, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and alcohols of higher molecular weight, such as amyl alcohol, tetrahydro- furfuryl alcohol, hexanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, N-methyl-2- pyrrolidone and the like. Water is generally the carrier of choice for diluting the concentrates. Suitable solid carriers are, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed husks, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and similar substances, as described, for example, in CFR 180.1001. (c) & (d).

A large number of surface-active substances can advantageously be used in both solid and liquid formulations, especially in those formulations which can be diluted with a carrier prior - - to use. Surface-active substances may be anionic, cationic, non-ionic or polymeric and they can be used as emulsifiers, wetting agents or suspending agents or for other purposes. Typical surface-active substances include, for example, salts of alkyl sulfates, such as

diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate; salts of alkylarylsulfonates, such as calcium dodecyl- benzenesulfonate; alkylphenol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate; alcohol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; soaps, such as sodium stearate; salts of alkylnaphthalenesulfonat.es, such as sodium

dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2- ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and salts of mono- and di-alkylphosphate esters; and also further substances described e.g. in "McCutcheon's

Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual" MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood New Jersey, 1981.

Further adjuvants that can usually be used in pesticidal formulations include crystallization inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, dyes, anti-oxidants, foaming agents, light absorbers, mixing auxiliaries, antifoams, complexing agents, neutralizing or pH-modifying substances and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances, wetting agents, take-up enhancers, micronutrients, plasticisers, glidants, lubricants, dispersants, thickeners, antifreezes, microbicides, and also liquid and solid fertilizers. The compositions according to the invention can additionally include an additive comprising an oil of vegetable or animal origin, a mineral oil, alkyl esters of such oils or mixtures of such oils and oil derivatives. The amount of oil additive in the composition according to the invention is generally from 0.01 to 10 %, based on the spray mixture. For example, the oil additive can be added to the spray tank in the desired concentration after the spray mixture has been prepared. Preferred oil additives comprise mineral oils or an oil of vegetable origin, for example rapeseed oil, olive oil or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oil, such as AMIGO® (Rhone-Poulenc Canada Inc.), alkyl esters of oils of vegetable origin, for example the methyl derivatives, or an oil of animal origin, such as fish oil or beef tallow. A preferred additive contains, for example, as active components essentially 80 % by weight alkyl esters of fish oils and 15 % by weight methylated rapeseed oil, and also 5 % by weight of customary emulsifiers and pH modifiers. Especially preferred oil additives comprise alkyl esters of C₈-C₂2 fatty acids, especially the methyl derivatives of Ci₂-Ci₈ fatty acids, for example the methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid, being of importance. Those esters are known as methyl laurate (CAS-1 1 1- 82-0), methyl palmitate (CAS-1 12-39-0) and methyl oleate (CAS-1 12-62-9). A preferred fatty acid methyl ester derivative is Emery® 2230 and 2231 (Cognis GmbH). Those and other oil derivatives are also known from the Compendium of Herbicide Adjuvants, 5th Edition, Southern Illinois University, 2000.

The application and action of the oil additives can be further improved by combination with surface-active substances, such as non-ionic, anionic or cationic surfactants. Examples of - - suitable anionic, non-ionic and cationic surfactants are listed on pages 7 and 8 of WO 97/34485. Preferred surface-active substances are anionic surfactants of the dodecylbenzylsulfonate type, especially the calcium salts thereof, and also non-ionic surfactants of the fatty alcohol ethoxylate type. Special preference is given to ethoxylated C12-C22 fatty alcohols having a degree of ethoxylation of from 5 to 40. Examples of commercially available surfactants are the Genapol types (Clariant AG). Also preferred are silicone surfactants, especially polyalkyl-oxide-modified heptamethyltriloxanes which are commercially available e.g. as Silwet L-77®, and also perfluorinated surfactants. The concentration of the surface-active substances in relation to the total additive is generally from 1 to 30 % by weight. Examples of oil additives consisting of mixtures of oil or mineral oils or derivatives thereof with surfactants are Edenor ME SU®, Turbocharge® (Syngenta AG, CH) or ActipronC (BP Oil UK Limited, GB).

If desired, it is also possible for the mentioned surface-active substances to be used in the formulations on their own, that is to say, without oil additives.

Furthermore, the addition of an organic solvent to the oil additive/surfactant mixture may contribute to an additional enhancement of action. Suitable solvents are, for example, Solvesso® (ESSO) or Aromatic Solvent® (Exxon Corporation). The concentration of such solvents can be from 10 to 80 % by weight of the total weight. Oil additives that are present in admixture with solvents are described, for example, in US-A-4,834,908. A commercially available oil additive disclosed therein is known by the name MERGE® (BASF Corporation). A further oil additive that is preferred according to the invention is SCORE® (Syngenta Crop Protection Canada).

In addition to the oil additives listed above, for the purpose of enhancing the action of the compositions according to the invention it is also possible for formulations of alkylpyrrolidones (e.g. Agrimax®) to be added to the spray mixture. Formulations of synthetic lattices, e.g.

polyacrylamide, polyvinyl compounds or poly-1-p-menthene (e.g. Bond®, Courier® or Emerald®) may also be used. It is also possible for solutions that contain propionic acid, for example Eurogkem Pen-e-trate®, to be added to the spray mixture as action-enhancing agent.

The herbicidal compositions generally comprise from 0.1 to 99 % by weight, especially from 0.1 to 95 % by weight, compounds of formula (I) and from 1 to 99.9 % by weight of a formulation adjuvant which preferably includes from 0 to 25 % by weight of a surface-active substance. Whereas commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally employ dilute formulations.

The rates of application of compounds of formula (I) may vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method of application (pre- or post-emergence; seed dressing; application to the seed furrow; no tillage application etc.), the crop plant, the grass or weed to be controlled, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop. The compounds of formula (I) - - according to the invention are generally applied at a rate of from 10 to 2000 g/ha, especially from 50 to 1000 g/ha.

Preferred formulations have especially the following compositions (% = percent by weight):

Emulsifiable concentrates:

active ingredient: 1 to 95 %, preferably 60 to 90 %

surface-active agent: 1 to 30 %, preferably 5 to 20 %

liquid carrier: 1 to 80 %, preferably 1 to 35 %

Dusts:

active ingredient: 0.1 to 10 %, preferably 0.1 to 5 %

solid carrier: 99.9 to 90 %, preferably 99.9 to 99 %

Suspension concentrates:

active ingredient: 5 to 75 %, preferably 10 to 50 %

water: 94 to 24 %, preferably 88 to 30 %

surface-active agent: 1 to 40 %, preferably 2 to 30 %

Wettable powders:

active ingredient: 0.5 to 90 %, preferably 1 to 80 %

surface-active agent: 0.5 to 20 %, preferably 1 to 15 %

solid carrier: 5 to 95 %, preferably 15 to 90 %

Granules:

active ingredient: 0.1 to 30 %, preferably 0.1 to 15 %

solid carrier: 99.5 to 70 %, preferably 97 to 85 %

The following Examples further illustrate, but do not limit, the invention. Formulation Examples for herbicides of formula (I) (% = % by weight)

F1. Emulsifiable concentrates a) b) c) d) active ingredient 5 % 10 % 25 % 50 % calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 6 % 8 % 6 % 8 % castor oil polyglycol ether 4 % 4 % 4 %

(36 mol of ethylene oxide)

octylphenol polyglycol ether 4 % 2 % (7-8 mol of ethylene oxide)

Emulsions of any desired concentration can be obtained from such concentrates by dilution with water. - -

F2. Solutions

active ingredient

1 -methoxy-3-(3-methoxy- propoxy)-propane 20 % 20 %

polyethylene glycol MW 400 20 % 10 %

NMP 30 % 10 % arom. hydrocarbon mixture 75 % 60 %

The solutions are suitable for use in the form of microdrops.

F3. Wettable powders a) b) c) d) active ingredient 5 % 25 % 50 % 80 % sodium lignosulfonate 4 % 3 %

sodium lauryl sulfate 2 % 3 % 4 % sodium diisobutylnaphthalene- sulfonate 6 % 5 % 6 % octylphenol polyglycol ether 1 % 2 %

(7-8 mol of ethylene oxide)

highly dispersed silicic acid 3 % 5 % 10 % kaolin

62 % 35 %

The active ingredient is mixed thoroughly with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders which can be diluted with water to give suspensions of any desired concentration.

F4. Coated granules a) b) c)

active ingredient 0.1 % 5 % 15 %

highly dispersed silicic acid 0.9 % 2 % 2 %

inorganic carrier 99.0 % 93 % 83 %

(diameter 0.1 - 1 mm)

e.g. CaC0₃ or Si0₂

The active ingredient is dissolved in methylene chloride and applied to the carrier by spraying, and the solvent is then evaporated off in vacuo.

F5. Coated granules a) b) c)

active ingredient 0.1 % 5 % 15 % polyethylene glycol MW 200 1.0 % 2 % 3 %

highly dispersed silicic acid 0.9 % 1 % 2 %

inorganic carrier 98.0 % 92 % 80 %

(diameter 0.1 - 1 mm)

e.g. CaC0₃ or Si0₂ - -

The finely ground active ingredient is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the carrier moistened with polyethylene glycol. Non-dusty coated granules are obtained in this manner.

F6. Extruder granules a) b) c) d) active ingredient 0.1 % 3 % 5 % 15 % sodium lignosulfonate 1.5 % 2 % 3 % 4 % carboxymethylcellulose 1.4 % 2 % 2 % 2 % kaolin 97.0 % 93 % 90 % 79 %

The active ingredient is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water. The mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air.

F7. Dusts a) b) c)

active ingredient 0.1 % 1 % 5 %

talcum 39.9 % 49 % 35 %

kaolin 60.0 % 50 % 60 %

Ready-to-use dusts are obtained by mixing the active ingredient with the carriers and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill.

F8. Suspension concentrates a) b) c) d) active ingredient 3 % 10 % 25 % 50 % ethylene glycol 5 % 5 % 5 % 5 % nonylphenol polyglycol ether 1 % 2 %

(15 mol of ethylene oxide)

sodium lignosulfonate 3 % 3 % 4 % 5 % carboxymethylcellulose 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 37 % aqueous formaldehyde 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.2 % solution

silicone oil emulsion 0.8 % 0.8 % 0.8 % 0.8 % water 87 % 79 % 62 % 38 %

The finely ground active ingredient is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired concentration can be obtained by dilution with water.

The invention also provides a method of controlling plants which comprises applying to the plants or to the locus thereof a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I).

The invention also provides a method of inhibiting plant growth which comprises applying to the plants or to the locus thereof a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I). - -

The invention also provides a method of controlling weeds in crops of useful plants, comprising applying to said weeds or to the locus of said weeds, or to said useful plants or to the locus of said useful plants, a compound or a composition of the invention.

The invention also provides a method of selectively controlling grasses and/or weeds in crops of useful plants which comprises applying to the useful plants or locus thereof or to the area of cultivation a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I).

The term "herbicide" as used herein means a compound that controls or modifies the growth of plants. The term "herbicidally effective amount" means the quantity of such a compound or combination of such compounds that is capable of producing a controlling or modifying effect on the growth of plants. Controlling or modifying effects include all deviation from natural development, for example: killing, retardation, leaf burn, albinism, dwarfing and the like. The term "plants" refers to all physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits. The term "locus" is intended to include soil, seeds, and seedlings, as well as established vegetation and includes not only areas where weeds may already be growing, but also areas where weeds have yet to emerge, and also to areas under cultivation with respect to crops of useful plants. "Areas under cultivation" include land on which the crop plants are already growing and land intended for cultivation with such crop plants. The term "weeds" as used herein means any undesired plant, and thus includes not only

agronomically important weeds as described below, but also volunteer crop plants. The compounds of the invention can be applied before or after planting of the crops, before weeds emerge (pre-emergence application) or after weeds emerge (post-emergence application), and are particularly effective when applied post-emergence to the weeds.

Crops of useful plants in which the composition according to the invention can be used include, but are not limited to, perennial crops, such as citrus fruit, grapevines, nuts, oil palms, olives, pome fruit, stone fruit and rubber, and annual arable crops, such as cereals, for example barley and wheat, cotton, oilseed rape, maize, rice, soy beans, sugar beet, sugar cane, sunflowers, ornamentals, switchgrass, turf and vegetables, especially cereals, maize and soy beans.

The grasses and weeds to be controlled may be both monocotyledonous species, for example Agrostis, Alopecurus, Avena, Brachiaria, Bromus, Cenchrus, Cyperus, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Eriochloa, Lolium, Monochoria, Panicum, Poa, Rottboellia, Sagittaria, Scirpus, Setaria, Sida and Sorghum, and dicotyledonous species, for example Abutilon, Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Chrysanthemum, Euphorbia, Galium, Ipomoea, Kochia, Nasturtium, Polygonum, Sida, Sinapis, Solanum, Stellaria, Veronica, Viola and Xanthium. In all aspects of the invention, in a particular embodiment, the weeds, e.g. to be controlled and/or growth-inhibited may be monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous weeds, which are tolerant or resistant to one or more other herbicides for example, HPPD inhibitor herbicides such as - - mesotrione, PSII inhibitor herbicides such as atrazine or EPSPS inhibitors such as glyphosate. Such weeds include, but are not limited to resistant Amaranthus biotypes.

Crops are to be understood as also including those crops which have been rendered tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides (e.g. auxins or ALS-, EPSPS-, PPO- and HPPD- inhibitors) by conventional methods of breeding or by genetic engineering. An example of a crop that has been rendered tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g. imazamox, by conventional methods of breeding is Clearfield® summer rape (canola). Examples of crops that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by genetic engineering methods include e.g. glyphosate- and glufosinate- resistant maize varieties commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady® and LibertyLink®, respectively.

Crops are also to be understood as being those which have been rendered resistant to harmful insects by genetic engineering methods, for example Bt maize (resistant to European corn borer), Bt cotton (resistant to cotton boll weevil) and also Bt potatoes (resistant to Colorado beetle). Examples of Bt maize are the Bt 176 maize hybrids of NK® (Syngenta Seeds). The Bt toxin is a protein that is formed naturally by Bacillus thuringiensis soil bacteria. Examples of toxins, or transgenic plants able to synthesize such toxins, are described in EP-A-451 878, EP-A- 374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, WO 03/052073 and EP-A-427 529. Examples of transgenic plants comprising one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are KnockOut® (maize), Yield Gard® (maize), NuCOTIN33B® (cotton), Bollgard® (cotton), NewLeaf® (potatoes), NatureGard® and Protexcta®. Plant crops or seed material thereof can be both resistant to herbicides and, at the same time, resistant to insect feeding ("stacked" transgenic events). For example, seed can have the ability to express an insecticidal Cry3 protein while at the same time being tolerant to glyphosate.

Crops are also to be understood as being those which are obtained by conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering and contain so-called output traits (e.g. improved storage stability, higher nutritional value and improved flavor).

Any method of application to weeds/crop of useful plant, or locus thereof, which is routinely used in agriculture may be used, for example application by spray or broadcast method typically after suitable dilution of a compound of formula (I) (whether said compound is formulated and/or in combination with one or more further active ingredients and/or safeners, as described herein).

The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can also be used in combination with other active ingredients, e.g. other herbicides, and/or insecticides, and/or acaricides, and/or nematocides, and/or molluscicides, and/or fungicides, and/or plant growth regulators. Such mixtures, and the use of such mixtures to control weeds and/or undesired plant growth, form yet further aspects of the invention. For the avoidance of doubt, mixtures of invention also include mixtures of two or more different compounds of formula (I). In particular, the present invention also relates to a composition of the invention which comprises at least one further herbicide in addition to the compound of formula (I). - -

When a compound of formula (I) is combined with at least one additional herbicide, the following mixtures of the compound of formula (I) are preferred. Compound of formula (I) + acetochlor, compound of formula (I) + acifluorfen, compound of formula (I) + acifluorfen-sodium, compound of formula (I) + aclonifen, compound of formula (I) + acrolein, compound of formula (I) + alachlor, compound of formula (I) + alloxydim, compound of formula (I) + allyl alcohol, compound of formula (I) + ametryn, compound of formula (I) + amicarbazone, compound of formula (I) + amidosulfuron, compound of formula (I) + aminocyclopyrachlor, compound of formula (I) + aminopyralid, compound of formula (I) + amitrole, compound of formula (I) + ammonium sulfamate, compound of formula (I) + anilofos, compound of formula (I) + asulam, compound of formula (I) + atrazine, formula (I) + aviglycine, formula (I) + azafenidin, compound of formula (I) + azimsulfuron, compound of formula (I) + BCPC, compound of formula (I) + beflubutamid, compound of formula (I) + benazolin, formula (I) + bencarbazone, compound of formula (I) + benfluralin, compound of formula (I) + benfuresate, compound of formula (I) + bensulfuron, compound of formula (I) + bensulfuron-methyl, compound of formula (I) + bensulide, compound of formula (I) + bentazone, compound of formula (I) + benzfendizone, compound of formula (I) + benzobicyclon, compound of formula (I) + benzofenap, compound of formula (I) + bicyclopyrone, compound of formula (I) + bifenox, compound of formula (I) + bilanafos, compound of formula (I) + bispyribac, compound of formula (I) + bispyribac-sodium, compound of formula (I) + borax, compound of formula (I) + bromacil, compound of formula (I) + bromobutide, formula (I) + bromophenoxim, compound of formula (I) + bromoxynil, compound of formula (I) + butachlor, compound of formula (I) + butafenacil, compound of formula (I) + butamifos, compound of formula (I) + butralin, compound of formula (I) + butroxydim, compound of formula (I) + butylate, compound of formula (I) + cacodylic acid, compound of formula (I) + calcium chlorate, compound of formula (I) + cafenstrole, compound of formula (I) + carbetamide, compound of formula (I) + carfentrazone, compound of formula (I) + carfentrazone-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + CDEA, compound of formula (I) + CEPC, compound of formula (I) + chlorflurenol, compound of formula (I) + chlorflurenol-methyl, compound of formula (I) + chloridazon, compound of formula (I) + chlorimuron, compound of formula (I) + chlorimuron-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + chloroacetic acid, compound of formula (I) + chlorotoluron, compound of formula (I) + chlorpropham, compound of formula (I) + chlorsulfuron, compound of formula (I) + chlorthal, compound of formula (I) + chlorthal-dimethyl, compound of formula (I) + cinidon-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + cinmethylin, compound of formula (I) + cinosulfuron, compound of formula (I) + cisanilide, compound of formula (I) + clethodim, compound of formula (I) + clodinafop, compound of formula (I) + clodinafop-propargyl, compound of formula (I) + clomazone, compound of formula (I) + clomeprop, compound of formula (I) + clopyralid, compound of formula (I) + cloransulam, compound of formula (I) + cloransulam-methyl, compound of formula (I) + CMA, compound of formula (I) + 4-CPB, compound of formula (I) + CPMF, compound of formula (I) + 4-CPP, compound of formula (I) + CPPC, compound of formula (I) + cresol, compound of formula (I) + cumyluron, compound of formula (I) + cyanamide, compound of formula (I) + cyanazine, compound of formula (I) + cycloate, compound of formula (I) + cyclosulfamuron, compound of formula (I) + cycloxydim, compound of formula (I) + - - cyhalofop, compound of formula (I) + cyhalofop-butyl, compound of formula (I) + 2,4-D, compound of formula (I) + 3,4-DA, compound of formula (I) + daimuron, compound of formula (I) + dalapon, compound of formula (I) + dazomet, compound of formula (I) + 2,4-DB, compound of formula (I) + 3,4-DB, compound of formula (I) + 2,4-DEB, compound of formula (I) +

desmedipham, formula (I) + desmetryn, compound of formula (I) + dicamba, compound of formula (I) + dichlobenil, compound of formula (I) + ortho-dichlorobenzene, compound of formula (I) + para-dichlorobenzene, compound of formula (I) + dichlorprop, compound of formula (I) + dichlorprop-P, compound of formula (I) + diclofop, compound of formula (I) + diclofop-methyl, compound of formula (I) + diclosulam, compound of formula (I) + difenzoquat, compound of formula (I) + difenzoquat metilsulfate, compound of formula (I) + diflufenican, compound of formula (I) + diflufenzopyr, compound of formula (I) + dimefuron, compound of formula (I) + dimepiperate, compound of formula (I) + dimethachlor, compound of formula (I) + dimethametryn, compound of formula (I) + dimethenamid, compound of formula (I) + dimethenamid-P, compound of formula (I) + dimethipin, compound of formula (I) + dimethylarsinic acid, compound of formula (I) + dinitramine, compound of formula (I) + dinoterb, compound of formula (I) + diphenamid, formula (I) + dipropetryn, compound of formula (I) + diquat, compound of formula (I) + diquat dibromide, compound of formula (I) + dithiopyr, compound of formula (I) + diuron, compound of formula (I) + DNOC, compound of formula (I) + 3,4-DP, compound of formula (I) + DSMA, compound of formula (I) + EBEP, compound of formula (I) + endothal, compound of formula (I) + EPTC, compound of formula (I) + esprocarb, compound of formula (I) + ethalfluralin, compound of formula (I) + ethametsulfuron, compound of formula (I) + ethametsulfuron-methyl, formula (I) + ethephon, compound of formula (I) + ethofumesate, compound of formula (I) + ethoxyfen, compound of formula (I) + ethoxysulfuron, compound of formula (I) + etobenzanid, compound of formual (I) + fenoxaprop, compound of formula (I) + fenoxaprop-P, compound of formula (I) + fenoxaprop-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + fentrazamide, compound of formula (I) + ferrous sulfate, compound of formula (I) + flamprop-M, compound of formula (I) + flazasulfuron, compound of formula (I) + florasulam, compound of formula (I) + fluazifop, compound of formula (I) + fluazifop-butyl, compound of formula (I) + fluazifop-P, compound of formula (I) + fluazifop-P-butyl, formula (I) + fluazolate, compound of formula (I) + flucarbazone, compound of formula (I) + flucarbazone-sodium, compound of formula (I) + flucetosulfuron, compound of formula (I) + fluchloralin, compound of formula (I) + flufenacet, compound of formula (I) + flufenpyr, compound of formula (I) + flufenpyr-ethyl, formula (I) + flumetralin, compound of formula (I) + flumetsulam, compound of formula (I) + flumiclorac, compound of formula (I) + flumiclorac-pentyl, compound of formula (I) + flumioxazin, formula (I) + flumipropin, compound of formula (I) + fluometuron, compound of formula (I) + fluoroglycofen, compound of formula (I) + fluoroglycofen-ethyl, formula (I) + fluoxaprop, formula (I) + flupoxam, formula (I) + flupropacil, compound of formula (I) + flupropanate, compound of formula (I) + flupyrsulfuron, compound of formula (I) + flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, compound of formula (I) + flurenol, compound of formula (I) + fluridone, compound of formula (I) + flurochloridone, compound of formula (I) + fluroxypyr, compound of formula (I) + flurtamone, compound of formula (I) + fluthiacet, compound of formula (I) + fluthiacet-m ethyl, compound of formula (I) + fomesafen, - - compound of formula (I) + foramsulfuron, compound of formula (I) + fosamine, compound of formula (I) + glufosinate, compound of formula (I) + glufosinate-ammonium, compound of formula (I) + glyphosate, compound of formula (I) + halauxifen, compound of formula (I) + halauxifen- methyl, compound of formula (I) + halosulfuron, compound of formula (I) + halosulfuron-methyl, compound of formula (I) + haloxyfop, compound of formula (I) + haloxyfop-P, compound of formula (I) + HC-252, compound of formula (I) + hexazinone, compound of formula (I) + imazamethabenz, compound of formula (I) + imazamethabenz-methyl, compound of formula (I) + imazamox, compound of formula (I) + imazapic, compound of formula (I) + imazapyr, compound of formula (I) + imazaquin, compound of formula (I) + imazethapyr, compound of formula (I) + imazosulfuron, compound of formula (I) + indanofan, compound of formula (I) and indaziflam, compound of formula (I) + iodomethane, compound of formula (I) + iodosulfuron, compound of formula (I) + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, compound of formula (I) + ioxynil, compound of formula (I) and ipfencarbazone, compound of formula (I) + isoproturon, compound of formula (I) + isouron, compound of formula (I) + isoxaben, compound of formula (I) + isoxachlortole, compound of formula (I) + isoxaflutole, formula (I) + isoxapyrifop, compound of formula (I) + karbutilate, compound of formula (I) + lactofen, compound of formula (I) + lenacil, compound of formula (I) + linuron, compound of formula (I) + MAA, compound of formula (I) + MAMA, compound of formula (I) + MCPA, compound of formula (I) + MCPA-thioethyl, compound of formula (I) + MCPB, compound of formula (I) + mecoprop, compound of formula (I) + mecoprop- P, compound of formula (I) + mefenacet, compound of formula (I) + mefluidide, compound of formula (I) + mesosulfuron, compound of formula (I) + mesosulfuron-methyl, compound of formula (I) + mesotrione, compound of formula (I) + metam, compound of formula (I) + metamifop, compound of formula (I) + metamitron, compound of formula (I) + metazachlor, compound of formula (I) and metazosulfuron, compound of formula (I) + methabenzthiazuron, formula (I) + methazole, a compound of formula (I) and methiozolin, compound of formula (I) + methylarsonic acid, compound of formula (I) + methyldymron, compound of formula (I) + methyl isothiocyanate, compound of formula (I) + metobenzuron, formula (I) + metobromuron, compound of formula (I) + metolachlor, compound of formula (I) + S-metolachlor, compound of formula (I) + metosulam, compound of formula (I) + metoxuron, compound of formula (I) + metribuzin, compound of formula (I) + metsulfuron, compound of formula (I) + metsulfuron-methyl, compound of formula (I) + MK-616, compound of formula (I) + molinate, compound of formula (I) + monolinuron, a compound of formula (I) and monosulfuron, a compound of formula (I) and monosulfuron-ester compound of formula (I) + MSMA, compound of formula (I) + naproanilide, compound of formula (I) + napropamide, compound of formula (I) + naptalam, formula (I) + NDA- 402989, compound of formula (I) + neburon, compound of formula (I) + nicosulfuron, formula (I) + nipyraclofen, formula (I) + n-methyl glyphosate, compound of formula (I) + nonanoic acid, compound of formula (I) + norflurazon, compound of formula (I) + oleic acid (fatty acids), compound of formula (I) + orbencarb, compound of formula (I) + orthosulfamuron, compound of formula (I) + oryzalin, compound of formula (I) + oxadiargyl, compound of formula (I) + oxadiazon, compound of formula (I) + oxasulfuron, compound of formula (I) + oxaziclomefone, compound of formula (I) + oxyfluorfen, compound of formula (I) + paraquat, compound of formula - -

(I) + paraquat dichloride, compound of formula (I) + pebulate, compound of formula (I) + pendimethalin, compound of formula (I) + penoxsulam, compound of formula (I) +

pentachlorophenol, compound of formula (I) + pentanochlor, compound of formula (I) + pentoxazone, compound of formula (I) + pethoxamid, compound of formula (I) + petrolium oils, compound of formula (I) + phenmedipham, compound of formula (I) + phenmedipham-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + picloram, compound of formula (I) + picolinafen, compound of formula (I) + pinoxaden, compound of formula (I) + piperophos, compound of formula (I) + potassium arsenite, compound of formula (I) + potassium azide, compound of formula (I) + pretilachlor, compound of formula (I) + primisulfuron, compound of formula (I) + primisulfuron-methyl, compound of formula (I) + prodiamine, compound of formula (I) + profluazol, compound of formula (I) + profoxydim, formula (I) + prohexadione-calcium, compound of formula (I) + prometon, compound of formula (I) + prometryn, compound of formula (I) + propachlor, compound of formula (I) + propanil, compound of formula (I) + propaquizafop, compound of formula (I) + propazine, compound of formula (I) + propham, compound of formula (I) + propisochlor, compound of formula (I) + propoxycarbazone, compound of formula (I) + propoxycarbazone-sodium, compound of formula (I) + propyzamide, compound of formula (I) + prosulfocarb, compound of formula (I) + prosulfuron, compound of formula (I) + pyraclonil, compound of formula (I) + pyraflufen, compound of formula (I) + pyraflufen-ethyl, formula (I) + pyrasulfotole, compound of formula (I) + pyrazolynate, compound of formula (I) + pyrazosulfuron, compound of formula (I) + pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + pyrazoxyfen, compound of formula (I) + pyribenzoxim, compound of formula (I) + pyributicarb, compound of formula (I) + pyridafol, compound of formula (I) + pyridate, compound of formula (I) + pyriftalid, compound of formula (I) + pyriminobac, compound of formula (I) + pyriminobac-methyl, compound of formula (I) + pyrimisulfan, compound of formula (I) + pyrithiobac, compound of formula (I) + pyrithiobac-sodium, formula (I) + pyroxasulfone, formula (I) + pyroxulam, compound of formula (I) + quinclorac, compound of formula (I) + quinmerac, compound of formula (I) + quinoclamine, compound of formula (I) + quizalofop, compound of formula (I) + quizalofop-P, compound of formula (I) + quizalofop-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + quizalofop-P-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + rimsulfuron, compound of formula (I) + saflufenacil, compound of formula (I) + sethoxydim, compound of formula (I) + siduron, compound of formula (I) + simazine, compound of formula (I) + simetryn, compound of formula (I) + SMA, compound of formula (I) + sodium arsenite, compound of formula (I) + sodium azide, compound of formula (I) + sodium chlorate, compound of formula (I) + sulcotrione, compound of formula (I) + sulfentrazone, compound of formula (I) + sulfometuron, compound of formula (I) + sulfometuron-methyl, compound of formula (I) + sulfosate, compound of formula (I) + sulfosulfuron, compound of formula (I) + sulfuric acid, compound of formula (I) + tar oils, compound of formula (I) + 2,3,6- TBA, compound of formula (I) + TCA, compound of formula (I) + TCA-sodium, formula (I) + tebutam, compound of formula (I) + tebuthiuron, formula (I) + tefuryltrione, compound of formula 1 + tembotrione, compound of formula (I) + tepraloxydim, compound of formula (I) + terbacil, compound of formula (I) + terbumeton, compound of formula (I) + terbuthylazine, compound of formula (I) + terbutryn, compound of formula (I) + thenylchlor, compound of formula (I) + thiazafluron, compound of formula (I) + thiazopyr, compound of formula (I) + thifensulfuron, compound of formula (I) + thiencarbazone, compound of formula (I) + thifensulfuron-methyl, compound of formula (I) + thiobencarb, compound of formula (I) + tiocarbazil, compound of formula (I) + topramezone, compound of formula (I) + tralkoxydim, a compound of formula (I) and triafamone compound of formula (I) + tri-allate, compound of formula (I) + triasulfuron, compound of formula (I) + triaziflam, compound of formula (I) + tribenuron, compound of formula (I) + tribenuron-methyl, compound of formula (I) + tricamba, compound of formula (I) + triclopyr, compound of formula (I) + trietazine, compound of formula (I) + trifloxysulfuron, compound of formula (I) + trifloxysulfuron-sodium, compound of formula (I) + trifluralin, compound of formula (I) + triflusulfuron, compound of formula (I) + triflusulfuron-methyl, compound of formula (I) + trifop, compound of formula (I) + trifop-methyl, compound of formula (I) + trihydroxytriazine, compound of formula (I) + trinexapac-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + tritosulfuron, compound of formula (I) + [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3- yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetic acid ethyl ester (CAS RN 353292-31-6), compound of formula (I) + 2-[[8-chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2-quinoxalinyl]carbonyl-1 ,3- cyclohexanedione and the compound of formula (I) + VX-573.

In particular, the following mixtures are important: mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with an acetanilide (e.g. compound of formula (I) + acetochlor, compound of formula (I) + dimethenamid, compound of formula (I) + metolachlor, compound of formula (I) + S-metolachlor, or compound of formula (I) + pretilachlor) or with other inhibitors of very long chain fatty acid esterases (VLCFAE) (e.g. compound of formula (I) + pyroxasulfone); mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with an HPPD inhibitor (e.g. compound of formula (I) + isoxaflutole, compound of formula (I) + mesotrione, compound of formula (I) + pyrasulfotole, compound of formula (I) + sulcotrione, compound of formula (I) + tembotrione, compound of formula (I) + topramezone, compound of formula (I) + bicyclopyrone; mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with a triazine (e.g. compound of formula (I) + atrazine, or compound of formula (I) + terbuthylazine); mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with glyphosate; mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with glufosinate-ammonium; mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with a PPO inhibitor (e.g. compound of formula (I) + acifluorfen-sodium, compound of formula (I) + butafenacil, compound of formula (I) +

carfentrazone-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + cinidon-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + flumioxazin, compound of formula (I) + fomesafen, compound of formula (I) + lactofen, or compound of formula (I) + SYN 523 ([3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetic acid ethyl ester) (CAS RN 353292- 31-6)). - -

Whilst two-way mixtures of a compound of formula (I) and another herbicide are explicitly disclosed above, the skilled man will appreciate that the invention extends to three-way, and further multiple combinations comprising the above two-way mixtures. In particular, the invention extends to: mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with a triazine and an HPPD inhibitor (e.g.

compound of formula (I) + triazine + isoxaflutole, compound of formula (I) + triazine + mesotrione, compound of formula (I) + triazine + pyrasulfotole, compound of formula (I) + triazine + sulcotrione, compound of formula (I) + triazine + tembotrione, compound of formula (I) + triazine + topramezone, compound of formula (I) + triazine + bicyclopyrone; mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with glyphosate and an HPPD inhibitor (e.g.

compound of formula (I) + glyphosate + isoxaflutole, compound of formula (I) + glyphosate + mesotrione, compound of formula (I) + glyphosate + pyrasulfotole, compound of formula (I) + glyphosate + sulcotrione, compound of formula (I) + glyphosate + tembotrione, compound of formula (I) + glyphosate + topramezone, compound of formula (I) + glyphosate + bicyclopyrone; mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with glufosinate-ammonium and an HPPD inhibitor

(e.g. compound of formula (I) + glufosinate-ammonium + isoxaflutole, compound of formula (I) + glufosinate-ammonium + mesotrione, compound of formula (I) + glufosinate-ammonium + pyrasulfotole, compound of formula (I) + glufosinate-ammonium + sulcotrione, compound of formula (I) + glufosinate-ammonium + tembotrione, compound of formula (I) + glufosinate- ammonium + topramezone, compound of formula (I) + glufosinate-ammonium + bicyclopyrone; mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with a VLCFAE inhibitor and an HPPD inhibitor (e.g. compound of formula (I) + S-metolachlor + isoxaflutole, compound of formula (I) + S-metolachlor + mesotrione, compound of formula (I) + S-metolachlor + pyrasulfotole, compound of formula (I) + S-metolachlor + sulcotrione, compound of formula (I) + S-metolachlor + tembotrione, compound of formula (I) + S-metolachlor + topramezone, compound of formula (I) + S- metolachlor + bicyclopyrone, compound of formula (I) + acetochlor + isoxaflutole, compound of formula (I) + acetochlor + mesotrione, compound of formula (I) + acetochlor + pyrasulfotole, compound of formula (I) + acetochlor + sulcotrione, compound of formula (I) + acetochlor + tembotrione, compound of formula (I) + acetochlor + topramezone, compound of formula (I) + acetochlor + bicyclopyrone, compound of formula (I) + pyroxasulfone + isoxaflutole, compound of formula (I) + pyroxasulfone + mesotrione, compound of formula (I) + pyroxasulfone +

pyrasulfotole, compound of formula (I) + pyroxasulfone + sulcotrione, compound of formula (I) + pyroxasulfone + tembotrione, compound of formula (I) + pyroxasulfone + topramezone, compound of formula (I) + pyroxasulfone + bicyclopyrone, compound of formula (I) + S- metolachlor + mesotrione + bicyclopyrone; mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with glyphosate and a VLCFAE inhibitor (e.g.

compound of formula (I) + glyphosate + S-metolachlor, compound of formula (I) + glyphosate + acetochlor, compound of formula (I) + glyphosate + pyroxasulfone). - -

Particularly preferred are mixtures of the compound of formula (I) with mesotrione, bicyclopyrone, isoxaflutole, tembotrione, topramezone, sulcotrione, pyrasulfotole, metolachlor, S- metolachlor, acetochlor, pyroxasulfone, P-dimethenamid, dimethenamid, flufenacet, pethoxamid, atrazine, terbuthylazine, bromoxynil, metribuzin, amicarbazone, bentazone, ametryn, hexazinone, diuron, tebuthiuron, glyphosate, paraquat, diquat, glufosinate, acifluorfen-sodium, butafenacil, carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumioxazin, fomesafen, lactofen, [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1- methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetic acid ethyl ester.

The mixing partners of the compound of formula (I) may also be in the form of esters or salts, as mentioned e.g. in The Pesticide Manual, 14th Edition (BCPC), 2006. The reference to acifluorfen-sodium also applies to acifluorfen, the reference to dimethenamid also applies to dimethenamid-P, the reference to glufosinate-ammonium also applies to glufosinate, the reference to bensulfuron-methyl also applies to bensulfuron, the reference to cloransu lam-methyl also applies to cloransulam, the reference to flamprop-M also applies to flamprop, and the reference to pyrithiobac-sodium also applies to pyrithiobac, etc.

The mixing ratio of the compound of formula (I) to the mixing partner is preferably from 1 : 100 to 1000: 1.

The mixtures can advantageously be used in the above-mentioned formulations (in which case "active ingredient" relates to the respective mixture of compound of formula (I) with the mixing partner).

The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can also be used in combination with one or more safeners. Likewise, mixtures of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention with one or more further active ingredients, in particular with one or more further herbicides, can also be used in combination with one or more safeners. The term "safener" as used herein means a chemical that when used in combination with a herbicide reduces the undesirable effects of the herbicide on non-target organisms, for example, a safener protects crops from injury by herbicides but does not prevent the herbicide from killing the weeds. Where a compound of formula (I) is combined with a safener, the following combinations of the compound of formula (I) and the safener are particularly preferred. Compound of formula (I) + AD 67 (MON 4660), compound of formula (I) + benoxacor, compound of formula (I) + cloquintocet- mexyl, compound of formula (I) + cyometrinil and a compound of formula (I) + the corresponding (Z) isomer of cyometrinil, compound of formula (I) + cyprosulfamide (CAS RN 221667-31-8), compound of formula (I) + dichlormid, compound of formula (I) and dicyclonon, compound of formula (I) and dietholate, compound of formula (I) + fenchlorazole-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + fenclorim, compound of formula (I) + flurazole, compound of formula (I) + fluxofenim, compound of formula (I) + furilazole and a compound of formula (I) + the corresponding R isomer or furilazome, compound of formula (I) + isoxad if en-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + mefenpyr- diethyl, compound of formula (I) and mephenate, compound of formula (I) + oxabetrinil, - - compound of formula (I) + naphthalic anhydride (CAS RN 81-84-5), compound of formula (I) and TI-35, compound of formula (I) + N-isopropyl-4-(2-methoxy-benzoylsulfamoyl)-benzamide (CAS RN 221668-34-4) and a compound of formula (I) + N-(2-methoxybenzoyl)-4- [(methylaminocarbonyl)amino]benzenesulfonamide. Particularly preferred are mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with benoxacor, a compound of formula (I) with cloquintocet-mexyl, a compound of formula (I) + cyprosulfamide and a compound of formula (I) with N-(2- methoxybenzoyl)-4-[(methylaminocarbonyl)amino]benzenesulfonamide.

The safeners of the compound of formula (I) may also be in the form of esters or salts, as mentioned e.g. in The Pesticide Manual, 14th Edition (BCPC), 2006. The reference to cloquintocet-mexyl also applies to cloquintocet and to a lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, ammonium, quaternary ammonium, sulfonium or phosphonium salt thereof as disclosed in WO02/34048 and the reference to fenchlorazole-ethyl also applies to fenchlorazole, etc.

Preferably the mixing ratio of compound of formula (I) to safener is from 100: 1 to 1 : 10, especially from 20: 1 to 1 : 1.

The mixtures can advantageously be used in the above-mentioned formulations (in which case "active ingredient" relates to the respective mixture of compound of formula (I) and any further active ingredient, in particular a further herbicide, with the safener).

It is possible that the safener and a compound of formula (I) and one or more additional herbicide(s), if any, are applied simultaneously. For example, the safener, a compound of formula (I) and one or more additional herbicide(s), if any, might be applied to the locus pre-emergence or might be applied to the crop post-emergence. It is also possible that the safener and a compound of formula (I) and one or more additional herbicide(s), if any, are applied sequentially. For example, the safener might be applied before sowing the seeds as a seed treatment and a compound of formula (I) and one or more additional herbicides, if any, might be applied to the locus pre-emergence or might be applied to the crop post-emergence.

Preferred mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with further herbicides and safeners include:

Mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with S-metolachlor and a safener, particularly benoxacor.

Mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with isoxaflutole and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with mesotrione and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with sulcotrione and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula (I) with tembotrione and a safener. Mixtures of a compound of formula with topramezone and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with bicyclopyrone and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with a triazine and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with a triazine and isoxaflutole and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with a triazine and mesotrione and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with a triazine and sulcotrione and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with a triazine and tembotrione and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with a triazine and topramezone and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with a triazine and bicyclopyrone and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with glyphosate and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with glyphosate and isoxaflutole and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with glyphosate and mesotrione and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with glyphosate and sulcotrione and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with glyphosate and tembotrione and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with glyphosate and topramezone and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with glyphosate and bicyclopyrone and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with glufosinate-ammonium and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with glufosinate-ammonium and isoxaflutole and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with glufosinate-ammonium and mesotrione and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with glufosinate-ammonium and sulcotrione and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with glufosinate-ammonium and tembotrione and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound of formula with glufosinate-ammonium and topramezone and a safener. Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h glufosinate-ammonium and bicyclopyrone and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h S-metolachlor and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h S-metolachlor and isoxaflutole and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h S-metolachlor and mesotrione and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h S-metolachlor and sulcotrione and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h S-metolachlor and tembotrione and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h S-metolachlor and topramezone and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h S-metolachlor and bicyclopyrone and a safener

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h pyroxasulfone and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h pyroxasulfone and isoxaflutole and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h pyroxasulfone and mesotrione and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h pyroxasulfone and sulcotrione and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h pyroxasulfone and tembotrione and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h pyroxasulfone and topramezone and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h pyroxasulfone and bicyclopyrone and a safener

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h acetochlor and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h acetochlor and isoxaflutole and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h acetochlor and mesotrione and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h acetochlor and sulcotrione and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h acetochlor and tembotrione and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h acetochlor and topramezone and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h acetochlor and bicyclopyrone and a safener.

Mixtures of a compound ol formula ( ) wit h S-metolachlor and mesotrione and

bicyclopyrone and a safener.

Mixtures ol a compound ol formula ( ) wit h S-metolachlor and a triazine and mesotrione and bicyclopyrone and a safener. - -

Various aspects and embodiments of the present invention will now be illustrated in more detail by way of example. It will be appreciated that modification of detail may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

For the avoidance of doubt, where a literary reference, patent application, or patent, is cited within the text of this application, the entire text of said citation is herein incorporated by reference.

Examples

Preparation Examples

The following abbreviations were used in this section: s = singlet; bs = broad singlet; d = doublet; dd = double doublet; dt = double triplet; t = triplet, tt = triple triplet, q = quartet, sept = septet; m = multiplet; RT = retention time, MH⁺ = molecular mass of the molecular cation.

1 H NMR spectra were recorded at 400 MHz either on a Varian Unity Inova instrument or Bruker AVANCE - II instrument.

Example 1

Preparation of N-(5-tert-butyl-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-bromo-3-methyl-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5- dihydropyrrole (69)

Step 1 : Synthesis of 1 - 5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione

2-methyl maleic anhydride (0.2 mL, 2.2 mM), 2-amino-5-tert-butyl-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol (230 mg, 1.5 mM) and methyl butyric acid (0.5 mL) were dissolved in xylene (4 mL). The solution was heated - - with stirring in a microwave at 120 °C for 40 minutes. 3 mL of the solvent was evaporated, and the mixture was allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 12 hours. The solvent was evaporated to produce a yellow oil which was chromatographed to give a white solid (190 mg, 50%)

1 H NMR (CDCI3): 1.51 (s, 9H), 2.23(s, 3H), 6.62(broad s, 1 H)

Step 2: Synthesis of 3-bromo-1 -(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5- dione

1-(5-tert-butyl-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione (180 mg, 0.72 mM) was dissolved in tetrachloromethane (20 mL) and bromine (0.04 mL, 0.72 mM) was added. The mixture was stirred and heated to reflux for 2 hours, then allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Triethylamine (0.1 1 mL, 0.79 mM) was added, and the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. Water (20 mL) and ethyl acetate (20 mL) were added, and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight (12 hours). The organic phase was separated and evaporated to produce an orange oil, which was purified by column chromatography to give a colourless oil (141 mg, 59 %).

1 H NMR (CDCI3): 1 .52(s, 9H), 2.21 (s, 3H) - peaks in 3: 1 ratio

Step 3: Synthesis of 4-bromo-1 -(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H- pyrrol-5-one

3-bromo-1-(5-tert-butyl-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione (128 mg, 0.39 mM) was dissolved in methanol (5 mL) and cooled to -10 °C. Sodium borohydride (20. mg, 0.52 mM) was added in a single portion, and the reaction mixture was stirred for two hours at -10 °C. The reaction mixture was taken into water (10ml) and ethyl acetate (20ml), the organic phase being separated, the aqueous then being further extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 20ml). The organic extracts were combined, washed with water (10ml), dried over MgS0₄, filtered and the filtrate - - evaporated. The crude product was purified by chromatography on silica to give 3-bromo-1-(5- tert-butyl-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione (table 1 , entry 69) (23 mg) and 3- bromo-1-(5-tert-butyl-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (31 mg, 1 H NMR (CDCI3): 1.50(s, 9H), 2.23(s, 3H), 5.46(s, 1 H), 6.19(s, 1 H).

Example 2

Preparation of 4-chloro-1-(5-chloro-1-isopropyl-imidazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one

(45) and 4-chloro-1-(2,5-dichloro-1-isopropyl-imidazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (44)

Step 3: Synthesis of 3-chloro-1 -(1 -isopropylimidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione

A mixture of 1-isopropylimidazol-4-amine (475 mg, 3.8 mmol), 3-chloro-4-methyl-furan-2,5-dione (0.61 g, 4.17 mmol) and 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (0.065 g, 0.38 mmol) was heated in toluene (15 ml) at 100°C for 5h. Methanol was added to the mixture to afford a clear brown solution. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (20ml), washed with saturated bicarbonate solution, brine, dried over MgS0₄ and concentrated. The mixture was then absorbed onto silica and purified by chromatography with mixtures of hexane containing 0 to 50 % ethyl acetate to afford the product as a pale brown oil (200 mg, 21 %).

1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) 7.52 (d, 1 H), 7.04 (d, 1 H), 4.35 (septet, 1 H), 2.14 (s, 3 H), 1 .52 (d, 6 H).

Step 4a: Synthesis of 3-chloro-1 -(2,5-dichloro-1 -isopropyl-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole- 2,5-dione - -

1-chloropyrrolidine-2,5-dione (6.90 mmol, 0.92 g) was added to a stirred solution of 3-chloro-1- (1-isopropylimidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione (2.76 mmol, 0.7 g) in acetonitrile (10 ml). The mixture was heated at reflux for 4h. The mixture was cooled down and absorbed onto silica and purified by chromatography (gradient elution with mixtures of hexane containing 0 to 50 % ethyl acetate) to afford 3-chloro-1-(2,5-dichloro-1-isopropyl-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5- dione (1.80 mmol, 0.58 g, 65%). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) 4.70 - 4.81 (m, 1 H), 2.15 (s, 3 H), 1.62 (d, J=6.98 Hz, 6 H)

Step 5a: Synthesis of 4-chloro-1-(2,5-dichloro-1-isopropyl-imidazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-3- methyl -2H -pyrrol -5-one

To a stirred solution of 3-chloro-1-(2,5-dichloro-1-isopropyl-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5- dione (1 .86 mmol, 0.6 g) in methanol (25ml) cooled to -78oC was added sodium borohydride (1.86 mmol, 0.07 g). The reaction was gradually allowed to warm to room temperature, then diluted with ethyl acetate (30ml) and the mixture was washed with water and brine. The organic extracts were then dried (MgS04) and concentrated affording a yellow oil (550mg). The mixture was then absorbed onto silica and purified by chromatography (silica gel column, gradient elution with mixtures of hexane containing 0 to 50 % ethyl acetate) to afford 4-chloro-1-(2,5- dichloro-1-isopropyl-imidazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (1.07 mmol, 0.350 g, table 1 , entry 44) as a colourless solid and 3-chloro-1-(2,5-dichloro-1-isopropyl-imidazol-4-yl)-2- hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (0.46 mmol, 0.150g, 24.85%, (400 MHz, CDCI₃) 5.65 (s, 1 H) 4.68 - 4.79 (m, 1 H) 4.34 (bs, 1 H), 1.94 (d, 3 H) 1.61 (d, J=7.12 Hz, 7 H). as a colourless foam.

Step 4b: Synthesis of 3-chloro-1-(5-chloro-1-isopropyl-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5- dione - -

1-chloropyrrolidine-2,5-dione (3.0 mmol, 0.40 g) was added to a stirred solution of 3-chloro-1-(1- isopropylimidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione (3.0 mmol, 0.76 g) in acetonitrile (10 ml). The mixture was heated at 60°C for 4h. The mixture was cooled and absorbed onto silica and purified by chromatography (silica gel column, gradient elution with mixtures of hexane containing 0 to 50 % ethyl acetate) to afford 3-chloro-1-(5-chloro-1-isopropyl-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5- dione (2.0 mmol, 0.57 g, 66%).

1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) 7.57 (s, 1 H), 7.26 (s, 2 H), 4.43 (s, 1 H), 2.15 (s, 3 H), 1.55 (d, J=6.85 Hz, 6 H).

Step 5b: Synthesis of 3-chloro-1 -(5-chloro-1 -isopropyl-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5- dione

To a stirred solution of 3-chloro-1-(5-chloro-1-isopropyl-imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione (1.94 mmol, 0.56 g) in methanol (25ml) cooled to -78°C was added sodium borohydride (1.94 mmol, 0.075 g). The reaction was gradually allowed to warm to room temperatureand the mixture was then diluted with ethyl acetate (30ml) and washed with water and brine. The organic extracts were then dried (MgS04) and concentrated affording a yellow oil (550mg). The mixture was then absorbed onto silica and purified by chromatography to give 3-chloro-1-(5-chloro-1-isopropyl- imidazol-4-yl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione (87 mg, table 1 , entry 45) and 3-chloro-1-(5-chloro-1- isopropyl-imidazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (23mg, 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform) 7.47 (s, 1 H), 5.69 (1 H, d), 4.91 (1 H, d), 4.43 (quintet, 1 H), 1.95 (d, J=1.21 Hz, 3 H), 1.53 (dd, J=6.71 , 2.15 Hz, 7 H). Example 3

Preparation of 1-(5-chloropyrazin-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (table 1 , entry 83) and 1-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (table 1 , entry 84) - -

Step 1 : Synthesis of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-1,2-dihydropyrrol-5-one

2,4,4-trimethoxy-3-methyl-but-2-enamide (15.2g, 80.46mmol, 60/40 E/Z mix) was dissolved in 80ml acetic acid/water (1 : 1 by volume) and stirred at rt for 3h.

The mixrue was concentrated at 30oC to give pale yellow solid, which was triturated with 150ml DCM, filtered and washed with DCM to give the product as pale yellow solid, 8.60g, nmr data (d6DMSO) 1.81s (3H, Me), 3.83s (3H, MeO), 5.05d (1 H, OH), 5.86d (1 H,CH), 8.34s broad (1 H, NH)

Step 2: Synthesis of 1-(5-chloropyrazin-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5- one (table 1, entry 83)

Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.123 g, 0.134 mmol), xantphos (0.300 g, 0.503 mmol), potassium carbonate (1 .18 g, 8.39 mmol) and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-m ethyl- 1 ,2- dihydropyrrol-5-one (0.480 g, 3.36 mmol) were stirred in 1 ,4-dioxane (20 mL), and the 2,5- dichloropyrazine (B, 0.500 g, 3.36 mmol) was added, the purple-red mixture then being warmed to around 80°C with stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere. After 5hr the mixture was cooled, then - - diluted with EtOAc (20ml) and water (10ml) and filtered through celite, washing through with further small portions of EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, the aqueous being further extracted with EtOAc (15ml). The organic extracts were combined, washed with water (10ml), dried over MgSO^ and filtered, and the filtrate adsorbed onto silica for chromatography to give a pale cream powder, 627mg (73%).

Step 2: Synthesis of 1 -[5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2H- pyrrol-5-one (table 1 , entry 84)

1-(5-chloropyrazin-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one ( 0.20 g, 0.78 mmol),

[1 , 1 '-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] dichloropalladium(ll) (0.03 g, 0.04 mmol), cesium fluoride (0.24 g, 1.56 mmol) and (4-chlorophenyl)boronic acid (0.31 g, 1.96 mmol) were charged to a medium microwave vial with a magnetic stirrer bar and water & dioxane were added. The vial was sealed and heated in the microwave at 130°C for 30mins.

The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the resisue was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/iso-hexane gradient.

Example 4

General preparation of amino isoxazolines

Vinyl nitrile formation: (Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2003, H, (18), 4093, P.J. Gilligan)

To a suspension of NaH (1.3 eq) in THF (3 ml/mmol) was added slowly at 0-5°C of a solution of the phosphonate (1.2 eq) in THF (0.33 ml/mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0-5°C for 1 h and a solution of the carbonyl in THF (0.33 ml/mmol) was then added. The reaction mixture was then stirred at rt for aldehydes and reflux for ketones. When gone to completion, the reaction was then quenched with HCI. EtOAc was added and the 2 layers were separated. The aqueous - - layer was extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over MgS0₄ and concentrated. All of the products were used crude and purified after the coupling step. Amino isoxazoline formation: (Bull. Chim. Soc. France, 1973, 1 138)

Sodium methoxide (1.05 eq) was added at rt to a solution of hydroxyurea (1.05 eq) in methanol (2 ml/mmol). When the hydroxyurea is fully dissolved, a solution of unsaturated nitrile in methanol (1 ml/mmol) was added. The reaction was then heated at reflux for at 48-72h. The reaction was then cooled down and quenched with HCI; the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic layers were washed with water (combined with the acidic aqueous layer and kept aside) and with brine dried over MgS0₄ and concentrated (corresponds to the starting nitrile). The acidic aqueous layer was basified with Na₂C0₃, extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic layers were washed with water and concentrated (corresponds to product, sometimes contaminated with hydroxy urea). All of the products were used crude and purified after the coupling step.

Where R₂ is not H, the compounds may exist in a mixture of diastereoisomers, which may be observed by LC-MS and NMR. The stereochemistry of the chiral centre at the carbon containing the R₃ group was generally found to interconvert in solution at room temperature. Depending on the nature of R₂ substitution and the conditions for product synthesis, purification and analysis the ratio of diastereromers may change.

Table 1 lists examples of compounds of the general formula (I) wherein R^a, R^b, R^c, R^d, R^e, R^f, R⁹, R , R², R³ and X are as defined above.

These compounds were made by the general methods described.

Table 1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Example 5 - Herbicidal action

Example 5a: Pre-emerqence herbicidal activity

Seeds of a variety of test species were sown in standard soil in pots. After cultivation for one day (pre-emergence) under controlled conditions in a glasshouse (at 24/16°C, day/night; 14 hours light; 65% humidity), the plants were sprayed with an aqueous spray solution derived from the formulation of the technical active ingredient in acetone / water (50:50) solution containing 0.5% Tween 20 (polyoxyethelyene sorbitan monolaurate, CAS RN 9005-64-5). The test plants were then grown in a glasshouse under controlled conditions (at 24/16°C, day/night; 14 hours light; 65% humidity) and watered twice daily. After 13 days, the test was evaluated (5= total damage to plant; 0 = no damage to plant). Results are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Application pre-emerqence

- -

- -

- -

Example 5b: Post-emergence herbicidal activity

Seeds of a variety of test species were sown in standard soil in pots. After 8 days cultivation (post-emergence) under controlled conditions in a glasshouse (at 24/16°C, day/night; 14 hours light; 65% humidity), the plants were sprayed with an aqueous spray solution derived from the formulation of the technical active ingredient in acetone / water (50:50) solution containing 0.5% Tween 20 (polyoxyethelyene sorbitan monolaurate, CAS RN 9005-64-5). The test plants were then grown in a glasshouse under controlled conditions (at 24/16°C, day/night; 14 hours light; 65% humidity) and watered twice daily. After 13 days, the test was evaluated (5 = total damage to plant; 0 = no damage to plant). Results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Application post-emergence

- -

- -

ABUTH = Abutilon theophrasti;; AMARE = Amaranthus retroflexus; SETFA = Setaria faberi; ALOMY = Alopecurus myosuroides; ECHCG = Echinochloa crus-galli; ZEAMX = Zea mays.

Claims

1. A compound of formula (I)

(I)

wherein

X is selected from S and O;

A is selected from

R^a is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, Ci-C₆ alkylthio, and a group R⁵R⁶NC(0)-, or R^a and R together with the carbon or nitrogen atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl;

R^b is selected from hydrogen, formyl, hydroxyl, halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₈ alkyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, Ci-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ alkylthio, d-d alkoxy, d-d alkoxy d-d alkyl, d-d alkylthio d-C₆ alkyl, d-C₆ cyanoalkoxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy d-C₆ alkoxy, d-d alkenyl, d-d alkynyl, d-d cyanoalkenyl, d-d cyanoalkynyl, d-d alkenyloxy, d-d alkynyloxy, d-d haloalkenyl, d-d haloalkynyl, d-d haloalkenyloxy, d-C₆ haloalkynyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy d-d alkenyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy d-d alkynyl, d-C₆ alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyl, d-C₆ haloalkylthio, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, d-C₆ haloalkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, d-C₆ haloalkylcarbonyl, d-d alkenylcarbonyl, d-d alkynylcarbonyl, C₂- d haloalkenylcarbonyl, d-d haloalkynylcarbonyl, tri Ci-C₆ alkylsilyl d-d alkynyl, R⁵R⁶NC(0)-, a group R⁵R⁶N-, a group R⁵C(0)N(R⁶)-, a group R⁵S(0₂)N(R⁶)-, a group R⁵R⁶NS0₂-, a group R⁵R⁶NC(0) Ci-C₆ alkyl, a C₆-d₀ aryloxy group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, d-C₃ alkyl, d-C₃ alkoxy, d-C₃ haloalkyl and d-C₃ haloalkoxy, a C₆-d₀ aryl C₁-C3 alkyl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, d-d alkyl, d-C₃ alkoxy, d-C₃ haloalkyl and d-C₃ haloalkoxy, a C₆-d₀ benzyloxy group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, d-C₃ alkyl, d-C₃ alkoxy, d-C₃ haloalkyl and d-C₃ haloalkoxy, a -d

heterocyclyl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from d-d alkyl, a d- cycloalkyl group optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, d-d alkoxy and d-d alkyl and a d-d cycloalkenyl group optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, d-d alkoxy and d-d alkyl, or R^b and R^a together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, d-d alkyl and d-d haloalkyl, or R^b and R^c together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, d-d alkyl and d-d haloalkyl, or R^b and R^f together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, d-d alkyl and d-d haloalkyl, or R^b and R⁹ together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyi; R^c is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, or R^c and R^b together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, or R^c and R^f together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, or R^c and R⁹ together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyi;

R^d is selected from hydrogen, formyl, hydroxyl, halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkyi, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyi, C₃-C₆ cyanocycloalkyi, Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, Ci-C₆ alkylthio, Ci-C₆ alkoxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ alkthio Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkoxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkenyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkynyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, C₂-C₆ alkynyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy C₂-C₆ alkenyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy C₂-C₆ alkynyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylthio, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylcarbonyl, a group R ³0(0)C-, C₂-C₆ alkenylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆ alkynylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenylcarbonyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynylcarbonyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxycarbonyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkenyloxycarbonyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkynyloxycarbonyloxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxycarbonyloxy, tri Ci- Ce alkylsilyl C₂-C₆ alkynyl, a group R⁵R⁶N-, a group R⁵C(0)N(R⁶)-, a group R⁵S(0₂)N(R⁶)-, a group R⁵R⁶NC(0)-, a group R⁵R⁶NC(0)0-, a group R⁵R⁶NS0₂-, a C₆-C₁₀ aryl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyi, and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy, a C₅-Ci₀ heteroaryl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyi, and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy; a C₆-Cio aryloxy group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyi, and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy, a C₆-Ci₀ benzyl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyi, and C₁-C3 haloalkoxy, a C₆-Ci₀ benzyloxy group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C3 alkyl, C₁-C3 alkoxy, C₁-C3 haloalkyi, and C₁-C3 haloalkoxy and a C₃-C₆ heterocyclyl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from C₁-C4 alkyl, or R^d and R^e together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen or Ci-C₆ alkyl;

R^e is selected from hydrogen, formyl, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆ cyanocycloalkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, Ci-C₆ alkoxy, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkoxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkenyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkynyl,C₂-C₆ alkenyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy Ci-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkthio Ci-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkylthio, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylthio, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylcarbonyl, a group R⁵R⁶N- and, when R^b is other than hydrogen, nitro, or R^e and R^d together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen or Ci-C₆ alkyl;

R^f is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyi and C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, or R^f and R^b together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, or R^f and R^c together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, or R^f and R⁹ together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyi;

R⁹ is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyi, or R⁹ and R^b together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, or R⁹ and R^c together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, or R⁹ and R^f together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl;

R is halogen and R² is Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy or -NR ⁰R or R is Ci-C₃ alkoxy and R² is halogen, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, or R is Ci-C₃ alkyl and R² is Ci-C₃ alkoxy;

R⁷ and R⁸ are, independently, selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, a C₅-Ci₀ heteroaryl group which can be mono- or bicyclic comprising from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, C₁-C3 alkyl, C₁-C3 haloalkyl and C₁-C3 alkoxy, a C₆-Ci₀ aryl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C3 alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyl and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy, or R⁷ and R⁸ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen or Ci-C₆ alkyl;

R ⁰ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy-Ci-C₆ alkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, C₃- C₆ cycloalkyl-Ci-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl and C₂-C₆ alkynyl;

R is selected from hydrogen and Ci-C₆ alkyl;

R ³ is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl and C₂-C₆ alkynyl;

R ⁴ and R ⁵ are, independently, selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₂₀ alkyl, Ci-C₂₀ haloalkyl, C₂- C₂₀ alkenyl andC₂-C₂₀ alkynyl, or R ⁴ and R ⁵ together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen and Ci-C₆ alkyl; or an N-oxide or salt form thereof.

The compound of claim 1 , wherein X is O.

The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R^a is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C₄ alkyl and Ci-C₄ haloalkyl.

The compound of claim 3, wherein R^a is selected from hydrogen, chloro, methyl or mono-, di- or tri-substituted halo methyl.

The compound of claim 4, wherein R^a is hydrogen.

The compound of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein R^b is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₈ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy, Ci-C₆ alkylthio, a group R⁵R⁶NC(0) d-C₆ alkyl, d-C₆ alkoxy d-C₆ alkyl and C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from cyano, Ci-C₃ alkyl and Ci-C₃ alkoxy.

7. The compound of claim 6, wherein R^b is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C₈ alkyl, d- C₆ haloalkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, Ci-C₆ alkylthio and C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from cyano, C₁-C3 alkyl and C₁-C3 alkoxy.

8. The compound of claim 7, wherein R^b is selected from methyl, ethyl, /^'so-propyl, ieri-butyl, (1 ,1-dimethyl)-prop-1-yl, (2-m ethyl )-prop-1-yl, (2,2-dimethyl)-prop-1-yl, (1 ,1-dimethyl)-prop-

2-en-1-yl, (1 ,1-dimethyl)-but-3-en-1-yl, cyclobutyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, (1- methyl)cycloprop-1-yl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1 ,1 ,1 ,3,3,3- hexafluoro-2-propyl, 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-ethyl, methylthio,1 ,1-difluoroethyl and 1-fluoro-1- methylethyl. 9. The compound of claim 8, wherein R^b is selected from /^'so-propyl, ieri-butyl, (1 ,1-dimethyl)- prop-2-en-1-yl, cyclopropyl, methyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-ethyl, 1 ,1-difluoroethyl and 1-fluoro-1-methylethyl.

10. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein R^c is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano andCi-C₃ alkyl. 11. The compound of claim 10, wherein R^c is selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine,

bromine, methyl and cyano.

12. The compound of claim 11 , wherein R^c is selected from hydrogen, fluorine and cyano.

13. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein R^d is selected from hydrogen,

halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkyl, Ci-C₆ alkylthio, Ci-C₆ alkoxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy Ci-C₆ alkoxy, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy C₂-C₆ alkenyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, a group R ³0(0)C-, a group R⁵R⁶NC(0)-, a group R⁵C(0)N(R⁶)-, a C₆-C₁₀ aryl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyl, and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy, a C₅-Ci₀ heteroaryl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyl, and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy; a C₃-C₆ heterocyclyl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from d-C₄ alkyl.

14. The compound of claim 13, wherein R^d is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₄ alkyl, Ci-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C4 cyanoalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, a group R ³0(0)C-, a group

R⁵R⁶NC(0)-, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy, Ci-C₄ alkoxy or a C₆-Ci₀ aryl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C₃ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₃ haloalkyl, and Ci-C₃ haloalkoxy.

15. The compound of claim 14, wherein R^d is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₄ alkyl, Ci-C₃ alkoxy, Ci-C₄ alkenyl, Ci-C₄ haloalkylor a C₆-Ci₀ aryl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, C1-C3 haloalkyl, and C1-C3 haloalkoxy.

16. The compound of claim 15, wherein R^d is selected from hydrogen, cyano, bromo, chloro, fluoro, methyl, vinyl, 1-propen-1-yl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, methoxy,

isopropoxycarbonyl and phenyl optionally substituted with fluorine or chlorine.

17. The compound of claim 16, wherein R^d is selected from hydrogen, chloro and

trifluoromethyl.

18. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein R^e is selected from hydrogen, formyl, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆ cyanocycloalkyl, d- C₆ haloalkyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkoxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkenyl, C₂-C₆ cyanoalkynyl,C₂-C₆ alkenyl oxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxy Ci-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyloxy, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkenyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkthio Ci-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ haloalkynyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkylthio, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylthio, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylsulfonyl, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkylcarbonyl, a group R⁵R⁶N- and, when R^b is other than hydrogen, nitro; or R^e and R^d together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen or Ci-C₆ alkyl. 19. The compound of claim 18, wherein R^e is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, Ci-C₆ alkyl, Ci-C₆ cycloalkyl, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C₆ haloalkyl, Ci-C₆ cyanoalkyl, Ci-C₆ alkoxy, Ci-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₂-C₆ alkenyl and the group R⁵R⁶N-.

20. The compound of claim 19, wherein R^e is selected from hydrogen, cyano, halogen, Ci-C₄ alkyl and Ci-C₄ haloalkyl. 21. The compound of claim 20, wherein R^e is selected from halogen, Ci-C₄ alkyl and C1-C4 haloalkyl.

22. The compound of claim 21 , wherein R^e is selected from bromo, chloro, fluoro, 1- fluoroethyl, 1 , 1-difluoroethyl, difluoromethyl, 1-fluoro-1-methylethyl, methyl, /^'so-propyl, tert- butyl and trifluoromethyl. 23. The compound of claim 22, wherein R^e is selected from methyl, /^'so-propyl, ieri-butyl and trifluoromethyl.

24. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein R^f is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, or R^b and R^f together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally comprising from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N and optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and Ci-C₆ haloalkyl.

25. The compound of claim 24, wherein R^f is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C₆ alkyl and C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, or R^b and R^f together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered saturated ring.

26. The compound of claim 25, wherein R^f is selected from hydrogen, methyl and cyclopropyl or R^b and R^f together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a cyclohexyl or a cyclobutyl ring.

27. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein R⁹ is hydrogen. 28. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein R^h is selected from hydrogen, methyl, methoxy and thiomethyl.

29. The compound of claim 28, wherein R^h is selected from hydrogen and thiomethyl. 30. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 29, wherein R^j is selected from hydrogen,

halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl and C1-C3 haloalkoxy.

31. The compound of claim 30, wherein R^j is selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine,

bromine, methyl, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy.

32. The compound of claim 31 , wherein R^j is selected from hydrogen and fluorine. 33. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein R is halogen and R² is Ci-C₃ alkyl or R is C1-C3 alkoxy and R² is C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 alkoxy,or R is C1-C3 alkyl and R² is C1-C3 alkoxy.

34. The compound of claim 33, wherein R is selected from chlorine and bromine and R² is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, methoxy and ethoxy or R is selected from methoxy and ethoxy and R² is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, methoxy and ethoxy or R is selected from methyl, ethyl and n-propyl and R² is selected from methoxy and ethoxy.

35. The compound of claim 34, wherein R is selected from chlorine and bromine and R² is selected from methyl and methoxy or R is methoxy and R² is selected from methyl and methoxy or R is methyl and R² is methoxy. 36. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein R³ is selected from halogen,

hydroxyl, -NR ⁴R¹⁵ or any of the following groups

37. The compound of claim 36, wherein R³ is selected from hydroxyl, halogen, Ci-C₆ alkylcarbonyloxy, Ci-C₆ alkoxycarbonyloxy and aryloxycarbonyloxy wherein the aryl group may be substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C3 alkyl, C₁-C3 alkoxy, C₁-C3 haloalkyl and C₁-C3 haloalkoxy.

38. The compound of claim 37, wherein R³ is selected from hydroxyl and halogen.

39. The compound of claim 38, wherein R³ is hydroxyl.

40. A herbicidal composition comprising a compound of formula I as defined in any one of claims 1 to 39 together with at least one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant or diluent.

41. A composition according to claim 40 which comprises a further herbicide in addition to the compound of formula I.

42. A composition according to claim 40 or 41 which comprises a safener.

43. Use of a compound of formula I as defined in any one of claims 1 to 39 or a composition as defined in any one of claims 40 to 42 as a herbicide.

44. A method of controlling weeds in crops of useful plants, comprising applying to said weeds or to the locus of said weeds, or to said useful plants or to the locus of said useful plants, a compound of formula I as defined in any one of claims 1 to 39 or a composition as claimed in any one of claims 40 to 42.