WO2016066484A2 - Onduleur et bobine de réactance pour supprimer des bruitages en mode commun - Google Patents

Onduleur et bobine de réactance pour supprimer des bruitages en mode commun Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016066484A2
WO2016066484A2 PCT/EP2015/074329 EP2015074329W WO2016066484A2 WO 2016066484 A2 WO2016066484 A2 WO 2016066484A2 EP 2015074329 W EP2015074329 W EP 2015074329W WO 2016066484 A2 WO2016066484 A2 WO 2016066484A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
windings
inverter
core
common
common core
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/074329
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2016066484A3 (fr
Inventor
Carsten Ewig
Original Assignee
Sma Solar Technology Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sma Solar Technology Ag filed Critical Sma Solar Technology Ag
Publication of WO2016066484A2 publication Critical patent/WO2016066484A2/fr
Publication of WO2016066484A3 publication Critical patent/WO2016066484A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/123—Suppression of common mode voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an inverter having at least one inverter bridge, wherein an input-side DC reactor for suppressing common mode noise on DC lines of the inverter and an output side AC reactor for suppressing common mode noise is provided on AC lines of the inverter.
  • Each of the chokes has at least two windings, which are magnetically coupled to one another.
  • Each of the windings of the DC reactor is connected upstream of an input of the AC bridge and each of the windings of the AC reactor is connected downstream of an output of the inverter bridge.
  • the invention further relates to a choke suitable for use in a power converter for suppressing common mode noise.
  • Inverters of the type mentioned are used as power converters, for example in photovoltaic systems (PV systems) for converting a direct current provided by a photovoltaic generator (PV generator) into an alternating current that is suitable for feeding into a power supply network.
  • PV systems photovoltaic systems
  • switching devices of the inverter bridge are suitably driven (clocked) according to a modulation method, usually a pulse width modulation method (PWM), in order to convert the supplied direct current into alternating current.
  • PWM pulse width modulation method
  • the timing of the switching elements takes place at a frequency which is higher by a multiple than the frequency of the generated alternating current, which is also referred to below as the mains frequency.
  • the inverter bridge is usually followed by an AC filter, also called a sinusoidal filter.
  • an AC filter also called a sinusoidal filter.
  • the above-mentioned AC choke is present, with the particular common mode noise, ie disturbances that are characterized by a same direction current flow on the
  • inverters in particular inverters for PV systems, often have a DC converter, also called DC (direct current) / DC converter, connected upstream of the inverter bridge as the DC input stage. Between the DC / DC converter and the inverter bridge, a DC link with an intermediate circuit capacitor is often arranged.
  • the DC / DC converter is used for voltage adjustment of the DC voltage generated by the PV generators to a DC voltage required by the inverter bridge as an input voltage.
  • step-up and / or step-down converter are used, which also have a clocked switching element in conjunction with an inductor and / or a capacitor.
  • the timing of the switching device of the DC / DC converter leads to EMC interference at the DC input terminals of the inverter, which are suppressed by the aforementioned DC choke as possible.
  • said common mode noise may occur in power converters that have clocked switching devices and convert DC to AC or vice versa.
  • these also include power converters that work in the opposite or bidirectional power flow direction, such as switching power supplies or battery charging and discharging converters.
  • the aforementioned chokes achieve the respective suppression of common mode noise by a magnetic coupling of their respective windings, wherein the two respective windings are wound or connected in such a way that magnetic fields induced by normal mode currents cancel each other out, so that the chokes have no or the smallest possible inductance for Represent push-pull currents.
  • magnetic fields induced by common-mode currents from the windings add constructively in each case, so that the chokes for common-mode currents represent a high inductance and accordingly dampen the temporal variation of common-mode currents accordingly.
  • an inverter which has a DC / DC converter on the DC side and an inverter bridge on the AC side. At least two chokes are provided for suppressing common mode noise, at least one of which is common to the
  • the publication DE 691 13080 T2 discloses a power supply device which has a choke with one core and three windings, wherein two of the three windings are respectively arranged on an input-side AC line and the third winding is arranged on one of the output-side AC lines. The three windings are equal to each other so that a sum of windings of these windings is equal to zero.
  • the document US 20140266507 A1 discloses a common mode choke having four windings on a common core and can be used in an input or output filter of a power supply.
  • two of the four windings can each be assigned to one of two inputs with two input lines each.
  • two of the four windings can each be assigned to one of two outputs, each with two output lines.
  • An inventive inverter of the type mentioned is characterized in that the at least two DC windings and the at least two AC windings are magnetically coupled to each other.
  • an inverter according to the invention thus virtually all windings are magnetically coupled to each other, whereby both normal mode noise within the individual branches (DC or AC) are compensated, as well as can be compensated disorders that correlated on the DC and the AC side ,
  • the at least two DC windings and the at least two AC windings are arranged on a common core and thus form a combined throttle.
  • the common core requires less core volume than separate cores for a DC side and an AC side choke, saving material and thus cost, weight and space.
  • each of the windings can be arranged on a separate section of the common core.
  • an insulation layer is arranged in the overlap region between one of the DC windings and one of the AC windings.
  • a magnetic coupling can be achieved with the appropriate type of galvanic separation with sufficient insulation strength in the described ways.
  • one of the DC windings and one of the AC windings overlapping in a region of the common core and the other of the DC windings and the other of the AC windings are arranged overlapping in another region of the core.
  • the magnetic fields generated by the AC or DC windings can compensate each other optimally and stray fields are minimized.
  • the common core of the combined throttle is a toroidal core. A toroidal core provides a good magnetic coupling of the windings with low stray fields with low material usage.
  • the magnetic coupling and winding directions of the DC windings and the AC windings are designed such that common-mode currents flowing in phase through the DC lines and the AC lines produce magnetic fields in the core which add constructively. In this way, in addition to the differential mode interference of the individual sides (DC or AC) as well
  • Common mode noise is particularly effectively compensated, which is correlated on the DC and AC sides.
  • inverter is between DC terminals of the inverter and the DC terminals of the inverter bridge, a DC / DC converter and an intermediate circuit is arranged, wherein the DC windings are connected upstream or downstream of the DC / DC converter.
  • the common core has a center leg and is designed as El, EE, FF, UIU or CIC core.
  • a further turn is arranged on the middle leg.
  • the further winding can be connected via a drive circuit to the intermediate circuit, whereby any asymmetries of the magnetic fields in the core of the throttle can be compensated by suitable current supply with an alternating current.
  • the drive circuit can actively control the further winding by means of an amplifier or driver circuit, which can be filtered or the like via filters. connected to the DC link.
  • the drive circuit may also be constructed using passive components, for example resistors and / or capacitors. It is also conceivable, instead of or in addition to the control shown here, the further winding to compensate for asymmetries, the further winding for
  • a choke according to the invention for suppressing common mode noise in a power converter has at least two DC windings and at least two AC windings, wherein the at least two
  • DC windings and the at least two AC windings are arranged on a common core.
  • the arrangement of the DC and AC windings on a core, these are magnetically coupled with each other. This results in the advantages described in connection with the inverter.
  • the common core is a toroidal core. Also advantageously overlap the windings on the common core in whole or in part, wherein in the overlap region between one of the DC windings and one of the AC windings, an insulating layer is arranged.
  • the DC windings overlap in a region of the common core and the AC windings are arranged in another region of the common core. It is also possible that one of the same current windings and one of the AC windings in a region of the common core overlapping and the other of the DC windings and the other of the AC windings are arranged overlapping in another region of the core.
  • the common core has a center leg, on which a further turn is arranged.
  • the DC windings are adapted to be connected to DC lines of a power converter
  • the AC windings are adapted to be connected to AC lines of a power converter.
  • a DC winding is to be understood as meaning a winding configured for winding into a DC circuit.
  • an AC winding designates a winding configured for grinding in an AC circuit.
  • the device of a winding may relate to the selected number of turns, the cross section of the winding and the insulation material of the winding used, but also to the positioning of the winding and in particular their connections on or on the core.
  • the DC windings and the AC windings each have two ends, wherein the ends of the DC windings are arranged on a first side of the throttle and the ends of the AC windings on a first side of the opposite side of the throttle.
  • a configured choke is particularly well suited for installation in an inverter, since the DC and the AC windings have correspondingly spatially separated connections.
  • a suitable insulation quality between the DC and the AC side already results from the mechanical structure of the throttle.
  • the position and, if necessary, marking of connections also helps to avoid wiring errors when assembling devices and thus to comply with standards within the scope of insulation coordination.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an inverter of a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the inverter of the first embodiment in a housing
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of an inverter in a second
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of an inverter in a third
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of an inverter according to the application.
  • the inverter can be used, for example, within a PV system in order to supply direct current from a PV generator, which usually consists of a plurality of parallel and / or series-connected photovoltaic modules (PV modules), to one for feeding into a power supply network to convert suitable alternating current.
  • PV modules photovoltaic modules
  • an inverter according to the invention can also be used for other purposes, in particular but not exclusively in connection with the generation and conversion of regenerative energies.
  • the inverter shown in Fig. 1 has two DC input terminals 1, which a filter capacitor 1 1 is connected in parallel.
  • the DC input terminals 1, also referred to below as DC terminals 1 are connected to a DC input stage of the inverter via a choke 100, which will be explained in greater detail below.
  • the DC input stage is designed here as a DC / DC converter 2.
  • This includes an electronic module 21, an inductor 22 and a filter capacitor 23.
  • the DC / DC converter 2 is at For example, a boost converter and / or buck converter, the high and / or deep sets a voltage applied to the DC terminals 1 voltage to a required during operation of the inverter DC voltage. If a sufficient DC voltage for the operation of the inverter is applied to the DC terminals 1, can be dispensed with an adjustment of the DC level by the DC / DC converter 2 and thus to the DC input stage.
  • the DC / DC converter 2 is coupled to an intermediate circuit 3, which symbolically has an intermediate circuit capacitor 31 here.
  • an inverter bridge 4 is connected to the DC link 3 via DC lines via its DC inputs.
  • the inverter bridge 4 converts the input side supplied direct current into alternating current. In this case, it has switching devices in typically a plurality of bridge branches, which are controlled by a control device, not shown here, in a modulation method, for example in a PWM method.
  • the inverter bridge 4 and thus the entire inverter are single-phase in the example shown, so they have two AC output lines.
  • an inverter according to the application can also be multi-phase, in particular three-phase.
  • a three-phase inverter then has, for example, three output lines.
  • the inverter bridge 4 is the output side - ie the AC side - a sine wave filter 5 downstream, comprising a filter inductor 51 and a filter capacitor 52.
  • the sine-wave filter 5 forms an approximately sinusoidal current profile from the current waveform initially emitted in clocked form by the inverter bridge 4.
  • the sine-wave filter 5 is connected via components of the aforementioned reactor 100 to AC output terminals 6, hereinafter referred to as AC (alternating current) terminals 6. Parallel to the AC terminals 6 is an AC
  • Sieve capacitor 61 is arranged.
  • the components of the reactor 100 and the sine filter 5 may also be arranged in reverse order, so that the sine filter 5 is arranged between the components of the reactor 100 and the AC terminals 6.
  • the filter capacitors 1 1, 61 are connected in parallel to these terminals.
  • the inductor 100 is provided, which is used for the suppression of disturbances, in particular common-mode noise, resulting inter alia from the clocked operation of the switching elements of the DC / DC converter 2 and / or the inverter bridge 4 during operation of the inverter and the DC lines and / or the alternating current lines to the DC terminals 1 and the AC terminals 6 and possibly beyond.
  • the reactor 100 has two DC windings 101, 102 which are arranged in the two DC power lines leading from the DC terminals 1 to the DC / DC converter 2.
  • the two DC windings 101, 102 are coupled to one another via a magnetic coupling 103 in such a way that magnetic fields which are built up from push-pull currents flowing through the DC windings 101, 102 mutually completely or largely cancel each other out.
  • the reactor 100 thus has a low inductance for such push-pull currents.
  • the magnetic fields generated by common mode currents add via the magnetic coupling 103, so that the DC windings 101, 102 have a high inductance for common mode currents.
  • the reactor 100 includes AC windings 104, 105, which in turn are magnetically coupled together by a magnetic coupling 106.
  • AC windings 104, 105 attenuate common mode noise on AC lines.
  • a magnetic coupling 107 is provided which magnetically couples the DC windings 101, 102 and the AC windings 104, 105 together.
  • This can advantageously be achieved by a common core on which the DC windings 101, 102 and the AC windings 104, 105 are applied.
  • the common core requires less core volume than separate cores for a DC side and an AC side choke, saving material and thus cost, weight and space.
  • FIG. 2 shows the inverter of the first exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1 in a schematic arrangement in a housing 70.
  • the housing 70 can be subdivided internally into a plurality of regions, in particular a DC connection region 71 (DC connection region 71), a direct current region 72 (DC Area 72), an AC area 73 (AC area 73), and an AC terminal area 74 (AC terminal area 74).
  • the DC terminal portion 71 is to be assigned the DC terminals 1 and the filter capacitor 1 1, the AC terminal portion 74, the AC terminals 6 and the AC filter capacitor 61.
  • the reactor 100 extends over the DC connection region 71 and the AC connection region 74.
  • the DC region 72 is assigned to the DC / DC converter 2
  • the AC region 73 is assigned to the inverter region. bridge 4 with the sine filter 5.
  • the intermediate circuit 3 is arranged in a separate, not specified here area of the inverter.
  • Fig. 3 shows, in a manner similar to Fig. 2, a schematic representation of an inverter with choke for suppressing common mode noise in a housing 70 in a second embodiment.
  • Identical and equally acting elements are identified in this embodiment with the same reference numerals as in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the inductor 100 has in the embodiment of FIG. 3 designed here as a ring core common core 108, to which the DC not shown separately here and AC windings are applied.
  • the common ring core 108 all windings are magnetically coupled to each other.
  • the coupling between the DC windings and the AC windings is in each case designed with one another in such a way that DC or AC-side common mode disturbances are damped.
  • the magnetic coupling of the DC windings 101, 102 with the AC windings 104, 105, as well as the winding directions (winding direction) of the windings 101, 102, 104, 105 are designed such that the same common-mode currents flowing through the DC lines and the AC lines constructively adding magnetic fields in the core , here the ring core 108, produce.
  • the reactor 100 is a transformer through which the common mode currents can circulate within a circuit formed by the reactor 100 and the inverter bridge 4 and possibly the DC link 3 and the DC / DC converter 2.
  • the individual windings can be arranged on separate sections of the ring core 108 and / or partially and / or completely overlap.
  • each winding may be wound on about a quarter segment of the ring core 108 so that the windings do not overlap, with the DC or AC windings on each adjacent or opposite quarters of the ring core 108 are arranged.
  • the DC windings can each extend over one half of the ring core 108, while the AC windings extend over the other half of the ring core 108.
  • An arrangement is also possible in which both the DC and AC windings extend around the entire or substantially entire toroidal core 108.
  • the individual windings of the DC windings or of the AC windings can each be arranged alternately next to one another.
  • a DC winding or an AC winding are arranged alternately one above the other.
  • an additional, insulating layer is then arranged between the DC and the AC windings, in particular if special demands are placed on the quality of the electrical isolation and on the insulation strength between the AC and DC windings.
  • inverters which have a plurality of DC / DC converters for connecting a plurality of independent photovoltaic generators.
  • more than two AC windings may be provided at the reactor 100, particularly when a polyphase inverter bridge, such as a three-phase inverter bridge, is provided and / or when more than one inverter bridge is present.
  • a polyphase inverter bridge such as a three-phase inverter bridge
  • the common ring core 108 shown in the second embodiment in Fig. 3 may be formed annular or as an ellipsoid. Its material cross-sectional area may be circular or may also have a rectangular or square geometry. Instead of a ring core, other core shapes can be used. For example, a core of essentially rectangular geometry, for example an Ul or a UU core, can be used. the. Also, a core with more than two legs is conceivable, for example, an El, EE, UIU or FF core can be used. Cores with three legs, eg E cores, are particularly advantageous if the inverter generates a three-phase alternating current and thus has three output alternating current power lines, which in turn are connected to three AC windings on the reactor.
  • FIG. 4 shows a development of the inverter shown in FIG. 3, to the description of which reference is hereby made. Again, the same and like elements in this embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as in the preceding figures.
  • a modified toroidal core 108 is used for the throttle 100, which has a center leg 109 which preferably runs centrally along the diameter of the toroidal core 108.
  • a modified ring core 108 for example, a CIC core can be used.
  • an El or EE core can also be used, which also provides a core with two outer sections for receiving the DC or AC windings and a center leg.
  • the further winding 1 10 is connected to outputs of a drive circuit 1 1 1, whose inputs contact the DC link 3.
  • the further winding 1 10 is energized via the drive circuit 1 1 1.
  • the drive circuit 1 1 1 can actively control the further winding 1 10 by means of an amplifier or driver circuit, the like via filters o. is connected to the intermediate circuit 3.
  • the drive circuit 1 1 1 can also be constructed using passive components, that is, for example, resistors and / or capacitors.
  • the additional winding 110 can also be used to measure the asymmetry of the magnetic fields in the core of the reactor 100.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un onduleur comportant au moins un pont (4), une bobine de réactance à courant continu montée en amont du pont (4), destinée à supprimer des bruitages en mode commun sur des lignes à courant continu de l'onduleur, et une bobine de réactance à courant alternatif montée en aval du au moins un pont (4), destinée à supprimer des bruitages en mode commun sur des lignes à courant alternatif de l'onduleur, la bobine de réactance à courant continu comprenant au moins deux enroulements à courant continu (101, 102) couplés magnétiquement, respectivement montés en amont d'une borne à courant continu du pont (4), et la bobine de réactance à courant alternatif comprenant au moins deux enroulements à courant alternatif (104, 105) couplés magnétiquement, respectivement montés en aval d'une sortie à courant alternatif du pont (4). L'onduleur est caractérisé en ce que les au moins deux enroulements à courant continu (101, 102) et les au moins deux enroulements à courant alternatif (104, 105) sont couplés magnétiquement entre eux. L'invention concerne par ailleurs une bobine de réactance (100) pour supprimer des bruitages en mode commun sur un convertisseur de puissance.
PCT/EP2015/074329 2014-10-30 2015-10-21 Onduleur et bobine de réactance pour supprimer des bruitages en mode commun WO2016066484A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014115782.6A DE102014115782A1 (de) 2014-10-30 2014-10-30 Wechselrichter und Drossel zur Unterdrückung von Gleichtaktstörungen
DE102014115782.6 2014-10-30

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016066484A2 true WO2016066484A2 (fr) 2016-05-06
WO2016066484A3 WO2016066484A3 (fr) 2016-11-24

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PCT/EP2015/074329 WO2016066484A2 (fr) 2014-10-30 2015-10-21 Onduleur et bobine de réactance pour supprimer des bruitages en mode commun

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DE (1) DE102014115782A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016066484A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN107516996A (zh) * 2017-09-12 2017-12-26 青岛四方庞巴迪铁路运输设备有限公司 逆变器直流输入端共模骚扰电压的抑制方法及逆变器
EP3629460A1 (fr) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'étranglement compensé en courant

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DE102016211399A1 (de) * 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltungsanordnung zum Anschluss an einen Wechselrichter einer elektrischen Maschine
DE102018206291A1 (de) * 2018-04-24 2019-10-24 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag EMV-Filter
DE102019130839A1 (de) * 2019-11-15 2021-05-20 Vacon Oy Eine Induktorbaugruppe
DE102019130838A1 (de) * 2019-11-15 2021-05-20 Vacon Oy Eine Filteranordnung

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JP2001268890A (ja) * 2000-03-16 2001-09-28 Hitachi Ltd 電力変換システム
JP2007300700A (ja) * 2006-04-27 2007-11-15 Sanken Electric Co Ltd ノイズ低減用リアクトル及びノイズ低減装置
WO2011087045A1 (fr) 2010-01-13 2011-07-21 株式会社 東芝 Inverseur de liaison-reseau
US8941456B2 (en) * 2011-09-15 2015-01-27 Microsemi Corporation EMI suppression with shielded common mode choke
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107516996A (zh) * 2017-09-12 2017-12-26 青岛四方庞巴迪铁路运输设备有限公司 逆变器直流输入端共模骚扰电压的抑制方法及逆变器
EP3629460A1 (fr) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'étranglement compensé en courant

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