WO2016060319A1 - Appareil de compensation de puissance réactive et procédé de compensation de puissance réactive - Google Patents

Appareil de compensation de puissance réactive et procédé de compensation de puissance réactive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016060319A1
WO2016060319A1 PCT/KR2014/010658 KR2014010658W WO2016060319A1 WO 2016060319 A1 WO2016060319 A1 WO 2016060319A1 KR 2014010658 W KR2014010658 W KR 2014010658W WO 2016060319 A1 WO2016060319 A1 WO 2016060319A1
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Prior art keywords
compensation
power
phase
supply path
power supply
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PCT/KR2014/010658
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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김정우
정진영
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창명제어기술(주)
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Publication of WO2016060319A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016060319A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/70—Regulating power factor; Regulating reactive current or power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/06—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using power transmission lines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reactive power compensation device and a compensation method capable of compensating for when ground reactive power occurs due to a power factor drop in a power supply system, and particularly, by using a semiconductor switch having a fast operating speed by monitoring and measuring the power factor in real time C. It relates to a power compensation device and a compensation method.
  • the reactive power refers to an reactive component that lowers power efficiency only when AC power is applied to a load such as an induction motor including a reactance component so that a current that is later than the voltage flows to perform no power transmission.
  • the reactive power is returned to the power supply side and unnecessarily increases the amount of current flowing through the wire to generate heat loss, thereby increasing the capacity of the transformer switchboard. have.
  • reactive power causes heat as well as electromagnetic resonance on the power transmission path, causing a problem of increasing electromagnetic pollution.
  • FIG. 1 shows a three-phase motor control structure according to the prior art.
  • the control module between the three-phase power source and the three-phase motor is a starter circuit, and performs a predetermined control operation only when the three-phase motor is started. I just delivered it to a three-phase motor. In this case, even if a power factor drop in the three-phase power source occurs during the normal driving of the three-phase motor, no countermeasures can be taken, and a decrease in efficiency due to reactive power is inevitable.
  • industrial sites use power factor control devices that maximize active power, minimize reactive power, and have a power factor close to one.
  • Such a power factor regulator is generally composed of a reactor, a capacitor, a magnet switch, and a discharge coil between a load such as an input power source and a motor.
  • the power factor adjuster configured as described above has a problem in that power factor compensation for load fluctuations is not sufficient.
  • the fastening capacitor is used to improve the power factor, but this fixed capacitor is always in the state of high efficiency and does not improve the power factor, and switching is performed after 6 to 12 cycles of the power sine wave when the power is turned on or off. It was not satisfactory also in speed. This makes it impossible to achieve optimum load efficiency, especially in the case of frequent startups such as motor loads and heavy load fluctuations.
  • the present invention is to provide a reactive power compensation device and / or compensation method that can effectively prevent the generation of reactive power at low cost.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a reactive power compensation device and / or a compensation method capable of quickly compensating reactive power in an environment requiring fast action such as driving a motor.
  • the sensing unit for sensing the power factor of the three-phase power supply path;
  • An invalid compensation switching unit configured to compensate for reactive power in power supplied to the three-phase power supply path by adjusting the number of capacitors connected to each phase of the three-phase power supply path;
  • a switching controller configured to control a switching operation of the invalid compensation switching unit according to the detected power factor.
  • the invalid compensation switching unit may include a compensation capacitor connected between a power supply path of each phase and a neutral wire; A semiconductor switch for switching a connection of the compensation capacitor; And a unit adjustment module having a harmonic attenuation reactor connected in series with the semiconductor switch.
  • the sensing unit senses the voltage and the current of the R, S, and T phase power supply paths, respectively, and the switching controller determines whether or not the reactive power generation of each phase from the voltage and current of the respective phases. Can be.
  • the switching controller may be configured to control the instantaneous power to compensate the reactive power for the neutral point only for the specific phase whose power factor is lowered.
  • the switching controller may switch the semiconductor switch when the voltage or current of each phase transmitted from the sensing unit reaches zero point.
  • the compensation capacitor of each unit adjustment module may have a different capacitance value.
  • the compensation capacitor of each unit adjustment module may have a capacitance value that is doubled.
  • a reactive power compensation method includes: monitoring a voltage and a current of a power supply path; Calculating a power factor of the current and voltage; If the power factor is not 1.0, determining a compensation capacitance; Selecting capacitors to connect to the power supply path according to the determined compensation capacitance; And coupling the selected capacitors to the power supply path.
  • the determining of the compensation capacitance may be performed by determining a compensation capacitance corresponding to an absolute value of the power factor other than 1.0.
  • the determining of the compensation capacitance may be performed by calculating a reduced power factor with the monitored cumulative values for the power factor of the monitoring step and determining a compensation capacitance corresponding to the calculated power factor value.
  • the selecting of capacitors to be connected to the power supply path may be performed by referring to a table consisting of on / off combinations of switches connecting capacitors to which one field gives a capacitance value and another field gives a capacitance value. Can be.
  • the implementation of the reactive power compensation device or the compensation method of the present invention having the above-described configuration has an advantage of effectively preventing the generation of reactive power at low cost.
  • the present invention has the advantage of being able to quickly compensate for the reactive power in real time in an environment requiring a quick action, such as a motor drive. That is, in particular, when applied to a motor drive with a large number of start-ups or frequent load fluctuations, there is an advantage in that the efficiency of the motor can be maximized instantaneously with an excellent power saving effect.
  • 1 is a block diagram showing a connection diagram of a general load.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing the structure of a reactive power compensation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram showing waveforms of voltage and current on a power supply path for explaining the improved switching control method.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a reactive power compensation method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a reactive power compensation method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • first and second may be used to describe various components, but the components may not be limited by the terms. The terms are only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.
  • first component may be referred to as the second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as the first component.
  • a component When a component is referred to as being connected or connected to another component, it may be understood that the component may be directly connected to or connected to the other component, but there may be other components in between. .
  • the present invention compensates for reactive power so that apparent power is converted into active power so that the load can achieve optimal efficiency by detecting and controlling the voltage phase, current phase, and current value of the load. Giving device. This ultimately reduces electricity by reducing the input current and inducing the load to operate at optimal efficiency.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a structure of a reactive power compensation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the sensing unit 110 for detecting the power factor of the three-phase power supply path;
  • An invalid compensation switching unit (140) for compensating reactive power in power supplied to the three-phase power supply path by adjusting the number of capacitors connected to each phase of the three-phase power supply path;
  • a switching controller 160 that controls the switching operation of the invalid compensation switching unit according to the detected power factor.
  • the invalid compensation switching unit 140 may include two or more unit adjustment modules, and each unit adjustment module may include a compensation capacitor C1 ⁇ connected between a neutral supply line and a power supply path of each phase of the load 10. C15); A semiconductor switch S1 to S15 for switching the connection of the compensation capacitors C1 to C15; And harmonic attenuation reactors L1 to L15 connected in series to the semiconductor switches S1 to S15.
  • the illustrated reactive power compensation device is applied to a three-phase AC power environment, and it is natural that the idea of the present invention can be applied to a single-phase AC environment.
  • the reactive power of the AC power is generated from the power factor decrease due to the phase difference between the voltage and the current.
  • the reactive power of the AC power may be calculated using the phase difference value, and the detection unit 110 may sense the voltage and the current on the power supply path. Means may be included.
  • the sensing unit 110 may sense only the voltage and current of one of the R, S, and T phases, but when the three-phase balancing is unstable, R, S, and T The voltage and current of both phases can be sensed.
  • a simple voltage detection node can be implemented as the voltage sensing means
  • a current transformer can be implemented as the current sensing means.
  • the reactive power compensating device of this embodiment adjusts the power factor in such a manner as to add a suitable capacitance component between the power supply path and the neutral line of each phase of the load 10 according to the measured power factor.
  • a triac is applied to the semiconductor switches S1 to S15 in the drawing, other semiconductor switch elements such as a thyristor, a power MOS transistor, a power junction transistor, and the like may be applied.
  • the compensation capacitors C1 to C15 of each unit adjustment module have different capacitance values, and more specifically, have capacitance values that increase by twice. In another implementation, the compensation capacitors of each unit adjustment module may have the same capacitance value.
  • the capacitance applying operation is smoothed between the power supply path and the neutral line of each phase by the semiconductor switches S1 to S15.
  • the switching harmonics caused by the adjustment are reduced, and smaller harmonic attenuation reactors L1 to L15 can be applied.
  • changing the capacitance value requires a smaller number of switching to reduce harmonic generation.
  • five compensation capacitors C1, C4, C7, C10, and C13 (C2, C5, C8, C11, C14) (C3, C6) between the power supply path and the neutral line of each phase , C9, C12, C15 may be connected.
  • the capacitance values of the five compensation capacitors C1, C4, C7, C10, and C13 (C2, C5, C8, C11, and C14) (C3, C6, C9, C12, and C15) have a double relationship with each other.
  • the capacitance value of the smallest compensation capacitor is U
  • the other four compensation capacitors have capacitance values of 2U, 4U, 8U, and 14U, respectively.
  • the switching controller 160 controls the invalid compensation switching unit 140 to adjust the power factor with respect to the power factor value measured by the sensing unit 110, and corresponds to a power factor measured according to a predetermined rule.
  • the power factor may be adjusted by assigning a capacitance value or by changing the capacitance value in a feedback control manner.
  • the information on the predetermined rule may be stored in a storage space inside the switching controller 160 or another separate storage means.
  • one field may store a table of power factor values, a capacitance value to be given by another field, and on / off combinations of switches to which another field is assigned to a capacitance value.
  • an increase (or decrease) of a capacitance value to be provided between the power supply path and the neutral line of each phase may be defined.
  • the prescribed increment may be stored in a storage space inside the switching controller 160 or another separate storage means.
  • the operation of the load 10 to be driven may be maximized to maximize electricity savings and efficiency. That is, the switching controller 160 may instantaneously control the power factor to be close to 1.0 using the semiconductor switches S1 to S15 to increase efficiency.
  • the detector 110 and the switching controller 160 may detect the power factor for each of the R, S, and T phases.
  • the switching controller 160 may instantaneously control to compensate reactive power for the neutral point only for a specific phase having a reduced power factor.
  • the switching controller 160 may sequentially control to compensate reactive power of each phase with respect to the neutral point.
  • instantaneous means that the switching / control is instantaneously performed. When switching or control is performed within one cycle of the square wave of the AC power from the time when the cause occurs, it may be regarded as instantaneous.
  • the turn-on time when a driving pulse is applied to a gate is very short compared to one cycle of an AC power source having a general frequency, and thus instantaneous control is possible as described above.
  • Each illustrated unit adjustment module includes a harmonic attenuation reactor connected in series with the semiconductor switch element in order to suppress harmonics generated during switching of the semiconductor switch element, but switching when the voltage and / or current is a large value is a large harmonic. Can be generated.
  • the reactive power compensation apparatus of the present embodiment can apply a more improved control method of switching the semiconductor switch A when the power sine wave becomes zero.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates waveforms of voltages and currents on a power supply path for explaining an improved switching control method of performing switching at the zero point
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the improved switching control method.
  • FIG. 3A is a voltage and current of AC power in a normal power supply environment
  • FIG. 3B is a voltage and current of AC power supplied when reactive power occurs (that is, power factor drop occurs). to be. It can be seen from FIG. 3 (b) that a delay occurs in the current waveform compared to the voltage waveform.
  • the harmonic attenuation reactors L1 to L15 connected in series with the semiconductor switch have a greater blocking effect on voltage than current.
  • the switching control unit may instantaneously control to compensate for reactive power with respect to the neutral point even in a specific phase in which the power factor of the three phases is lowered.
  • the reactive power compensation method according to the improved embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is as follows.
  • the power factor is calculated using the voltage and the current (S120).
  • step S110 If the calculated power factor is greater than 0.99 and less than or equal to 1.0, the process returns to step S110 again to monitor the voltage and current of the power supply path, and calculates the power factor of step S120 (S130).
  • the compensation capacitance is determined (S140).
  • a capacitor to be connected to the power supply path is selected according to the determined compensation capacitance.
  • the semiconductor switch When the voltage reaches 0 (S160), the semiconductor switch is turned on to connect the selected compensation capacitor (S170).
  • the illustrated reactive power compensation method may be performed by the switching controller 160 of the reactive power compensation device of FIG. 2.
  • the monitoring of the voltage and current (S110) may be performed by periodically receiving the detection value of the sensing unit 110 of FIG. 2.
  • the steps S130 and S160 may be performed by checking the periodically input current value or voltage value.
  • the determining of the compensation capacitance may be performed by simply determining the compensation capacitance corresponding to the absolute value of the voltage, or calculating the amount of reactive power (ie, power factor drop) based on the voltage / current monitored accumulation values. And determining a compensation capacitance corresponding to the calculated value.
  • an absolute value of a voltage when one field stored in a storage space inside the switching controller 160 or another separate storage means is 0 current, and another field is provided. This may be performed by referring to a table composed of capacitance values to be performed.
  • the determining of the compensation capacitance (S140) may be stored in a storage space inside the switching controller 160 or another separate storage means, and defined according to the absolute voltage value at the zero current. It can be performed using an increase (or decrease) in the capacitance value to be provided between the power supply path and the neutral line of each phase.
  • the determining of the compensation capacitance may include a power factor value at which one field is stored in a storage space inside the switching controller 160 or another separate storage means, and a capacitance value to be given by another field. It can be performed by referring to the table.
  • the determining of the compensation capacitance (S140) may be performed in the storage space inside the switching controller 160 or another separate storage means, and the respective phases defined according to the reduced power factor value. It may be performed using an increase (or decrease) in the capacitance value to be provided between the power supply path and the neutral line.
  • Selecting capacitors to be connected to the power supply path (S150) may be stored in a storage space inside the switching control unit 160 or another separate storage means, and a capacitance value to be given by one field and a capacitance value by another field. It can be performed by referring to a table consisting of on / off combinations of switches to be given.
  • Connecting the selected capacitors to the power supply path (S170) may be performed in a manner in which the switching controller 160 of FIG. 2 controls on / off semiconductor switches of the invalid compensation switching unit 140.
  • the reactive power compensation operation is performed at c2 and c4 in FIG. 3B.
  • the reactive power compensation operation is performed only at the c2 time point or the c4 time point.
  • the reactive power compensation method shown in FIG. 4 is performed on the supply path of single-phase AC power, on the supply path of all three-phase AC power, or independently for each R, S, T phase of three-phase AC power. Can be performed.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil de compensation de puissance réactive qui comprend : une unité de détection pour détecter le facteur de puissance d'un chemin d'alimentation électrique triphasée ; une unité de commutation de compensation réactive pour régler le nombre de condensateurs couplés à chaque phase du chemin d'alimentation triphasée et pour compenser la puissance réactive de la puissance fournie au chemin d'alimentation électrique triphasée ; et une unité de commande de commutation pour commander une opération de commutation de l'unité de commutation de compensation réactive en fonction du facteur de puissance détecté, l'unité de commutation de compensation réactive pouvant comprendre des condensateurs de compensation se connectant entre les chemins d'alimentation électrique des phases respectives et une ligne neutre ; un commutateur à semi-conducteur pour commuter la connexion des condensateurs de compensation ; et au moins deux modules de commande d'unité comprenant une bobine de réactance de réduction des harmoniques qui est connectée en série avec le commutateur à semi-conducteur.
PCT/KR2014/010658 2014-10-14 2014-11-07 Appareil de compensation de puissance réactive et procédé de compensation de puissance réactive WO2016060319A1 (fr)

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KR1020140138462A KR101642719B1 (ko) 2014-10-14 2014-10-14 무효 전력 보상 장치 및 무효 전력 보상 방법
KR10-2014-0138462 2014-10-14

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KR20170135324A (ko) 2016-05-31 2017-12-08 엘에스산전 주식회사 무효 전력 보상 시스템 및 그 방법
KR101898228B1 (ko) * 2016-11-23 2018-09-12 주식회사 큐아이티 부하 임피던스 보상 방법 및 장치
KR102142637B1 (ko) * 2018-12-28 2020-08-07 한국전력기술 주식회사 전동기 단독부하에 무정전 전력을 공급하는 무정전 전원 장치 및 제어 회로
KR102532122B1 (ko) * 2022-06-10 2023-05-11 팽진혁 정현파 교류의 개별 상 단위별로 실시간 무효전력 보상이 가능한 배전기기

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