WO2016060145A1 - Air conditioner - Google Patents

Air conditioner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016060145A1
WO2016060145A1 PCT/JP2015/078983 JP2015078983W WO2016060145A1 WO 2016060145 A1 WO2016060145 A1 WO 2016060145A1 JP 2015078983 W JP2015078983 W JP 2015078983W WO 2016060145 A1 WO2016060145 A1 WO 2016060145A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermo
control device
time
heat exchanger
frost
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2015/078983
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
有賀徹
Original Assignee
シャープ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by シャープ株式会社 filed Critical シャープ株式会社
Priority to CN201580044377.XA priority Critical patent/CN106574798B/en
Priority to EP15850569.3A priority patent/EP3208549B1/en
Publication of WO2016060145A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016060145A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air conditioner that performs a defrosting operation when frost formation is detected in an outdoor heat exchanger during a heating operation.
  • frost forms on the outdoor heat exchanger during heating operation, which adversely affects heat exchange. Therefore, detection of frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger is performed by detecting the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger. When frost formation is detected, a defrosting operation is performed.
  • Patent Document 1 describes that a mask time for preventing the defrosting operation from being performed for a predetermined time from the operation of the compressor is set.
  • Defrosting operation is not performed during the mask time after the compressor is operating.
  • a thermo-off for stopping the compressor is performed, and when the room temperature decreases for a while, a thermo-on for operating the compressor is performed.
  • thermo-off and thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle, the defrosting operation is not performed because the mask time is set. Therefore, even if frost forms on the outdoor heat exchanger, the frost is not removed, the outdoor heat exchanger freezes, and heating operation cannot be performed.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner that can defrost an outdoor heat exchanger when thermo-off and thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle.
  • An air conditioner of the present invention includes a frost detection unit that detects frost formation on an outdoor heat exchanger during heating operation, and a control device that performs a defrost operation when frost formation is detected. Disables the detection of frost for a predetermined mask time from the start of the heating operation, and enables the detection of frost after the elapse of the mask time.
  • the control device forcibly performs the defrosting operation when the thermo-off for stopping the compressor during the heating operation and the thermo-on for operating the stopped compressor are repeatedly performed.
  • the control device performs the defrosting operation when the thermo-ON has been performed for a predetermined number of times within the specified time set to the mask time or longer. That is, when starting the thermo-off, the control device checks whether the operation time of the previous thermo-on is equal to or less than the specified time, counts when it is equal to or less than the specified time, and performs the defrosting operation when the count reaches a predetermined number of times. Do. Based on the operation time of the thermo-on, it is determined whether the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle.
  • thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle, the defrosting operation is forcibly performed, so that the outdoor heat exchanger cannot be defrosted in such a situation. Can be eliminated.
  • Air conditioner control block diagram Flowchart when performing the defrosting operation of the first embodiment Flowchart when performing the defrosting operation of the second embodiment Flowchart when performing the defrosting operation of the third embodiment Flowchart when performing the defrosting operation of the fourth embodiment
  • the air conditioner of 1st Embodiment is shown in FIG.
  • the heat pump type air conditioner is configured by connecting an outdoor unit 1 and an indoor unit 2 by piping and wiring.
  • the outdoor unit 1 includes a compressor 3, a four-way valve 4, an outdoor heat exchanger 5, an expansion valve 6, and an outdoor fan 7.
  • the indoor unit 2 includes an indoor heat exchanger 8 and an indoor fan 9.
  • the compressor 3, the four-way valve 4, the outdoor heat exchanger 5, the expansion valve 6, and the indoor heat exchanger 8 are connected by piping to form a refrigerant circuit.
  • a two-way valve 10 and a three-way valve 11 are provided in the outdoor unit.
  • a two-way valve 10 is interposed in a pipe connecting the expansion valve 6 and the indoor heat exchanger 8, and a three-way valve 11 is interposed in a pipe connecting the four-way valve 4 and the indoor heat exchanger 8.
  • the refrigerant circulates through the refrigerant circuit.
  • a heating or cooling refrigeration cycle is formed.
  • the refrigerant circulates in the order of the compressor 3, the four-way valve 4, the outdoor heat exchanger 5, the expansion valve 6, and the indoor heat exchanger 8.
  • the refrigerant circulates in the order of the compressor 3, the four-way valve 4, the indoor heat exchanger 8, the expansion valve 6, and the outdoor heat exchanger 5.
  • the air conditioner includes a control device 12 that controls the refrigeration cycle and performs air conditioning operations such as cooling, heating, and dehumidification.
  • the air conditioner also includes a room temperature detector 13, an outside air temperature detector 14, an outdoor heat exchanger temperature detector 15 that detects the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5, and an indoor heat exchanger that detects the temperature of the indoor heat exchanger 8.
  • a temperature detector 16 is provided. Each of the temperature detectors 13 to 16 uses a temperature sensor such as a thermistor.
  • the control device 12 controls the rotational speed (operating frequency) of the compressor 3, the opening degree of the expansion valve 6, the outdoor fan 7 according to the instructed operation mode. And the rotation speed of the indoor fan 9 are respectively controlled.
  • the control device 12 includes an indoor control unit provided in the indoor unit 2 and an outdoor control unit provided in the outdoor unit 1.
  • the indoor control unit and the outdoor control unit are connected so as to be communicable with each other, and both cooperate to control operations of the indoor unit 2 and the outdoor unit 1.
  • the outdoor control unit collectively transmits detection signals input from the plurality of temperature detectors 14 and 15 to the indoor control unit, and the indoor control unit manages the detected temperature information.
  • the outside air temperature detector 14 and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature detector 15 constitute a frost detection section.
  • the frost detection part performs a frost detection operation during the air conditioning operation.
  • the frosting detection unit detects that the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is frosted.
  • the control device 12 determines the suitability of the defrosting operation based on the output of the frost detection unit. That is, when the difference between the outside air temperature and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the control device 12 determines that the defrosting conditions are met, and the outside air temperature and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 When the difference is smaller than the predetermined value, it is determined that the defrosting condition is not met. When the detection result matches the defrost condition, the control device 12 performs the defrost operation. As the defrosting operation, reverse defrosting is performed. During the heating operation, the compressor is stopped and switched to the cooling operation. In addition, you may perform detection of frost formation based on the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5. FIG. When the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is equal to or lower than a specified temperature below the freezing point, it is determined that the defrosting condition is satisfied.
  • the control device 12 does not perform the defrosting operation until the mask time elapses from the start of operation. When the mask time has elapsed, the control device 12 determines whether or not the defrosting operation is necessary based on the output of the frosting detection unit.
  • thermo-off for stopping the compressor 3 is performed.
  • a thermo-on for operating the compressor 3 is performed.
  • the control device 12 invalidates the detection of frost for the mask time from the start of the operation of the compressor 3.
  • the control device 12 enables detection of frost formation.
  • thermo-ON is repeatedly performed before the mask time has elapsed
  • the defrosting operation is not performed during this time even if the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is frosted.
  • the control device 12 forcibly performs the defrosting operation when the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeatedly performed.
  • control device 12 When the control device 12 starts the thermo-off, it checks whether the operation time of the previous thermo-on is less than the specified time.
  • the specified time is set longer than the mask time. For example, when the mask time is 7 minutes, the specified time is 12 minutes.
  • the control device 12 performs a defrosting operation when a thermo-on for a specified time or less is performed a predetermined number of times.
  • the control device 12 confirms whether the room temperature meets the thermo-on condition (S1).
  • the thermo-on condition is that the room temperature is lower than the set temperature.
  • the compressor 3 starts operating in the heating cycle (S2).
  • the room temperature is equal to or higher than the set temperature, the compressor 3 remains stopped. At this time, the indoor fan 9 is driven and the air blowing operation is performed.
  • the control device 12 When the control device 12 performs the thermo-on, it confirms whether the room temperature meets the thermo-off condition (S3).
  • the thermo-off condition is that the room temperature is equal to or higher than the set temperature.
  • the control device 12 checks the operation time from the start of the heating operation. The control device 12 confirms whether the operation time has passed the specified time (7 minutes) (S4). During this time, frost detection is disabled. When the operation time has passed the mask time, the control device 12 enables frost detection and starts detection (S5).
  • the control device 12 validates the frost detection and confirms whether the detection result matches the defrost condition (S6). When the detection result matches the defrost condition, the control device 12 performs a normal defrost operation (S7). Also, the count of the number of thermo-on operations described later is reset.
  • the control device 12 stops the compressor 3 (S8). Then, the control device 12 checks the operation time of the thermo-on (S9). When the operation time is equal to or shorter than the specified time (12 minutes), the control device 12 increments the count of the thermo-on operation count by 1 and stores this count in the memory (S10). The control device 12 confirms whether the count of the number of operations has reached a predetermined number, for example, 6 (S11).
  • the control device 12 confirms whether the room temperature meets the thermo-on condition while continuing the thermo-off (S1).
  • the control device 12 When the room temperature decreases due to the thermo-off and the thermo-on condition is satisfied, the control device 12 operates the compressor 3 (S2). Room temperature rises with thermo-on. When the room temperature becomes higher than the set temperature, the thermo-off condition is satisfied (S3), and the compressor 3 is stopped (S8). The control device 12 checks the operation time of the last thermo-on (S9). When the operation time is equal to or shorter than the specified time (12 minutes), the control device 12 increments the thermo-ON operation count by 1 (S10) and checks whether the count has reached a predetermined number (S11).
  • the operating time of the thermo-on may exceed the mask time even if it is less than the specified time.
  • the control device 12 invalidates the frost detection. Therefore, even if the thermo-ON operation time exceeds the mask time, the control device 12 does not determine whether or not the defrosting operation is necessary.
  • the control device 12 validates the frosting detection and determines whether or not the defrosting operation is necessary.
  • the control device 12 performs a normal defrost operation. At this time, the count is reset.
  • the control device 12 confirms whether the room temperature meets the thermo-off condition. At this time, the count is not reset.
  • the control device 12 When the count reaches the predetermined number, the control device 12 forcibly starts the defrosting operation (S12). Further, the control device 12 resets the count of the thermo-ON operation count to zero. In this defrosting operation, “careful defrosting” is performed. That is, the heating cycle in which the rotation speed of the compressor 3 is increased and the indoor fan 9 is stopped is executed. When the temperature of the indoor heat exchanger 8 reaches a predetermined temperature, for example, 54 ° C., the heating cycle is switched to the cooling cycle. Thereby, heat is stored in the indoor heat exchanger 9, and after switching to the cooling cycle, the high-temperature refrigerant flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 5, so that defrosting can be performed quickly and reliably. When the defrosting operation is completed, the control device 12 switches to the heating cycle and continues the heating operation.
  • a predetermined temperature for example, 54 ° C.
  • the defrosting operation is forcibly performed, so that it is not possible to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger 5 despite the frost. Can do.
  • the thermo-off and the thermo-on are often repeated in a short cycle.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 5 may be frosted and the outdoor heat exchanger 5 may be frozen.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is reliably defrosted and the heating operation is stably continued. be able to.
  • thermo-on cycle varies depending on the outside temperature. Since the efficiency of heating operation does not increase as the outside air temperature decreases, it takes time for the room temperature to reach the set temperature when the room temperature decreases. As a result, the operation time of the thermo-on becomes longer. Conversely, when the outside air temperature is not so low, the operation time of the thermo-on is shortened. Therefore, the air conditioner counts the number of thermo-on operations based on the specified time corresponding to the outside air temperature, and determines whether or not the frosting operation is necessary. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • Control device 12 determines the specified time according to the outside air temperature.
  • the outside air temperature is high, it is set to a short prescribed time, and when the outside air temperature is low, it is set to a long prescribed time. For example, when the outside air temperature is ⁇ 5 ° C. or higher, it is set to 7 minutes, and when the outside air temperature is lower than ⁇ 5 ° C., it is set to 12 minutes.
  • the control device 12 monitors the outside air temperature based on the output of the outside air temperature detector 14 during the heating operation. As shown in FIG. 4, when the thermo-off is performed after the heating operation is started (S8), the control device 12 confirms the outside air temperature (S20) and sets a specified time according to the outside air temperature. When the outside air temperature is equal to or higher than ⁇ 5 ° C., the control device 12 checks the operation time of the last thermo-on based on the short specified time (7 minutes) (S21). When the outside air temperature is lower than ⁇ 5 ° C., the control device 12 checks the operation time of the last thermo-on based on the long specified time (12 minutes) (S22).
  • the control device 12 increments the thermo-on count by 1 (S10) and confirms whether the count has reached a predetermined number (S11).
  • the control device 12 does not count up and checks whether the room temperature meets the thermo-on condition (S1).
  • thermo-on operation time exceeds the specified time. Thereby, the time until it is determined whether or not the defrosting operation is necessary becomes longer. During this time, frost attached to the outdoor heat exchanger 5 grows and cannot be removed. Therefore, when the outside air temperature is low, by changing the specified time to a long time, even if the operating time becomes long when the outside air temperature is low, it can be counted reliably, and the time until defrosting operation is performed. Can be shortened. Therefore, defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 can be performed before the frost grows.
  • thermo-ON when the outside air temperature is high, the operation time of thermo-ON is usually short. When the operation time of the thermo-on is prolonged, the outdoor heat exchanger 5 may be frosted. In this case, the operating time exceeds the specified time. If the specified time is set to a short time according to the outside air temperature, the operation time of the thermo-on exceeds the specified time, so that the frost detection becomes effective. When frost is formed, frost formation is detected, so defrosting can be performed.
  • the defrosting operation is forcibly performed when the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 5 may not be frosted.
  • the defrosting operation is unnecessary. Therefore, the air conditioner performs frost detection before performing the forced defrosting operation. That is, the heating operation is performed so that the frost detection is effective at the predetermined number of thermo-ons.
  • Other configurations are the same as those in the first or second embodiment.
  • the control device 12 performs the thermo-on so that the operation time exceeds the specified time when performing the heating operation by the thermo-on that is a predetermined number of times (six times). As shown in FIG. 5, when the number of thermo-on operations reaches five (S30), the control device 12 confirms whether the room temperature meets the thermo-on condition while continuing the thermo-off (S31).
  • the control device 12 When the thermo-on condition is satisfied, the control device 12 performs the sixth thermo-on.
  • the compressor 3 operates in the heating cycle (S32). At this time, the control device 12 forcibly performs the heating operation for a time longer than the specified time, for example, 13 minutes. Accordingly, since the operation time exceeds the specified time, the control device 12 validates the frost detection and determines whether or not the defrost operation is necessary (S33). That is, after the defrosting operation is completed, the control device 12 confirms whether the detection result by the frost detection unit matches the defrost condition (S6). When the detection result matches the defrosting condition, the control device 12 performs the defrosting operation by “careful defrosting” and resets the count (S12). When the detection result does not match the defrosting condition, the control device 12 resets the count (S34) and confirms whether the room temperature meets the thermo-on condition while continuing the thermo-off (S1).
  • thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle, frost formation is not detected, but if the defrosting operation is forcibly determined, the defrosting operation is performed if necessary. Done.
  • the defrosting operation is not performed, and an unnecessary defrosting operation can be prevented.
  • thermo-off and thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle, the detection of frost formation is invalidated.
  • the heating operation is performed by the thermo-on, if the room temperature is difficult to rise, the operation time of the thermo-on becomes long. In this case, frost may form on the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the efficiency of the heating operation may deteriorate. Therefore, the air conditioner detects the frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and performs the defrosting operation when the operation time of the thermo-on becomes long.
  • Other configurations are the same as those in the first to third embodiments.
  • the control device 12 When the operation time of the thermo-on exceeds the specified time, the control device 12 enables frost detection and determines whether or not the defrosting operation is necessary. As shown in FIG. 6, when the thermo-off is performed, the control device 12 checks the operation time of the previous thermo-on (S9). When the operation time is equal to or shorter than the specified time (12 minutes), the control device 12 increments the thermo-on operation count by 1 (S10) and checks whether the count has reached a predetermined number of times, for example, 6 times (S11). .
  • the control device 12 When the operation time of the thermo-on is longer than the specified time, the control device 12 resets the count (S40), enables frost detection, and starts frost detection (S41). The control device 12 confirms whether the detection result matches the defrost condition (S42). When the detection result matches the defrost condition, the control device 12 performs a normal defrost operation (S43). When the detection result does not match the defrosting condition, the control device 12 checks whether the room temperature matches the thermo-on condition (S1). If the room temperature meets the thermo-on condition, the control device 12 performs thermo-on and operates the compressor 3 in the heating cycle (S2).
  • thermo-on when the thermo-on is prolonged, frost detection is performed. If the outdoor heat exchanger 5 has frost formation, a defrosting operation is performed. Therefore, even if the thermo-on and the thermo-off are repeated, the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 can be reliably performed when defrosting is necessary.
  • the air conditioner of the present invention includes a frost detection unit that detects frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger 5 during the heating operation, and the control device 12 that performs the defrost operation when frost formation is detected.
  • the control device 12 invalidates the detection of frost for a predetermined mask time from the start of the heating operation, enables the detection of frost after the elapse of the mask time, and the control device 12 compresses during the heating operation.
  • the defrosting operation is forcibly performed.
  • the control device 12 performs the defrosting operation when the thermo-ON is performed a predetermined number of times or less, which is equal to or less than the specified time set to the mask time or longer. Thereby, defrosting can be reliably performed when thermo-on is repeated in a time shorter than the mask time.
  • the control device 12 checks whether the operation time of the immediately preceding thermo-on is equal to or less than the specified time, counts when the specified time is less than the specified time, and performs the defrosting operation when the count reaches a predetermined number of times. . Thereby, when the operation time of the thermo-on is longer than the specified time, it is excluded from the count. In this case, normal frost detection and defrosting operation can be performed, and defrosting can be performed.
  • the control device 12 determines the specified time according to the outside temperature, the specified time is shortened when the outside temperature is high, and the specified time is lengthened when the outside temperature is low. Therefore, since the operating time of the thermo-on is affected by the outside air temperature, by determining the specified time according to the outside air temperature, it is possible to reliably count the short-cycle thermo-on and to execute the forced defrosting operation as soon as possible.
  • the control device 12 resets the count when the thermo-ON longer than the specified time is performed. Thereby, since frost detection becomes effective, a defrost operation can be performed as needed.
  • thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated during the heating operation, it may be determined whether to perform the forced defrosting operation. That is, the control device 12 determines the possibility of frost formation based on the detection result of the frost detection unit when the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated. And the control apparatus 12 determines the necessity of forced defrost operation based on the possibility of frost formation. When there is no possibility of frost formation, it is determined that the defrosting operation is not necessary. In this case, frost detection is performed when the thermo-ON operation time exceeds the mask time. Further, when there is a possibility of frost formation, it is determined that the defrosting operation is necessary, and the operation according to each of the above embodiments is performed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

In heating mode, when a thermostat OFF operation is performed, the operating time period of the immediately preceding thermostat ON operation is checked. If this operating time period is equal to or less than a prescribed time period, the number of thermostat ON operations is counted. The number of thermostat ON operations is counted each time that thermostat ON and thermostat OFF operations are repeated. When the number of operations reaches a prescribed number, the system enters a forced defrost mode. When thermostat ON and thermostat OFF operations are repeated in a short cycle, defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger is carried out. Thus, by forcing the system into defrost mode under conditions in which thermostat ON and thermostat OFF operations are repeated in a short cycle, the adverse effect of a failure to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger under such conditions is eliminated.

Description

空気調和機Air conditioner
　本発明は、暖房運転時に室外熱交換器に着霜が検知されると、除霜運転を行う空気調和機に関する。 The present invention relates to an air conditioner that performs a defrosting operation when frost formation is detected in an outdoor heat exchanger during a heating operation.
　室内機と室外機とを有する空気調和機では、暖房運転中に室外熱交換器に霜が着き、熱交換に悪影響を及ぼす。そこで、室外熱交換器の温度を検出することにより、室外熱交換器への着霜の検知が行われる。着霜が検知されると、除霜運転が行われる。 In an air conditioner having an indoor unit and an outdoor unit, frost forms on the outdoor heat exchanger during heating operation, which adversely affects heat exchange. Therefore, detection of frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger is performed by detecting the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger. When frost formation is detected, a defrosting operation is performed.
　ところで、暖房運転が開始され、圧縮機が動作すると、冷媒が循環して、冷凍サイクルが形成される。圧縮機が駆動された当初は、圧縮機の引き込み圧力が大きいので、室外熱交換器が急激に冷やされる。そのため、室外熱交換器の温度に基づいて除霜運転を行うか否かが判断されると、圧縮機が動作するたびに、着霜していると誤検知され、除霜運転が行われてしまう。この不要な運転を回避するために、圧縮機の運転から所定時間の間、除霜運転を行わないようにするためのマスク時間が設定されることが特許文献１に記載されている。 By the way, when the heating operation is started and the compressor is operated, the refrigerant circulates to form a refrigeration cycle. When the compressor is driven, the outdoor heat exchanger is rapidly cooled because the suction pressure of the compressor is large. Therefore, when it is determined whether or not to perform the defrosting operation based on the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger, every time the compressor is operated, it is erroneously detected that frosting has occurred, and the defrosting operation is performed. End up. In order to avoid this unnecessary operation, Patent Document 1 describes that a mask time for preventing the defrosting operation from being performed for a predetermined time from the operation of the compressor is set.
特開平１０－２６７４７５号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-267475
　圧縮機が動作してからマスク時間の間は除霜運転が行われない。ところで、室温が設定温度に達すると、圧縮機を停止するサーモオフが行われ、しばらくして室温が下がると、圧縮機を動作させるサーモオンが行われる。短いサイクルでサーモオフとサーモオンが繰り返されると、マスク時間が設定されているため、除霜運転が行われない。そのため、室外熱交換器に霜が着いても、霜が取り除かれず、室外熱交換器が凍り付いてしまい、暖房運転ができなくなってしまう。 Defrosting operation is not performed during the mask time after the compressor is operating. By the way, when the room temperature reaches the set temperature, a thermo-off for stopping the compressor is performed, and when the room temperature decreases for a while, a thermo-on for operating the compressor is performed. When thermo-off and thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle, the defrosting operation is not performed because the mask time is set. Therefore, even if frost forms on the outdoor heat exchanger, the frost is not removed, the outdoor heat exchanger freezes, and heating operation cannot be performed.
　本発明は、上記に鑑み、サーモオフとサーモオンが短いサイクルで繰り返されるとき、室外熱交換器の除霜を行えるようにした空気調和機の提供を目的とする。 In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner that can defrost an outdoor heat exchanger when thermo-off and thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle.
　本発明の空気調和機は、暖房運転時に、室外熱交換器への着霜を検知する着霜検知部と、着霜が検知されたとき、除霜運転を行う制御装置とを備え、制御装置は、暖房運転の開始から所定のマスク時間だけ着霜の検知を無効とし、マスク時間の経過後、着霜の検知を有効とする。そして、制御装置は、暖房運転時に圧縮機を停止させるサーモオフと停止している圧縮機を動作させるサーモオンが繰り返し行われるとき、除霜運転を強制的に行う。 An air conditioner of the present invention includes a frost detection unit that detects frost formation on an outdoor heat exchanger during heating operation, and a control device that performs a defrost operation when frost formation is detected. Disables the detection of frost for a predetermined mask time from the start of the heating operation, and enables the detection of frost after the elapse of the mask time. The control device forcibly performs the defrosting operation when the thermo-off for stopping the compressor during the heating operation and the thermo-on for operating the stopped compressor are repeatedly performed.
　マスク時間が経過するまでにサーモオフとサーモオンが繰り返される場合、着霜の検知が無効とされるので、除霜運転は行われない。このような状況のときに、強制的に除霜運転が行われる。 場合 When the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated before the mask time elapses, the defrosting operation is not performed because frost detection is invalidated. In such a situation, the defrosting operation is forcibly performed.
　制御装置は、サーモオンの動作時間がマスク時間以上に設定された規定時間以下のサーモオンが所定回数行われたとき、除霜運転を行う。すなわち、制御装置は、サーモオフを開始したときに、直前のサーモオンの動作時間が規定時間以下かをチェックし、規定時間以下のとき、カウントし、カウントが所定回数に達したとき、除霜運転を行う。サーモオンの動作時間に基づいて、短いサイクルでのサーモオフとサーモオンの繰り返しが判断される。 The control device performs the defrosting operation when the thermo-ON has been performed for a predetermined number of times within the specified time set to the mask time or longer. That is, when starting the thermo-off, the control device checks whether the operation time of the previous thermo-on is equal to or less than the specified time, counts when it is equal to or less than the specified time, and performs the defrosting operation when the count reaches a predetermined number of times. Do. Based on the operation time of the thermo-on, it is determined whether the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle.
　本発明によると、サーモオフとサーモオンが短いサイクルで繰り返される状況になったときに、強制的に除霜運転を行うことにより、このような状況では室外熱交換器の除霜を行えないといった弊害をなくすことができる。 According to the present invention, when the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle, the defrosting operation is forcibly performed, so that the outdoor heat exchanger cannot be defrosted in such a situation. Can be eliminated.
本発明の空気調和機の冷凍サイクルの概略構成図Schematic configuration diagram of the refrigeration cycle of the air conditioner of the present invention 空気調和機の制御ブロック図Air conditioner control block diagram 第１実施形態の除霜運転を行うときのフローチャートFlowchart when performing the defrosting operation of the first embodiment 第２実施形態の除霜運転を行うときのフローチャートFlowchart when performing the defrosting operation of the second embodiment 第３実施形態の除霜運転を行うときのフローチャートFlowchart when performing the defrosting operation of the third embodiment 第４実施形態の除霜運転を行うときのフローチャートFlowchart when performing the defrosting operation of the fourth embodiment
（第１実施形態）
　第１実施形態の空気調和機を図１に示す。ヒートポンプ式の空気調和機は、室外機１と室内機２とが配管および配線により接続されて構成される。室外機１は、圧縮機３、四方弁４、室外熱交換器５、膨張弁６、室外ファン７を備える。室内機２は、室内熱交換器８、室内ファン９を備える。圧縮機３、四方弁４、室外熱交換器５、膨張弁６、室内熱交換器８が配管により接続されて冷媒回路が形成される。室内機２の配管と室外機１の配管を接続するために、室外機に二方弁１０および三方弁１１が設けられる。膨張弁６と室内熱交換器８とを接続する配管に、二方弁１０が介装され、四方弁４と室内熱交換器８とを接続する配管に、三方弁１１が介装される。 (First embodiment)
The air conditioner of 1st Embodiment is shown in FIG. The heat pump type air conditioner is configured by connecting an outdoor unit 1 and an indoor unit 2 by piping and wiring. The outdoor unit 1 includes a compressor 3, a four-way valve 4, an outdoor heat exchanger 5, an expansion valve 6, and an outdoor fan 7. The indoor unit 2 includes an indoor heat exchanger 8 and an indoor fan 9. The compressor 3, the four-way valve 4, the outdoor heat exchanger 5, the expansion valve 6, and the indoor heat exchanger 8 are connected by piping to form a refrigerant circuit. In order to connect the piping of the indoor unit 2 and the piping of the outdoor unit 1, a two-way valve 10 and a three-way valve 11 are provided in the outdoor unit. A two-way valve 10 is interposed in a pipe connecting the expansion valve 6 and the indoor heat exchanger 8, and a three-way valve 11 is interposed in a pipe connecting the four-way valve 4 and the indoor heat exchanger 8.
　圧縮機３が駆動されると、冷媒が冷媒回路を循環する。冷媒が冷媒回路を循環することにより、暖房あるいは冷房の冷凍サイクルが形成される。冷房サイクルでは、圧縮機３、四方弁４、室外熱交換器５、膨張弁６、室内熱交換器８の順に冷媒が循環する。暖房サイクルでは、圧縮機３、四方弁４、室内熱交換器８、膨張弁６、室外熱交換器５の順に冷媒が循環する。 When the compressor 3 is driven, the refrigerant circulates through the refrigerant circuit. As the refrigerant circulates through the refrigerant circuit, a heating or cooling refrigeration cycle is formed. In the cooling cycle, the refrigerant circulates in the order of the compressor 3, the four-way valve 4, the outdoor heat exchanger 5, the expansion valve 6, and the indoor heat exchanger 8. In the heating cycle, the refrigerant circulates in the order of the compressor 3, the four-way valve 4, the indoor heat exchanger 8, the expansion valve 6, and the outdoor heat exchanger 5.
　そして、図２に示すように、空気調和機は、冷凍サイクルを制御して、冷房、暖房、除湿などの空調運転を行う制御装置１２を備えている。また、空気調和機は、室温検出器１３、外気温検出器１４、室外熱交換器５の温度を検出する室外熱交換器温度検出器１５、室内熱交換器８の温度を検出する室内熱交換器温度検出器１６を備えている。各温度検出器１３～１６は、サーミスタなどの温度センサを用いる。 As shown in FIG. 2, the air conditioner includes a control device 12 that controls the refrigeration cycle and performs air conditioning operations such as cooling, heating, and dehumidification. The air conditioner also includes a room temperature detector 13, an outside air temperature detector 14, an outdoor heat exchanger temperature detector 15 that detects the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5, and an indoor heat exchanger that detects the temperature of the indoor heat exchanger 8. A temperature detector 16 is provided. Each of the temperature detectors 13 to 16 uses a temperature sensor such as a thermistor.
　制御装置１２は、指示された運転モードに応じて、各温度検出器１３～１６によって検出された温度に基づいて圧縮機３の回転数（運転周波数）、膨張弁６の開度、室外ファン７の回転数、室内ファン９の回転数をそれぞれ制御する。なお、制御装置１２は、室内機２に設けられた室内制御部と、室外機１に設けられた室外制御部とから構成される。室内制御部と室外制御部とは互いに通信可能に接続され、両者が連携して室内機２および室外機１の動作を制御する。室外制御部は、複数の温度検出器１４、１５から入力された検出信号をまとめて室内制御部に送信し、室内制御部が検出された温度情報を管理する。 Based on the temperature detected by each of the temperature detectors 13 to 16, the control device 12 controls the rotational speed (operating frequency) of the compressor 3, the opening degree of the expansion valve 6, the outdoor fan 7 according to the instructed operation mode. And the rotation speed of the indoor fan 9 are respectively controlled. The control device 12 includes an indoor control unit provided in the indoor unit 2 and an outdoor control unit provided in the outdoor unit 1. The indoor control unit and the outdoor control unit are connected so as to be communicable with each other, and both cooperate to control operations of the indoor unit 2 and the outdoor unit 1. The outdoor control unit collectively transmits detection signals input from the plurality of temperature detectors 14 and 15 to the indoor control unit, and the indoor control unit manages the detected temperature information.
　ここで、暖房運転が行われているとき、室外熱交換器５の温度が外気温より低くなり、室外熱交換器５の表面に霜が着く。そこで、室外熱交換器５への着霜を検知するために、外気温検出器１４と室外熱交換器温度検出器１５とにより着霜検知部が構成される。着霜検知部は、空調運転中、着霜の検知動作を行う。外気温と室外熱交換器５の温度との差が所定温度以上になったとき、着霜検知部は、室外熱交換器５に霜が着いていることを検知する。 Here, when the heating operation is performed, the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 becomes lower than the outside air temperature, and frost forms on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 5. Therefore, in order to detect frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger 5, the outside air temperature detector 14 and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature detector 15 constitute a frost detection section. The frost detection part performs a frost detection operation during the air conditioning operation. When the difference between the outside air temperature and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, the frosting detection unit detects that the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is frosted.
　制御装置１２は、この着霜検知部の出力に基づいて、除霜運転の適否を判断する。すなわち、制御装置１２は、外気温と室外熱交換器５の温度との差が所定値以上のとき、除霜条件に合致していると判断し、外気温と室外熱交換器５の温度との差が所定値より小さいとき、除霜条件に合致していないと判断する。制御装置１２は、検知結果が除霜条件に合致すると、除霜運転を行う。除霜運転として、リバース除霜が行われる。暖房運転中、圧縮機が停止され、冷房運転に切り替えられる。なお、着霜の検知は、室外熱交換器５の温度に基づいて行ってもよい。室外熱交換器５の温度が氷点下の規定温度以下になると、除霜条件が満たされたと判断される。 The control device 12 determines the suitability of the defrosting operation based on the output of the frost detection unit. That is, when the difference between the outside air temperature and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the control device 12 determines that the defrosting conditions are met, and the outside air temperature and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 When the difference is smaller than the predetermined value, it is determined that the defrosting condition is not met. When the detection result matches the defrost condition, the control device 12 performs the defrost operation. As the defrosting operation, reverse defrosting is performed. During the heating operation, the compressor is stopped and switched to the cooling operation. In addition, you may perform detection of frost formation based on the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5. FIG. When the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is equal to or lower than a specified temperature below the freezing point, it is determined that the defrosting condition is satisfied.
　運転開始により圧縮機３が動作すると、動作開始当初は室外熱交換器５の温度が大きく低下する。そのため、室外熱交換器５には霜が着いていないにもかかわらず、検知結果は除霜条件に合致する。そこで、暖房運転の開始から所定時間だけ着霜の検知を無効にするマスク時間が設定される。制御装置１２は、運転開始からマスク時間が経過するまでの間、除霜運転を行わない。マスク時間が経過すると、制御装置１２は、着霜検知部の出力に基づいて、除霜運転の要否を判断する。 When the compressor 3 is operated at the start of operation, the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is greatly reduced at the beginning of the operation. Therefore, although the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is not frosted, the detection result matches the defrosting condition. Therefore, a mask time for invalidating the detection of frost for a predetermined time from the start of the heating operation is set. The control device 12 does not perform the defrosting operation until the mask time elapses from the start of operation. When the mask time has elapsed, the control device 12 determines whether or not the defrosting operation is necessary based on the output of the frosting detection unit.
　また、暖房運転中、室温が設定温度になると、圧縮機３を停止させるサーモオフが行われる。しばらくして、室温が下がると、圧縮機３を動作させるサーモオンが行われる。サーモオンしたときにも、制御装置１２は、圧縮機３の動作開始からマスク時間の間、着霜の検知を無効にする。マスク時間が経過すると、制御装置１２は、着霜の検知を有効にする。 In addition, when the room temperature reaches the set temperature during the heating operation, a thermo-off for stopping the compressor 3 is performed. After a while, when the room temperature decreases, a thermo-on for operating the compressor 3 is performed. Even when the thermostat is turned on, the control device 12 invalidates the detection of frost for the mask time from the start of the operation of the compressor 3. When the mask time elapses, the control device 12 enables detection of frost formation.
　ところで、マスク時間が経過しない間にサーモオンが繰り返し行われると、この間、たとえ室外熱交換器５に霜が着いていても、除霜運転が行われない。サーモオンが短いサイクルで続くと、室外熱交換器５に着いた霜が成長し、室外熱交換器５が凍り付いてしまう。そこで、制御装置１２は、サーモオフとサーモオンが繰り返し行われるとき、除霜運転を強制的に行う。 By the way, if the thermo-ON is repeatedly performed before the mask time has elapsed, the defrosting operation is not performed during this time even if the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is frosted. When the thermo-on continues in a short cycle, frost that has arrived at the outdoor heat exchanger 5 grows, and the outdoor heat exchanger 5 freezes. Therefore, the control device 12 forcibly performs the defrosting operation when the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeatedly performed.
　制御装置１２は、サーモオフを開始したときに、直前のサーモオンの動作時間が規定時間以下かをチェックする。規定時間は、マスク時間以上に設定される。例えば、マスク時間が７分のとき、規定時間は１２分とされる。制御装置１２は、規定時間以下のサーモオンが所定回数行われたとき、除霜運転を行う。 When the control device 12 starts the thermo-off, it checks whether the operation time of the previous thermo-on is less than the specified time. The specified time is set longer than the mask time. For example, when the mask time is 7 minutes, the specified time is 12 minutes. The control device 12 performs a defrosting operation when a thermo-on for a specified time or less is performed a predetermined number of times.
　暖房運転が開始されると、図３に示すように、制御装置１２は、室温がサーモオン条件に適合するかを確認する（Ｓ１）。サーモオン条件は、室温が設定温度より低い場合とされる。室温が設定温度よりも低く、サーモオン条件に適合するとき、暖房サイクルで圧縮機３が動作を開始する（Ｓ２）。なお、室温が設定温度以上のとき、圧縮機３は停止したままである。このとき、室内ファン９は駆動され、送風運転が行われる。 When the heating operation is started, as shown in FIG. 3, the control device 12 confirms whether the room temperature meets the thermo-on condition (S1). The thermo-on condition is that the room temperature is lower than the set temperature. When the room temperature is lower than the set temperature and meets the thermo-on condition, the compressor 3 starts operating in the heating cycle (S2). When the room temperature is equal to or higher than the set temperature, the compressor 3 remains stopped. At this time, the indoor fan 9 is driven and the air blowing operation is performed.
　制御装置１２は、サーモオンを行うと、室温がサーモオフ条件に適合するかを確認する（Ｓ３）。サーモオフ条件は、室温が設定温度以上の場合とされる。室温が設定温度より低く、サーモオフ条件に適合しないとき、制御装置１２は、暖房運転開始からの運転時間をチェックする。制御装置１２は、運転時間が規定時間（７分）を経過したかを確認する（Ｓ４）。この間、着霜検知は無効にされている。運転時間がマスク時間を経過したとき、制御装置１２は、着霜検知を有効にして、検知を開始する（Ｓ５）。 When the control device 12 performs the thermo-on, it confirms whether the room temperature meets the thermo-off condition (S3). The thermo-off condition is that the room temperature is equal to or higher than the set temperature. When the room temperature is lower than the set temperature and does not meet the thermo-off condition, the control device 12 checks the operation time from the start of the heating operation. The control device 12 confirms whether the operation time has passed the specified time (7 minutes) (S4). During this time, frost detection is disabled. When the operation time has passed the mask time, the control device 12 enables frost detection and starts detection (S5).
　暖房運転中、制御装置１２は、着霜検知を有効にして、検知結果が除霜条件に合致するかを確認している（Ｓ６）。検知結果が除霜条件に合致すると、制御装置１２は、通常の除霜運転を行う（Ｓ７）。また、後述するサーモオンの動作回数のカウントがリセットされる。 During the heating operation, the control device 12 validates the frost detection and confirms whether the detection result matches the defrost condition (S6). When the detection result matches the defrost condition, the control device 12 performs a normal defrost operation (S7). Also, the count of the number of thermo-on operations described later is reset.
　室温がサーモオフ条件に適合するとき、制御装置１２は、圧縮機３を停止させる（Ｓ８）。そして、制御装置１２は、サーモオンの動作時間をチェックする（Ｓ９）。動作時間が規定時間（１２分）以下のとき、制御装置１２は、サーモオンの動作回数のカウントを＋１して、このカウントをメモリに記憶する（Ｓ１０）。制御装置１２は、動作回数のカウントが所定回数、例えば６回に達したかを確認する（Ｓ１１）。 When the room temperature meets the thermo-off condition, the control device 12 stops the compressor 3 (S8). Then, the control device 12 checks the operation time of the thermo-on (S9). When the operation time is equal to or shorter than the specified time (12 minutes), the control device 12 increments the count of the thermo-on operation count by 1 and stores this count in the memory (S10). The control device 12 confirms whether the count of the number of operations has reached a predetermined number, for example, 6 (S11).
　サーモオンの動作時間が規定時間より長いとき、あるいはカウントが所定回数より少ないとき、制御装置１２は、サーモオフを継続しながら、室温がサーモオン条件に適合するかを確認する（Ｓ１）。 When the operation time of the thermo-on is longer than the specified time or the count is less than the predetermined number, the control device 12 confirms whether the room temperature meets the thermo-on condition while continuing the thermo-off (S1).
　サーモオフにより、室温が低下していき、サーモオン条件が満たされると、制御装置１２は、圧縮機３を動作させる（Ｓ２）。サーモオンにより、室温が上がっていく。室温が設定温度より高くなると、サーモオフ条件が満たされ（Ｓ３）、圧縮機３が停止する（Ｓ８）。制御装置１２は、直前のサーモオンの動作時間をチェックする（Ｓ９）。動作時間が規定時間（１２分）以下のとき、制御装置１２は、サーモオンの動作回数のカウントを＋１して（Ｓ１０）、カウントが所定回数に達したかを確認する（Ｓ１１）。 When the room temperature decreases due to the thermo-off and the thermo-on condition is satisfied, the control device 12 operates the compressor 3 (S2). Room temperature rises with thermo-on. When the room temperature becomes higher than the set temperature, the thermo-off condition is satisfied (S3), and the compressor 3 is stopped (S8). The control device 12 checks the operation time of the last thermo-on (S9). When the operation time is equal to or shorter than the specified time (12 minutes), the control device 12 increments the thermo-ON operation count by 1 (S10) and checks whether the count has reached a predetermined number (S11).
　なお、サーモオンの動作時間は、規定時間以下であっても、マスク時間を越える場合がある。しかし、暖房運転の開始後にサーモオフとサーモオンが繰り返して行われたとき、制御装置１２は、着霜検知を無効にする。したがって、サーモオンの動作時間がマスク時間を越えても、制御装置１２は、除霜運転の要否を判断しない。ただし、サーモオンの動作時間が規定時間を越えたとき、制御装置１２は、着霜検知を有効にして、除霜運転の要否を判断する。着霜検知部による検知結果が除霜条件に合致したとき、制御装置１２は、通常の除霜運転を行う。このとき、カウントはリセットされる。除霜運転が不要なとき、サーモオンが続行され、制御装置１２は、室温がサーモオフ条件に適合するか確認する。このとき、カウントはリセットされない。 The operating time of the thermo-on may exceed the mask time even if it is less than the specified time. However, when the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeatedly performed after the start of the heating operation, the control device 12 invalidates the frost detection. Therefore, even if the thermo-ON operation time exceeds the mask time, the control device 12 does not determine whether or not the defrosting operation is necessary. However, when the operation time of the thermo-on exceeds the specified time, the control device 12 validates the frosting detection and determines whether or not the defrosting operation is necessary. When the detection result by the frost detection unit matches the defrost condition, the control device 12 performs a normal defrost operation. At this time, the count is reset. When the defrosting operation is unnecessary, the thermo-on is continued, and the control device 12 confirms whether the room temperature meets the thermo-off condition. At this time, the count is not reset.
　カウントが所定回数に達したとき、制御装置１２は、強制的に除霜運転を開始する（Ｓ１２）。また、制御装置１２は、サーモオンの動作回数のカウントをリセットして、０にする。この除霜運転では、「念入り除霜」が行われる。すなわち、圧縮機３の回転数を上げ、室内ファン９を停止した暖房サイクルが実行される。室内熱交換器８の温度が所定温度、例えば５４℃になると、暖房サイクルから冷房サイクルに切り替えられる。これにより、室内熱交換器９に熱が貯められ、冷房サイクルに切り替え後、高温の冷媒が室外熱交換器５に流れるので、確実にすばやく除霜を行うことができる。除霜運転が終了すると、制御装置１２は、暖房サイクルに切り替え、暖房運転を続行する。 When the count reaches the predetermined number, the control device 12 forcibly starts the defrosting operation (S12). Further, the control device 12 resets the count of the thermo-ON operation count to zero. In this defrosting operation, “careful defrosting” is performed. That is, the heating cycle in which the rotation speed of the compressor 3 is increased and the indoor fan 9 is stopped is executed. When the temperature of the indoor heat exchanger 8 reaches a predetermined temperature, for example, 54 ° C., the heating cycle is switched to the cooling cycle. Thereby, heat is stored in the indoor heat exchanger 9, and after switching to the cooling cycle, the high-temperature refrigerant flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 5, so that defrosting can be performed quickly and reliably. When the defrosting operation is completed, the control device 12 switches to the heating cycle and continues the heating operation.
　このように、サーモオフとサーモオンが短いサイクルで繰り返されるとき、強制的に除霜運転が行われるので、室外熱交換器５に霜が着いているにもかかわらず、除霜できないといった事態をなくすことができる。特に、外気温が低いときに、低負荷で暖房運転が行われる状況では、サーモオフとサーモオンが短いサイクルで繰り返されることが多い。このような状況では、室外熱交換器５に霜が着いて、室外熱交換器５が凍り付くおそれがあるが、室外熱交換器５の除霜が確実に行われ、暖房運転を安定して続けることができる。 As described above, when the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle, the defrosting operation is forcibly performed, so that it is not possible to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger 5 despite the frost. Can do. In particular, when the outside air temperature is low and the heating operation is performed with a low load, the thermo-off and the thermo-on are often repeated in a short cycle. In such a situation, the outdoor heat exchanger 5 may be frosted and the outdoor heat exchanger 5 may be frozen. However, the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is reliably defrosted and the heating operation is stably continued. be able to.
（第２実施形態）
　外気温に応じてサーモオンのサイクルが異なる。外気温が低いほど、暖房運転の効率が上がらないので、室温が下がると、室温が設定温度になるのに時間がかかる。その結果、サーモオンの動作時間が長くなる。逆に、外気温がそれほど低くないとき、サーモオンの動作時間は短くなる。そこで、空気調和機は、外気温に応じた規定時間に基づいて、サーモオンの動作回数をカウントして、着霜運転の要否を判断する。なお、その他の構成は、第１実施形態と同じである。 (Second Embodiment)
The thermo-on cycle varies depending on the outside temperature. Since the efficiency of heating operation does not increase as the outside air temperature decreases, it takes time for the room temperature to reach the set temperature when the room temperature decreases. As a result, the operation time of the thermo-on becomes longer. Conversely, when the outside air temperature is not so low, the operation time of the thermo-on is shortened. Therefore, the air conditioner counts the number of thermo-on operations based on the specified time corresponding to the outside air temperature, and determines whether or not the frosting operation is necessary. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
　制御装置１２は、外気温に応じて規定時間を決める。外気温が高いとき、短い規定時間に設定され、外気温が低いとき、長い規定時間に設定される。例えば、外気温が－５℃以上のとき、７分に設定され、外気温が－５℃より低いとき、１２分に設定される。 Control device 12 determines the specified time according to the outside air temperature. When the outside air temperature is high, it is set to a short prescribed time, and when the outside air temperature is low, it is set to a long prescribed time. For example, when the outside air temperature is −5 ° C. or higher, it is set to 7 minutes, and when the outside air temperature is lower than −5 ° C., it is set to 12 minutes.
　制御装置１２は、暖房運転中、外気温検出器１４の出力に基づいて外気温を監視している。図４に示すように、暖房運転が開始されてからサーモオフが行われる（Ｓ８）と、制御装置１２は、外気温を確認して（Ｓ２０）、外気温に応じた規定時間を設定する。外気温が－５℃以上のとき、制御装置１２は、短い規定時間（７分）に基づいて、直前のサーモオンの動作時間をチェックする（Ｓ２１）。外気温が－５℃より低いとき、制御装置１２は、長い規定時間（１２分）に基づいて、直前のサーモオンの動作時間をチェックする（Ｓ２２）。動作時間が規定時間以下のとき、制御装置１２は、サーモオンのカウントを＋１して（Ｓ１０）、カウントが所定回数に達したかを確認する（Ｓ１１）。サーモオンの動作時間が規定時間より長いとき、制御装置１２は、カウントアップせず、室温がサーモオン条件に適合するかを確認する（Ｓ１）。 The control device 12 monitors the outside air temperature based on the output of the outside air temperature detector 14 during the heating operation. As shown in FIG. 4, when the thermo-off is performed after the heating operation is started (S8), the control device 12 confirms the outside air temperature (S20) and sets a specified time according to the outside air temperature. When the outside air temperature is equal to or higher than −5 ° C., the control device 12 checks the operation time of the last thermo-on based on the short specified time (7 minutes) (S21). When the outside air temperature is lower than −5 ° C., the control device 12 checks the operation time of the last thermo-on based on the long specified time (12 minutes) (S22). When the operation time is equal to or shorter than the specified time, the control device 12 increments the thermo-on count by 1 (S10) and confirms whether the count has reached a predetermined number (S11). When the operation time of the thermo-on is longer than the specified time, the control device 12 does not count up and checks whether the room temperature meets the thermo-on condition (S1).
　外気温が低いとき、短い規定時間でサーモオンの動作回数をカウントしていると、サーモオンの動作時間が規定時間を越えると、カウントされなくなる。これにより、除霜運転の要否を判断するまでの時間が長くなり、この間に室外熱交換器５に着いた霜が成長して、霜を取り除けなくなってしまう。そこで、外気温が低いときには、規定時間を長い時間に変更することにより、外気温が低いときに動作時間が長くなっても、確実にカウントすることができ、除霜運転を行うまでの時間を短縮できる。したがって、霜が成長しないうちに室外熱交換器５の除霜を行える。 ∙ If the number of thermo-on operations is counted in a short specified time when the outside air temperature is low, it will not be counted if the thermo-on operation time exceeds the specified time. Thereby, the time until it is determined whether or not the defrosting operation is necessary becomes longer. During this time, frost attached to the outdoor heat exchanger 5 grows and cannot be removed. Therefore, when the outside air temperature is low, by changing the specified time to a long time, even if the operating time becomes long when the outside air temperature is low, it can be counted reliably, and the time until defrosting operation is performed. Can be shortened. Therefore, defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 can be performed before the frost grows.
　また、外気温が高いとき、通常サーモオンの動作時間は短い。サーモオンの動作時間が長引く場合、室外熱交換器５に着霜している可能性がある。この場合、動作時間が規定時間を越える。外気温に応じて規定時間が短い時間にされていると、サーモオンの動作時間が規定時間を越えるので、着霜検知が有効になる。着霜している場合、着霜が検知されるので、除霜を行うことができる。 Also, when the outside air temperature is high, the operation time of thermo-ON is usually short. When the operation time of the thermo-on is prolonged, the outdoor heat exchanger 5 may be frosted. In this case, the operating time exceeds the specified time. If the specified time is set to a short time according to the outside air temperature, the operation time of the thermo-on exceeds the specified time, so that the frost detection becomes effective. When frost is formed, frost formation is detected, so defrosting can be performed.
（第３実施形態）
　上記の実施形態では、サーモオフとサーモオンが短いサイクルで繰り返されたとき、強制的に除霜運転が行われる。しかし、このような状況でも、室外熱交換器５に着霜がない場合がある。この場合、除霜運転は不要である。そこで、空気調和機は、強制的な除霜運転を行う前に、着霜検知を行う。すなわち、所定回数となるサーモオンにおいて、着霜検知が有効となるように暖房運転が行われる。なお、その他の構成は、第１または第２実施形態と同じである。 (Third embodiment)
In the above embodiment, the defrosting operation is forcibly performed when the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle. However, even in such a situation, the outdoor heat exchanger 5 may not be frosted. In this case, the defrosting operation is unnecessary. Therefore, the air conditioner performs frost detection before performing the forced defrosting operation. That is, the heating operation is performed so that the frost detection is effective at the predetermined number of thermo-ons. Other configurations are the same as those in the first or second embodiment.
　制御装置１２は、所定回数（６回）となるサーモオンによる暖房運転を行うとき、規定時間を越える動作時間になるようにサーモオンを行う。図５に示すように、サーモオンの動作回数のカウントが５回になったとき（Ｓ３０）、制御装置１２は、サーモオフを継続しながら、室温がサーモオン条件に適合するかを確認する（Ｓ３１）。 The control device 12 performs the thermo-on so that the operation time exceeds the specified time when performing the heating operation by the thermo-on that is a predetermined number of times (six times). As shown in FIG. 5, when the number of thermo-on operations reaches five (S30), the control device 12 confirms whether the room temperature meets the thermo-on condition while continuing the thermo-off (S31).
　サーモオン条件が満たされると、制御装置１２は、６回目のサーモオンを行う。暖房サイクルで圧縮機３が動作する（Ｓ３２）。このとき、制御装置１２は、強制的に規定時間より長い時間、例えば１３分間暖房運転を行う。これにより、運転時間が規定時間を越えるので、制御装置１２は、着霜検知を有効にして、除霜運転の要否を判断する（Ｓ３３）。すなわち、制御装置１２は、除霜運転の終了後、着霜検知部による検知結果が除霜条件に合致するかを確認する（Ｓ６）。検知結果が除霜条件に合致すると、制御装置１２は、「念入り除霜」による除霜運転を行い、カウントをリセットする（Ｓ１２）。検知結果が除霜条件に合致しないとき、制御装置１２は、カウントをリセットして（Ｓ３４）、サーモオフを継続しながら、室温がサーモオン条件に適合するかを確認する（Ｓ１）。 When the thermo-on condition is satisfied, the control device 12 performs the sixth thermo-on. The compressor 3 operates in the heating cycle (S32). At this time, the control device 12 forcibly performs the heating operation for a time longer than the specified time, for example, 13 minutes. Accordingly, since the operation time exceeds the specified time, the control device 12 validates the frost detection and determines whether or not the defrost operation is necessary (S33). That is, after the defrosting operation is completed, the control device 12 confirms whether the detection result by the frost detection unit matches the defrost condition (S6). When the detection result matches the defrosting condition, the control device 12 performs the defrosting operation by “careful defrosting” and resets the count (S12). When the detection result does not match the defrosting condition, the control device 12 resets the count (S34) and confirms whether the room temperature meets the thermo-on condition while continuing the thermo-off (S1).
　このように、サーモオフとサーモオンが短いサイクルで繰り返されている間は、着霜の検知が行われないが、強制的に除霜運転の要否を判断することにより、必要ならば除霜運転が行われる。室外熱交換器５に霜が着いていないときには、除霜運転が行われず、不要な除霜運転が行われることを防止できる。 In this way, while the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle, frost formation is not detected, but if the defrosting operation is forcibly determined, the defrosting operation is performed if necessary. Done. When the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is not frosted, the defrosting operation is not performed, and an unnecessary defrosting operation can be prevented.
（第４実施形態）
　上記の実施形態では、サーモオフとサーモオンが短いサイクルで繰り返されているとき、着霜の検知が無効とされる。ここで、サーモオンにより暖房運転が行われているとき、室温が上がりにくいと、サーモオンの動作時間が長くなる。この場合、室外熱交換器５に霜が着いて、暖房運転の効率が悪くなっていることがある。そこで、空気調和機は、サーモオンの動作時間が長くなったとき、室外熱交換器５への着霜を検知して、除霜運転を行うようにする。なお、その他の構成は、第１～第３実施形態と同じである。 (Fourth embodiment)
In said embodiment, when thermo-off and thermo-on are repeated in a short cycle, the detection of frost formation is invalidated. Here, when the heating operation is performed by the thermo-on, if the room temperature is difficult to rise, the operation time of the thermo-on becomes long. In this case, frost may form on the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the efficiency of the heating operation may deteriorate. Therefore, the air conditioner detects the frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and performs the defrosting operation when the operation time of the thermo-on becomes long. Other configurations are the same as those in the first to third embodiments.
　制御装置１２は、サーモオンの動作時間が規定時間を越えたとき、着霜検知を有効にして、除霜運転の要否を判断する。図６に示すように、サーモオフが行われたとき、制御装置１２は、直前のサーモオンの動作時間をチェックする（Ｓ９）。動作時間が規定時間（１２分）以下のとき、制御装置１２は、サーモオンの動作回数のカウントを＋１して（Ｓ１０）、カウントが所定回数、例えば６回に達したかを確認する（Ｓ１１）。 When the operation time of the thermo-on exceeds the specified time, the control device 12 enables frost detection and determines whether or not the defrosting operation is necessary. As shown in FIG. 6, when the thermo-off is performed, the control device 12 checks the operation time of the previous thermo-on (S9). When the operation time is equal to or shorter than the specified time (12 minutes), the control device 12 increments the thermo-on operation count by 1 (S10) and checks whether the count has reached a predetermined number of times, for example, 6 times (S11). .
　サーモオンの動作時間が規定時間より長いとき、制御装置１２は、カウントをリセットして（Ｓ４０）、着霜検知を有効にし、着霜検知を開始する（Ｓ４１）。制御装置１２は、検知結果が除霜条件に合致するかを確認する（Ｓ４２）。検知結果が除霜条件に合致すると、制御装置１２は、通常の除霜運転を行う（Ｓ４３）。検知結果が除霜条件に合致しないとき、制御装置１２は、室温がサーモオン条件に適合するか確認する（Ｓ１）。室温がサーモオン条件に適合すれば、制御装置１２は、サーモオンを行い、暖房サイクルで圧縮機３を動作させる（Ｓ２）。 When the operation time of the thermo-on is longer than the specified time, the control device 12 resets the count (S40), enables frost detection, and starts frost detection (S41). The control device 12 confirms whether the detection result matches the defrost condition (S42). When the detection result matches the defrost condition, the control device 12 performs a normal defrost operation (S43). When the detection result does not match the defrosting condition, the control device 12 checks whether the room temperature matches the thermo-on condition (S1). If the room temperature meets the thermo-on condition, the control device 12 performs thermo-on and operates the compressor 3 in the heating cycle (S2).
　このように、サーモオンが長引いているとき、着霜検知が行われる。室外熱交換器５に着霜があれば、除霜運転が行われる。したがって、サーモオンとサーモオフが繰り返されていても、除霜が必要なときに、確実に室外熱交換器５の除霜を行うことができる。 Thus, when the thermo-on is prolonged, frost detection is performed. If the outdoor heat exchanger 5 has frost formation, a defrosting operation is performed. Therefore, even if the thermo-on and the thermo-off are repeated, the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 can be reliably performed when defrosting is necessary.
　以上の通り、本発明の空気調和機は、暖房運転時に、室外熱交換器５への着霜を検知する着霜検知部と、着霜が検知されたとき、除霜運転を行う制御装置１２とを備え、制御装置１２は、暖房運転の開始から所定のマスク時間だけ着霜の検知を無効とし、マスク時間の経過後、着霜の検知を有効とし、制御装置１２は、暖房運転時に圧縮機を停止させるサーモオフと停止している圧縮機３を動作させるサーモオンが繰り返し行われるとき、除霜運転を強制的に行う。 As described above, the air conditioner of the present invention includes a frost detection unit that detects frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger 5 during the heating operation, and the control device 12 that performs the defrost operation when frost formation is detected. The control device 12 invalidates the detection of frost for a predetermined mask time from the start of the heating operation, enables the detection of frost after the elapse of the mask time, and the control device 12 compresses during the heating operation. When the thermo-off for stopping the machine and the thermo-on for operating the stopped compressor 3 are repeatedly performed, the defrosting operation is forcibly performed.
　サーモオンからサーモオフまで短いサイクルで行われたとき、マスク時間により着霜検知は行われない。しかし、サーモオフとサーモオンが短いサイクルで繰り返し行われるときに、強制的に除霜運転を行うことにより、この間に室外熱交換器に着いた霜が成長して、室外熱交換器５が凍り付くといった事態になることを防止できる。 When frosting is performed in a short cycle from thermo-on to thermo-off, frost detection is not performed due to the mask time. However, when the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeatedly performed in a short cycle, the defrosting operation is forcibly performed, so that frost attached to the outdoor heat exchanger grows during this time, and the outdoor heat exchanger 5 freezes. Can be prevented.
　制御装置１２は、サーモオンの動作時間がマスク時間以上に設定された規定時間以下のサーモオンが所定回数行われたとき、除霜運転を行う。これにより、マスク時間より短い時間でサーモオンが繰り返されるときに、除霜を確実に行うことができる。 The control device 12 performs the defrosting operation when the thermo-ON is performed a predetermined number of times or less, which is equal to or less than the specified time set to the mask time or longer. Thereby, defrosting can be reliably performed when thermo-on is repeated in a time shorter than the mask time.
　制御装置１２は、サーモオフを開始したときに、直前のサーモオンの動作時間が規定時間以下かをチェックし、規定時間以下のとき、カウントし、カウントが所定回数に達したとき、除霜運転を行う。これにより、サーモオンの動作時間が規定時間より長い場合はカウントから除外される。この場合、通常の着霜検知および除霜運転が可能となり、除霜を行うことができる。 When the thermo-off is started, the control device 12 checks whether the operation time of the immediately preceding thermo-on is equal to or less than the specified time, counts when the specified time is less than the specified time, and performs the defrosting operation when the count reaches a predetermined number of times. . Thereby, when the operation time of the thermo-on is longer than the specified time, it is excluded from the count. In this case, normal frost detection and defrosting operation can be performed, and defrosting can be performed.
　制御装置１２は、外気温に応じて規定時間を決め、外気温が高いとき、規定時間が短くされ、外気温が低いとき、規定時間が長くされる。これにより、サーモオンの動作時間は外気温の影響を受けるので、外気温に応じて規定時間を決めることにより、短いサイクルのサーモオンを確実にカウントでき、できるだけ早く強制的な除霜運転を実行できる。 The control device 12 determines the specified time according to the outside temperature, the specified time is shortened when the outside temperature is high, and the specified time is lengthened when the outside temperature is low. Thereby, since the operating time of the thermo-on is affected by the outside air temperature, by determining the specified time according to the outside air temperature, it is possible to reliably count the short-cycle thermo-on and to execute the forced defrosting operation as soon as possible.
　制御装置１２は、規定時間より長いサーモオンが行われると、カウントをリセットする。これにより、着霜検知が有効になるので、必要に応じて除霜運転を行うことができる。 The control device 12 resets the count when the thermo-ON longer than the specified time is performed. Thereby, since frost detection becomes effective, a defrost operation can be performed as needed.
　なお、本発明は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲内で上記実施形態に多くの修正および変更を加え得ることは勿論である。暖房運転時にサーモオフとサーモオンが繰り返されるとき、強制的な除霜運転を行うか否かを決めてもよい。すなわち、制御装置１２は、サーモオフとサーモオンが繰り返されているとき、着霜検知部の検知結果に基づいて、着霜の可能性を判断する。そして、制御装置１２は、着霜の可能性に基づいて強制的な除霜運転の要否を決める。着霜の可能性がないとき、除霜運転の必要はないと判断される。この場合、サーモオンの動作時間がマスク時間を越えたときに着霜検知が行われる。また、着霜の可能性があるとき、除霜運転は必要であると判断され、上記の各実施形態に沿った運転が行われる。 In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, Of course, many corrections and changes can be added to the said embodiment within the scope of the present invention. When the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated during the heating operation, it may be determined whether to perform the forced defrosting operation. That is, the control device 12 determines the possibility of frost formation based on the detection result of the frost detection unit when the thermo-off and the thermo-on are repeated. And the control apparatus 12 determines the necessity of forced defrost operation based on the possibility of frost formation. When there is no possibility of frost formation, it is determined that the defrosting operation is not necessary. In this case, frost detection is performed when the thermo-ON operation time exceeds the mask time. Further, when there is a possibility of frost formation, it is determined that the defrosting operation is necessary, and the operation according to each of the above embodiments is performed.
　　　　１　　室外機
　　　　２　　室内機
　　　　３　　圧縮機
　　　　４　　四方弁
　　　　５　　室外熱交換器
　　　　６　　膨張弁
　　　　７　　室外ファン
　　　　８　　室内熱交換器
　　　　９　　室内ファン
　　　１２　　制御装置
　　　１３　　室温検出器
　　　１４　　外気温検出器
　　　１５　　室外熱交換器温度検出器
　　　１６　　室内熱交換器温度検出器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outdoor unit 2 Indoor unit 3 Compressor 4 Four-way valve 5 Outdoor heat exchanger 6 Expansion valve 7 Outdoor fan 8 Indoor heat exchanger 9 Indoor fan 12 Controller 13 Room temperature detector 14 Outdoor temperature detector 15 Outdoor heat exchanger temperature detection 16 Indoor heat exchanger temperature detector

Claims (5)

  1. 暖房運転時に、室外熱交換器への着霜を検知する着霜検知部と、着霜が検知されたとき、除霜運転を行う制御装置とを備え、制御装置は、暖房運転の開始から所定のマスク時間だけ着霜の検知を無効とし、マスク時間の経過後、着霜の検知を有効とする空気調和機であって、制御装置は、暖房運転時に圧縮機を停止させるサーモオフと停止している圧縮機を動作させるサーモオンが繰り返し行われるとき、除霜運転を強制的に行うことを特徴とする空気調和機。 A frost detection unit that detects frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger during heating operation, and a control device that performs a defrost operation when frost formation is detected. The control device is predetermined from the start of the heating operation. The air conditioner disables the detection of frost during the mask time of the first time and enables the detection of frost after the elapse of the mask time, and the control device stops the thermo-off to stop the compressor during heating operation. An air conditioner characterized by forcibly performing a defrosting operation when a thermo-on for operating a compressor is repeatedly performed.
  2. 制御装置は、サーモオンの動作時間がマスク時間以上に設定された規定時間以下のサーモオンが所定回数行われたとき、除霜運転を行うことを特徴とする請求項１記載の空気調和機。 2. The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the control device performs a defrosting operation when the thermo-ON has been performed for a predetermined number of times less than a specified time set to a mask time or longer.
  3. 制御装置は、サーモオフを開始したときに、直前のサーモオンの動作時間が規定時間以下かをチェックし、規定時間以下のとき、カウントし、カウントが所定回数に達したとき、除霜運転を行うことを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の空気調和機。 When starting the thermo-off, the control device checks whether the operation time of the previous thermo-on is less than the specified time, counts when it is less than the specified time, and performs the defrosting operation when the count reaches a predetermined number of times. The air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2.
  4. 制御装置は、外気温に応じて規定時間を決め、外気温が高いとき、規定時間が短くされ、外気温が低いとき、規定時間が長くされることを特徴とする請求項１～３のいずれかに記載の空気調和機。 4. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the control device determines the specified time according to the outside air temperature, the specified time is shortened when the outside air temperature is high, and the specified time is lengthened when the outside air temperature is low. The air conditioner described in Crab.
  5. 制御装置は、規定時間より長いサーモオンが行われると、カウントをリセットすることを特徴とする請求項３または４記載の空気調和機。
          5. The air conditioner according to claim 3, wherein the control device resets the count when a thermo-ON longer than a specified time is performed.
PCT/JP2015/078983 2014-10-15 2015-10-14 Air conditioner WO2016060145A1 (en)

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