WO2016045719A1 - Protection contre un rayonnement - Google Patents

Protection contre un rayonnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016045719A1
WO2016045719A1 PCT/EP2014/070339 EP2014070339W WO2016045719A1 WO 2016045719 A1 WO2016045719 A1 WO 2016045719A1 EP 2014070339 W EP2014070339 W EP 2014070339W WO 2016045719 A1 WO2016045719 A1 WO 2016045719A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiation
dose level
dose
acquiring
dosimeter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/070339
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Maria MAUTI
Bart Pierre Antoine Jozef Hoornaert
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips N.V.
Priority to PCT/EP2014/070339 priority Critical patent/WO2016045719A1/fr
Publication of WO2016045719A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016045719A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/02—Dosimeters

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to radiation protection, and particularly to a method, apparatus, and computer program product for evaluating radiation at a measurement point during a radiological procedure.
  • radiological procedures refers to those procedures that at least partially make use of radiation techniques, such as the X-ray system, to perform various diagnostic and treatment operations, such as receiving visual guidance with regard to the coronary vessels, which often replaces more complicated surgical procedures.
  • radiation techniques such as the X-ray system
  • diagnostic and treatment operations such as receiving visual guidance with regard to the coronary vessels, which often replaces more complicated surgical procedures.
  • coronary angiography is a common cardiology procedure comprising an X-ray examination of the blood vessels or chambers of the heart.
  • PCI percutaneous coronary intervention
  • Radiological procedures expose physicians, nurses, and possibly other staff to significant occupational exposure risks.
  • the physicians and nurses are always present in the room while acquiring image series.
  • An extreme situation is when the patient is having a cardiac arrest during a PCI and the physician may be required to continue to irradiate while the other members of the staff are doing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
  • CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  • This situation can result in very high equivalent doses.
  • the collective dose for the staff in interventional radiography may stand for more than 90% of the collective dose for all personnel in radiology work.
  • radiation protection in the radiology environment is necessary to prevent the risk of acute effects such as cataract. Radiation protection is also the best approach to minimize late radiation effects induced by radiation, such as cancers.
  • protection means used to minimize the personal doses to staff in the radiology environment, such as using lead aprons, thyroid protection, protective eyeglasses, and / or radiation protection screens, keeping a large enough distance from the radiation source, avoiding making projections with the X-ray tube above the table, lowering the dose when suitable by changing the settings of the X-ray apparatus, and so forth.
  • protection tools such as using lead aprons, thyroid protection, protective eyeglasses, and / or radiation protection screens, keeping a large enough distance from the radiation source, avoiding making projections with the X-ray tube above the table, lowering the dose when suitable by changing the settings of the X-ray apparatus, and so forth.
  • the operators very often forget to use those protection tools for various reasons, including, for example, lack of information about radiation protection, discomfort when using radiation protection tools, no awareness of the radiation pattern from the scatter source, and so forth.
  • lead screens which are available at the start of an examination need to be removed during a steep-angle projection or a rotational scan, and are then forgotten to be repositioned in the subsequent procedure.
  • a person might be under the impression that he/she is well protected by a lead curtain or screen or by standing in the shadow of another person, but this might not be valid in reality due to the change of the radiation pattern during the procedure.
  • US 2010/0310048 Al discloses a dose awareness indication device in which an individual dose in determiend on the basis of raw dose measuring data, dose sensor and information data from an examination apparatus, wherein the information data from the exmaination apparatus relates to the type examination.
  • an individualized determination of dose data may be provided, depending on the actual examination process.
  • embodiments of the present invention propose a method, apparatus, and computer program product for radiation protection.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a method of evaluating radiation at a measurement point during a radiological procedure.
  • the method comprises the steps of: acquiring a first dose level of radiation at a reference point; acquiring a second dose level of radiation at the measurement point, the second dose level being measured by a dosimeter; and evaluating radiation at the measurement point at least partially based upon the acquired first and second dose levels.
  • point refers to a spatial location or position.
  • inventions of the present invention provide an apparatus for evaluating radiation at a measurement point during a radiological procedure.
  • the apparatus comprises: a first acquiring unit configured to acquire a first dose level of radiation at a reference point; a second acquiring unit configured to acquire a second dose level of radiation at the measurement point, the second dose level being measured by a dosimeter; and an evaluating unit configured to evaluate radiation at the measurement point at least partially based upon the acquired first and second dose levels.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a system in which exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be implemented
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement for exemplary embodiments of the present invention
  • Figs. 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams illustrating experiments of relative dose levels at a measurement point with respect to a reference point without and with radiation protection, respectively, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of evaluating radiation at a measurement point during a radiological procedure in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for evaluating radiation at a measurement point during a radiological procedure in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a computing system suitable for implementing exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for evaluating radiation at a measurement point during a radiological procedure.
  • a location or position may be selected as the "reference point" and the dose level at the selected point will be used as reference value.
  • the radiation dose levels at one or more measurement points may be acquired and compared with the reference dose level in real time. Based upon such a comparison, radiation at one or more measurement points can be evaluated in real time, and appropriate alerts may be provided to relevant individual persons.
  • FIG. 1 a block diagram illustrating a system
  • the system 100 in which exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be implemented is shown.
  • the system 100 may be deployed, for example, in association with a space for radiological procedures such as a cathlab, an X- ray examining room or any other environments where radiation exists.
  • the system 100 comprises a central unit or server 101.
  • the server 101 may include, but are not limited to, workstations, personal computers (PCs), laptops, tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, or any other suitable computing systems.
  • the server 101 may include, but are not limited to, workstations, personal computers (PCs), laptops, tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, or any other suitable computing systems.
  • the server 101 may include, but are not limited to, workstations, personal computers (PCs), laptops, tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, or any other suitable computing systems.
  • the server 101 may include, but are not limited to, workstations, personal computers (PCs), laptops,
  • the server 101 may be configured to acquire, process, and evaluate the radiation dose levels at different points in the environment and notify the relevant persons if necessary. It should be noted that the server 101 and possibly other devices in the system 100 may be located outside the radiation area as long as the communication range is sufficient.
  • the server 101 is configured to acquire a radiation dose level (referred to as "first dose level") at a reference point.
  • the reference point may be inside an unprotected zone in the radiology environment.
  • the term "unprotected zone” may refer to a space which is exposed during the radiological procedure and which is not protected by any radiation protection means. More generally, the reference point may also be in a zone in which the amount of radiation reduction is known.
  • the reference point may be a location or position in the environment where the radiation dose level is representative and thus can be used as a reference value.
  • the reference point may be located on a C-arc of the X-ray system, for example, under the horizontal plane intersecting the patient at a certain degree or angle (e.g., 45 degrees). In this way, it is possible to obtain a good measurement of the radiation dose level without this being affected by the protection tools.
  • the reference point may be selected on the system generating the radiation or at other positions in the procedural room such as on the floor. Depending on specific arrangements and requirements, the reference point may be selected at any appropriate positions, and the scope of the invention is not limited in this regard.
  • the first dose level (i.e., the dose level at the reference point) may be acquired in various different ways.
  • a reference dosimeter 102 may be deployed at the reference point in either a fixed or a detachable manner. Any suitable dosimeter capable of detecting the radiation dose level, whether currently known or developed in the future, may be used as the reference dosimeter 102.
  • the reference dosimeter 102 collects measured data indicative of the radiation dose level at the reference point. Then the measured data may be transmitted from the reference dosimeter 102 to the server 101. The measurement and transmission of the first dose level may be performed continuously or periodically.
  • the first radiation dose level is not necessarily acquired by means of a dosimeter.
  • the radiation dose level at the reference point may be predetermined, calculated based on geometry settings of the X-ray system, and/or specified by a human user, for example, according to experiences, experiments, standards, specifications, and so forth.
  • the reference dosimeter 102 may be omitted.
  • the first dose level may be calculated based upon the measured values from the plurality of reference dosimeters 102, for example, as arithmetic mean or weighted mean of the measured values.
  • the plurality of reference dosimeters 102 may be distributed in different areas of the radiation area, such that the references concerning those areas can be built separately.
  • the system 100 also comprises one or more user dosimeters 103.
  • Each of the user dosimeters 103 is deployed at a respective
  • the user dosimeter 103 may be configured to collect the measured data indicative of the dose level (referred to as "second dose level") at the measurement point and transmit the measured data as the second dose level to the server 101.
  • the server 101 is configured to acquire the second dose level at respective measurement points as measured by the user dosimeters 103. Similar to the first radiation dose level at the reference point, the second dose level may be acquired and transmitted continuously and periodically.
  • the server 101 and the dosimeters 102 and/or 103 may be interconnected and in communication with each other by means of, for example, a communication network such as a radio frequency (RF) communication network, a computer network such as a local area network (“LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”) or the Internet, a near field communication connection, or any combination thereof.
  • a communication network such as a radio frequency (RF) communication network
  • RF radio frequency
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • the Internet a near field communication connection, or any combination thereof.
  • the measurement point may be at a fixed position. Alternatively or additionally, the measurement point may be varied, for example, with the movement of a user. In some embodiments, the measurement point may be the position at which the user or part(s) of the user is (are) located.
  • the user dosimeter 103 used to measure the second dose level may be carried by the user who is exposed during the radiological procedure. Specifically, in some embodiments, the user dosimeter 103 may be placed behind a protection apron for the user. Referring to Fig. 2, an exemplary arrangement for an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • the reference dosimeter 102 is deployed on the C-arc 201 of the X-ray system 200 that is used in the radiological procedure.
  • the user dosimeter 103 is carried by a person 202 and is configured to measure the radiation dose level to which the person 202 is exposed. It is noted that the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 is only for the purpose of illustration and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 it is only for the purpose of illustration. It would be readily appreciated that there may be more than one measurement point in the radiology environment. For example, locations or positions associated with a plurality of physicians, operators, and nurses or any other persons in the procedural room may be selected as the measurement points. Accordingly, there may be a plurality of user dosimeters 103 used for those measurement points.
  • the server 101 may perform a series of operations to evaluate radiation at various measurement points. To this end, the server 101 may perform any necessary preprocessing. For example, in some embodiments, the server 101 may need to process the measured data received from the reference dosimeter 102 and/or the user dosimeter 103 to extract meaningful, comparable values of the first and/or second radiation dose levels. Any other processing action is possible and the scope of the present invention is not limited in this regard.
  • the server 101 may then evaluate radiation at one or more measurement points at least partially based upon the acquired first and second dose levels. In some embodiments, the evaluation may be based upon the comparison of the first and second dose levels.
  • the second dose level at the measurement point is higher than the first dose level at the reference point or the second dose level is lower than the first dose level but not sufficiently low, for example lower only by an amount smaller than a certain threshold, then radiation at the measurement point may be evaluated to be relatively high risk.
  • the server 101 may be configured to calculate a ratio of the acquired first and second levels.
  • a ratio is meaningful and useful in determining whether a person at the measurement point is provided with radiation protection.
  • Figs. 3A and 3B show exemplary experiments on the ratio of the first and second dose levels, wherein the experiments are carried out for different angulations and rotations without and with the radiation protection, respectively.
  • the reference dosimeter 102 is deployed on the C-arc of the X-ray system in use, while the user dosimeter 103 is located on the torso of a person.
  • the vertical and horizontal axes represent angulation and rotation, respectively
  • the bubbles in the figures represent the percentage of second dose levels measured by the user dosimeter 103 with respect to the first dose level measured by reference dosimeter 102.
  • the second dose level is at least 19% of the first dose level without the radiation protection.
  • the second dose level is nearly three times the size of the first dose level.
  • the percentage of the second dose level with respect to the first dose level drops to only 0.4%, as shown in Fig. 3B (it is noted that the bubble size in Fig. 3B is at a different scale than that in Fig. 3A). Therefore, it is possible to judge whether the user is correctly using the protection tool, based upon the ratio of the acquired first and second dose levels.
  • the calculated ratio of the first and second dose levels will be compared with a threshold to determine whether the corresponding measurement point is protected against radiation. It is assumed that the ratio is calculated as the percentage of the second dose level with respect to the first dose level. If the ratio is greater than a predefined threshold (for example, 10% or any other suitable percentage), then radiation at the measurement point associated with the second dose level can be evaluated to be risky.
  • a predefined threshold for example, 10% or any other suitable percentage
  • the threshold may be determined according to experiences, experiments, standards, specifications, and so forth.
  • the threshold may be dynamically adapted according to various factors. For example, geometrical information associated with the acquiring of the first dose level and/or the second dose level may be taken into account. Examples of such geometrical information may include, but are not limited to, rotations, angulations, and fields of view of the dosimeters 102 and/or 103. Alternatively or additionally, the threshold may be adapted according to at least one technique factor associated with the acquiring of the first and/or second radiation dose levels. For example, the threshold may be adapted according to the technical parameters of the dosimeter 102 and/or 103 such as beam quality, filtration copper, and so forth. Also, rather than a fixed threshold, it is possible to apply a gradual evaluation.
  • the threshold may be adapted for different staff members based upon, for example, the type of protection measure (e.g. screen), the exact location of the staff, and so forth. It can be appreciated that in some situations, for example, when the staff receives a very low dose due to the geometrical positions, the threshold might indicate that a protective screen is being used, although this is not the case. By taking into account the impact of the geometry on the threshold, such "false positives" could be avoided.
  • one or more derived values may be calculated from the first and/or second dose levels for comparison.
  • the acquired second radiation dose level at the measurement point may be used to derive the effective dose or doses at different body parts of the user.
  • the second level (denoted as H 0 ) may be used to calculate the effective dose, E, for the user as follows:
  • the server 101 may perform corresponding actions. For example, in the embodiment discussed above, if the ratio of the first and second dose levels is above a predefined threshold, then the server 101 may determine that the radiation protection at the measurement point is not correctly used. Accordingly, the server 101 may cause an alert to be provided to the user currently exposed to radiation at that measurement point.
  • the alert may be textual, audio, video, or indications of any other suitable form. In some embodiments, the alert may be provided by the server 101.
  • the server 101 may cause a separate device to provide the alert.
  • the device responsible for providing the alerts may be user equipment carried or worn by the user. It is also possible to use one or more equipments in the procedural room, such as monitors, lamps and/or speakers, to make the user aware of the radiation status.
  • the type, duration, intensity, and any other aspects of the alerts may be dynamically determined based upon the evaluation of radiation at the measurement points. For example, according to the evaluation of radiation and the associated risk levels, the alert may be provided in different volumes, colors, font sizes, and so forth.
  • the amount of radiation at one or more measurement points may be presented to the users via a user interface.
  • the amount of radiation may be displayed on a monitor in the procedural room or displayed on the user equipment.
  • the presentation of the amount of radiation as well as the radiation protection advisory may be given in a real-time manner.
  • the amount of radiation, when exceeding the threshold may be displayed together with the associated alert. It can be appreciated that all the relevant data or a portion thereof may be stored on the server 101 for later display or reporting.
  • Fig. 4 a flowchart of a method of evaluating radiation at one or more measurement points during a radiological procedure in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown.
  • the method 400 may be carried out at the server 100 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • a first radiation dose level at a reference point is acquired.
  • acquiring the first dose level comprises receiving measured data indicative of the first dose level from a reference dosimeter disposed at the reference point.
  • the reference point may be inside the unprotected zone, which is a space exposed to the radiological procedure without protection.
  • the reference point may be located on a C-arc of the X- ray system, as discussed above.
  • step S402 a second dose level of radiation at the measurement point is acquired.
  • the second dose level is measured by a user dosimeter.
  • the user dosimeter may be carried by a user exposed during the radiological procedure.
  • the user dosimeter may be fixed at the measurement point.
  • evaluating radiation may comprise calculating a ratio of the first and second dose levels and comparing the calculated ratio with a threshold.
  • the threshold may be adapted according to at least one of the following: geometrical information associated with the acquiring of at least one of the first and second dose levels; and at least one technique factor associated with the acquiring of at least one of the first and second dose levels.
  • the method 400 may proceed to step S404 where an alert may be provided to a user exposed to radiation at the measurement point, based upon the evaluation of radiation.
  • the alert may be an advisory indication that can be displayed on a monitor and/or replayed by a speaker, for example.
  • FIG. 5 a block diagram is shown of an apparatus for evaluating radiation at one or more measurement points during a radiological procedure in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 500 may reside at the server 100 and may be configured to carry out the method 400 as discussed above.
  • the apparatus 500 comprises a first acquiring unit 501 configured to acquire a first radiation dose level at a reference point.
  • the first acquiring unit 501 may be configured to receive measured data indicative of the first dose level from a reference dosimeter disposed at the reference point,.
  • the reference point in some embodiments, may be inside an unprotected zone, wherein the unprotected zone is defined as a space which is exposed during the radiological procedure and which is not protected by any radiation protection means.
  • the reference point may be located on a C-arc of an X-ray system used during the radiological procedure.
  • the apparatus 500 further comprises a second acquiring unit 502.
  • the second acquiring unit 502 is configured to acquire a second radiation dose level at the measurement point, wherein the second dose level is measured by a user dosimeter.
  • the user dosimeter may be carried by a person exposed during the radiological procedure.
  • the apparatus 500 further comprises an evaluating unit 503.
  • the evaluating unit 503 is configured to evaluate radiation at the measurement point at least partially based upon the first and second dose levels.
  • the evaluating unit may comprise a calculating unit configured to calculate a ratio of the first and second dose levels and a comparing unit configured to compare the calculated ratio with a threshold.
  • the threshold may be adapted according to at least one of the following: geometrical information associated with the acquiring of at least one of the first and second dose levels; and at least one technique factor associated with the acquiring of at least one of the first and second dose levels.
  • the apparatus 500 may optionally comprise an alerting unit 504 configured to provide relevant persons with alerts based upon the evaluation of radiation.
  • Figs. 1-3 are applicable to the method 400 and the apparatus 500, which will not be detailed here.
  • the apparatus 500 described above may be implemented as hardware, software/firmware, or any combination thereof.
  • one or more units in the apparatus 500 may be implemented as software modules.
  • some or all of the units may be implemented using hardware modules such as integrated circuits (ICs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), system-on-chip (SOCs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and the like.
  • ICs integrated circuits
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • SOCs system-on-chip
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • Fig. 6 shows a computing system 600 suitable for implementing exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
  • the computing system 600 may be used to function as the server 101 as discussed above with reference to Fig. 1.
  • the computer system 600 comprises a central processing unit (CPU) 601 which is capable of performing various processes in accordance with a program stored in a read only memory (ROM) 602 or a program loaded from a storage section 608 to a random access memory (RAM) 603.
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • data required when the CPU 601 performs the various processes or the like is also stored as required.
  • the CPU 601, the ROM 602 and the RAM 603 are connected to one another via a bus 604.
  • An input/output (I/O) interface 605 is also connected to the bus 604.
  • the following components are connected to the I/O interface 605: an input section 606 including a keyboard, a mouse, or the like; an output section 607 including a display such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), or the like, and a loudspeaker or the like; the storage section 608 including a hard disk or the like; and a communication section 609 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, or the like.
  • the communication section 609 performs a communication process via the network such as the Internet.
  • a drive 610 is also connected to the I/O interface 605 as required.
  • a removable medium 611 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto- optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like, is mounted on the drive 610 as required, so that a computer program read therefrom is installed on the storage section 608 as required.
  • the method 400 described above with reference to Fig. 4 may be implemented as computer programs.
  • embodiments of the present invention comprise a computer program product including a computer program tangibly embodied in a machine readable medium, the computer program including program code for performing method 400.
  • the computer program may be downloaded and mounted from the network via the communication unit 609, and/or installed from the removable memory unit 611.
  • the various exemplary embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented, as non-limiting examples, in hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
  • a machine readable medium may be any tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • the machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium.
  • a machine readable medium may include but is not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • machine readable storage medium More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EPROM or Flash memory erasable programmable read-only memory
  • CD-ROM portable compact disc read-only memory
  • CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory
  • magnetic storage device or any suitable combination thereof.
  • Computer program codes for carrying out methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer program codes may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, cause the functions/operations specified in the fiowcharts and/or block diagrams to be implemented.
  • the program code may execute entirely on a computer, partly on a computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on a computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on a remote computer or server.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

Selon des modes de réalisation, la présente invention concerne une protection contre un rayonnement. L'invention concerne un procédé d'évaluation de rayonnement au niveau d'un point de mesure pendant une procédure radiologique. Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant : à acquérir un premier niveau de dose de rayonnement au niveau d'un point de référence ; à acquérir un second niveau de dose de rayonnement au niveau du point de mesure, le second niveau de dose étant mesuré par un dosimètre ; et à évaluer un rayonnement au niveau du point de mesure sur la base, au moins en partie, des premier et second niveaux de dose acquis. L'invention concerne également un appareil et des produits programmes d'ordinateur correspondants. Selon des modes de réalisation de la présente invention, l'évaluation et l'alerte de rayonnement peuvent être obtenues de manière efficace.
PCT/EP2014/070339 2014-09-24 2014-09-24 Protection contre un rayonnement WO2016045719A1 (fr)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07136290A (ja) * 1993-11-16 1995-05-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 放射線治療装置
WO2013088308A1 (fr) * 2011-12-14 2013-06-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Retour d'information en temps réel visant à éviter certaines positions géométriques d'un arceau aux doses élevées

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07136290A (ja) * 1993-11-16 1995-05-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 放射線治療装置
WO2013088308A1 (fr) * 2011-12-14 2013-06-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Retour d'information en temps réel visant à éviter certaines positions géométriques d'un arceau aux doses élevées

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KOHEI KAWASAKI ET AL: "A new reference point for patient dose estimation in neurovascular interventional radiology", RADIOLOGICAL PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 6, no. 2, 19 April 2013 (2013-04-19), pages 349 - 355, XP055189922, ISSN: 1865-0333, DOI: 10.1007/s12194-013-0207-4 *
TU MAI: "The use of a Real-Time Displayed Measuring System for X-rays -an evaluation of personnel doses in an angiography room with a DoseAware System MASTER DEGREE THESIS IN RADIATION PHYSICS", 1 January 2011 (2011-01-01), Gothenburg Sweden, pages 1 - 35, XP055103562, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.radfys.gu.se/digitalAssets/1335/1335207_examensarbete-tm.pdf> [retrieved on 20140221] *

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