WO2016045524A1 - 导频发送方法、信道信息测量反馈方法、发送端及接收端 - Google Patents

导频发送方法、信道信息测量反馈方法、发送端及接收端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016045524A1
WO2016045524A1 PCT/CN2015/089655 CN2015089655W WO2016045524A1 WO 2016045524 A1 WO2016045524 A1 WO 2016045524A1 CN 2015089655 W CN2015089655 W CN 2015089655W WO 2016045524 A1 WO2016045524 A1 WO 2016045524A1
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information
channel
function
pilot signal
antenna ports
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PCT/CN2015/089655
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈艺戬
鲁照华
李儒岳
赵晶
肖华华
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2016045524A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016045524A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to, but are not limited to, the field of communications, and in particular, to a pilot transmission method, a channel information measurement feedback method, a transmitting end, and a receiving end in the field of wireless communications.
  • Multi-input Multi does not use Channel State Information (CSI) at the transmitting end.
  • MIMO technology such as Space-time block code (STBC), Space-Frequency block code (SFBC) and Open Beamforming (BF), using CSI
  • STBC Space-time block code
  • SFBC Space-Frequency block code
  • BF Open Beamforming
  • the closed-loop MIMO precoding (Precoding) of MIMO technology has higher capacity and is a transmission technology widely used in the mainstream 4G standard.
  • the core idea of the closed-loop MIMO precoding technology is that the receiving end feeds back the channel information to the transmitting end, and the transmitting end uses some transmitting precoding techniques according to the obtained channel information, which greatly improves the transmission performance.
  • precoding with a pre-coded vector that matches the channel feature vector information can be directly used for transmission; for a multi-user MIMO system, more accurate channel information is also required for interference cancellation. Therefore, the acquisition of channel information at the transmitting end plays a very important role.
  • 4G such as LTE/LTE-A, 802.16m standard specifications
  • the general flow of channel information acquisition is as follows:
  • the transmitting end sends Channel State Information-Reference Signals (CSI-RS), which is used to measure channel information.
  • CSI-RS transmission of up to 8 antenna ports is supported in LTE-A.
  • the base station sends signaling to configure relevant location information and transmission period information of the CSI-RS to the terminal.
  • the transmission content of the pilot signal is determined by some pre-agreed rules, and the terminal can accurately know the content of the pilot signal transmission of each port at each time-frequency position.
  • the pilot transmission pattern is shown in Figure 1.
  • the terminal receives the configuration information of the CSI-RS, performs pilot signal reception and detection at the corresponding location, obtains the received pilot signal, and can accurately obtain the pilot transmission signal, and can perform channel estimation according to the received pilot signal.
  • the algorithm such as MMSE can be used for estimation, and finally the channel matrix matching the number of domain transmission ports at each time-frequency resource location is obtained.
  • the CSI generally includes three types: a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), and a Rank Indicator (RI) information.
  • PMI information is a recommended precoding calculated according to a channel matrix.
  • the information as it is currently only pre-coded for the assumption of single-user MIMO, is generally also understood to characterize the feature vector of the channel.
  • the CQI is used to indicate the modulation and coding mode, and actually implies the information of the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), which characterizes the link performance.
  • SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio
  • the RI characterizes the recommended number of spatial multiplexing layers. The most concerned in the embodiments of the present invention is the calculation and acquisition of precoding information PMI.
  • the current precoding information feedback is a feedback method using a simple single codebook.
  • the performance of MIMO transmit precoding technology depends on the design of the codebook feedback.
  • the basic principles of the channel information based channel information quantization feedback are briefly described as follows:
  • the eigenvector space of the channel matrix is quantized to form the codebook space
  • the transmitter and the receiver jointly save or generate the codebook in real time (the codebook of the transceiver is the same).
  • the receiving end is based on certain criteria. Select a codeword that best matches the channel
  • the codeword sequence number i is fed back to the transmitting end.
  • the code word number is PMI.
  • the transmitting end finds the corresponding precoding codeword according to the serial number i Thereby obtaining channel information,
  • the feature vector information of the channel is indicated.
  • the terminal feeds back the calculated CQI/PMI/RI information to the base station through the control channel of the uplink physical layer or the data channel of the uplink physical layer.
  • the base station determines the number of transmission layers based on the feedback information of the terminal, determines the coding modulation mode, and determines the transmission precoding.
  • the above describes the design of closed-loop MIMO pilot and feedback for a related system of no more than 8 antennas.
  • the purpose is to enable the transmitting end to know channel information more accurately for improving the performance of the transmission link.
  • users' wireless applications are becoming more and more abundant, which has led to the rapid growth of wireless data services. It is predicted that data services will be 1.6-2 times per year in the next 10 years. Growth, which poses a huge challenge for wireless access networks.
  • Multi-antenna technology is the key technology to cope with the explosive growth of wireless data services. At present, the multi-antenna technology supported in 4G only supports the maximum 8-port horizontal dimension beamforming technology, and has a great potential to further greatly increase the system capacity.
  • Massive MIMO and 3D MIMO are the two main candidate technologies for MIMO evolution in next-generation wireless communications.
  • the main features of the system based on Massive MIMO technology are: a large-scale antenna array is configured on the base station side, such as 100 antennas, or even more.
  • MU-MIMO technology is used, and multiple users are simultaneously multiplexed at the same frequency. In other words, the ratio of the number of antennas to the number of multiplexed users is maintained at about 5-10 times.
  • the correlation coefficient between the channels of any two users is exponentially attenuated as the number of antennas increases, whether in the strong correlation channel in the line-of-sight environment or the uncorrelated channel under rich scattering, such as when configured on the base station side.
  • the correlation coefficient between the channels of any two users approaches 0, that is, the multi-user corresponding channels are nearly orthogonal.
  • large arrays can bring a very large array gain and diversity gain.
  • the main technical feature of 3D MIMO is that it has good beamforming capabilities in both vertical and horizontal dimensions. This requires that the arrangement of the antennas be in the form of 2D rather than just being placed in a single dimension.
  • the number of antennas will increase greatly. As the number of antennas increases, the channel capacity will increase, but the increase in the number of antennas brings a great pressure to the pilot and feedback design.
  • the number of antennas multiplied means that the number of pilots also needs to be multiplied correspondingly, and the multiple pilot overheads will occupy the available resources of data transmission and reduce resource utilization.
  • the increase in the number of antennas means an increase in the feedback dimension.
  • the codewords contained in the low-dimensional codebook will grow exponentially, which means that the complexity of channel information calculation will increase significantly, and the code The feedback overhead of this book will also increase significantly.
  • pilot and feedback techniques can be understood as full-dimensional Pilot transmission and feedback technology, supports up to 8 ports of pilot and 8Tx codebook feedback, suitable for less antenna ports.
  • traditional pilot and feedback techniques bring about a significant increase in pilot overhead, feedback overhead, pilot estimation complexity, and channel information quantization complexity, and are no longer suitable for large-scale antenna systems. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pilot transmission and channel information feedback techniques with lower overhead and lower complexity.
  • the pilot transmission method, the channel information measurement feedback method, the transmitting end, and the receiving end provided by the embodiments of the present invention can reduce pilot overhead and information feedback overhead.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for transmitting a pilot signal, including:
  • the transmitting end selects Nt transmit antenna ports from the Mt transmit antenna ports to send a pilot signal to the receiving end;
  • Mt and Nt are both positive integers and Nt is less than Mt.
  • the pilot signaling configuration information includes any one or any combination of the following information:
  • the pilot signals of the selected Nt transmit antenna ports transmit location information.
  • the method further includes: the sending end receives the pilot signal sending recommendation information sent by the receiving end, and determining, according to the recommended information, the pilot signal sending configuration information; wherein, the pilot signal sends the recommended information.
  • the pilot signals of the selected Nt transmit antenna ports transmit location information.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a method for measuring feedback of channel information, including:
  • the receiving end receives the pilot signal sending configuration information sent by the transmitting end, and sends the configuration information according to the pilot signal to receive the pilot signal sent by the transmitting end from the Nt antenna ports;
  • the receiving end determines a parameter of the channel response function according to the received pilot signal, and calculates channel matrix information of the Mt dimension according to the channel response function;
  • the receiving end feeds back channel information to the sending end according to the channel matrix information of the Mt dimension
  • Mt and Nt are both positive integers and Nt is less than Mt.
  • the channel response function is a function related to one or more of the following information: a number of channel multipaths, an antenna topology, an antenna polarization direction, an antenna spacing, and an operating frequency.
  • some parameters in the channel response function are determined by the receiving end according to the received pilot signal.
  • model of the channel response function is:
  • a 1 , A 2 ... A N are complex numbers, wherein ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 2v ... ⁇ Nv , ⁇ 1h , ⁇ 2h ... ⁇ Nh , ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are phase parameters, and the value is 0 to 2 ⁇ , T( ⁇ ) is a vector or matrix function, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are real numbers, f i is representative of frequency domain position information, and N is a positive integer.
  • T( ⁇ ) is determined by the sender configuration information.
  • T( ⁇ ) is a function related to one or more of the following information: antenna topology, antenna polarization direction, antenna spacing.
  • the model of the channel response function is determined by the sender configuration.
  • the value of N is determined by a configuration of the sender.
  • the value of N is determined by the receiving end according to the received pilot signal.
  • the method further includes: the receiving end sending the selection information of the recommended N value to the sending end.
  • the method further includes: the receiving end sending its recommended function model selection information to the sending end.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a method for obtaining channel information feedback, including:
  • the transmitting end selects Nt transmit antenna ports from the Mt transmit antenna ports to send pilot signals;
  • the transmitting end receives the Nt-dimensional quantized channel information fed back by the receiving end;
  • the transmitting end determines a parameter in the channel information calculation function according to the quantized channel information of the Nt dimension
  • the transmitting end calculates channel information according to the channel information calculation function
  • Mt and Nt are both positive integers and Nt is less than Mt.
  • the quantized channel information includes one or more of the following information:
  • One or more channel feature vector information is provided.
  • the channel information calculation function is a function related to one or more of the following information: multipath number, antenna topology, antenna polarization direction, antenna spacing, and operating frequency.
  • model of the channel information calculation function is:
  • a 1 , A 2 ... A N are complex numbers, wherein ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 2v ... ⁇ Nv , ⁇ 1h , ⁇ 2h ... ⁇ Nh , ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are phase parameters, and the value is 0 to 2 ⁇ , T( ⁇ ) is a vector or matrix function, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are real numbers, f i is representative of frequency domain position information, and N is a positive integer.
  • T( ⁇ ) is a function related to one or more of the following information: antenna topology, antenna polarization direction, antenna spacing.
  • the method further includes: the sending end receiving the selection information of the N value recommended by the receiving end.
  • the channel information calculation function has multiple candidate models, and the method further includes: the sending end receiving the model selection information recommended by the receiving end.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a sending end, including:
  • a port selection module configured to select Nt transmit antenna ports from Mt transmit antenna ports
  • a sending module configured to send a pilot signal to the receiving end by using the Nt transmitting antenna ports selected by the port selecting module, and configured to send the pilot channel sending configuration information to the receiving end;
  • Mt and Nt are both positive integers and Nt is less than Mt.
  • the pilot signaling configuration information includes any one or any combination of the following information:
  • the pilot signals of the selected Nt transmit antenna ports transmit location information.
  • the sending end further includes:
  • a receiving module configured to receive a pilot signal sent by the receiving end to send recommendation information
  • a determining module configured to determine, according to the recommendation information, the pilot signal sending configuration information
  • the pilot signal sending recommendation information includes any one or any combination of the following information:
  • the pilot signals of the selected Nt transmit antenna ports transmit location information.
  • the sending end further includes:
  • a receiving module configured to receive Nt-dimensional quantized channel information fed back by the receiving end
  • the calculation module is configured to determine a parameter in the channel information calculation function according to the Nt-dimensional quantized channel information, and calculate channel information according to the channel information calculation function.
  • the quantized channel information includes one or more of the following information:
  • One or more channel feature vector information is provided.
  • the channel information calculation function is a function related to one or more of the following information: multipath number, antenna topology, antenna polarization direction, antenna spacing, and operating frequency.
  • model of the channel information calculation function is:
  • a 1 , A 2 ... A N are complex numbers, wherein ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 2v ... ⁇ Nv , ⁇ 1h , ⁇ 2h ... ⁇ Nh , ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are phase parameters, and the value is 0 to 2 ⁇ , T( ⁇ ) is a vector or matrix function, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are real numbers, f i is representative of frequency domain position information, and N is a positive integer.
  • the T( ⁇ ) is a function related to one or more of the following information: an antenna topology, an antenna polarization direction, and an antenna spacing.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a receiving end, including:
  • the receiving module is configured to receive the pilot signal transmission configuration information sent by the transmitting end, and send the configuration information according to the pilot signal to receive the pilot signal sent by the transmitting end from the Nt antenna ports;
  • a calculation module configured to determine a parameter of a channel response function according to the received pilot signal, and calculate a channel matrix information of the Mt dimension according to the channel response function;
  • a sending module configured to feed back channel information to the sending end according to the channel matrix information of the Mt dimension
  • Mt and Nt are both positive integers and Nt is less than Mt.
  • the channel response function is a function related to one or more of the following information: channel multipath number, antenna topology, antenna polarization direction, antenna spacing, operating frequency
  • model of the channel response function is:
  • a 1 , A 2 ... A N are complex numbers, wherein ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 2v ... ⁇ Nv , ⁇ 1h , ⁇ 2h ... ⁇ Nh , ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are phase parameters, and the value is 0 to 2 ⁇ , T( ⁇ ) is a vector or matrix function, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are real numbers, f i is representative of frequency domain position information, and N is a positive integer.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a computer readable storage medium storing program instructions, which can be implemented when the program instructions are executed.
  • the transmitting end selects Nt ports from the Mt transmit antenna ports to transmit pilot signals, which reduces pilot and feedback overhead.
  • using the reduced-dimensional low-dimensional pilot to obtain complete high-dimensional channel matrix information through the function Q and feedback is effective to reduce the pilot overhead, or use the function P to obtain high-dimensionality from the low-dimensional channel information at the transmitting end.
  • Channel information, effectively reducing pilots Compared with feedback overhead, the relative correlation technology has a significant effect on resource utilization improvement.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting a pilot according to Embodiment 1;
  • 5(a)-(b) are schematic diagrams showing selection patterns of transmission antenna ports of different resource blocks, sub-bands or subframes in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pilot beam of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for measuring feedback of channel information in Embodiment 2;
  • Embodiment 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitting end of Embodiment 4.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving end of Embodiment 4.
  • Massive MIMO systems use more antennas and need to support 3D MIMO.
  • the antenna topology is more complicated than the related technology of 1, 2, 4, and 8 antenna systems.
  • Total number of antennas H x V x P
  • Figure 2 shows several common antenna topologies.
  • Figure 2(a) shows 64Tx(8V
  • Figure 2(b) shows 128Tx(8V
  • Figure 2(c) shows 64Tx(4V
  • Fig. 2(d) is 128Tx (4V
  • the embodiments of the present invention are mainly concerned with linear and matrix arrays, and other arrays are also applicable to the embodiments of the present invention.
  • this embodiment provides a method for transmitting a pilot, including:
  • Step 31 The base station selects Nt ports to transmit pilot signals among the Mt transmit antenna ports.
  • Step 32 The base station sends the pilot signal sending configuration information to the terminal.
  • the pilot signaling configuration information may include any one or any combination of the following information:
  • the pilot signals of the selected Nt transmit antenna ports transmit location information.
  • the Mt may be the number of antenna ports configured by the system to transmit pilot signals.
  • the magnitude of the Nt value is related to the degree of dimensionality reduction, the effect of overhead compression, and the performance of channel estimation.
  • the value of Nt can be determined based on the degree of multipath scattering richness and the correlation between the antennas (the antenna spacing affects the antenna correlation). The richer the multipath scattering, the closer the value of Nt can be to the value of Mt. The smaller the multipath scattering, the smaller the value of Nt can be. The stronger the correlation between antennas, the smaller the value of Nt.
  • the base station may determine the value of Nt according to the recommendation information reported by the terminal. Because the terminal can obtain the feature information of some channels more accurately, the terminal can determine the value of Nt more accurately by using the full-dimensional pilot transmitted in a long period, and can send the recommended Nt to the base station through the uplink control channel or the data channel. Value information. After determining the value of Nt, the base station may send the downlink control signaling to the terminal.
  • Nt ports that are less distantly related may be selected.
  • the base station may send the port ID of the Nt ports to the terminal through physical layer signaling.
  • Figure 4 shows an example of antenna port selection for several different antenna topologies. The port marked in black is the selected Nt ports, and Figure 4(a) shows the selection from 64Tx (8V
  • the selected Nt pilot ports may be fixed Nt ports, or different subframes, different sub-bands or different resource blocks have different port selection patterns.
  • FIG. 5(a) is a port selection pattern of RBi or Subbandi or Subframei
  • FIG. 5(b) is a port selection pattern of RBj or Subbandj or Subframej, where i and j are resource blocks/subbands/ Subframe index, i ⁇ j.
  • multiple port selection patterns may be configured by signaling to correspond to different resource block indexes, sub-band indexes, or sub-frame indexes, and then according to resources.
  • the block index, subband index, or sub-frame index determines the port selection pattern used.
  • the terminal may send its recommended pilot signal transmission configuration information to the base station.
  • the terminal can perform long-term full-dimension pilot detection, and the base station needs to configure a long-period Mt-division pilot transmission.
  • the pilot can be used by the terminal to determine certain characteristics of the channel, such as the degree of multipath scattering richness and the correlation of channel responses between the antennas. According to these characteristics, considering the noise and interference situation of the current location of the terminal, the terminal can calculate a recommended pilot transmission parameter Nt to the base station.
  • the base station may also send multiple beam-formed Pilot Beams for the terminal to determine the degree of dimensionality reduction, that is, the value judgment of Nt, and the selection of Nt transmission port IDs.
  • the Pilot beam is formed by combining the transmission signals on the plurality of antennas by weighted precoding, and corresponds to a plurality of transmitting antennas.
  • 6 is a schematic diagram of a Pilot beam, each beam being formed by Mt root antenna precoding, which can be used for multipath resolution to determine the approximate number of multipaths, thereby estimating the Nt value recommended to the base station.
  • the terminal may also recommend Nt transmission pilot position information to the base station, and the information may use a full-dimensional measurement pilot or multiple beam pilots to perform correlation prediction between the transmission pilot ports.
  • the correlation prediction may be to obtain a correlation matrix using the autocorrelation matrix statistics of the channel matrix H or to reconstruct the correlation matrix with multipath information.
  • the correlation matrix is used to determine the correlation between the transmitting antenna ports, so that Nt pairs of weakly correlated ports are selected for pilot transmission.
  • the terminal After selecting the pilot ports, the terminal feeds back the ID information of the ports to the base station in the uplink channel.
  • the base station may give M candidate modes for selecting Nt ports of the Mt antenna ports, as shown in the following table.
  • the terminal may select a recommendation index feedback from the plurality of candidate configuration indexes to the base station.
  • the embodiment provides a method for measuring feedback of channel information, including:
  • Step 71 The terminal receives the pilot signal transmission configuration information sent by the base station, and sends the configuration information according to the pilot signal to receive the pilot signal sent by the base station from the Nt antenna ports.
  • Step 72 The terminal determines a parameter of a channel response function (abbreviated as function Q) according to the received pilot signal, and calculates channel matrix information of the Mt dimension according to the channel response function;
  • function Q a parameter of a channel response function
  • Step 73 The terminal feeds back channel information to the base station according to the channel matrix information of the Mt dimension.
  • the terminal needs to determine the parameter of the function Q, input the position of the transmitting and receiving antenna ID, and calculate the channel response information between the pair of transmitting and receiving antennas, so that the channel response between the Nr root receiving antenna and the Nt root transmitting antenna can be calculated.
  • the channel acquires a complete channel matrix.
  • the function Q is a non-deterministic function:
  • the model of the function Q may be one of the following two models, and needs to be configured by the base station. For example, two models of the model 1 and the model 2 may be set, and the base station configures one of the models to the terminal.
  • a 1 , A 2 ... A N are complex numbers, ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 2v ... ⁇ Nv , ⁇ 1h , ⁇ 2h ... ⁇ Nh , ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are phase parameters, and the value interval is [0, 2 ⁇ ], where ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are phase parameters of the two-dimensional antenna topology, ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 2v ... ⁇ Nv are phase parameters of the vertical direction of the three-dimensional antenna topology, and ⁇ 1h , ⁇ 2h ...
  • ⁇ Nh are three-dimensional antennas
  • the phase parameter of the horizontal direction of the topology, T( ⁇ ) is a vector or matrix function, where ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are real numbers, f i represents frequency domain position information, i is a subcarrier index, and N is a positive integer.
  • T( ⁇ ) of function Q needs to be configured by the base station, and T( ⁇ ) can be a function strongly related to the antenna topology and polarization, such as
  • D represents a DFT vector function
  • D( ⁇ v , N v ) represents an N v dimension
  • the DFT vector with an angular direction of ⁇ v is defined as Wherein the number of antenna ports N v is the vertical dimension, such as in FIG. 2 (a) and 2 (c) in N v are 8 and 4, ⁇ v is the parameter to be determined.
  • D( ⁇ h , N h ) represents a D h vector with an N h dimension and an angular direction of ⁇ h , which is defined as Where N h is the number of antenna ports in the vertical dimension.
  • ⁇ v ⁇ h parameters to be determined: ( ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 1h )( ⁇ 2v , ⁇ 2h )...( ⁇ Nv , ⁇ Nh )
  • f(A 1 T( ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 1h ), A 2 T( ⁇ 2v , ⁇ 2h )...A N T( ⁇ Nv , ⁇ Nh )) may represent A 1 T( ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 1h ) ), a linear superposition of A 2 T( ⁇ 2v , ⁇ 2h )...A N T( ⁇ Nv , ⁇ Nh ), eventually forming a matrix or vector of Nt dimensions.
  • the base station can directly configure the information of the T( ⁇ ) to the terminal, and the terminal can also determine the T( ⁇ ) according to the polarization information configured by the base station and the antenna topology information.
  • N is an unknown parameter to be determined, and the value of N is generally affected by the number of multipaths. The more the number of multipaths, the larger the value of N needs to be, and the more unknown parameters in function Q will be.
  • the function Q is affected by the following information: the number of channels multipath, the antenna topology, and the antenna polarization direction.
  • the number of channels multipath affects the number of parameters to be determined for Q
  • the model of the antenna topology affects the function Q
  • the polarization direction of the antenna also affects the model of the function Q.
  • the undetermined parameters include ( ⁇ 1va , ⁇ 1ha )( ⁇ 2va , ⁇ 2ha )...( ⁇ Nva , ⁇ Nha )( ⁇ 1vb , ⁇ 1hb )( ⁇ 2vb , ⁇ 2hb )...( ⁇ Nvb , ⁇ Nhb ), A 1 , A 2 ... A N may also include ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ...
  • Nt pilots are generally not completely uncorrelated. Therefore, the value of Nt generally needs to be larger than the number of unknown parameters. Considering the influence of interference and noise in the system, more Nt numbers can be beneficial. Suppress interference noise.
  • the terminal may calculate an optimal Nt value to be recommended to the base station by using a longer-period full-dimensional CSI, and the base station determines the Nt value and then allocates the configuration to the terminal.
  • the terminal is semi-static to recommend the value of one N to the base station, and the base station determines the value of N and then allocates it to the terminal.
  • the terminal calculates the channel response according to the Q function, N has been determined for a certain value and does not need to be determined from the received pilot signal.
  • the terminal dynamically determines the value of N according to the received pilot signal, and feeds back to the base station along with the CSI quantization information. In this way, the terminal needs to calculate the N value based on the pilot signal.
  • the value of N mentioned above is a value that is highly correlated with multipath information. Therefore, the terminal can estimate the multipath according to the full-dimension pilot or perform beam resolving according to the beam pilot to determine multipath information feedback to the base station. .
  • the terminal may determine whether the candidate function model is more suitable by using the full-dimensional pilot or the beam pilot.
  • the function Q model 1 and the function Q model 2 have different characteristics respectively.
  • the overhead compression ratio of the model 1 is not high, but the CSI may be more accurate and the robustness may be better.
  • the overhead compression ratio of the model 2 will be higher, but the CSI It may not be particularly accurate, affecting the final precoding performance, and the robustness will be worse.
  • the terminal can be combined with various factors to consider whether mode 1 or model 2 is more suitable.
  • the basis for the judgment may be: the effect of the pilot overhead and the feedback overhead compression, the accuracy of the channel information, and the capacity of the current uplink feedback channel.
  • the terminal can calculate the channel response information between the Mt transmit antenna ports and all the receive antennas according to the function Q to obtain the channel matrix.
  • the channel information can be quantized and fed back in a similar manner to the related art.
  • the method mainly focuses on the reduction of the pilot signal overhead, and can be used for calculating the CQI in the TDD system (the TDD system does not feed back the PMI).
  • the embodiment provides a method for acquiring channel information feedback, including:
  • Step 81 The transmitting end selects Nt transmit antenna ports from the Mt transmit antenna ports to send pilot signals.
  • Step 82 The transmitting end receives the Nt-dimensional quantized channel information fed back by the receiving end.
  • Step 83 The transmitting end determines a parameter in a channel information calculation function (abbreviated as function P) according to the quantized channel information of the Nt dimension;
  • Step 84 The transmitting end calculates channel information according to the channel information calculation function.
  • the Nt-dimensional quantized channel information is calculated by the terminal according to the received pilot signal.
  • the channel information can be CSI.
  • the CSI information calculated by the terminal for Nt-dimensional quantization is calculated according to Nt pilot ports, that is, the channel matrix obtained by the terminal is only Nt-dimensional rather than all-guided.
  • the terminal can select an optimal Nt-dimensional codeword (vector or matrix of Nt rows) that best matches the Nt-dimensional channel matrix through the Nt-dimensional codebook, and feed back the PMI to the base station. Since the base station and the terminal share the same codebook information together, the base station can easily know the precoding matrix corresponding to the PMI.
  • the terminal may also perform amplitude and phase quantization on the elements of the Nt channel matrix H and provide feedback to the base station.
  • the terminal may also feed back the feature vector information of the channel matrix to the base station by using a codebook feedback method or directly quantizing the feature vector element.
  • the terminal may also feed back the autocorrelation matrix information of the channel to the base station, because the matrix is A conjugated symmetric matrix, so part of the elements of the matrix can be quantized using element quantization and fed back to the base station.
  • the base station may use the channel information to determine an undetermined parameter of the function P.
  • the base station needs to determine the parameters of the function P to calculate the precoding information of the complete Mt dimension.
  • the model of the function P can be one of the following two models.
  • a 1 , A 2 ... A N are complex numbers, ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 2v ... ⁇ Nv , ⁇ 1h , ⁇ 2h ... ⁇ Nh , ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are phase parameters, and the value interval is [0, 2 ⁇ ], where ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are phase parameters of the two-dimensional antenna topology, ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 2v ... ⁇ Nv are phase parameters of the vertical direction of the three-dimensional antenna topology, and ⁇ 1h , ⁇ 2h ...
  • ⁇ Nh are three-dimensional antennas
  • the phase parameter of the horizontal direction of the topology, T( ⁇ ) is a vector or matrix function, where ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are real numbers, f i represents frequency domain position information, i is a subcarrier index, and N is a positive integer.
  • the sub-function T( ⁇ ) of the function P is generally a function strongly related to the antenna topology and polarization, such as
  • D represents a DFT vector function
  • D( ⁇ v , N v ) represents an N v dimension
  • the DFT vector with an angular direction of ⁇ v is defined as
  • the number of antenna ports in which N v is a vertical dimension is determined.
  • N v in FIGS. 2 and 4 are 8 and 4, respectively, and ⁇ v is a parameter to be determined.
  • D( ⁇ h , N h ) represents a D h vector with an N h dimension and an angular direction of ⁇ h , which is defined as Where N h is the number of antenna ports in the vertical dimension.
  • ⁇ v ⁇ h parameters to be determined: ( ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 1h )( ⁇ 2v , ⁇ 2h )...( ⁇ Nv , ⁇ Nh )
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N generally represent the delay parameter, which is an unknown parameter and needs to be calculated and determined according to the received low-dimensional PMI information.
  • N is an unknown parameter to be determined, and the value of N is generally affected by the number of multipaths. The larger the number of multipaths, the larger the value of N needs to be, which means that there are more unknown parameters in function P.
  • the function P is affected by the following information: channel multipath number, antenna topology, day Line polarization direction.
  • the number of channels multipath affects the number of parameters to be determined for P
  • the antenna topology affects the functional model of P
  • the antenna polarization direction also affects the functional model of P.
  • the parameters to be determined are calculated and estimated according to the PMI corresponding precoding matrix of the Nt dimension. If the channel responses of the Nt antennas are completely uncorrelated, theoretically at least the PMI of the same number of dimensions as the undetermined parameters in the P function is needed to calculate these undetermined parameters, assuming a certain N value.
  • the determined parameters include ( ⁇ 1va , ⁇ 1ha )( ⁇ 2va , ⁇ 2ha )...( ⁇ Nva , ⁇ Nha )( ⁇ 1vb , ⁇ 1hb )( ⁇ 2vb , ⁇ 2hb )...( ⁇ Nvb , ⁇ Nhb ), A 1 , A 2 ...
  • a N may also include ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N and the like.
  • Nt pilots are generally not completely uncorrelated. Therefore, the value of Nt generally needs to be larger than the number of unknown parameters. Considering the influence of interference and noise in the system, more Nt numbers can be beneficial. Suppress interference noise.
  • the terminal is semi-static to recommend the value of one N to the base station; and the other way is that the terminal dynamically determines the value of N and is together with the CSI quantization information. Feedback to the base station.
  • the terminal may determine whether the candidate function model is more suitable by using the full-dimensional pilot or the beam pilot.
  • Model 1 and Model 2 of function P have different characteristics respectively.
  • the overhead compression ratio of model 1 is not high, but CSI may be more accurate and robustness may be better.
  • the overhead compression ratio of model 2 may be higher, but CSI may It won't be particularly accurate, it will affect the final precoding performance, and the robustness will be worse.
  • the terminal can be combined with various factors to consider whether mode 1 or model 2 is more suitable.
  • the basis for the judgment may be: the effect of the pilot overhead and the feedback overhead compression, the accuracy of the channel information, and the capacity of the current uplink feedback channel.
  • This embodiment provides a transmitting end, as shown in FIG. 9, including a port selecting module 91 and a sending module 92, where:
  • the port selection module 91 is configured to select Nt transmit antenna ports from Mt transmit antenna ports;
  • the sending module 92 is configured to use the Nt transmit antennas selected by the port selection module 91.
  • the port sends a pilot signal to the receiving end, and is configured to send the pilot channel sending configuration information to the receiving end;
  • Mt and Nt are both positive integers and Nt is less than Mt.
  • the pilot signal transmission configuration information includes any one or any combination of the following information:
  • the pilot signals of the selected Nt transmit antenna ports transmit location information.
  • the sending end further includes:
  • the receiving module 93 is configured to receive the pilot signal sent by the receiving end to send recommendation information.
  • the determining module 94 is configured to determine the pilot signal sending configuration information according to the recommendation information
  • the pilot signal sending recommendation information includes any one or any combination of the following information:
  • the pilot signals of the selected Nt transmit antenna ports transmit location information.
  • the receiving module 93 is further configured to receive the Nt-dimensional quantized channel information fed back by the receiving end;
  • the transmitting end further includes: a calculating module 95, configured to determine a parameter in the channel information calculating function according to the Nt-dimensional quantized channel information, and calculate channel information according to the channel information calculating function.
  • a calculating module 95 configured to determine a parameter in the channel information calculating function according to the Nt-dimensional quantized channel information, and calculate channel information according to the channel information calculating function.
  • a receiving module may be newly configured to receive the Nt-dimensional quantized channel information fed back by the receiving end without multiplexing the receiving module 93.
  • the quantized channel information includes one or more of the following information:
  • One or more channel feature vector information is provided.
  • the channel information calculation function is a function related to one or more of the following information: multipath number, antenna topology, antenna polarization direction, antenna spacing, and operating frequency.
  • model of the channel information calculation function is:
  • a 1 , A 2 ... A N are complex numbers, wherein ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 2v ... ⁇ Nv , ⁇ 1h , ⁇ 2h ... ⁇ Nh , ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are phase parameters, and the value is 0 to 2 ⁇ , T( ⁇ ) is a vector or matrix function, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are real numbers, f i is representative of frequency domain position information, and N is a positive integer.
  • T( ⁇ ) is a function related to one or more of the following information: antenna topology, antenna polarization direction, antenna spacing.
  • the embodiment further provides a receiving end, as shown in FIG. 10, including a receiving module 1001, a calculating module 1002, and a sending module 1003, where:
  • the receiving module 1001 is configured to receive pilot signal sending configuration information sent by the sending end, and send, according to the pilot signal, configuration information, a pilot signal sent by the transmitting end from the Nt antenna ports;
  • the calculating module 1002 is configured to determine a parameter of a channel response function according to the received pilot signal, and calculate channel matrix information of the Mt dimension according to the channel response function;
  • the sending module 1003 is configured to feed back channel information to the sending end according to the channel matrix information of the Mt dimension;
  • Mt and Nt are both positive integers and Nt is less than Mt.
  • the channel response function is a function related to one or more of the following information: channel multipath number, antenna topology, antenna polarization direction, antenna spacing, operating frequency
  • model of the channel response function is:
  • a 1 , A 2 ... A N are complex numbers, wherein ⁇ 1v , ⁇ 2v ... ⁇ Nv , ⁇ 1h , ⁇ 2h ... ⁇ Nh , ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are phase parameters, and the value is 0 to 2 ⁇ , T( ⁇ ) is a vector or matrix function, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ N are real numbers, f i is representative of frequency domain position information, and N is a positive integer.
  • the transmitting end selects Nt ports from the Mt transmit antenna ports to transmit pilot signals, which reduces pilot and feedback overhead.
  • using the reduced-dimensional low-dimensional pilot to obtain complete high-dimensional channel matrix information through the function Q and feedback is effective to reduce the pilot overhead, or use the function P to obtain high-dimensionality from the low-dimensional channel information at the transmitting end.
  • the channel information effectively reduces the pilot and feedback overhead, and the related technology has a significant resource utilization improvement effect.

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开一种导频发送方法、信道信息测量反馈方法、发送端及接收端，所述导频发送方法包括：发送端从Mt个发送天线端口中选择Nt个发送天线端口发送导频信号给接收端；所述发送端将导频信号发送配置信息发送给所述接收端，其中，Mt与Nt均为正整数，Nt小于Mt。

Description

导频发送方法、信道信息测量反馈方法、发送端及接收端 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及但不限于通信领域，尤其涉及无线通信领域中的导频发送方法、信道信息的测量反馈方法、发送端及接收端。
背景技术
无线通信系统中，发送端和接收端常常使用多根天线以获取更高的传输速率。多根天线能够带来信噪比的提升以及支持更多的空间复用层数，相对于发送端不使用信道状态信息(Channel State Information，CSI)的开环多输入多输出(Multi-input Multi-output，MIMO)技术，如空时分组码(Space-time block code，STBC)，空频分组码(Space-Frequency block code，SFBC)及开环波束赋形(Beamforming，BF)，使用CSI的MIMO技术的闭环MIMO预编码(Precoding)会有更高的容量，是目前主流的4G标准广泛使用的一种传输技术。
闭环MIMO预编码技术的核心思想是接收端反馈信道信息给发送端，发送端根据获得的信道信息使用一些发射预编码技术，极大的提高传输性能。对于单用户MIMO系统，可以直接使用与信道特征矢量信息比较匹配的预编码矢量进行发送预编码；对于多用户MIMO系统，也需要比较准确的信道信息进行干扰消除。因此发送端信道信息的获取有着非常重要的作用。在4G的一些技术如LTE/LTE-A，802.16m标准规范中，信道信息的获取的一般流程如下：
A：发送端发送信道状态信息参考信号(Channel State Information-Reference Signals，CSI-RS)，该CSI-RS用于测量信道信息。在LTE-A中支持最大8天线端口的CSI-RS发送。基站发送信令配置CSI-RS的相关位置信息和发送周期信息给终端。导频信号的发送内容由预先约定的一些规则确定，终端能准确的获知每个端口在每个时频位置的导频信号发送内容。导频发送图样如图1所示。
B:终端接收CSI-RS的配置信息，在对应位置进行导频信号接收与检测，获得接收导频信号，由于能准确的获知导频发送信号，根据接收的导频信号可以进行信道估计获得接收天线与发送天线端口间的信道响应信息。在信道估计时需要考虑噪声及干扰的影响，可以采用MMSE等算法进行估计，最终得到各时频资源位置上域发送端口数匹配的信道矩阵。
C：根据得到的信道矩阵，进而可以计算最优的CSI。CSI一般包括预编码矩阵指示(Precoding Matrix Indicator，PMI)，信道质量指示(channel quality indicator，CQI)，秩指示(Rank Indicator，RI)信息三种，PMI信息是根据信道矩阵计算出的推荐预编码信息，由于目前是仅仅针对单用户MIMO的假设下进行预编码推荐，因此一般也可以理解为表征信道的特征矢量。CQI用于指示调制编码方式，实际也隐含了信干噪比(Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio，SINR)的信息，表征了链路性能。RI表征的是推荐的空间复用层数。本发明实施例中最为关注的是预编码信息PMI的计算与获取。
目前的预编码信息反馈是利用较简单的单一码本的反馈方法，MIMO的发射预编码技术的性能比较依赖于其中码本反馈的设计。这里将基于码本的信道信息量化反馈的基本原理简要阐述如下：
假设有限反馈信道容量为Bbps/Hz，那么可用的码字的个数为N＝2B个。信道矩阵的特征矢量空间经过量化构成码本空间
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000001
发射端与接收端共同保存或实时产生此码本(收发端的码本相同)。根据接收端获得的信道矩阵H，接收端根据一定准则从
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000002
中选择一个与信道最匹配的码字
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000003
并将码字序号i反馈回发射端。这里，码字序号为PMI。发射端根据此序号i找到相应的预编码码字
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000004
从而获得信道信息，
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000005
表示了信道的特征矢量信息。
D：终端通过上行物理层的控制信道或者上行物理层的数据信道将计算得到的CQI/PMI/RI信息反馈给基站。基站基于终端的反馈信息进行传输层数的确定，编码调制方式确定及发送预编码的确定。
上面介绍的是适合不超过8天线的相关系统的闭环MIMO导频与反馈的设计，其目的是使得发送端能够较为准确的获知信道信息用于提高发送链路性能。随着无线通信技术的高速发展，用户无线应用越来越丰富，带动了无线数据业务迅速增长，据预测，未来10年间，数据业务以每年1.6-2倍速率 增长，这给无线接入网络带来了巨大的挑战。多天线技术是应对无线数据业务爆发式增长挑战的关键技术，目前4G中支持的多天线技术仅仅支持最大8端口的水平维度波束赋形技术，还有较大的潜力进一步的大幅提升系统容量。多天线技术的演进主要围绕着以下几个目标:①更大的波束赋形/预编码增益，②更多的空间复用层数(MU/SU)及更小的层间干扰，③更全面的覆盖，④更小的站点间干扰。Massive MIMO和3D MIMO是下一代无线通信中MIMO演进的最主要的两种候选技术。基于Massive MIMO技术的系统主要特征为：基站侧配置有大规模天线阵列，比如100个天线，甚至更多，在数据传输的时候，利用MU-MIMO技术，同时同频复用多个用户，一般来说，天线数目与复用用户数目比例维持在5-10倍左右。可以证明，无论是在视距环境的强相关信道，还是富散射下的非相关信道，任意两个用户的信道之间的相关系数随着天线数目的增加成指数形式衰减，比如当基站侧配置有100根天线时，任意两个用户的信道之间相关系数趋近于0，也即是说多用户对应信道之间接近正交。另一方面，大阵列可以带来非常可观的阵列增益和分集增益。3D MIMO的主要技术特征是，在垂直维度和水平维度，均具备很好的波束赋形的能力。这需要天线的排布是2D的形式而不是仅仅在单一的维度上摆放。由于天线尺寸的限制，不太可能在一个维度摆放上百根的天线，因此，大多数的应用场景中当应用massive MIMO技术时，3D MIMO一般也会结合使用。另外，为了节约天线尺寸并且提供更好的分集性能或复用能力，双极化天线也被广泛的应用于Massive MIMO。使用双极化天线可以使得天线的尺寸缩小到原来的一半。
可以看到未来MIMO技术的一个重要发展趋势是天线数目会大大的增加，随着天线数目增加，信道容量会有所增加，但天线数目增加带给导频和反馈设计的压力是非常大的。一方面天线数目成倍增加意味着导频数目也需要与之对应的成倍增加，成倍的导频开销会占用掉数据传输的可用资源，降低资源利用率。另外一方面天线数目增加意味着反馈维度的增加，为了达到期望的性能，相对于低维码本中包含的码字会指数级增长，这意味着信道信息计算的复杂度会显著增加，并且码本的反馈开销也会明显的增长。
通过上面的介绍可以看出，目前的导频及反馈技术可以理解为全维度的 导频发送和反馈技术，支持最大8端口的导频和8Tx的码本反馈，适合天线端口较少的情况。对于较大规模的天线，传统的导频及反馈技术会带来：导频开销，反馈开销，导频估计复杂度和信道信息量化复杂度的显著增加，不再适合大规模天线系统。因此有必要研究开销更小，复杂度更低的导频发送和信道信息反馈技术。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本发明实施例提供的导频发送方法、信道信息测量反馈方法、发送端及接收端，可以降低导频开销和信息反馈开销。
本发明实施例提供一种导频信号发送方法，包括：
发送端从Mt个发送天线端口中选择Nt个发送天线端口发送导频信号给接收端；
所述发送端将导频信号发送配置信息发送给所述接收端；
其中，Mt与Nt均为正整数，Nt小于Mt。
可选地，所述导频信号发送配置信息包括以下信息中的任意一个或任意组合:
Mt的信息及选出的发送天线端口的数量Nt的信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的标识信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的导频信号发送位置信息。
可选地，上述方法还包括：所述发送端接收所述接收端发送的导频信号发送推荐信息，根据所述推荐信息确定所述导频信号发送配置信息；其中，导频信号发送推荐信息包括以下信息中的任意一个或任意组合：
Mt的信息，
选出的发送天线端口的数量Nt的信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的标识信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的导频信号发送位置信息。
本发明实施例还提供一种信道信息的测量反馈方法，包括：
接收端接收发送端发送的导频信号发送配置信息，根据所述导频信号发送配置信息接收发送端从Nt个天线端口发送的导频信号；
所述接收端根据接收的导频信号确定信道响应函数的参数，根据信道响应函数计算Mt维的信道矩阵信息；
所述接收端根据Mt维的信道矩阵信息向所述发送端反馈信道信息；
其中，Mt与Nt均为正整数，Nt小于Mt。
可选地，所述信道响应函数为一个与以下信息中的一种或多种相关的函数：信道多径数目、天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距、工作频率。
可选地，所述信道响应函数中的部分参数由接收端根据接收导频信号计算确定。
可选地，所述信道响应函数的模型为：
f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))
f(A1T(θ1),A2T(θ2)…ANT(θN))
或
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000007
其中A1,A2…AN为复数，其中θ1v,θ2v…θNv，θ1h,θ2h…θNh，θ1,θ2…θN为相位参数，取值为0～2π，T(·)为矢量或矩阵函数，τ1,τ2…τN为实数，fi表征频域位置信息，N为正整数。
可选地，T(·)由发送端配置信息确定。
可选地，T(·)为一个与以下信息中的一种或多种相关的函数：天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距。
可选地，所述信道响应函数的模型由发送端配置确定。
可选地，所述N值由发送端配置确定。
可选地，所述N值由接收端根据接收的导频信号计算确定。
可选地，所述方法还包括，所述接收端发送其推荐的N值的选择信息给发送端。
可选地，所述方法还包括，所述接收端发送其推荐的函数模型选择信息给发送端。
本发明实施例还提供一种获取信道信息反馈的方法，包括：
发送端从Mt个发送天线端口中选出Nt个发送天线端口发送导频信号；
所述发送端接收接收端反馈的Nt维的量化信道信息；
所述发送端根据所述Nt维的量化信道信息确定信道信息计算函数中的参数；
所述发送端根据所述信道信息计算函数计算信道信息；
其中，Mt与Nt均为正整数，Nt小于Mt。
可选地，所述量化信道信息包含以下信息中的一种或多种：
预编码矢量或矩阵的指示信息，
信道矩阵H的元素量化信息，
一个或多个信道特征矢量信息，
信道自相关矩阵的量化信息。
可选地，所述信道信息计算函数为与以下信息中一种或多种相关的函数：多径数目、天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距、工作频率。
可选地，所述信道信息计算函数的模型为：
f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))
f(A1T(θ1),A2T(θ2)…ANT(θN))
或
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000009
其中A1,A2…AN为复数，其中θ1v,θ2v…θNv，θ1h,θ2h…θNh，θ1,θ2…θN为相位参数，取值为0～2π，T(·)为矢量或矩阵函数，τ1,τ2…τN为实数，fi表征频域位置信息，N为正整数。
可选地，T(·)为一个与以下信息中的一种或多种相关的函数：天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述发送端接收所述接收端推荐的N值的选择信息。
可选地，其中，所述信道信息计算函数存在多个候选模型，所述方法还包括：所述发送端接收所述接收端推荐的模型选择信息。
本发明实施例还提供一种发送端，包括：
端口选择模块，设置为从Mt个发送天线端口中选择Nt个发送天线端口；以及
发送模块，设置为用所述端口选择模块选择的Nt个发送天线端口发送导频信号给接收端，以及设置为将导频信道发送配置信息发送给所述接收端；
其中，Mt与Nt均为正整数，Nt小于Mt。
可选地，所述导频信号发送配置信息包括以下信息中的任意一个或任意组合：
Mt的信息及选出的发送天线端口的数量Nt的信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的标识信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的导频信号发送位置信息。
可选地，上述发送端还包括：
接收模块，设置为接收所述接收端发送的导频信号发送推荐信息；
确定模块，设置为根据所述推荐信息确定所述导频信号发送配置信息；
其中，导频信号发送推荐信息包括以下信息中的任意一个或任意组合：
Mt的信息，
选出的发送天线端口的数量Nt的信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的标识信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的导频信号发送位置信息。
可选地，上述发送端还包括：
接收模块，设置为接收接收端反馈的Nt维的量化信道信息；
计算模块，设置为根据所述Nt维的量化信道信息确定信道信息计算函数中的参数，根据所述信道信息计算函数计算信道信息。
可选地，所述量化信道信息包含以下信息中的一种或多种：
预编码矢量或矩阵的指示信息，
信道矩阵H的元素量化信息，
一个或多个信道特征矢量信息，
信道自相关矩阵的量化信息。
可选地，所述信道信息计算函数为与以下信息中一种或多种相关的函数：多径数目、天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距、工作频率。
可选地，所述信道信息计算函数的模型为：
f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))
f(A1T(θ1),A2T(θ2)…ANT(θN))
或
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000011
其中A1,A2…AN为复数，其中θ1v,θ2v…θNv，θ1h,θ2h…θNh，θ1,θ2…θN为相位参数，取值为0～2π，T(·)为矢量或矩阵函数，τ1,τ2…τN为实数，fi表征频域位置信息，N为正整数。
可选地，所述T(·)为一个与以下信息中的一种或多种相关的函数：天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距。
本发明实施例还提供一种接收端，包括：
接收模块，设置为接收发送端发送的导频信号发送配置信息，根据所述导频信号发送配置信息接收发送端从Nt个天线端口发送的导频信号；
计算模块，设置为根据接收的导频信号确定信道响应函数的参数，根据信道响应函数计算Mt维的信道矩阵信息；以及
发送模块，设置为根据Mt维的信道矩阵信息向所述发送端反馈信道信息；
其中，Mt与Nt均为正整数，Nt小于Mt。
可选地，所述信道响应函数为一个与以下信息中的一种或多种相关的函数：信道多径数目、天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距、工作频率
可选地，所述信道响应函数的模型为：
f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))
f(A1T(θ1),A2T(θ2)…ANT(θN))
或
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000013
其中A1,A2…AN为复数，其中θ1v,θ2v…θNv，θ1h,θ2h…θNh，θ1,θ2…θN为相位参数，取值为0～2π，T(·)为矢量或矩阵函数，τ1,τ2…τN为实数，fi表征频域位置信息，N为正整数。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有程序指令，当该程序指令被执行时可实现上述方法。
本发明实施例中，发送端从Mt个发送天线端口中选出Nt个端口发送导频信号，降低了导频与反馈开销。在接收端利用降维的低维导频通过函数Q获得完整的高维信道矩阵信息并进行反馈有效的降低了导频开销，或者在发送端利用函数P由低维的信道信息获得高维的信道信息，有效的降低了导频 与反馈开销，相对相关技术有显著的资源利用率提升的效果。
在阅读并理解了附图和详细描述后，可以明白其他方面。
附图概述
图1为相关技术中的导频图样；
图2(a)-(d)为相关技术中的天线拓扑示意图；
图3为实施例一的导频发送方法流程图；
图4(a)-(d)为实施例一的不同天线拓扑的发送天线端口选择图样示意图；
图5(a)-(b)为实施例一的不同资源块、子带或子帧的发送天线端口选择图样示意图；
图6为实施例一的导频波束示意图；
图7为实施例二的信道信息的测量反馈方法流程图；
图8为实施例三的获取信道信息反馈的方法流程图；
图9为实施例四的发送端的结构示意图；
图10为实施例四的接收端的结构示意图。
本发明的实施方式
大规模MIMO系统由于采用了较多的天线，且需要支持3D MIMO，其天线拓扑相对相关技术的1,2,4,8天线系统会更加复杂一些。一般来说，我们可以从3个维度来分配总的天线，分别为水平维度H(horizontal)，垂直维度V(vertical)和极化维度P(polarization)。总的天线数目＝H x V x P
图2为几种常见的天线拓扑，图2(a)为64Tx(8V|8H|1P)，图2(b)为128Tx(8V|8H|2P)，图2(c)为64Tx(4V|16H|1P)，图2(d)为128Tx(4V|16H|2P)。另外还有：4V|4H|2P，4V|8H|2P，8V|2H|2P，4V|2H|2P，4V|4H|1P，4V|8H|1P，8V|2H|1P，4V|2H|1P等等多种拓扑，其他未给出说明的以此类推。本发明实施例主要关注的是线性和矩阵阵列，其他阵列也适用本发明实施例 中给出的技术方案。
下面将结合附图及实施例进行更详细的说明。
需要说明的是，如果不冲突，本发明实施例以及实施例中的各个特征可以相互结合。另外，虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。以下实施例以基站作为发送端，终端作为接收端为例，本领域技术人员可以理解，发送端和接收端也可以是其他设备。
实施例1
如图3所示，本实施例提供一种导频发送方法，包括：
步骤31，基站在Mt个发送天线端口中选出Nt个端口发送导频信号；
步骤32，基站将导频信号发送配置信息发送给终端。
其中，所述导频信号发送配置信息可以包括以下信息中的任意一个或任意组合：
Mt的信息及选出的发送天线端口的数量Nt的信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的标识信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的导频信号发送位置信息。
其中，Mt可以是系统配置的用来发送导频信号的天线端口数。
Nt数值的大小关系到降维的程度、开销压缩的效果以及信道估计的性能。Nt的取值可以根据多径散射丰富程度，以及天线之间相关性的(天线间距会影响天线相关性)确定。多径散射越丰富，Nt的取值可以越接近Mt的数值，多径散射越小，Nt的取值就可以越小；天线之间的相关性越强，Nt的取值越小。
其中，基站可以根据终端上报的推荐信息确定Nt的取值。由于终端能够较为准确的获知一些信道的特征信息，因此终端可以通过长周期发送的全维导频来较为准确的确定Nt的取值，并且可以通过上行控制信道或数据信道向基站发送推荐的Nt取值信息。基站确定Nt的数值后可以通过下行控制信令发送给终端。
可选地，可以选择距离较远相关性较小的Nt个端口。基站可以将该Nt个端口的端口ID通过物理层信令发送给终端。图4给出了了几种不同天线拓扑情况下天线端口选择示例，黑色标出的端口为选择出的Nt个端口，图4(a)为从64Tx(8V|8H|1P)中选择出10个端口，图4(b)为从128Tx(8V|8H|2P)中选择出24个端口，图4(c)为从64Tx(4V|16H|1P)中选择出16个端口，图4(d)为从64Tx(4V|16H|1P)中选择出32个端口。
其中，所选择的Nt个导频端口可以为固定的Nt个端口，也可以不同的子帧，不同的子带或不同的资源块中有不同的端口选择图样。如图5所示，图5(a)为RBi或Subbandi或Subframei的端口选择图样，图5(b)为RBj或Subbandj或Subframej的端口选择图样，其中，i和j为资源块/子带/子帧索引，i≠j。
可选地，当不同的子帧或不同的资源块的端口选择图样不同时，可以通过信令配置多个端口选择图样分别对应不同的资源块索引、子带索引或子帧索引，进而根据资源块索引、子带索引或子帧索引确定使用的端口选择图样。
可选地，终端可以向基站发送其推荐的导频信号发送配置信息。例如，终端可以进行周期较长的全维导频检测，基站需要配置一个长周期的Mt维度导频发送。该导频可以用于终端测量确定信道的一些特征，比如多径散射丰富程度，天线之间信道响应的相关性。根据这些特征，考虑终端当前位置的噪声和干扰情况，终端可以计算得到一个推荐的导频发送参数Nt给基站。
基站也可以发送多个经过波束赋形的Pilot Beam，供终端进行降维程度的判断，即Nt的取值判断，以及Nt个发送端口ID的选择。这种Pilot beam是多个天线上的发送信号进行加权预编码合并后形成的，对应于多根发送天线。图6为Pilot beam的示意图，每个波束都是由Mt根天线预编码形成的，可以用于多径分辨以确定大致的多径数目，从而估算出Nt值推荐给基站。
终端还可以向基站推荐Nt个发送导频位置的信息，该信息可以利用全维的测量导频或多个波束导频进行发送导频端口之间的相关性预测。该相关性预测可以是用信道矩阵H的自相关矩阵统计信息得到相关矩阵或用多径信息重构相关矩阵。通过相关矩阵判断发送天线端口之间的相关性，从而选出Nt个两两相关性较弱的端口进行导频发送。
终端选出这一些导频端口之后，在上行信道中反馈这些端口的ID信息给基站。为了节约信令，基站可以针对Mt个天线端口中选Nt个端口给出M种候选方式，例如如下表所示。终端可以从多种候选的配置索引中选出一种推荐索引反馈给基站。
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000014
实施例二
如图7所示，本实施例提供一种信道信息的测量反馈方法，包括：
步骤71，终端接收基站发送的导频信号发送配置信息，根据所述导频信号发送配置信息接收基站从Nt个天线端口发送的导频信号；
步骤72，终端根据接收的导频信号确定信道响应函数(简称函数Q)的参数，根据信道响应函数计算Mt维的信道矩阵信息；
步骤73，终端根据Mt维的信道矩阵信息向基站反馈信道信息。
其中，终端需要确定函数Q的参数，输入收发天线ID的位置，即可计算出该收发天线对之间的信道响应信息，因此可以计算出Nr根接收天线与Nt根发送天线之间的信道响应信道获取完整的信道矩阵。该函数Q是一非确定性函数：
其中，函数Q的模型可以为以下两种模型中的一种，需要基站进行配置，比如可以设置模型1和模型2两种模型，基站配置其中一种模型给终端。
函数Q模型1：
f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))
f(A1T(θ1),A2T(θ2)…ANT(θN))
函数Q模型2：
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000016
其中A1,A2…AN为复数，θ1v,θ2v…θNv，θ1h,θ2h…θNh，θ1,θ2…θN为相位参数，取值区间为[0,2π]，其中θ1,θ2…θN为二维天线拓扑的相位参数，θ1v,θ2v…θNv为三维天线拓扑的垂直方向的相位参数，θ1h,θ2h…θNh为三维天线拓扑的水平方向的相位参数，T(·)为矢量或矩阵函数，其中τ1,τ2…τN为实数，fi表征频域位置信息，i为子载波索引，N为正整数。
其中函数Q的子函数T(·)需要基站进行配置，T(·)可以为一个与天线拓扑和极化情况强相关的函数，比如
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000017
D表示一个DFT矢量函数，D(θv,Nv)表示一个Nv维，角度方向为θv的DFT矢量，其定义为
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000018
其中Nv为垂直维度的天线端 口数目，比如图2(a)和图2(c)中的Nv分别为8和4，θv是待确定参数。D(θh,Nh)表示一个Nh维，角度方向为θh的DFT矢量，其定义为
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000019
其中Nh为垂直维度的天线端口数目确定，比如图2(a)和图2(c)中的Nv分别为8和16，θh是待确定参数，对应到函数Q中，则存在2N个待确定的θvθh参数：(θ1v,θ1h)(θ2v,θ2h)…(θNv,θNh)
一般来说存在NvxNh＝Mt的关系，这是由天线结构确定的。
如果可以考虑极化的情况，也可以是：
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000020
存在4N个待确定的θvθh参数：(θ1va,θ1ha)(θ2va,θ2ha)…(θNva,θNha)(θ1vb,θ1hb)(θ2vb,θ2hb)…(θNvb,θNhb)
对于双极化存在NvxNhx2＝Mt，这是由天线结构确定的。
可选地，f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))可以表示A1T(θ1v,θ1h)，A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh)的线性叠加，最终形成一个Nt维的矩阵或矢量。
同样的
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000021
也可表示
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000022
的线性叠加，这里fi表示频域位置，根据实际的频域位置确定。τ1,τ2…τN表示延迟参数，为未知参数，需要根据接收导频计算确定。
其中，基站可以直接配置T(·)的信息给终端，终端也可以根据基站配置的极化信息，天线拓扑信息来确定T(·)。
N为一个待确定的未知参数，N的值一般受到多径数目的影响。多径数目越多，N的取值需要越大，函数Q中的未知参数会更多。
函数Q会受到以下信息的影响：信道多径数目、天线拓扑、天线极化方向。其中信道多径数目影响Q的待确定参数个数，天线拓扑影响函数Q的模型，天线极化方向也会影响函数Q的模型。
对于函数Q，我们可以看到待确定的参数是需要根据Nt个导频的测量结果来计算与估计得到的。如果Nt个导频为完全不相关的导频，理论上至少需要与Q函数中未确定参数相同个数的导频即可计算出这些未确定参数，在假设一个确定的N值的情况下这些未确定参数包括了(θ1va,θ1ha)(θ2va,θ2ha)…(θNva,θNha)(θ1vb,θ1hb)(θ2vb,θ2hb)…(θNvb,θNhb)，A1,A2…AN，还可以包括τ1,τ2…τN等等。而实际上Nt个导频一般都不会是完全不相关的，因此，Nt的取值一般需要大于未知参数个数，考虑到系统中干扰和噪声的影响，更多的Nt个数可以有利于压制干扰噪声。
可选的，终端可以通过较长周期的全维CSI，计算出一个最佳的Nt值推荐给基站，基站确定Nt值后配置给终端。
本实施例中可以有两种途径确定N值：一种是终端半静态的推荐一个N的取值给基站，基站确定N的取值后配置给终端，在终端根据Q函数计算信道响应时，N已经为一个确定值不需要根据接收导频信号计算确定。另一种方式是，终端根据接收导频信号，动态的确定N的取值，并与CSI量化信息一起反馈给基站。这种方式终端需要根据导频信号计算确定N值。
前面提到N的取值是一个与多径信息相关度很高的值，因此，终端可以根据全维的导频估计多径的数量或者根据波束导频进行波束分辨确定多径信息反馈给基站。
可选地，终端可以通过全维的导频或者据波束导频进行判断，哪个候选的函数模型会更适合。
函数Q模型1和函数Q模型2分别有不同的特点，模型1的开销压缩率不高，但是CSI可能更准确，鲁棒性也可能更好，模型2的开销压缩率会更高，但是CSI可能不会特别准确，会影响最终的预编码性能，鲁棒性也会差一些。终端可以结合各种因素综合的考虑模式1还是模型2更适合。判断的依据可以是：导频开销和反馈开销压缩的效果，信道信息的准确性，当前上行反馈信道的容量。
在函数Q的所有未知参数确定以后。终端可以根据函数Q计算出Mt个发送天线端口到所有接收天线之间的信道响应信息进而得到信道矩阵。
得到信道矩阵之后，可以采用与相关技术类似的方法进行信道信息的量化及反馈。该方法主要侧重于导频信号开销的降低，可以用于TDD系统中进行CQI的计算(TDD系统不反馈PMI)。
实施例三
如图8所示，本实施例提供一种获取信道信息反馈的方法，包括：
步骤81，发送端从Mt个发送天线端口中选出Nt个发送天线端口发送导频信号；
步骤82，所述发送端接收接收端反馈的Nt维的量化信道信息；
步骤83，所述发送端根据所述Nt维的量化信道信息确定信道信息计算函数(简称函数P)中的参数；
步骤84，所述发送端根据所述信道信息计算函数计算信道信息。
其中，Nt维的量化信道信息是终端根据接收的导频信号计算得到的。该信道信息可以为CSI。与实施例二中不同的是，本实施例中，终端计算Nt维量化的CSI信息是根据Nt个导频端口计算得到的，也就是说其获得的信道矩阵仅仅是Nt维的而不是全部导频端口所对应的Mt维。
基于Nt维的信道矩阵，终端可以通过Nt维的码本选出一个与该Nt维的信道矩阵最为匹配的最佳Nt维的码字(Nt行的矢量或矩阵)，并反馈PMI给基站。由于基站和终端共同保存相同的码本信息，基站可以容易的获知PMI对应的预编码矩阵。
可选的，终端也可以针对Nt信道矩阵H的元素进行幅度和相位量化并进行反馈告知基站。
可选的，终端也可以利用码本反馈方法或直接量化特征矢量元素的方法反馈信道矩阵的特征矢量信息给基站。
可选的，终端也可以反馈信道的自相关矩阵信息给基站，由于该矩阵是 一个共轭对称的矩阵，因此可以利用元素量化方法量化该矩阵的部分元素，并反馈给基站。
基站接收到终端反馈的Nt维的量化信道信息以后，可以利用该信道信息确定函数P的未确定参数。
基站需要确定函数P的参数，即可计算完整的Mt维的预编码信息。
其中，函数P的模型可以为以下两种模型中的一种。
模型1：
f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))
f(A1T(θ1),A2T(θ2)…ANT(θN))
模型2：
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000024
其中A1,A2…AN为复数，θ1v,θ2v…θNv，θ1h,θ2h…θNh，θ1,θ2…θN为相位参数，取值区间为[0,2π]，其中θ1,θ2…θN为二维天线拓扑的相位参数，θ1v,θ2v…θNv为三维天线拓扑的垂直方向的相位参数，θ1h,θ2h…θNh为三维天线拓扑的水平方向的相位参数，T(·)为矢量或矩阵函数，其中τ1,τ2…τN为实数，fi表征频域位置信息，i为子载波索引，N为正整数。
其中函数P的子函数T(·)一般为一个与天线拓扑和极化情况强相关的函数，比如
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000025
D表示一个DFT矢量函数，D(θv,Nv)表示一个Nv维，角度方向为θv的DFT 矢量，其定义为
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000026
其中Nv为垂直维度的天线端口数目确定，比如图2和图4中的Nv分别为8和4，θv是待确定参数。D(θh,Nh)表示一个Nh维，角度方向为θh的DFT矢量，其定义为
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000027
其中Nh为垂直维度的天线端口数目确定，比如图2(a)和图2(c)中的Nv分别为8和16，θh是待确定参数，对应到函数P中，则存在2N个待确定的θvθh参数：(θ1v,θ1h)(θ2v,θ2h)…(θNv,θNh)
一般来说存在NvxNh＝Mt的关系，这是由天线结构确定的。
如果可以考虑极化的情况，也可以是：
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000028
存在4N个待确定的θvθh参数：(θ1va,θ1ha)(θ2va,θ2ha)…(θNva,θNha)(θ1vb,θ1hb)(θ2vb,θ2hb)…(θNvb,θNhb)
对于双极化存在NvxNhx2＝Mt，这是由天线结构确定的。
f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))一般表示A1T(θ1v,θ1h)，A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh)的线性叠加，最终形成一个Nt维的矩阵或矢量。
同样的
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000029
也表示
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000030
的线性叠加，这里fi表示频域位置，根据实际的频域位置确定。τ1,τ2…τN一般表示延迟参数，为未知参数，需要根据收到的低维PMI信息计算确定。
N为一个待确定的未知参数，N的值一般受到多径数目的影响。多径数目越多，N的取值需要越大，这意味着函数P中的未知参数会更多。
可以看到函数P会受到以下信息的影响：信道多径数目、天线拓扑、天 线极化方向。其中信道多径数目影响P的待确定参数个数，天线拓扑影响P的函数模型，天线极化方向也会影响P的函数模型。
对于函数P，待确定的参数是需要根据Nt维的PMI对应预编码矩阵来计算与估计得到的。如果Nt个天线的信道响应完全不相关，理论上至少需要与P函数中未确定参数相同个数的维度的PMI即可计算出这些未确定参数，在假设一个确定的N值的情况下这些未确定参数包括了(θ1va,θ1ha)(θ2va,θ2ha)…(θNva,θNha)(θ1vb,θ1hb)(θ2vb,θ2hb)…(θNvb,θNhb)，A1,A2…AN、还可以包括τ1,τ2…τN等等。而实际上Nt个导频一般都不会是完全不相关的，因此，Nt的取值一般需要大于未知参数个数，考虑到系统中干扰和噪声的影响，更多的Nt个数可以有利于压制干扰噪声。
本实施例中可以有两种途径确定N值：一种是终端半静态的推荐一个N的取值给基站；还有一种方式是，终端动态的确定N的取值，并与CSI量化信息一起反馈给基站。
可选地，终端可以通过全维的导频或者据波束导频进行判断，哪个候选的函数模型会更适合。
函数P的模型1和模型2分别有不同的特点，模型1的开销压缩率不高，但是CSI可能更准确，鲁棒性也可能更好，模型2的开销压缩率会更高，但是CSI可能不会特别准确，会影响最终的预编码性能，鲁棒性也会差一些。终端可以结合各种因素综合的考虑模式1还是模型2更适合。判断的依据可以是：导频开销和反馈开销压缩的效果，信道信息的准确性，当前上行反馈信道的容量。
实施例四
本实施例提供一种发送端，如图9所示，包括端口选择模块91和发送模块92，其中：
所述端口选择模块91，设置为从Mt个发送天线端口中选择Nt个发送天线端口；
所述发送模块92，设置为用所述端口选择模块91选择的Nt个发送天线 端口发送导频信号给接收端，以及设置为将导频信道发送配置信息发送给所述接收端；
其中，Mt与Nt均为正整数，Nt小于Mt。
可选地，
所述导频信号发送配置信息包括以下信息中的任意一个或任意组合：
Mt的信息及选出的发送天线端口的数量Nt的信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的标识信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的导频信号发送位置信息。
可选地，发送端还包括：
接收模块93，设置为接收所述接收端发送的导频信号发送推荐信息；
确定模块94，设置为根据所述推荐信息确定所述导频信号发送配置信息；
其中，导频信号发送推荐信息包括以下信息中的任意一个或任意组合：
Mt的信息，
选出的发送天线端口的数量Nt的信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的标识信息，
所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的导频信号发送位置信息。
可选地，接收模块93，还设置为接收接收端反馈的Nt维的量化信道信息；
发送端还包括：计算模块95，设置为根据所述Nt维的量化信道信息确定信道信息计算函数中的参数，根据所述信道信息计算函数计算信道信息。
可选地，可以新设置一接收模块来接收接收端反馈的Nt维的量化信道信息，而不必复用上述接收模块93。
可选地，所述量化信道信息包含以下信息中的一种或多种：
预编码矢量或矩阵的指示信息，
信道矩阵H的元素量化信息，
一个或多个信道特征矢量信息，
信道自相关矩阵的量化信息。
可选地，所述信道信息计算函数为与以下信息中一种或多种相关的函数：多径数目、天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距、工作频率。
可选地，所述信道信息计算函数的模型为：
f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))
f(A1T(θ1),A2T(θ2)…ANT(θN))
或
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000032
其中A1,A2…AN为复数，其中θ1v,θ2v…θNv，θ1h,θ2h…θNh，θ1,θ2…θN为相位参数，取值为0～2π，T(·)为矢量或矩阵函数，τ1,τ2…τN为实数，fi表征频域位置信息，N为正整数。
可选地，T(·)为一个与以下信息中的一种或多种相关的函数：天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距。
本实施例还提供一种接收端，如图10所示，包括接收模块1001、计算模块1002和发送模块1003，其中：
所述接收模块1001，设置为接收发送端发送的导频信号发送配置信息，根据所述导频信号发送配置信息接收发送端从Nt个天线端口发送的导频信号；
所述计算模块1002，设置为根据接收的导频信号确定信道响应函数的参数，根据信道响应函数计算Mt维的信道矩阵信息；
所述发送模块1003，设置为根据Mt维的信道矩阵信息向所述发送端反馈信道信息；
其中，Mt与Nt均为正整数，Nt小于Mt。
可选地，所述信道响应函数为一个与以下信息中的一种或多种相关的函数：信道多径数目、天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距、工作频率
可选地，所述信道响应函数的模型为：
f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))
f(A1T(θ1),A2T(θ2)…ANT(θN))
或
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000033
Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-000034
其中A1,A2…AN为复数，其中θ1v,θ2v…θNv，θ1h,θ2h…θNh，θ1,θ2…θN为相位参数，取值为0～2π，T(·)为矢量或矩阵函数，τ1,τ2…τN为实数，fi表征频域位置信息，N为正整数。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述方法中的全部或部分步骤可通过程序来指令相关硬件完成，所述程序可以存储于计算机可读存储介质中，如只读存储器、磁盘或光盘等。可选地，上述实施例的全部或部分步骤也可以使用一个或多个集成电路来实现。相应地，上述实施例中的各模块/单元可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。本发明不限制于任何特定形式的硬件和软件的结合。
工业实用性
本发明实施例中，发送端从Mt个发送天线端口中选出Nt个端口发送导频信号，降低了导频与反馈开销。在接收端利用降维的低维导频通过函数Q获得完整的高维信道矩阵信息并进行反馈有效的降低了导频开销，或者在发送端利用函数P由低维的信道信息获得高维的信道信息，有效的降低了导频与反馈开销，相对相关技术有显著的资源利用率提升的效果。

Claims (35)

  1. 一种导频信号发送方法，包括：
    发送端从Mt个发送天线端口中选择Nt个发送天线端口发送导频信号给接收端；
    所述发送端将导频信号发送配置信息发送给所述接收端；
    其中，Mt与Nt均为正整数，Nt小于Mt。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述导频信号发送配置信息包括以下信息中的任意一个或任意组合：
    Mt的信息及选出的发送天线端口的数量Nt的信息，
    所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的标识信息，
    所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的导频信号发送位置信息。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，所述方法还包括：
    所述发送端接收所述接收端发送的导频信号发送推荐信息，根据所述推荐信息确定所述导频信号发送配置信息；
    其中，导频信号发送推荐信息包括以下信息中的任意一个或任意组合：
    Mt的信息，
    选出的发送天线端口的数量Nt的信息，
    所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的标识信息，
    所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的导频信号发送位置信息。
  4. 一种信道信息的测量反馈方法，包括：
    接收端接收发送端发送的导频信号发送配置信息，根据所述导频信号发送配置信息接收发送端从Nt个天线端口发送的导频信号；
    所述接收端根据接收的导频信号确定信道响应函数的参数，根据信道响应函数计算Mt维的信道矩阵信息；
    所述接收端根据Mt维的信道矩阵信息向所述发送端反馈信道信息；
    其中，Mt与Nt均为正整数，Nt小于Mt。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其中，
    所述信道响应函数为一个与以下信息中的一种或多种相关的函数：信道多径数目、天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距、工作频率。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其中，
    所述信道响应函数中的部分参数由接收端根据接收导频信号计算确定。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其中，
    所述信道响应函数的模型为：
    f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))
    f(A1T(θ1),A2T(θ2)…ANT(θN))
    或
    Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-100002
    其中A1,A2…AN为复数，其中θ1v,θ2v…θNv，θ1h,θ2h…θNh，θ1,θ2…θN为相位参数，取值为0～2π，T(·)为矢量或矩阵函数，τ1,τ2…τN为实数，fi表征频域位置信息，N为正整数。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，
    所述T(·)由发送端配置信息确定。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，
    所述T(·)为一个与以下信息中的一种或多种相关的函数：天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，
    所述信道响应函数的模型由发送端配置确定。
  11. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，
    所述N值由发送端配置确定。
  12. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，
    所述N值由接收端根据接收的导频信号计算确定。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的方法，所述方法还包括，
    所述接收端发送其推荐的N值的选择信息给发送端。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的方法，所述方法还包括，
    所述接收端发送其推荐的函数模型选择信息给发送端。
  15. 一种获取信道信息反馈的方法，包括：
    发送端从Mt个发送天线端口中选出Nt个发送天线端口发送导频信号；
    所述发送端接收接收端反馈的Nt维的量化信道信息；
    所述发送端根据所述Nt维的量化信道信息确定信道信息计算函数中的参数；
    所述发送端根据所述信道信息计算函数计算信道信息；
    其中，Mt与Nt均为正整数，Nt小于Mt。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的方法，其中：
    所述量化信道信息包含以下信息中的一种或多种：
    预编码矢量或矩阵的指示信息，
    信道矩阵H的元素量化信息，
    一个或多个信道特征矢量信息，
    信道自相关矩阵的量化信息。
  17. 如权利要求15所述的方法，其中：
    所述信道信息计算函数为与以下信息中一种或多种相关的函数：
    多径数目、天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距、工作频率。
  18. 如权利要求15所述的方法，其中：
    所述信道信息计算函数的模型为：
    f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))
    f(A1T(θ1),A2T(θ2)…ANT(θN))
    或
    Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-100004
    其中A1,A2…AN为复数，其中θ1v,θ2v…θNv，θ1h,θ2h…θNh，θ1,θ2…θN为相位参数，取值为0～2π，T(·)为矢量或矩阵函数，τ1,τ2…τN为实数，fi表征频域位置信息，N为正整数。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的方法，其中：
    所述T(·)为一个与以下信息中的一种或多种相关的函数：天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距。
  20. 如权利要求18所述的方法，所述方法还包括：
    所述发送端接收所述接收端推荐的N值的选择信息。
  21. 如权利要求15所述的方法，
    其中，所述信道信息计算函数存在多个候选模型；
    所述方法还包括：所述发送端接收所述接收端推荐的模型选择信息。
  22. 一种发送端，包括：
    端口选择模块，设置为从Mt个发送天线端口中选择Nt个发送天线端口；以及
    发送模块，设置为用所述端口选择模块选择的Nt个发送天线端口发送导频信号给接收端，以及设置为将导频信道发送配置信息发送给所述接收端；
    其中，Mt与Nt均为正整数，Nt小于Mt。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的发送端，其中，
    所述导频信号发送配置信息包括以下信息中的任意一个或任意组合：
    Mt的信息及选出的发送天线端口的数量Nt的信息，
    所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的标识信息，
    所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的导频信号发送位置信息。
  24. 如权利要求22所述的发送端，还包括：
    接收模块，设置为接收所述接收端发送的导频信号发送推荐信息；
    确定模块，设置为根据所述推荐信息确定所述导频信号发送配置信息；
    其中，导频信号发送推荐信息包括以下信息中的任意一个或任意组合：
    Mt的信息，
    选出的发送天线端口的数量Nt的信息，
    所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的标识信息，
    所述选出的Nt个发送天线端口的导频信号发送位置信息。
  25. 如权利要求22所述的发送端，还包括：
    接收模块，设置为接收接收端反馈的Nt维的量化信道信息；
    计算模块，设置为根据所述Nt维的量化信道信息确定信道信息计算函数中的参数，根据所述信道信息计算函数计算信道信息。
  26. 如权利要求25所述的发送端，其中：
    所述量化信道信息包含以下信息中的一种或多种：
    预编码矢量或矩阵的指示信息，
    信道矩阵H的元素量化信息，
    一个或多个信道特征矢量信息，
    信道自相关矩阵的量化信息。
  27. 如权利要求25所述的发送端，其中：
    所述信道信息计算函数为与以下信息中一种或多种相关的函数：
    多径数目、天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距、工作频率。
  28. 如权利要求25所述的发送端，其中：
    所述信道信息计算函数的模型为：
    f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))
    f(A1T(θ1),A2T(θ2)…ANT(θN))
    或
    Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-100006
    其中A1,A2…AN为复数，其中θ1v,θ2v…θNv，θ1h,θ2h…θNh，θ1,θ2…θN为相位参数，取值为0～2π，T(·)为矢量或矩阵函数，τ1,τ2…τN为实数，fi表征频域位置信息，N为正整数。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的发送端，其中：
    所述T(·)为一个与以下信息中的一种或多种相关的函数：天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距。
  30. 一种接收端，包括：
    接收模块，设置为接收发送端发送的导频信号发送配置信息，根据所述导频信号发送配置信息接收发送端从Nt个天线端口发送的导频信号；
    计算模块，设置为根据接收的导频信号确定信道响应函数的参数，根据信道响应函数计算Mt维的信道矩阵信息；以及
    发送模块，设置为根据Mt维的信道矩阵信息向所述发送端反馈信道信息；
    其中，Mt与Nt均为正整数，Nt小于Mt。
  31. 如权利要求30所述的接收端，其中，
    所述信道响应函数为一个与以下信息中的一种或多种相关的函数：信道多径数目、天线拓扑、天线极化方向、天线间距、工作频率。
  32. 如权利要求30所述的接收端，其中，
    所述信道响应函数的模型为：
    f(A1T(θ1v,θ1h),A2T(θ2v,θ2h)…ANT(θNv,θNh))
    f(A1T(θ1),A2T(θ2)…ANT(θN))
    或
    Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2015089655-appb-100008
    其中A1,A2…AN为复数，其中θ1v,θ2v…θNv，θ1h,θ2h…θNh，θ1,θ2…θN为相位参 数，取值为0～2π，T(·)为矢量或矩阵函数，τ1,τ2…τN为实数，fi表征频域位置信息，N为正整数。
  33. 一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有程序指令，当该程序指令被执行时可实现权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法。
  34. 一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有程序指令，当该程序指令被执行时可实现权利要求4-14任一项所述的方法。
  35. 一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有程序指令，当该程序指令被执行时可实现权利要求15-21任一项所述的方法。
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