WO2016045396A1 - 一种基于可调谐脉冲光纤激光器泵浦的超连续谱光源 - Google Patents

一种基于可调谐脉冲光纤激光器泵浦的超连续谱光源 Download PDF

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WO2016045396A1
WO2016045396A1 PCT/CN2015/079607 CN2015079607W WO2016045396A1 WO 2016045396 A1 WO2016045396 A1 WO 2016045396A1 CN 2015079607 W CN2015079607 W CN 2015079607W WO 2016045396 A1 WO2016045396 A1 WO 2016045396A1
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fiber
laser
optical fiber
power
tunable
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PCT/CN2015/079607
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郭春雨
刘伟琪
阮双琛
林怀钦
余军
温如华
华萍
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深圳大学
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Publication of WO2016045396A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016045396A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of laser technology, and in particular relates to a high power tunable pulsed fiber laser based on a fiber nonlinear passive mode-locked seed source, and a supercontinuum source based on the high power tunable pulsed fiber laser pump.
  • Ultra-wideband light sources have a wide range of needs in all aspects of life.
  • Incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps which are conventional broadband sources, have a wide spectral range, but have low luminance and are not coherent, and the beam quality is poor.
  • the laser has good spatial coherence and high brightness, and has good performance. The quality of a single mode beam, but the laser is usually monochromatic. Laser-pumped supercontinuum source can solve this contradiction well.
  • Supercontinuum refers to a broadband spectrum of a high-intensity laser pulse that passes through a nonlinear medium and is much larger than its incident spectrum. Due to its good spatial coherence, high brightness and ultra-wideband characteristics, the supercontinuum source can have the same spectral width as the incandescent lamp and the high brightness of the laser. It is equivalent to an ultra-wideband laser in biomedical and laser spectroscopy.
  • the fields of environmental monitoring and remote sensing have important application prospects.
  • broadband flat spectral output is the core goal of supercontinuum research.
  • the current mainstream technology for generating supercontinuum is achieved by pumping photonic crystal fibers or nonlinear fibers using high power fiber lasers.
  • the generation of broadband flat supercontinuum has very strict requirements on the relative position of the pump wavelength and the zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber: the pump laser wavelength should be located in the anomalous dispersion region of the fiber and as close as possible to the zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber to facilitate the pump evolution. Short pulse spreads to the normal dispersion zone, between 10 Deviations above nm will result in a significant decrease in the quality of the supercontinuum spectrum.
  • the zero-dispersion wavelength of the actually drawn fiber has a certain deviation from the designed zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber, and the fiber laser currently used for supercontinuum generation usually has a fixed laser wavelength. Therefore, there are many restrictions on the supercontinuum short-wave propagation and the improvement of flatness.
  • the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high power tunable pulsed fiber laser having the characteristics of simple structure, tunability, high power, and full fiber.
  • the present invention is achieved by a high power tunable pulsed fiber laser characterized by sequentially including: a tunable passive mode-locked fiber laser based on a fiber nonlinear effect, a broadband fiber coupler, and power preamplification in the optical path direction. Level, power main amplification stage; wherein the wavelength of the laser pulse output by the tunable passive mode-locked fiber laser based on the fiber nonlinear effect is tunable.
  • the first broadband optical fiber isolator is used for ensuring unidirectional transmission of the tunable pulsed laser, and avoiding damage caused by the laser light fed back in the subsequent optical path to the optical path of the preceding stage.
  • the broadband fiber coupler is a 2 ⁇ 2 wideband fiber coupler, wherein a high coupling ratio input arm is connected to an output end of the first broadband fiber isolator, and a low coupling ratio input arm is used to monitor a rear stage system.
  • the feedback laser, the high coupling ratio output arm is connected to the seed input of the power preamplifier stage, and the low coupling ratio output arm is used to monitor the wavelength and time domain characteristics of the output laser.
  • the second broadband optical fiber isolator is used for ensuring unidirectional transmission of the tunable pulsed laser, and avoiding damage caused by the laser light fed back in the subsequent optical path to the optical path of the preceding stage.
  • the power preamplification stage includes a plurality of cascaded fiber amplifiers.
  • the power main amplification stage includes:
  • a fiber combiner having a seed arm connected to the output of the preamplifier stage, receiving a laser pulse outputted by the preamplifier stage, a pump arm connected to the pump source, and an output end connected to the gain medium;
  • the pump source is pumped through its pump arm to pump the post-stage gain medium.
  • the pump source includes a plurality of fiber output semiconductor lasers.
  • the gain medium is an active doped double-clad fiber.
  • a second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a supercontinuum source for pumping based on a high power tunable pulsed fiber laser as described above, comprising:
  • an output end of the supercontinuum generating fiber is connected with a fiber end cap for preventing laser reflection of the output end face.
  • the high-power tunable pulsed fiber laser provided by the invention is realized based on a fiber nonlinear passive mode-locked seed source, a power preamplifier stage, and a power main amplification stage, and can be used as a pump source for generating a supercontinuum spectrum.
  • High-power tunable pulsed fiber lasers in the 1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m and 1.5 ⁇ m bands can be realized by using active doped fiber laser seed sources and amplifiers such as erbium-doped, erbium-doped, erbium-doped or erbium-doped co-doped, and then pumped dispersion matching
  • the high nonlinear fiber or photonic crystal fiber realizes a broadband high-flat super-continuous spectrum output, has a simple structure, convenient wavelength tuning, low cost, and has all-fiber characteristics.
  • FIG. 1 is an optical structural diagram of a supercontinuum source based on the high power tunable pulsed fiber laser pump provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a passive mode-locked fiber laser based on a nonlinear polarization rotation effect provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a passive mode-locked fiber laser based on a nonlinear amplifying ring mirror provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a passive mode-locked fiber laser based on a nonlinear optical ring mirror provided by the present invention.
  • the present invention starts from the aspect of the pump laser, and proposes a wavelength tunable pulsed fiber laser based on the seed source of the fiber nonlinear passive mode-locked fiber laser as a generation.
  • the supercontinuum pump source achieves an accurate match between the pump laser and the zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber, thereby obtaining a broadband high-flat supercontinuum source.
  • the tunable passive mode-locked fiber laser based on the nonlinear effect of the optical fiber used in the invention has the advantages of compact structure, low cost and good stability, and the ultrashort pulse laser generated by the material is processed on the surface of the material, communication remote sensing, biomedicine, supercontinuum generation. Many fields have broad application prospects.
  • the tunable passive mode-locked fiber laser based on fiber nonlinear effect mainly adopts two structures: annular cavity and "8" shaped cavity, namely: annular cavity based on nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) effect, based on nonlinear amplification ring mirror (NALM) Or an "8" shaped cavity of a nonlinear optical ring mirror (NOLM).
  • the mode-locked fiber laser based on these two structures not only obtains a high-energy ultrashort pulse laser output, but also outputs a laser pulse with wavelength tunable characteristics.
  • the present invention proposes a tunable passive lock based on the nonlinear effect of the optical fiber.
  • the wavelength tunable characteristics of the mode fiber laser are combined with the seed-dependent characteristics of the main oscillation power amplification (MOPA) to implement a high power tunable pulsed fiber laser based on a fiber nonlinear passive mode-locked seed source, which is tunable at this wavelength.
  • Pulsed fiber lasers pump photonic crystal fibers or highly nonlinear fibers to achieve broadband high flat supercontinuum sources. Among them, the output laser characteristics of main oscillation power amplification (MOPA) depend on the characteristics of the implanted laser.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an optical structure of a supercontinuum source based on the high power tunable pulsed fiber laser pumped by the present invention.
  • the first part shown in 1-11 is the optical structure of the high power tunable pulsed fiber laser provided by the present invention
  • the second part shown in 13-15 is the supercontinuum generation stage provided by the present invention
  • 12 is two Part of the fusion joint.
  • the first part of the high power tunable pulsed fiber laser includes, in order of at least optical path, a tunable passive mode-locked fiber laser based on a fiber nonlinear effect, a broadband fiber coupler 3, a power preamplifier stage 6, and a power.
  • the second broadband fiber isolator 7 is located between the power preamplifier stage 6 and the power main amplification stage 11.
  • the first broadband optical fiber isolator 2 is used for ensuring the unidirectional transmission of the tunable pulsed laser, and avoids the laser light fed back in the subsequent optical path to damage the optical path of the preceding stage, thereby ensuring stable operation of the system.
  • the wideband fiber coupler 3 adopts a 2 ⁇ 2 structure, and its high coupling ratio input arm is connected to the broadband fiber isolator 2, and the low coupling ratio input arm can be combined with the photodetector to monitor the feedback laser in the latter stage system, and the high coupling ratio output.
  • the arm is connected to the seed input end of the power preamplifier stage 6, and the low coupling ratio output arm can be combined with the spectrometer and the photodetector to monitor the wavelength and time domain characteristics of the output laser.
  • the second broadband optical isolator 7 is also used to ensure the unidirectional transmission of the tunable pulsed laser seed, and avoids the laser light fed back in the subsequent optical path to damage the optical path of the front stage, thereby ensuring stable operation
  • the power preamplifier stage 6 includes at least two stages of cascaded fiber amplifiers 4 and 5 for power preamplifying the milliwatt tunable pulsed seed laser, providing two levels of preamplification to provide sufficient seed for subsequent power amplification. power.
  • the power main amplification stage 11 is configured to perform power main amplification on the two stages of pre-amplified tunable pulse laser to realize high power tunable pulse laser output.
  • the power main amplification stage 11 specifically includes a pump source 8 .
  • the fiber combiner 9, the gain medium 10, the seed arm of the fiber combiner 9 is connected to the output end of the preamplifier stage 6, for receiving the laser pulse outputted by the preamplifier stage 6, and the pump arm is connected to the pump source,
  • the output is connected to a gain medium 10, which is pumped through its pump arm to pump a post-stage active doped double-clad fiber.
  • the pump source 8 described above can be implemented using a plurality of fiber output semiconductor lasers, and the gain medium 10 is an active doped double-clad fiber.
  • the second portion of the supercontinuum generation stage 15 includes, in the optical path direction, a supercontinuum generating fiber 13 and a fiber end cap 14, the supercontinuum generating fiber 13 having a high nonlinear characteristic, and its zero dispersion wavelength at a high power tunable
  • the high-power pulsed laser evolves into a broadband high-flat supercontinuum, which can be realized by a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber or a highly nonlinear fiber.
  • the fiber end cap 14 is used to prevent the effects of laser reflection of the output end face of the supercontinuum generating fiber 13 on the system.
  • the wavelength of the laser pulse outputted by the tunable passive mode-locked fiber laser 1 based on the optical fiber nonlinear effect can be tuned, and a ring-shaped passive mode-locked fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization rotation effect (NPR) can be selected (shown in FIG. 2) Out, or a "8" shaped cavity passive mode-locked fiber laser based on a non-linear magnifying ring mirror (NALM) (shown in Figure 3), or a "8" shaped cavity passive based on a nonlinear optical ring mirror (NOLM) A mode-locked fiber laser (shown in Figure 4).
  • NPR nonlinear polarization rotation effect
  • NPR nonlinear polarization rotation effect
  • the first fiber-type polarization controller 111 and the second fiber-type polarization controller 114 are used to change the polarization state of the laser in the cavity, and the fiber isolator 112 ensures one-way transmission of the laser in the cavity, and the fiber polarizer 113 is used to generate Linearly polarized laser; one output arm of the fiber coupler 115 is connected to the annular cavity, and the other output arm is used as the output end of the laser.
  • the active doped fiber 116 is used as a laser gain medium, and the wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) 117 is used for pumping. The source is pumped to the active fiber, and the single mode fiber output semiconductor laser 118 is used as a pump source for the laser.
  • WDM wavelength division multiplexer
  • Figures 3 and 4 show the structure of a passive mode-locked fiber laser based on a non-linear magnifying ring mirror and a nonlinear optical ring mirror.
  • the devices used in the two mode-locked structures are identical except that the devices are positioned differently in the cavity.
  • 121 is a fiber-optic polarization controller
  • 122 is a single-mode fiber output semiconductor laser
  • 123 is a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM)
  • 124 is an active doped fiber
  • 125 is a 2 ⁇ 2 type 50:50 fiber coupler 126 is a fiber type polarization controller
  • 127 is a fiber isolator
  • 128 is a fiber coupler, and the functions of the respective devices in the structure are the same as those in the NPR structure.
  • the first annular cavity and the second annular cavity intersect at a 2 x 2 type 50:50 fiber coupler 125, which in the first annular cavity is: 2 x 2 type 50: 50 fiber coupler 125, fiber type polarization controller 126, fiber isolator 127, fiber coupler 128, and the first annular cavity is: fiber type polarization controller 121, single mode fiber output semiconductor laser 122, wave division A consumer (WDM) 123, an active doped fiber 124, a 2 x 2 type 50:50 fiber coupler 125.
  • WDM wave division A consumer
  • the "8" shaped cavity shown in Figure 4 differs from that of Figure 3 in that the fiber isolator 127 is moved from the first annular cavity to the second annular cavity and is located in the active doped fiber 124 and 2 x 2 type. 50:50 between fiber couplers 125.
  • the pulse laser output of different center wavelengths is realized by adjusting the polarization directions of the two polarization controllers in the laser cavity.
  • the principle is: based on the filtering effect of birefringence guidance, the mode-locked pulses in different polarization states have different center wavelengths, so adjusting the polarization controller direction can realize the wavelength tunable laser pulse output in the passive mode-locked fiber laser.
  • MOPA main oscillation power amplification
  • the present invention implements a main oscillation power amplification (MOPA) stage using multi-stage amplification consisting of the power pre-amplification stage and the power main amplification stage described above.
  • MOPA main oscillation power amplification
  • the high-power tunable pulsed fiber laser provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient wavelength tuning, low cost and full fiber, and can be applied to a pump source and a flow cell analyzer for broadband flat supercontinuum generation. Light source and other aspects.

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器以及由其泵浦的超连续谱光源。高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器在光路方向上依次包括：基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器（1），宽带光纤耦合器（3），功率预放大级（6），功率主放大级（11）。高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器输出端与零色散波长位于其泵浦激光增益区的光子晶体光纤或高非线性光纤灯超连续谱产生光纤（13）相联接，可实现泵浦激光与超连续谱产生光纤（13）零色散波长的精确匹配，进而获得宽带高平坦的超连续谱光源。高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器以及由其泵浦的超连续谱光源具有结构简单、泵浦激光波长调谐方便、成本低和全光纤化的特点，可应用于生物医学、遥感探测、环境监测、多通道光纤通信及光谱学等领域中。

Description

一种基于可调谐脉冲光纤激光器泵浦的超连续谱光源 技术领域
本发明属于激光器技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于光纤非线性被动锁模种子源的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器、以及基于该高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器泵浦的超连续谱光源。
背景技术
超宽带光源在生活的各个方面都有着广泛的需求。作为常规宽带光源的白炽灯和荧光灯的光谱范围比较宽，但是发光亮度较低，并且不是相干光，光束质量也较差；激光虽然具有很好的空间相干性和很高的亮度，且具有良好的单模光束质量，但激光通常是单色的。而基于激光泵浦的超连续谱光源可以很好地解决这一矛盾。
超连续谱（SC）是指一束高强度的激光脉冲通过非线性介质后，产生的远大于其入射光谱的宽带光谱。由于具有好的空间相干性、高亮度、超宽带特性，超连续谱光源可以同时拥有白炽灯一样的谱宽和激光器一样的高亮度，它相当于一个超宽带激光器，在生物医学、激光光谱学、环境监测、遥感探测等领域具有重要的应用前景。
宽带、高平坦光谱输出是超连续谱研究追求的核心目标。当前产生超连续谱的主流技术是利用高功率光纤激光器泵浦光子晶体光纤或非线性光纤来实现的。宽带平坦超连续谱的产生对于泵浦波长和光纤零色散波长的相对位置有着非常苛刻的要求：泵浦激光波长要位于光纤反常色散区并且尽量接近光纤零色散波长，以利于泵浦演化的超短脉冲扩展到正常色散区，二者之间10 nm以上的偏差就会导致超连续谱光谱质量明显下降。然而，由于光纤拉制工艺上的限制，实际拉制出来的光纤零色散波长与所设计的光纤零色散波长存在一定偏差，而且当前用于超连续谱产生的光纤激光器通常具有固定的激光波长，因而对超连续谱短波扩展及平坦度的提高产生了诸多限制。
 技术问题
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题在于提供一种高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器，该激光器具有结构简单，可调谐，高功率，全光纤化的特点。
技术解决方案
本发明是这样实现的，一种高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器，其特征在于，在光路方向上依次包括：基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器、宽带光纤耦合器、功率预放大级、功率主放大级；其中，所述基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器输出的激光脉冲的波长可调谐。
进一步地，在所述基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器与所述宽带光纤耦合器之间，还设置有：
第一宽带光纤隔离器，用于保证可调谐脉冲激光的单向传输，避免其后续光路中反馈的激光对其前级光路造成损伤。
进一步地，所述宽带光纤耦合器为2×2宽带光纤耦合器，其中一个高耦合比输入臂连接所述第一宽带光纤隔离器的输出端，低耦合比输入臂用于监测后级系统中的反馈激光，高耦合比输出臂连接功率预放大级的种子输入端，低耦合比输出臂用于监测输出激光的波长及时域特性。
进一步地，在所述功率预放大级与所述功率主放大级之间，还设置有：
第二宽带光纤隔离器，用于保证可调谐脉冲激光的单向传输，避免其后续光路中反馈的激光对其前级光路造成损伤。
进一步地，所述功率预放大级包括多个级联的光纤放大器。
进一步地，所述功率主放大级包括：
泵浦源；
增益介质；
光纤合束器，其种子臂连接所述预放大级输出端，接收所述预放大级输出的激光脉冲，其泵浦臂连接所述泵浦源，其输出端连接所述增益介质；所述泵浦源通过其泵浦臂合束泵浦后级增益介质。
进一步地，所述泵浦源包括多个光纤输出半导体激光器。
进一步地，所述增益介质为有源掺杂双包层光纤。
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题在于提供一种基于如上所述的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器泵浦的超连续谱光源，包括：
如上所述的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器；
与所述高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器熔接的超连续谱产生光纤，其零色散波长位于高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器增益区内，用于将高功率脉冲激光在其中演化为宽带高平坦超连续谱。
进一步地，所述超连续谱产生光纤的输出端连接有用于防止输出端面激光反射的光纤端帽。
 有益效果
本发明所提供的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器，基于光纤非线性被动锁模种子源、功率预放大级、功率主放大级实现，可作为产生超连续谱的泵浦源。利用掺镱、掺铥、掺铒或铒镱共掺等有源掺杂光纤激光器种子源和放大器，可以实现1μm、2μm及1.5μm等波段的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器，进而泵浦色散匹配的高非线性光纤或光子晶体光纤，实现宽带高平坦的超连续谱输出，其结构简单，波长调谐方便，成本低，而且具有全光纤化的特点。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的基于该高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器泵浦的超连续谱光源的光学结构图；
图2是本发明提供的基于非线性偏振旋转效应的被动锁模光纤激光器结构图；
图3是本发明提供的基于非线性放大环形镜的被动锁模光纤激光器结构图；
图4是本发明提供的基于非线性光学环形镜的被动锁模光纤激光器结构图。
本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
由于通过光纤多次拉制获得所需零色散波长的成本较高，为此本发明从泵浦激光方面着手，提出基于光纤非线性被动锁模光纤激光器种子源的波长可调谐脉冲光纤激光器作为产生超连续谱的泵浦源，实现泵浦激光与光纤零色散波长的精确匹配，进而获得宽带高平坦的超连续谱光源。
本发明所采用的基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器结构紧凑、成本低、稳定性好，其产生的超短脉冲激光在材料表面处理、通信遥感、生物医学、超连续谱产生等众多领域有着广阔的应用前景。
基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器主要采用环形腔和“8”字形腔两种结构，即：基于非线性偏振旋转（NPR）效应的环形腔、基于非线性放大环形镜（NALM）或非线性光学环形镜（NOLM）的“8”字形腔。基于这两种结构的锁模光纤激光器不仅可获得高能量的超短脉冲激光输出，而且输出的激光脉冲还具有波长可调谐特性。
但是，考虑到基于以上两种结构的可调谐脉冲光纤激光器输出功率比较低，仅为毫瓦量级，为使其应用不受限制，本发明又提出将基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器的波长可调谐特性与主振荡功率放大（MOPA）的种子依赖特性相结合，实现一种基于光纤非线性被动锁模种子源的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器，进而以此波长可调谐脉冲光纤激光器泵浦光子晶体光纤或高非线性光纤，实现宽带高平坦的超连续谱光源。其中，主振荡功率放大（MOPA）的输出激光特性取决于所注入的种子激光特性。
基于上述原理，图1示出了本发明提供的基于该高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器泵浦的超连续谱光源的光学结构。其中，1-11示出的第一部分为本发明提供的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器的光学结构，而13-15示出的第二部分为本发明提供的超连续谱产生级，12为两部分的熔接点。
参照图1，第一部分的该高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器至少光路方向上依次包括：基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器1、宽带光纤耦合器3、功率预放大级6、功率主放大级11，还可进一步包括第一宽带光纤隔离器2和第二宽带光纤隔离器7，第一宽带光纤隔离器2位于基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器1与宽带光纤耦合器3之间，而第二宽带光纤隔离器7位于功率预放大级6与功率主放大级11之间。
第一宽带光纤隔离器2用于保证可调谐脉冲激光的单向传输，避免其后续光路中反馈的激光对其前级光路造成损伤，进而保证系统的稳定运转。宽带光纤耦合器3采用2×2的结构，其高耦合比输入臂连接宽带光纤隔离器2，低耦合比输入臂可与光电探测器相结合监测后级系统中的反馈激光，高耦合比输出臂连接功率预放大级6的种子输入端，低耦合比输出臂可与光谱仪、光电探测器相结合监测输出激光的波长及时域特性。第二宽带光纤隔离器7同样用于保证可调谐脉冲激光种子的单向传输，避免其后续光路中反馈的激光对其前级光路造成损伤，进而保证系统的稳定运转。
功率预放大级6包括至少两级级联的光纤放大器4和5，用于将毫瓦级的可调谐脉冲种子激光进行功率预放大，通过两级预放大，为后面的功率放大提供足够的种子功率。
功率主放大级11用于对两级预放大后的可调谐脉冲激光进行功率主放大实现高功率可调谐脉冲激光输出，如图1所示的，功率主放大级11具体包括泵浦源8、光纤合束器9、增益介质10，光纤合束器9的种子臂连接预放大级6的输出端，用于接收预放大级6输出的激光脉冲，其泵浦臂连接所述泵浦源，其输出端连接增益介质10，所述泵浦源8通过其泵浦臂合束泵浦后级有源掺杂双包层光纤。
上述泵浦源8可采用多个光纤输出半导体激光器实现，增益介质10采用有源掺杂双包层光纤。
第二部分的超连续谱产生级15在光路方向上依次包括：超连续谱产生光纤13和光纤端帽14，超连续谱产生光纤13具有高非线性特性，其零色散波长位于高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器增益区内，高功率脉冲激光在其中演化为宽带高平坦超连续谱，可采用高非线性光子晶体光纤或高非线性光纤实现。光纤端帽14用于防止超连续谱产生光纤13的输出端面的激光反射对系统的影响。
上述基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器1输出的激光脉冲的波长可调谐，具体可以选择基于非线性偏振旋转效应（NPR）的环形腔被动锁模光纤激光器（在图2中示出），或基于非线性放大环形镜（NALM）的“8”字形腔被动锁模光纤激光器（在图3中示出），或基于非线性光学环形镜（NOLM）的“8”字形腔被动锁模光纤激光器（在图4中示出）。
图2是基于非线性偏振旋转效应（NPR）的环形腔被动锁模光纤激光器结构，在环形腔上依次设置有第一光纤型偏振控制器111、光纤隔离器12、光纤起偏器13、第二光纤型偏振控制器114、光纤耦合器15、有源掺杂光纤116、波分复用器（WDM）117、单模光纤输出半导体激光器118。其中，第一光纤型偏振控制器111和第二光纤型偏振控制器114用于改变腔内激光的偏振态，光纤隔离器112保证腔内激光的单向传输，光纤起偏器113用于产生线偏振激光；光纤耦合器115的一个输出臂接入环形腔、另一个输出臂作为激光器的输出端，有源掺杂光纤116作为激光器增益介质，波分复用器（WDM）117实现泵浦源对有源光纤的泵浦，单模光纤输出半导体激光器118是作为激光器的泵浦源。
图3和图4是基于非线性放大环形镜和非线性光学环形镜的被动锁模光纤激光器结构，两种锁模结构所用器件相同，只是器件在腔中的位置不同。其中，121是光纤型偏振控制器；122是单模光纤输出半导体激光器；123是波分复用器（WDM）；124是有源掺杂光纤；125是2×2型50:50光纤耦合器；126是光纤型偏振控制器；127是光纤隔离器；128是光纤耦合器，本结构中各个器件的功能与NPR结构中的功能相同。在图3所示的“8”字形腔中，第一环形腔和第二环形腔相交于2×2型50:50光纤耦合器125，第一环形腔上依次为：2×2型50:50光纤耦合器125、光纤型偏振控制器126、光纤隔离器127、光纤耦合器128，而第而环形腔上依次为：光纤型偏振控制器121、单模光纤输出半导体激光器122、波分复用器（WDM）123、有源掺杂光纤124、2×2型50:50光纤耦合器125。图4所示的“8”字形腔与图3的不同之处在于，将光纤隔离器127从第一环形腔移动到第二环形腔上，并位于有源掺杂光纤124和2×2型50:50光纤耦合器125之间。
按照上述三种结构之一将基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器连接完成后，通过调节激光腔内两个偏振控制器的偏振方向来实现不同中心波长的脉冲激光输出。原理为：基于双折射引导的滤波效应，不同的偏振态下的锁模脉冲具有不同的中心波长，因此调节偏振控制器方向即可在该被动锁模光纤激光器中实现波长可调谐的激光脉冲输出，再经过主振荡功率放大（MOPA）级实现不同波长锁模脉冲的功率放大，即可获得高功率可调谐脉冲输出。其中，考虑到在放大过程中可调谐激光种子中心波长和光纤放大器荧光峰值波长不匹配时，光纤放大器中所注入的种子功率不足可能会导致的放大的自发辐射（ASE）对系统造成损伤，因此本发明特别将主振荡功率放大（MOPA）级采用上文所述的功率预放大级、功率主放大级组成的多级放大来实现。
综上，本发明所提供的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器结构简单，波长调谐方便，成本低和全光纤化的特点，可应用于宽带平坦超连续谱产生的泵浦源、流式细胞分析仪的光源等方面。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器，其特征在于，在光路方向上依次包括：基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器、宽带光纤耦合器、功率预放大级、功率主放大级；其中，所述基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器输出的激光脉冲的波长可调谐。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器，其特征在于，在所述基于光纤非线性效应的可调谐被动锁模光纤激光器与所述宽带光纤耦合器之间，还设置有：
    第一宽带光纤隔离器，用于保证可调谐脉冲激光的单向传输，避免其后续光路中反馈的激光对其前级光路造成损伤。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器，其特征在于，所述宽带光纤耦合器为2×2宽带光纤耦合器，其中一个高耦合比输入臂连接所述第一宽带光纤隔离器的输出端，低耦合比输入臂用于监测后级系统中的反馈激光，高耦合比输出臂连接功率预放大级的种子输入端，低耦合比输出臂用于监测输出激光的波长及时域特性。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器，其特征在于，在所述功率预放大级与所述功率主放大级之间，还设置有：
    第二宽带光纤隔离器，用于保证可调谐脉冲激光的单向传输，避免其后续光路中反馈的激光对其前级光路造成损伤。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器，其特征在于，所述功率预放大级包括多个级联的光纤放大器。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器，其特征在于，所述功率主放大级包括：
    泵浦源；
    增益介质；
    光纤合束器，其种子臂连接所述预放大级输出端，接收所述预放大级输出的激光脉冲，其泵浦臂连接所述泵浦源，其输出端连接所述增益介质；所述泵浦源通过其泵浦臂合束泵浦后级增益介质。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器，其特征在于，所述泵浦源包括多个光纤输出半导体激光器。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器，其特征在于，所述增益介质为有源掺杂双包层光纤。
  9. 一种基于如权利要求1至8任一项所述的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器泵浦的超连续谱光源，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求1至8任一项所述的高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器；
    与所述高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器熔接的超连续谱产生光纤，其零色散波长位于高功率可调谐脉冲光纤激光器增益区内，用于将高功率脉冲激光在其中演化为宽带高平坦超连续谱。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的超连续谱光源，其特征在于，所述超连续谱产生光纤的输出端连接有用于防止输出端面激光反射的光纤端帽。
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