Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C51/002—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C63/0017—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of the material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C63/22—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using layers or sheathings having a shape adapted to the shape of the article
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
  • B32B27/285—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyethers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
  • B32B27/288—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyketones
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
  • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
  • B32B3/14—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a face layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/05—Interconnection of layers the layers not being connected over the whole surface, e.g. discontinuous connection or patterned connection
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
  • B64C23/00—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces, not otherwise provided for
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
  • C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
  • C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
  • C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
  • C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
  • C09J7/381—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA] based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
  • C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
  • C09J7/381—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA] based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C09J7/383—Natural or synthetic rubber
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
  • C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
  • C09J7/381—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA] based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C09J7/385—Acrylic polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
  • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
  • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
  • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
  • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
  • B29K2023/0658—PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its molecular weight
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2071/00—Use of polyethers, e.g. PEEK, i.e. polyether-etherketone or PEK, i.e. polyetherketone or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/0097—Glues or adhesives, e.g. hot melts or thermofusible adhesives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/25—Solid
  • B29K2105/253—Preform
  • B29K2105/256—Sheets, plates, blanks or films
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
  • B29K2995/0087—Wear resistance
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
  • B32B2250/44—Number of layers variable across the laminate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
  • B32B2307/554—Wear resistance
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/738—Thermoformability
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2371/00—Polyethers, e.g. PEEK, i.e. polyether-etherketone; PEK, i.e. polyetherketone
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2405/00—Adhesive articles, e.g. adhesive tapes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
  • B32B2605/18—Aircraft
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
  • B64D2045/009—Fire detection or protection; Erosion protection, e.g. from airborne particles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J2301/10—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet
  • C09J2301/12—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet by the arrangement of layers
  • C09J2301/122—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet by the arrangement of layers the adhesive layer being present only on one side of the carrier, e.g. single-sided adhesive tape
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2423/00—Presence of polyolefin
  • C09J2423/04—Presence of homo or copolymers of ethene
  • C09J2423/046—Presence of homo or copolymers of ethene in the substrate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2475/00—Presence of polyurethane
  • C09J2475/006—Presence of polyurethane in the substrate

Definitions

• the present invention is in the field of surface protection of parts, in particular parts that can be subjected to erosive conditions and whose aerodynamic profile is desirable. More particularly, the invention relates to a multilayer type adhesive film for such a protection, a method for protecting the surface of a part employing such a film, and a kit for protecting the surface of a film. room.
• a particular field of application of the invention is the protection of the surface of structural parts of aircraft, these aircraft can be of any type, including civil or military aircraft , civil or military helicopters intended for land or sea use, drones, etc.
• Such a field of application is however in no way limiting of the invention, which also applies to any other field in which there is the need to maintain the aerodynamic profile of parts likely to be subjected to erosive conditions during their operation, for example in the rail, automotive or wind, particularly for the protection of the leading edges of wind turbine blades.
• leading edges such as wings, fins, aircraft radomes, vertical or horizontal stabilizers, helicopter rotor blades, etc. .
• erosive conditions which can be severe, which are likely to degrade the aerodynamic profile because they generate the development of parasitic roughnesses which oppose the air flows and minimize the laminar flow area, thereby resulting in increased fuel costs. It is thus necessary to protect the surface of the parts to avoid such degradation.
• erosive conditions can be of two types: erosion by solid particles, commonly known as erosion sand, and erosion by liquid particles, commonly known as rain erosion.
• the first type consists of inorganic coatings, for example formed based on silicon carbide, or metal, for example titanium or steel caps. Such coatings show good resistance to rain erosion, but they are quickly eroded by sand. They also constitute so-called permanent solutions, and the operations for their replacement in case of damage are long and binding to implement.
• the second type of coatings consists of organic coatings of high ductility, for example based on polyurethane elastomer. It has been proposed by the prior art to use adhesive film technologies based on such polymers to form external coatings on the parts, aimed at the protection of certain zones against environmental aggressions, mainly the exposure to chemical and corrosive substances, such as fuel oil, hydraulic fluids, water, salts, acid rain, etc. In order to preserve their properties, these coatings must be resistant and durable in the face of the stresses to which the aircraft is likely to be subjected during its use, in particular to the mechanical stresses, to the important cycles of temperature and humidity, to ultraviolet radiation. etc.
• the outer layer of the coatings proposed by the prior art is formed of high performance polyurethane.
• the present invention aims at remedying the drawbacks of the solutions proposed by the prior art for the surface protection of the parts, in particular the edges of aircraft attacks, in particular to those exposed above, by proposing a system which makes it possible to to effectively protect the room against both liquid particle and solid particle aggression, including in cases of severe exposure, while generating a reduced mass impact.
• this system has a reduced cost, that it is easy and quick to implement, in particular to pose and deposit, and that it has good resistance to mechanical and environmental stresses to which is may be subject to the part, in particular to fouling and UV aging.
• Another object of the invention is to allow targeted protection of the parts, optimized according to the type of stresses to which the different areas of the room are likely to be mainly exposed.
• thermoformable film for protecting the surface of a workpiece, this film comprising an underlayer of an adhesive material, called adhesive underlayer, capable of adhering to the surface of the part by a first face, and at least one layer of polymeric material (s) fixed on a second face of the adhesive sub-layer, opposite to the first face.
• the layer of polymer material (s) is resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles.
• the film according to the invention preferably has a mass impact of less than or equal to 590 g / m 2 .
• the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles is formed of a single polymeric material, having both a resistance function erosion by solid particles and a function of resistance to erosion by liquid particles.
• the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles is formed, at least partially, and in particular entirely, from a polymeric material chosen from a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and a very high molecular weight polyethylene (PE-UHMW), of Shore D hardness between 50 and 65 D.
• TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
• PEEK polyetheretherketone
• PE-UHMW very high molecular weight polyethylene
• the film according to the invention may comprise a single layer of polymer material resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles, or a plurality of such layers.
• At least one of these layers are formed of a polymeric material selected from a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and a very molecular weight polyethylene high (PE-UHMW), Shore D hardness between 50 and 65 D.
• TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
• PEEK polyetheretherketone
• PE-UHMW very molecular weight polyethylene high
• the layer of polymer material resistant to erosion by particles solid and erosion by liquid particles is formed of polyetheretherketone hardness Shore D between 50 and 65 D.
• the layer of material (s) polymer (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles is formed by superposition and / or juxtaposition, on the adhesive sub-layer, of a plurality of layer portions, at least one layer portion formed of a first polymer material resistant to erosion by solid particles, and at least a layer portion formed of a second polymeric material resistant to erosion by liquid particles.
• the layer portion formed from the first polymeric material is more resistant to erosion by solid particles than the layer portion formed from the second polymeric material, and the layer portion formed from the second polymeric material is stronger. to erosion by liquid particles that the layer portion formed in the first material polymer.
• the different layer portions are then preferably arranged relative to each other according to the specific needs of the particular part whose surface must be protected, so that each zone of this part may be exposed more particularly to aggression.
• solid particles in particular the low-angle incidence zones, can be covered by a first portion of erosion-resistant layer by solid particles, together with each zone of the part likely to be exposed more particularly to aggression of liquid particles, especially areas of normal incidence, can be covered by a second portion of erosion-resistant layer by liquid particles.
• the film is advantageously configured so as to have specific local properties meeting the needs of localized areas of the part to be protected.
• the material (s) polymer (s) forming part of the layer resistant to erosion rain and sand erosion are chosen to have good chemical resistance, thermal and ultraviolet radiation, infrared and visible, good resistance to thermal shock, as well as good adhesion, so as to ensure good bond strength at the interface with the adhesive underlayer, in connection with the adhesion characteristics of the adhesive. material chosen to constitute this adhesive sub-layer, and the interface between different portions of layers between them if necessary.
• the mechanical stresses are mainly the impacts with the solid and liquid particles (erosion) and the air flow that can cause peeling or delamination of the adhesive film.
• the materials chosen to enter into the constitution of the film according to the invention are advantageously chosen for their great cohesion, their hardness of between 50 and 65 Shore D and the strong cohesion capacity with the adhesive sub-layer.
• the erosion resistance layer according to the invention may be subjected to a surface treatment to optimize the adhesion of the film to the adhesive sub-layer with which it is complexed.
• the invention also fulfills the following characteristics, implemented separately or in each of their technically operating combinations.
• the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles has a thickness of between 50 and 500 ⁇ , preferably between 100 and 300 ⁇ , and preferably equal to 200 ⁇ .
• the total thickness of the film according to the invention is also preferably less than 460 ⁇ , so in particular to ensure its compatibility with the transparency constraints to detection by radar.
• the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles is functionalized on the surface, on part or on the entire surface, so as to impart greater erosion resistance, or an additional feature of protecting the surface of the part.
• the location of the zone (s) thus functionalized (s) is chosen in particular depending on the part to be protected, and the degree of exposure of each zone of this room to each environmental constraint during its use, so to provide optimal targeted localized protection.
• the functionalization can be carried out according to any method known to those skilled in the art in order to obtain the desired particular effect.
• the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles may in particular be subjected to metallization or surface ceramization. It can also be functionalized so as to obtain an anti-icing effect and / or resistance to fouling, for example by spraying an anti-icing and / or anti-fouling coating.
• the surface functionalization may further consist of a surface structuring so as to minimize friction drag and promote the entry of air, for example into a surface texturing to form sawtooth patterns, particularly by micro-waves. structuring by lithography or micro-thermoforming, or laser micro-structuring.
• the film according to the invention may also comprise additional layers , which are juxtaposed and / or superposed, on the adhesive sub-layer which supports the assembly, with the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by particles liquids.
• the film comprises at least one functional layer of polymer material having an anti-icing function, that is to say the ability to reduce the formation and adhesion of ice, and / or a function of resistance to fouling, that is to say facilitating the cleaning and / or having a low attitude to fouling.
• Each of such functional layers is superimposed and / or juxtaposed, on the adhesive sub-layer, to the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles.
• Such an additional functional layer may be constituted in any conventional manner in itself.
• the basic principles used for the development of glaciophobic and passive antifouling surfaces are essentially the same: it involves coupling a chemistry giving low surface energy and superhydrophobicity at optimal roughness.
• the functional layer may be based on so-called plant-inspired Lotus self-cleaning effect technology, which requires double roughness at micrometric and nanometric levels, as described in Dodiuk et al., Polymers for Advanced Technology.
• the addition to the adhesive film according to the invention of an anti-icing function proves particularly particularly advantageous compared to the anti-icing solutions proposed at the present time, which provide for the implementation of either temporary de-icing products, in the form of spray before takeoff, which have the drawbacks of having to be thrown at each flight, and generate significant pollution; or long-term defrosting products, in the form of a spray gel, which have the drawbacks of requiring a first application of a primer and then spraying the product, all in a temperature-controlled and clean zone; either active cleaning systems and defrosting by heat, having the disadvantage of a significant overweight.
• the film according to the invention overcomes all these disadvantages, since it allows in particular to obtain an anti-icing effect easily and durably, with a reduced mass impact.
• the film comprises at least one layer of polymer material having a surface structuring limiting friction drag in air, superimposed and / or juxtaposed, on the adhesive underlayer, to the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles.
• a layer advantageously makes it possible to achieve fuel savings.
• the adhesive film according to the invention can thus be formed of an assembly of different constituent layers, each having different functions of protecting the surface of the part, and all supported by the adhesive sub-layer. These different constituent layers may be juxtaposed and / or superimposed on each other on this adhesive sub-layer.
• the various constituent layers of the film which are juxtaposed and / or superimposed on each other are assembled to each other by adhesive, heat sealed or coextruded.
• the assembly of the layers superimposed on each other can be achieved by adhesive bonding, by means of specific adhesives compatible with the polymeric materials forming the layers.
• Such a complexing mode ensures a good cohesion of the stack, it is easy to implement and it allows the complexing of a large number of materials.
• the vertical lamination can be achieved by coextrusion, particularly suitable when the polymer materials have comparable thermal properties.
• the assembly of layers juxtaposed to each other can be achieved by adhesive bonding, in particular by means of an industrial complexing line, or by thermo-welding, the latter technique allowing in particular to ensure a significant cohesion of the layers and to minimize edge effects.
• the different layers juxtaposed to each other are also preferably arranged so as to overlap each other, so as to protect the adhesive from external aggression, especially chemical, and to avoid any empty space between the layers which could come either from a drift during the complexing, or dimensional variation of materials exposed to external stresses such as temperature, ultraviolet radiation, humidity, etc.
• the complexing may also be mixed, that is to say that the film may comprise both layers stacked on each other, and layers juxtaposed to each other.
• the adhesive sub-layer consists of an adhesive material of the pressure-sensitive type, chosen in particular from the materials of the acrylic, rubber and silicone families.
• This adhesive material preferably has a high adhesion capacity to the materials commonly used to dress aircraft structures, especially bonding primers, paint and metals such as aluminum, steel and titanium. as well as strong adhesiveness to the erosion resistant layer.
• Such an embodiment of the adhesive underlayer advantageously allows both the laying of the film on the surface of the part to be protected that its removal is easy and quick to achieve.
• the film according to the invention is thus easily replaceable, so that it constitutes a durable solution for the surface protection of the parts. In particular, it makes it possible to reduce the maintenance cycles and the downtimes of the aircraft necessary for this purpose.
• the replacement of the film according to the invention can also be implemented in any location, including in harsh and restrictive environments, such as in summary sheds, outdoors, etc.
• the adhesive sub-layer is preferably continuous. Its thickness may especially be between 25 and 100 ⁇ .
• the present invention relates to a method for the surface protection of a part, in particular the outer surface of an aircraft part, which comprises the steps of:
• thermoforming an adhesive film according to the present invention corresponding to one or more of the above characteristics, in a shape adapted to conform to the shape of at least part of the part, and applying the film thus shaped on the surface of said part of the part.
• the method comprises a preliminary step of determining the configuration of the film, that is to say the number, the functionality and the location, on the adhesive sub-layer, of the various functional layers which constitute it, in according to the specific needs of the particular part to be protected and the stresses to which the different zones of this part are intended to be subjected in operation, so as to ensure optimum protection of each of these zones by means of the film according to the invention.
• the film according to the invention manufactured in such a specific configuration thus advantageously provides targeted protection of each zone of the part against erosion by solid particles and / or by liquid particles, as well as, where appropriate, the frost and fouling.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to a kit for protecting the surface of a workpiece, which comprises a plurality of films according to the invention, corresponding to one or more of the above features, which are thermoformed to fit each the shape of a part of the room and cover together the entire surface to protect the room.
• These different films may have the same configuration, or different configurations.
• Each of these films is preferably configured to provide targeted protection of the area of the room on which it is intended to be applied, and the shape of which it is adapted, depending on the environmental constraints to which this area will be exposed in flight.
• the kit according to the invention thus constitutes a complete and optimized solution for the surface protection of parts of aircraft structures.
• the kit further comprises one or more tool (s) for applying the plurality of films to the surface of the workpiece, such as a spatula, a brush, etc. he can also include instructions for use, particularly as to the area of the room on which each film is intended to be applied.
• one or more tool (s) for applying the plurality of films to the surface of the workpiece such as a spatula, a brush, etc.
• he can also include instructions for use, particularly as to the area of the room on which each film is intended to be applied.
• FIGS. 1 a to 5b in which:
• FIG. 1a schematically shows a film according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 1b shows schematically a film according to a second embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 a schematically represents a film according to a third embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 3 a schematically represents a film according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, applied to an aircraft leading edge;
• FIG. 3b shows schematically a film according to a sixth embodiment of the invention, applied to an aircraft leading edge
• FIGS. 4a and 4b show parts coated with an adhesive film, respectively with a polyurethane-based film of the prior art (FIG. 4a) and with a film based on PEEK according to the invention (FIG. 4b), after a P-JET rain erosion test, each line corresponding to the number of impacts by liquid particles indicated vis-à-vis;
• FIGS. 5a and 5b show parts coated with an adhesive film, respectively with a polyurethane-based film according to the invention (FIG. 5a) and with a film based on polyurethane of lesser hardness (FIG. 4b). ), after a sand erosion test for 200 g of particles projected.
• FIG. 1a A first example of a film 10 according to the invention, in which the various constituent layers are juxtaposed ("horizontal complexing"), and flat conformation, is shown in Figure 1a.
• the various elements are shown slightly spaced from each other, although in fact they are closely applied against each other.
• the relative dimensions of the various constituent elements of the film are not representative of reality.
• the film 10 is applied to a part 20, which may in particular be an aircraft structural part capable of being subjected to operation under highly erosive conditions, such as a leading edge.
• the film 10 comprises an adhesive underlayer 1 1, formed of an adhesive material of the pressure sensitive type, such as the acrylic or rubber or silicone family.
• This adhesive sub-layer is continuous and has a thickness of between 25 and 100 ⁇ . It comprises a first face January 1, applied against the surface of the workpiece 20, and a second opposite face January 12, on which are fixed the various functional layers constituting the film 10.
• the film 10 comprises a layer 12 of material (x ) Polymer (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles.
• This so-called erosion resistance layer 12 is formed of three layer portions: two end-layer portions 13, 13 'formed of a first polymer material and resistant to erosion by solid particles, and a portion of central layer 14 formed of a second polymer material and resistant to erosion by liquid particles.
• the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material are especially selected from the following materials: TPU, PEEK and PE-UHMW.
• the film also comprises two anti-icing functional layers 15, 15 ', which are juxtaposed on the adhesive sub-layer 11 to the protective layer. erosion resistance 12, on both sides of the latter.
• These anti-icing layers 15, 15 ' are made of polymer material.
• these layers may comprise:
• this coating having a structuring, in particular in the form of a pattern points or lines.
• the film 10 has the same characteristics as those described above, with the exception of the layer 12 of erosion resistance, which is formed in this case in a single block of a single polymer material giving it good resistance to both sand erosion and rain erosion.
• This polymeric material is selected from the following materials: TPU, PEEK and PE-UHMW, of Shore D hardness between 50 and 65 D.
• FIG. 2a A third example of a film 10 according to the invention, in which the various constituent layers are juxtaposed or superimposed on each other ("mixed complexing"), and of planar conformation, is shown in FIG. 2a.
• the film 10 is applied to a part 20, by its adhesive underlayer 1 1.
• This erosion resistance layer 12 is formed of two layer portions which are superimposed on each other on the adhesive sub-layer 11: a lower layer portion 13 formed of a first polymer material and resistant to erosion by solid particles, and an upper layer portion 14 formed of a second polymer material and resistant to erosion by liquid particles.
• the film also comprises two anti-froth functional layers of polymer material 15, 15 ', which are juxtaposed on the adhesive sub-layer 1 1 to the erosion resistance layer 1 2, on either side of the latter.
• FIG. 2b Another example of film 10 according to the invention, shown in FIG. 2b, is identical to the film described above with reference to FIG. 2a, with the exception of the erosion resistant layer 12, which is formed in a single polymeric material having a high performance in terms of resistance to erosion both by liquid particles and by solid particles, chosen from materials of the PU, PEEK and PE-UHMW type, of Shore D hardness between 50 and 65 D.
• the erosion resistant layer 12 is formed in a single polymeric material having a high performance in terms of resistance to erosion both by liquid particles and by solid particles, chosen from materials of the PU, PEEK and PE-UHMW type, of Shore D hardness between 50 and 65 D.
• the films shown in Figures 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b all have a basis weight of less than or equal to 590 g / m 2 . They are easy to install and deposit, and they effectively protect the room, in a localized way, both against attacks by liquid particles and against attacks by solid particles, including in cases of severe exposure.
• the exact configuration of the film 10 is chosen to be adapted to the protection needs of the different areas of the room, so as to ensure optimum protection.
• FIG. 3a particular configurations of films adapted to the protection of a leading edge of an aircraft are shown in FIG. 3a.
• the different layers and layer portions are shown slightly spaced from each other for reasons of clarity.
• Such a configuration is however not limited to the invention, the different layers and portions of layers juxtaposed to each other are instead preferentially closely applied against each other.
• the film 10 comprises an erosion resistance layer 12 formed of two layer portions 13, 13 'made of a first polymer material [0] resistant to erosion by particles. solids, said sand-erosion resistant layer portions, which are juxtaposed on either side of a central layer portion 14 formed of a second polymer material and resistant to erosion by liquid particles, said portion of layer resistant to rain erosion. It further comprises two functional anti-icing end layers 15, 15 ', which are arranged on either side of the erosion resistance layer 12.
• the film 10 is disposed on the part 20 so that the rain erosion resistant layer portion 14 is disposed at the region of normal incidence of the piece, and the layer portions resistant to the sand erosion 13, 13 'and the anti-icing layers 15, 15' are arranged at low angle incidence zones, thus ensuring optimum targeted protection of the part with respect to the stresses to which it will be exposed. in flight.
• the film 10 is identical to the film described above with reference to FIG. 3a, with the exception of the erosion resistant layer 12, which is formed of a single material polymer having a high performance in terms of resistance to erosion both by liquid particles and by solid particles, chosen from materials of the PU, PEEK and PE-UHMW type, of Shore D hardness between 50 and 65 D. This layer extends over the normal incidence area and areas contiguous low-angle incidence of the aircraft part.
• Films coated parts according to the present invention have been subjected to tests to evaluate their resistance to erosion by liquid particles (rain erosion) and erosion by solid particles (sand erosion).
• Films according to the invention comprising an acrylic adhesive underlayer and an erosion-resistant layer are deposited on a SAE 1008 steel plate or on a painted plate (2024 aluminum substrate plated, anodized and painted with a layer of epoxy primer , of thickness between 15 and 25 ⁇ , and finished with a polyurethane layer, with a thickness of between 50 and 130 ⁇ ), then subjected to the high-pressure cleaner test, according to the protocol described below.
• the erosion-resistant layers of the various adhesive films tested are made up of: high-hardness thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) (55 to 60 Shore D) (Film F1), PEEK (65 Shore D) (Film F2), PE-UHMW (50 Shore D) (Film F3).
• TPU high-hardness thermoplastic polyurethane
• PEEK 65 Shore D
• PE-UHMW 50 Shore D
• a test plate coated with an adhesive film comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane layer proposed by the prior art, having a hardness Shore D 35, lower than that recommended by the present invention (Film F0) is also subjected to the test. ).
• A.1 / Resistance to rain erosion The duration of the test is 60 s.
• the purpose is to evaluate the resistance of the selected adhesive films to a jet of water under pressure to simulate a high speed "rain" type environment.
• the apparatus for projecting water is a karcher-type water jet nozzle cleaner. It is therefore an impact of a continuous stream and not drops of water. This test simulates therefore, in a similar way, the erosion phenomenon encountered by a leading edge of a helicopter blade or an airplane wing in a rainy environment.
• the operating conditions are as follows.
• the nozzle / substrate distance is constant. This is the time required for the perforation of the adhesive film is raised. The test is stopped after 60 s of exposure if the film is not perforated.
• the aim is to evaluate the resistance of films to a sand jet under pressure in order to simulate a "air + sand" type environment at high speed.
• the device for projecting this sandblast is an industrial sandblaster.
• the part used is a SAE 1008 steel plate.
• Such a painted plate, without film, is also subjected to the test (control).
• the operating conditions are as follows:
• Nozzle / piece distance 4.7 cm
• the films according to the present invention are well more effective than the low hardness polyurethane-based films of the prior art.
• the films tested comprise an acrylic adhesive underlayer of thickness 50 ⁇ , and an erosion-resistant layer of thickness between 100 and 250 ⁇ , of following constitution: thermoplastic polyurethane hardness (aliphatic polyurethane thickness 200 ⁇ ) Shore D hardness 40 to 50 (limits excluded) (Film F4, Comparative Example); thermoplastic polyurethane high hardness (aliphatic polyurethane thickness 250 ⁇ ) Shore D hardness 50 to 60 (Film F5); thermoplastic polyurethane high hardness (aliphatic polyurethane thickness 250 ⁇ ) Shore D hardness 50 to 60 (with adhesion promoter, Film F5 '); Semi-crystalline PEEK (thickness 100 ⁇ ) of hardness Shore D 65 (Film F6); PEEK semi-crystalline (thickness 100 ⁇ ) of hardness Shore D 65 (with adhesion promoter, Film F6 ').
• thermoplastic polyurethane hardness aliphatic polyurethane thickness 200 ⁇
• Shore D hardness 40 to 50 limits excluded
• F4 350 230 1000 to 8000 Perforation at about 5000
• the adhesive films according to the invention F5 and F6 both have a greatly improved ability to withstand rain erosion compared to the film F0 of the prior art, including in the presence of a promoter. adhesion. They also have a better performance than the film F4, of lesser hardness.
• the coated parts of the various films tested were subjected to accelerated UV aging, in a conventional aging chamber known as QUV, reproducing the damage caused by the UV part of sunlight, rain and dew.
• the parts were subjected to alternating cycles of UV light and humidity (by water condensation) at controlled high temperatures, according to the following parameters: total time 1000 h (125 cycles of 4 h condensation / 4 h UVB
• total time 1000 h 125 cycles of 4 h condensation / 4 h UVB
• the test protocol is in accordance with that described in Example B.1 / above.
• the operating parameters applied and the results obtained are shown in Table 4 below.
• the adhesive films according to the invention always have, after accelerated aging, a rain erosion resistance capacity greatly improved compared to the film F0 of the prior art.
• the film according to the invention F5 also has a better performance than the film F4, of lesser hardness.
• the test protocol is that of the ASTM G76 Standard, relating to erosion tests by solid particles.
• solid particles silicon spherical particles with a diameter of 200 ⁇
• the erosion rate is determined from the linear part of the substrate weight loss curve as a function of time.
• the test is carried out at 20 °, for 100 g of projected solid particles.
• the films according to the invention are significantly more efficient than the film of the prior art F0 and the film F4.
• the adhesive films were tested on a simplified configuration piece representative of a helicopter structural part, comprising, on a previously etched aluminum plate 2024, successively, an epoxy finishing layer of thickness between 15 and 25 ⁇ and a polyurethane topcoat thickness between 50 and 100 ⁇ , and, where specified, a layer of adhesion promoter thickness 26 ⁇ .
• the films tested comprise an acrylic adhesive underlayer of thickness 50 ⁇ , and an erosion-resistant layer of thickness between 100 and 250 ⁇ , of following constitution: thermoplastic polyurethane hardness (aliphatic polyurethane thickness 200 ⁇ ) Shore D hardness 40 to 50 (limits excluded) (Film F4, Comparative Example); thermoplastic polyurethane high hardness (aliphatic polyurethane thickness 200 ⁇ ) Shore D hardness 40 to 50 (limits excluded) with adhesion promoter (Film F4 ', comparative example); thermoplastic polyurethane high hardness (aliphatic polyurethane thickness 250 ⁇ ) Shore D hardness 50 to 60 (Film F5); thermoplastic polyurethane high hardness (aliphatic polyurethane thickness 250 ⁇ ) Shore D hardness 50 to 60 (with adhesion promoter, Film F5 '); PEEK semi-crystalline (thickness 100 ⁇ ) Shore D hardness 65 (Film F6); PEEK semi-crystalline (thickness 100 ⁇ ) Shore D hardness
• FIGS. 4a and 4b show the pieces obtained at the end of the test, respectively for the film of the prior art F0 'and for the film according to the invention F6'.
• each line corresponds to the number of impacts by the liquid particles indicated vis-à-vis.
• the test protocol is consistent with that described with reference to Experiment 2. The test is carried out at 20 °, per 100 g of solid particles sprayed.
• a cohesion test was carried out by applying the film F6 according to the invention, or the film F0 of the prior art, on parts coated with a paint primer. The pieces were subjected to an aging test at 75 for 20 h, then peeled at 180 degrees at 100 mm / min.
• the adhesive strength of the PEEK of Shore D hardness 65 selected in accordance with the present invention also corresponds to an average load per width of 11.61 (N / cm), for only 8, 19 N / cm for the TPU of the prior art, Shore D hardness 35.

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