WO2016042189A1 - Industrial lubrication system distributed via oil mist - Google Patents

Industrial lubrication system distributed via oil mist Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016042189A1
WO2016042189A1 PCT/ES2015/070668 ES2015070668W WO2016042189A1 WO 2016042189 A1 WO2016042189 A1 WO 2016042189A1 ES 2015070668 W ES2015070668 W ES 2015070668W WO 2016042189 A1 WO2016042189 A1 WO 2016042189A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
oil mist
mist
lubrication system
pressurized
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2015/070668
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ricardo ALMENARA ROMÁN
José Mene Roche
Salvador Izquierdo Estallo
María GARCÍA CAMPRUBÍ
Ignacio Ainsa Claver
Carlos PERIBÁÑEZ SUBIRÓN
David DÍEZ DÍEZ
Original Assignee
Grupo Técnico Rivi,S.L.
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Publication date
Application filed by Grupo Técnico Rivi,S.L. filed Critical Grupo Técnico Rivi,S.L.
Publication of WO2016042189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016042189A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N7/00—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated
    • F16N7/30—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated the oil being fed or carried along by another fluid
    • F16N7/32—Mist lubrication
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N7/00—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated
    • F16N7/30—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated the oil being fed or carried along by another fluid
    • F16N7/32—Mist lubrication
    • F16N7/34—Atomising devices for oil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N7/00—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated
    • F16N7/38—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated with a separate pump; Central lubrication systems
    • F16N7/385—Central lubrication systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N7/00—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated
    • F16N7/38—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated with a separate pump; Central lubrication systems
    • F16N7/40—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated with a separate pump; Central lubrication systems in a closed circulation system

Definitions

  • Industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist This specification refers, as its title indicates, to an industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist, of high energy efficiency, comprising a console equipped with one or more fogging heads of microinjection oil, pressurized oil supply means, the oil itself, compressed air supply means, pneumatic ducts of the oil mist, various condensation and application devices on the demand point, collection collectors and some return ducts to the console, each micro-injection oil mist head comprising a pressurized oil chamber and a pressurized air chamber communicated with each other by one or several discharge holes, and having the pressurized air chamber with one or more holes output in position coinciding with the above holes of discharge.
  • the field of the present invention is that of systems and equipment intended for distributed lubrication for the industry in general, and especially for heavy industry, such as steel industry (furnaces, rolling mills, continuous casting, aluminum rolling) , processing of petroleum and its derivatives, mining, hydroelectric plants (turbines and gates) or heavy machinery (cranes, porches, mobile transport, etc).
  • Lubrication is conventionally applied by direct deposition, which can be, for example, by injection or spray. These systems present problems of overheating due to excess lubrication, the frequent presence of leaks, causing serious environmental damage, and high installation and maintenance costs.
  • Current oil mist lubrication systems arose from the need to achieve adequate lubrication for bearings and bearings that work at high speed.
  • pneumatic transport systems of small quantities of suspended oil known as oil mist
  • oil mist are known and are currently used, this being the fraction of the spray, with drops smaller than 5 micrometers.
  • the process of generating the oil mist is known as fogging.
  • the oil mist for pneumatic transport can be carried out by means of two types of heads, those that make use of the Venturi effect and those that employ the Vortex effect.
  • the disadvantages of these heads are the consumption of large amounts of compressed air (with the consequent energy consumption) and the dragging of too large oil particles, causing the oil to condense in the transport pipes, causing losses and requiring a frequent maintenance
  • These systems have the limitation that they can only use low / medium viscosity oils to produce fog, restricting the number of possible applications, since for a large number of applications, lubrication with high viscosity oils is required or advisable.
  • microinjection includes those injection systems in which the physical processes that allow the correct mixing or generation of the fluid spray only take place if their characteristic dimensions are in the environment of micrometers or millimeters.
  • high energy efficiency microinjection techniques in the fogging process that generate flow blurring or flow focusing flow patterns are known.
  • this high energy efficiency microinjection line a new flow pattern has been identified, on which the presented invention is based, which we call oil misting.
  • the Reynolds number of the flows must be at least 20 and preferably greater than 100.
  • the Reynolds number is a dimensionless number that relates the density, viscosity, velocity and dimension typical of a flow. With the highly viscous oils used in the invention, the oil misting flow pattern appears with a Reynolds number of less than 20.
  • an example of a flow focusing microinjection technique is described in US61 16516A - " Stabilized capillary microjet and devices and methods for producing same "(2000). In it, and unlike the invention presented with oil misting, a recirculation cell (“reflux cell”) that invades the entrance of the fluid to be nebulized is not formed.
  • the derivative formulation in flow focusing microinjection techniques, implies the use of a non-viscous flow, since they indicate a Ohnesorge number much lower than 1 (Oh «1).
  • the Ohnesorge Number (Oh) is a dimensionless number that relates viscous forces and surface tension forces.
  • the Ohnesorge number may exceed the unit (Oh> 1).
  • the industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist object of the present invention has been devised, achieving a high flow rate of fog with a low air volume consumption, which can be 75%, or higher, compared to conventional systems based on Venturi or Vortex effect, in addition to the consequent energy savings that reduce air consumption, reducing operating costs and the environmental impact.
  • the reduction of the air volume is a consequence of an optimal fog generation, seeking the balance between the minimum air consumption, which allows maximum energy efficiency, and the generation of high fog flows, operating with an oil misting flow pattern.
  • the industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist comprises a console, oil supply means, the oil itself, compressed air supply means, one or more pneumatic ducts of the oil mist, by means of an air flow, a plurality of condensation and application devices on the demand point, collection collectors and one or more return ducts to the console, said console comprising one or more oil mist heads, with drops of diameter less than 5 micrometers, susceptible if transported by an air flow, oil and air co-injecting the fogging head or heads, which comprise at least
  • the pressurized oil supply means and the compressed air supply means can be any of the known and commonly used types, both in the form of pressurized tanks and by electric or pneumatic pumps.
  • the industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist allows the mist of high viscosity oils, also optimizes oil consumption, minimizing the amount of recirculation of the same, highlighting the tightness of the system.
  • the industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist generates pressurized air without the need of impulse pumps, which reduces the maintenance and breakdowns of the installation, with the consequent economic savings.
  • the opening of the discharge orifices and the exit holes of the micro-injection oil mist head, and the separation between them, are between 0.01 and 5 millimeters. In an alternative embodiment, the opening of the discharge orifices and the exit holes of the micro-injection oil mist head, and the separation between them, are comprised between 0.1 and 1 millimeters.
  • the oils used have a viscosity between 5 and 5000 mm 2 / s. at the operating temperature, and a surface tension between 0.001 and 1 N / m under standard conditions.
  • oils used have a viscosity between 20 and 500 mm 2 / s.
  • the operating temperature will preferably be between 20 e C and 50 e C.
  • the mass flow of air used in the pneumatic lines of the oil mist is between 1 and 500 times the mass flow of oil in the mist.
  • the mass flow of air used in the pneumatic lines of the oil mist is between 24 and 300 times the mass flow of oil in the mist.
  • the diameter of the pneumatic lines of the oil mist is such that the transport speed divided by the square root of the product of gravity by the diameter of the pneumatic transport line results in a dimensionless number of Froude (Fr) greater than 0.5 .
  • the industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist also has means of regulation and control of its working temperature regardless of the ambient temperature, so that it can be predicted and perfectly controlled the behavior of air and oil flows regardless of the ambient temperature.
  • These means for regulating and controlling their working temperature regardless of the ambient temperature can be installed in the pressurized oil chamber, in the pressurized air chamber of each micro-injection oil mist head, in the whole of the mist head oil by microinjection, in the console, in the pressurized oil supply means or in the compressed air supply means.
  • the experimental tests have been complemented with numerical simulation tests, in which the domain under study has been restricted to the fogging head.
  • the numerical simulations allow to study the flow pattern of both fluids within the fogging head and define the operating conditions in which the flow of interest pattern appears, and what we call oil misting.
  • Oil misting unlike flow focusing and flow blurring, is a concrete flow pattern that allows oil mist to be generated with the desired oil and air ratios, i.e. Mass air to fog ratio between 24 and 300.
  • phase of oil mist generation with oil droplets with a diameter of less than 5 micrometers, carried out in one or more micro-injection oil nebulization heads through at least one pressurized oil chamber and a pressurized pressurized air chamber each other by one or several discharge holes, so that the oil flow through the discharge holes is such that the product of its speed, at the exit of the pressurized oil chamber, by its density and by the opening, divided, between the viscosity of the oil, results in a dimensionless Reynolds number (Re) of less than 20, with the pressurized air chamber having one or more outlet openings, in a position coinciding with the above-mentioned discharge holes, - a pneumatic distribution phase of the oil mist to the demand points,
  • Re dimensionless Reynolds number
  • This industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist presented provides multiple advantages over the systems currently available being the most important that achieves a significant reduction in the volume of air required that can be 75%, or higher, compared to Conventional systems based on Venturi or Vortex effect.
  • This reduction is a consequence of an optimal fog generation, seeking the balance between the minimum air consumption, which allows maximum energy efficiency, and the generation of high fog flows.
  • This is achieved by co-injection of air and oil operating with an oil misting flow pattern.
  • the energy saving derived from the reduction of air consumption, means a decrease in the operating cost and decreases the impact on the environment.
  • this invention allows the nebulization of oils of high viscosity.
  • Another advantage to highlight is the use of a pressurized air delivery system without the need for drive pumps, where appropriate, a frequent source of problems, which results in a need for less maintenance and reduction of the installation's faults, with the consequent economic savings.
  • Another important aspect is the existence of fogging process control systems, to operate safely, and the lubrication installation, to guarantee the arrival of fog.
  • the existence of means of regulation and control of its working temperature is also remarkable, so that the behavior of air and oil flows can be predicted and controlled independently of the ambient temperature.
  • this lubrication system is the only one that is fully adaptable to high fog flows and high oil viscosities, so it is possible to combine it with the devices currently on the market.
  • Figure 2 shows a simplified scheme of the microinjection head for nebulization.
  • Figure 3 shows the oil misting flow pattern
  • Figure 4 shows a graph of the characteristic curve of the installation.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 shows a console (1) equipped with one or more oil mist heads (2) by microinjection, co-injecting oil (13) and air (14), capable of generating an oil mist (15) with drops of diameter less than 5 micrometers, capable of being transported by an air flow, means of supply (3) of pressurized oil (13), the oil itself (13), means of supply (4) of air (14) compressed, one or more pneumatic ducts (5) of the oil mist (15) by means of an air flow, a plurality of condensation devices (6) on the demand point, collection collectors (8) and one or several return ducts (7) to the console (1).
  • the means of supply (3) of pressurized oil (13) and the means of supply (4) of compressed air (14) can be any of the types known and commonly used, both in the form of pressurized tanks and by electric or pneumatic pumps .
  • Each oil nebulization head (2) by microinjection in turn comprises at least one pressurized oil chamber (9) and a pressurized air chamber (10), communicated with each other by one or more discharge holes (1 1), so that the flow of oil, which passes through the discharge holes (1 1) is such that the product of its speed, at the exit of the pressurized oil chamber (9), by its density and by the opening, divided, between the viscosity of the oil (13), results in a dimensionless number of Reynolds (Re) less than 20.
  • the pressurized air chamber (10) in turn has one or more outlet holes (12), in position coinciding with the above discharge holes (1 1).
  • the opening, or hydraulic diameter, of the discharge holes (1 1), the opening of the outlet holes (12), and the separation between the discharge holes (1 1) and the outlet holes (12) of the head oil mist (2) by microinjection is between 0.01 and 5 millimeters, preferably between 0.1 and 1 millimeters. It is envisaged that the openings of the discharge orifices (1 1) and the openings of the outlet orifices (12) of the oil mist head (2) by microinjection may be equal to each other or different, although within the ranges previously specified.
  • This oil spray head (2) by microinjection allows the generation of oil droplets with a diameter of less than 5 micrometers, capable of remaining suspended in the air and being transported pneumatically by means of an air flow to the lubrication points.
  • the mass flow of air used in the pneumatic lines (5) for the transport of the oil mist is between 1 and 500 times the mass flow of oil in the mist, preferably between 24 and 300 times.
  • the diameter of the pneumatic lines (5) of the oil mist (15) is such that the transport speed divided by the square root of the gravity product by the diameter of the pneumatic transport line (5) results in a number Froude (Fr) greater than 0.5.
  • the Froude number (Fr) is a dimensionless number that relates the effect of the forces of inertia and the force of gravity acting on a fluid.
  • the nebulized oils used for industrial lubrication according to this invention have a viscosity between 5 and 5000 mm 2 / s at the operating temperature, preferably between 20 and 500 mm 2 / s, and a surface tension between 0.001 and 1 N / m in standard conditions.
  • the operating temperature will preferably be between 20 e C and 50 e C.
  • the micro-jet or jet leaves the oil mist head (2) by compressed air-drawn microinjection (14) of the pressurized air chamber (10) through the outlet orifices (12), which destabilizes it and It breaks it down into small drops that form the oil mist (15).
  • Figure 4 shows the characteristic curve of the operation of the oil mist lubrication installation (15) according to the recommended invention.
  • the ordinate axis (16) of the graph represents the ratio of the mass air flow between mass fog flow effective (condensed at the lubrication points).
  • the horizontal axis (17) represents the dimensionless Reynolds number (Re 0 i) of the oil discharge ports (1 : 1) of the oil pressure chamber (9).
  • the data represented by markers (without line) represent numerical study results corrected with the experimental performance value. Additionally, by way of reference, the following air-to-fog ratios are indicated in the figure:
  • Venturi (18) ratio of the state of the art of Venturi technology for oil mist generation.
  • Vortex (19) state of the art ratio of Vortex technology for oil mist generation.
  • phase of oil mist generation (15), with oil droplets with a diameter less than 5 micrometers, carried out in one or more oil mist heads (2) by microinjection through at least one pressurized oil chamber ( 9) and a pressurized air chamber (10) communicated with each other by one or several discharge orifices (1 1), so that the oil flow (13), which passes through the discharge orifices (1 1) is such , that the product of its speed, at the exit of the pressurized oil chamber (9), by its density and by the opening, divided, by the viscosity of the oil (13), results in a dimensionless number of Reynolds (Re) less than 20, with the pressurized air chamber (10) having one or more outlet openings (12), in a position coinciding with the aforementioned discharge openings (1 1),

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an industrial lubrication system distributed via oil mist, comprising: a console (1) having one or a number of micro-injection heads (2) provided with means for supplying pressurised oil (13) and means for supplying compressed air (14); pipes (5) that transport the mist to devices for condensation and application over the point of demand (6); collectors (8); and return lines (7) to the console. Each micro-injection head (2) comprises a pressurised oil chamber (9) and a pressurised air chamber (10) which are interconnected via one or a number of discharge openings (11), via which the flow of oil has a Reynolds number less than 20, as well as outlet openings (12) aligned with the discharge openings (11), permitting the nebulisation of the oil with a low compressed air consumption and a resulting energy saving.

Description

DESCRIPCION  DESCRIPTION
Sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite La presente memoria descriptiva se refiere, como su título indica, a un sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite, de alta eficiencia energética, que comprende una consola dotada de uno o varios cabezales de nebulización de aceite por microinyección, medios de suministro de aceite presurizado, el propio aceite, medios de suministro de aire comprimido, unas conducciones neumáticas de la niebla de aceite, varios dispositivos de condensación y aplicación sobre el punto de demanda, unos colectores de recogida y unos conductos de retorno hasta la consola, comprendiendo cada cabezal de nebulización de aceite por microinyección una cámara presurizada de aceite y una cámara presurizada de aire comunicadas entre sí por uno o varios orificios de descarga, y disponiendo la cámara presurizada de aire de uno o varios orificios de salida en posición coincidente con los antedichos orificios de descarga.  Industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist This specification refers, as its title indicates, to an industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist, of high energy efficiency, comprising a console equipped with one or more fogging heads of microinjection oil, pressurized oil supply means, the oil itself, compressed air supply means, pneumatic ducts of the oil mist, various condensation and application devices on the demand point, collection collectors and some return ducts to the console, each micro-injection oil mist head comprising a pressurized oil chamber and a pressurized air chamber communicated with each other by one or several discharge holes, and having the pressurized air chamber with one or more holes output in position coinciding with the above holes of discharge.
Campo de la invención Field of the Invention
El campo de la presente invención es el de los sistemas y equipos destinados a la lubricación distribuida para la industria en general, y especialmente para la industria pesada, como por ejemplo industria siderúrgica (hornos, trenes de laminación , coladas continuas, laminación de aluminio), procesado de petróleo y sus derivados, minería, centrales hidráulicas (turbinas y compuertas) o maquinaria pesada (grúas, pórticos, transporte móvil, etc). The field of the present invention is that of systems and equipment intended for distributed lubrication for the industry in general, and especially for heavy industry, such as steel industry (furnaces, rolling mills, continuous casting, aluminum rolling) , processing of petroleum and its derivatives, mining, hydroelectric plants (turbines and gates) or heavy machinery (cranes, porches, mobile transport, etc).
Estado de la Técnica State of the Art
La lubricación se aplica convencionalmente por deposición directa, pudiendo ser esta, por ejemplo, por inyección o espray. Estos sistemas presentan problemas de sobrecalentamiento por exceso de lubricación, la frecuente presencia de fugas, que origina graves daños medioambientales, y altos costes de instalación y mantenimiento. Los sistemas actuales de lubricación por niebla de aceite surgieron de la necesidad de conseguir una lubricación adecuada para rodamientos y cojinetes que trabajan a alta velocidad. Para intentar solventar estos problemas se conocen y se utilizan en la actualidad sistemas de transporte neumático de pequeñas cantidades de aceite en suspensión, denominada niebla de aceite, siendo esta la fracción del espray, con gotas menores de 5 micrómetros. El proceso de generar la niebla de aceite se conoce como nebulización. Lubrication is conventionally applied by direct deposition, which can be, for example, by injection or spray. These systems present problems of overheating due to excess lubrication, the frequent presence of leaks, causing serious environmental damage, and high installation and maintenance costs. Current oil mist lubrication systems arose from the need to achieve adequate lubrication for bearings and bearings that work at high speed. To try to solve these problems, pneumatic transport systems of small quantities of suspended oil, known as oil mist, are known and are currently used, this being the fraction of the spray, with drops smaller than 5 micrometers. The process of generating the oil mist is known as fogging.
Dentro del estado de la técnica, la nebulización del aceite para su transporte neumático, puede llevarse a cabo mediante dos tipos de cabezales, los que hacen uso del efecto Venturi y aquéllos que emplean el efecto Vortex. Los inconvenientes que presentan estos cabezales son el consumo de grandes cantidades de aire comprimido (con el consecuente consumo de energía) y el arrastre de partículas de aceite demasiado grandes, provocando que el aceite condense en las tuberías de transporte, originando pérdidas y requiriendo de un frecuente mantenimiento. Estos sistemas tienen la limitación de que únicamente pueden utilizar aceites de viscosidad baja/media para producir niebla, restringiendo el número de aplicaciones posibles, ya que para un gran número de aplicaciones se requiere, o es aconsejable, la lubricación con aceites de alta viscosidad. Within the state of the art, the oil mist for pneumatic transport can be carried out by means of two types of heads, those that make use of the Venturi effect and those that employ the Vortex effect. The disadvantages of these heads are the consumption of large amounts of compressed air (with the consequent energy consumption) and the dragging of too large oil particles, causing the oil to condense in the transport pipes, causing losses and requiring a frequent maintenance These systems have the limitation that they can only use low / medium viscosity oils to produce fog, restricting the number of possible applications, since for a large number of applications, lubrication with high viscosity oils is required or advisable.
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
Existen varias patentes y documentos científicos publicados y relacionados con este tipo de sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite. Algunos ejemplos de sistemas convencionales siguiendo alguna de estas técnicas ya conocidas (Venturi o Vortex) los podemos encontrar descritos en las siguientes patentes: US6167318A - "0/7 mist generating system and method' (1997), US2006060425A1 - "Air/oil mist lubrication system and method of use" (2004), CN201232654Y - " Self-feedback oil fog lubrication system for large machine pump group" (2008), US3939944A - "Oil-mist lubrication system" (1974), US5318152A - Lubricating system (1993), CN2622537Y - "Lubricant fog generator for thin oír (2003), US5806630A - "Modular mist lubrication system" (1996), JPH06129594A - "Lubricating oil atomization supply system and valve device for if (1993) y CN101216144A - "Energy-saving environment-friendly type oil fog system and oil fog producing method' (2008). Todas estas realizaciones, con una tecnología con principio de operación completamente diferente de la propuesta, comparten los problemas y limitaciones indicados anteriormente, como son el elevado consumo de aire comprimido y el elevado gasto energético, el gran tamaño de gota generado, y especialmente la imposibilidad de uso de aceites de alta viscosidad, que limita el campo de aplicación. También podemos encontrar realizaciones como la descrita en la patente US2006231341 - "Lubrication svstem" (2003), que divulga un sistema de lubricación para engrasar elementos mecánicos que utiliza espray directo para crear las gotas de aceite, de gran tamaño, in situ en el punto a lubricar, pero estas gotas de gran tamaño no son capaces de permanecer en suspensión en el aire y por tanto no pueden ser transportadas desde un punto de generación hasta los puntos de lubricación. There are several patents and scientific documents published and related to this type of industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist. Some examples of conventional systems following some of these known techniques (Venturi or Vortex) can be found described in the following patents: US6167318A - "0/7 mist generating system and method '(1997), US2006060425A1 -" Air / oil mist lubrication system and method of use "(2004), CN201232654Y -" Self-feedback oil fog lubrication system for large machine pump group "(2008), US3939944A -" Oil-mist lubrication system "(1974), US5318152A - Lubricating system (1993) , CN2622537Y - "Lubricant fog generator for thin hear (2003), US5806630A -" Modular mist lubrication system "(1996), JPH06129594A -" Lubricating oil atomization supply system and valve device for if (1993) and CN101216144A - "Energy-saving environment -friendly type oil fog system and oil fog producing method '(2008). All these embodiments, with a technology with an operating principle completely different from the one proposed, share the problems and limitations indicated above, such as the high consumption of compressed air and the high energy expenditure, the large droplet size generated, and especially the impossibility of use of oils of high viscosity, which limits the field of application. We can also find embodiments such as the one described in the patent US2006231341 - "Lubrication svstem" (2003), which discloses a lubrication system for lubricating mechanical elements that uses direct spray to create the large oil droplets, in situ at the point to be lubricated, but these large drops are not able to remain in suspension in the air and therefore cannot be transported from a generation point to the lubrication points.
Otros dispositivos, como el descrito US2003000773 - "Additive nebulising device" (2003), presenta un sistema de nebulización dotado de un cabezal con una tecnología y configuración completamente diferente a nuestra invención, y utiliza para la generación de las partículas de aceite un sistema que tiene partes móviles accionadas con picos de presión o mediante accionamientos que pueden ser piezoeléctricos o de otro tipo. Estos accionamientos son una fuente de averías, tienen una vida limitada y necesitan de un frecuente y costoso mantenimiento, a diferencia de nuestra invención. Other devices, such as the one described in US2003000773 - "Additive nebulising device" (2003), presents a fogging system equipped with a head with a technology and configuration completely different from our invention, and uses a system for the generation of oil particles It has moving parts driven by pressure peaks or by means of drives that can be piezoelectric or otherwise. These drives are a source of breakdowns, have a limited life and need frequent and expensive maintenance, unlike our invention.
También son conocidas técnicas en otras áreas industriales en las que se necesita nebulizar líquidos, típicamente de baja viscosidad, que se basan en dispositivos de microinyeccion. La microinyeccion comprende aquellos sistemas de inyección en los que los procesos físicos que permiten la correcta mezcla o generación del espray del fluido sólo tienen lugar si las dimensiones características de los mismos están en el entorno de micrómetros o milímetros. Así, en el sector farmacéutico o el de técnicas de caracterización física, son conocidas las técnicas de microinyeccion de alta eficiencia energética en el proceso de nebulización que generan patrones de flujo tipo flow blurring o tipo flow focusing. En esta línea de microinyeccion de alta eficiencia energética se ha identificado un nuevo patrón de flujo, en el que se basa la invención presentada, que denominamos oil misting. Techniques are also known in other industrial areas where it is necessary to nebulize liquids, typically of low viscosity, which are based on microinjection devices. The microinjection includes those injection systems in which the physical processes that allow the correct mixing or generation of the fluid spray only take place if their characteristic dimensions are in the environment of micrometers or millimeters. Thus, in the pharmaceutical or physical characterization techniques sector, high energy efficiency microinjection techniques in the fogging process that generate flow blurring or flow focusing flow patterns are known. In this high energy efficiency microinjection line, a new flow pattern has been identified, on which the presented invention is based, which we call oil misting.
Un ejemplo de este tipo de técnica de microinyeccion, que genera el patrón de flujo flow blurring, lo encontramos en la patente US2012/0292406 A1 - "Procedure and Device For The Micro-Mixing Of Fluids Through Fleflux Celf (2012). En ella se describe la formación de una celda de recirculación ("reflux cell") generada por la aparición de un punto de remanso ("stagnation point") que invade y colapsa la entrada del fluido a nebulizar ("collapse of the inlet of the fluid"). A diferencia de esto, en el patrón de flujo oil misting, tal y como se utiliza en la invención presentada, no aparece tal punto de remanso y no se colapsa la entrada del fluido a nebulizar. Además, en la celda de recirculación del flujo flow blurring se produce la interacción de ambas fases. Sin embargo, en la invención presentada, que utiliza oil misting, la zona de recirculación es exclusivamente de aire, no interaccionan las fases en esa burbuja. An example of this type of microinjection technique, which generates the flow blurring flow pattern, is found in patent US2012 / 0292406 A1 - "Procedure and Device For The Micro-Mixing Of Fluids Through Fleflux Celf (2012). describes the formation of a recirculation cell ("reflux cell") generated by the appearance of a backwater point ("stagnation point") that invades and collapses the entrance of the fluid to be nebulized ("collapse of the inlet of the fluid") In contrast to this, in the oil misting flow pattern, as used in the presented invention, such a backwater point does not appear and the inlet of the fluid to be nebulized does not collapse, and in the flow recirculation cell flow blurring the interaction of both phases occurs, however, in the presented invention, which uses oil misting, the recirculation zone is exclusively air, the phases in that bubble do not interact.
Asimismo, en las técnicas de microinyeccion de tipo flow blurring se indica que el número de Reynolds de los flujos debe ser al menos 20 y preferiblemente mayor que 100. El número de Reynolds es un número adimensional que relaciona la densidad, viscosidad, velocidad y dimensión típica de un flujo. Con los aceites muy viscosos utilizados en la invención, el patrón de flujo oil misting aparece con un número de Reynolds inferior a 20. Por otro lado, un ejemplo de técnica de microinyeccion de tipo flow focusing se encuentra descrito en la patente US61 16516A - "Stabilized capillary microjet and devices and methods for producing same" (2000). En ella, y a diferencia de la invención presentada con oil misting, no se forma una celda de recirculación ("reflux cell") que invade la entrada del fluido a nebulizar. Also, in the flow blurring microinjection techniques it is indicated that the Reynolds number of the flows must be at least 20 and preferably greater than 100. The Reynolds number is a dimensionless number that relates the density, viscosity, velocity and dimension typical of a flow. With the highly viscous oils used in the invention, the oil misting flow pattern appears with a Reynolds number of less than 20. On the other hand, an example of a flow focusing microinjection technique is described in US61 16516A - " Stabilized capillary microjet and devices and methods for producing same "(2000). In it, and unlike the invention presented with oil misting, a recirculation cell ("reflux cell") that invades the entrance of the fluid to be nebulized is not formed.
Asimismo, la formulación derivada, en las técnicas de microinyeccion de tipo flow focusing, implican el uso de un flujo no viscoso, ya que indican un número de Ohnesorge muy inferior a 1 (Oh « 1 ). El Número de Ohnesorge (Oh) es un número adimensional que relaciona las fuerzas viscosas y las fuerzas de tensión superficial. Para los aceites de lubricación utilizados en la invención el número de Ohnesorge puede superar la unidad (Oh > 1 ). Likewise, the derivative formulation, in flow focusing microinjection techniques, implies the use of a non-viscous flow, since they indicate a Ohnesorge number much lower than 1 (Oh «1). The Ohnesorge Number (Oh) is a dimensionless number that relates viscous forces and surface tension forces. For the lubrication oils used in the invention, the Ohnesorge number may exceed the unit (Oh> 1).
Descripción de la invención Description of the invention
Para solventar la problemática existente en la actualidad en la distribución de aceite de alta viscosidad en forma de niebla en instalaciones de lubricación distribuida, se ha ideado el sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite objeto de la presente invención, consiguiendo un alto caudal de niebla con un bajo consumo de volumen de aire, que puede ser de un 75%, o superior, frente a sistemas convencionales basados en efecto Venturi o Vortex, además del consiguiente ahorro energético que supone la reducción del consumo de aire, reduciendo costes de operación y el impacto medioambiental. To solve the current problem in the distribution of high viscosity oil in the form of fog in distributed lubrication facilities, the industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist object of the present invention has been devised, achieving a high flow rate of fog with a low air volume consumption, which can be 75%, or higher, compared to conventional systems based on Venturi or Vortex effect, in addition to the consequent energy savings that reduce air consumption, reducing operating costs and the environmental impact.
La reducción del volumen de aire es consecuencia de una generación de niebla óptima, buscando el equilibrio entre el consumo mínimo de aire, que permite la máxima eficiencia energética, y la generación de altos caudales de niebla, operando con patrón de flujo tipo oil misting. El sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite comprende una consola, medios de suministro de aceite, el propio aceite, medios de suministro de aire comprimido, una o varias conducciones neumáticas de la niebla de aceite, mediante un flujo de aire, una pluralidad de dispositivos de condensación y aplicación sobre el punto de demanda, unos colectores de recogida y uno o varios conductos de retorno hasta la consola, comprendiendo dicha consola de uno o varios cabezales de nebulización de aceite, con gotas de diámetro menor a 5 micrómetros, susceptibles de ser transportadas por un flujo de aire, coinyectando aceite y aire el cabezal o los cabezales de nebulización, que comprenden al menos The reduction of the air volume is a consequence of an optimal fog generation, seeking the balance between the minimum air consumption, which allows maximum energy efficiency, and the generation of high fog flows, operating with an oil misting flow pattern. The industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist comprises a console, oil supply means, the oil itself, compressed air supply means, one or more pneumatic ducts of the oil mist, by means of an air flow, a plurality of condensation and application devices on the demand point, collection collectors and one or more return ducts to the console, said console comprising one or more oil mist heads, with drops of diameter less than 5 micrometers, susceptible if transported by an air flow, oil and air co-injecting the fogging head or heads, which comprise at least
- una cámara presurizada de aceite y una cámara presurizada de aire,  - a pressurized oil chamber and a pressurized air chamber,
- comunicadas entre sí por uno o varios orificios de descarga, siendo tal el caudal de aceite, que atraviesa dichos orificios de descarga que, el producto de su velocidad, a la salida de la cámara presurizada de aceite, por su densidad y por la apertura, dividido entre la viscosidad del aceite, resulta en un número adimensional de - communicated with each other by one or several discharge orifices, the oil flow being such that it crosses said discharge orifices that, the product of its speed, at the exit of the pressurized oil chamber, by its density and by the opening , divided by the viscosity of the oil, results in a dimensionless number of
Reynolds (Re) menor de 20, Reynolds (Re) under 20,
- disponiendo la cámara presurizada de aire de uno o varios orificios de salida, en posición coincidente con los antedichos orificios de descarga. Los medios de suministro de aceite presurizado y los medios de suministro de aire comprimido pueden ser cualquiera de los tipos conocidos y utilizados habitualmente, tanto en forma de depósitos presurizados como mediante bombas eléctricas o neumáticas.  - the pressurized air chamber having one or more outlet openings, in a position coinciding with the aforementioned discharge openings. The pressurized oil supply means and the compressed air supply means can be any of the known and commonly used types, both in the form of pressurized tanks and by electric or pneumatic pumps.
El sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite, permite la nebulización de aceites de alta viscosidad, asimismo se optimiza el consumo de aceite, minimizando la cantidad en recirculación del mismo, resaltando la estanqueidad del sistema. The industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist, allows the mist of high viscosity oils, also optimizes oil consumption, minimizing the amount of recirculation of the same, highlighting the tightness of the system.
El sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite genera aire presurizado sin necesidad de bombas de impulsión, lo que reduce el mantenimiento y averías de la instalación, con el consiguiente ahorro económico. The industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist generates pressurized air without the need of impulse pumps, which reduces the maintenance and breakdowns of the installation, with the consequent economic savings.
La apertura de los orificios de descarga y de los orificios de salida del cabezal de nebulización de aceite por microinyección, y la separación entre ellos, están comprendidas entre 0.01 y 5 milímetros. En una realización alternativa la apertura de los orificios de descarga y de los orificios de salida del cabezal de nebulización de aceite por microinyección, y la separación entre ellos, están comprendidas entre 0.1 y 1 milímetros. Los aceites empleados tienen una viscosidad comprendida entre 5 y 5000 mm2/s. a la temperatura de operación, y una tensión superficial comprendida entre 0.001 y 1 N/m en condiciones estándar. The opening of the discharge orifices and the exit holes of the micro-injection oil mist head, and the separation between them, are between 0.01 and 5 millimeters. In an alternative embodiment, the opening of the discharge orifices and the exit holes of the micro-injection oil mist head, and the separation between them, are comprised between 0.1 and 1 millimeters. The oils used have a viscosity between 5 and 5000 mm 2 / s. at the operating temperature, and a surface tension between 0.001 and 1 N / m under standard conditions.
En una realización alternativa los aceites empleados tienen una viscosidad comprendida entre 20 y 500 mm2/s. In an alternative embodiment the oils used have a viscosity between 20 and 500 mm 2 / s.
La temperatura de operación estará preferentemente entre 20eC y 50eC. The operating temperature will preferably be between 20 e C and 50 e C.
El flujo másico de aire empleado en las conducciones neumáticas de la niebla de aceite está comprendido entre 1 y 500 veces el flujo másico de aceite en la niebla. The mass flow of air used in the pneumatic lines of the oil mist is between 1 and 500 times the mass flow of oil in the mist.
En una realización alternativa el flujo másico de aire empleado en las conducciones neumáticas de la niebla de aceite está comprendido entre 24 y 300 veces el flujo másico de aceite en la niebla. In an alternative embodiment the mass flow of air used in the pneumatic lines of the oil mist is between 24 and 300 times the mass flow of oil in the mist.
El diámetro de las conducciones neumáticas de la niebla de aceite es tal que la velocidad de transporte dividida por la raíz cuadrada del producto de la gravedad por el diámetro de la conducción neumática de transporte resulta en un número adimensional de Froude (Fr) mayor que 0.5. The diameter of the pneumatic lines of the oil mist is such that the transport speed divided by the square root of the product of gravity by the diameter of the pneumatic transport line results in a dimensionless number of Froude (Fr) greater than 0.5 .
Está previsto que, de forma alternativa y complementaria, el sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite, disponga asimismo de medios de regulación y control de su temperatura de trabajo independientemente de la temperatura ambiente, de tal forma que se pueda predecir y controlar perfectamente el comportamiento de los flujos de aire y de aceite independientemente de la temperatura ambiental. Estos medios de regulación y control de su temperatura de trabajo independientemente de la temperatura ambiente pueden ir instalados en la cámara presurizada de aceite, en la cámara presurizada de aire de cada cabezal de nebulización de aceite por microinyección, en el conjunto del cabezal de nebulización de aceite por microinyección, en la consola, en los medios de suministro de aceite presurizado o en los medios de suministro de aire comprimido. En el desarrollo de esta invención se han realizado ensayos experimentales en una instalación de prueba, y simulaciones numéricas de fluidodinámica computacional, experimentado con diferentes geometrías y medidas del cabezal de nebulización operando con diferentes aceites de lubricación a distintas condiciones de operación. Así, se ha trabajado con aceites de lubricación de la gama ISO VG, operando a temperaturas comprendidas entre 20eC y 50eC y presiones, tanto de aire como de aceite, en el rango de 0 a 4 bar. En los ensayos se ha medido la presión, la temperatura y el caudal de ambos fluidos de operación, así como la masa de aceite recogida en los puntos de lubricación. Estos datos permiten caracterizar el punto de operación y el rendimiento de la instalación, definido como el ratio de aceite recogido en los puntos de lubricación respecto al aceite introducido en el cabezal de nebulización. Éste es por tanto un rendimiento global, que incluye el rendimiento de generación de niebla de aceite, el rendimiento del transporte de la niebla a los puntos de lubricación y el rendimiento de recondensación de la niebla. It is envisaged that, in an alternative and complementary way, the industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist, also has means of regulation and control of its working temperature regardless of the ambient temperature, so that it can be predicted and perfectly controlled the behavior of air and oil flows regardless of the ambient temperature. These means for regulating and controlling their working temperature regardless of the ambient temperature can be installed in the pressurized oil chamber, in the pressurized air chamber of each micro-injection oil mist head, in the whole of the mist head oil by microinjection, in the console, in the pressurized oil supply means or in the compressed air supply means. In the development of this invention, experimental tests have been carried out in a test facility, and numerical simulations of computational fluid dynamics, experimented with different geometries and measurements of the fogging head operating with different lubrication oils at different operating conditions. Thus, it has worked with lubrication oils of the ISO VG range, operating at temperatures between 20 e C and 50 e C and pressures, both air and oil, in the range of 0 to 4 bar. In the tests the pressure, temperature and flow rate of both operating fluids have been measured, as well as the mass of oil collected at the lubrication points. These data allow characterizing the operating point and the performance of the installation, defined as the ratio of oil collected at the lubrication points with respect to the oil introduced in the fogging head. This is therefore an overall performance, which includes the oil mist generation performance, the fog transport performance to the lubrication points and the fog recondensation performance.
Los ensayos experimentales se han complementado con ensayos de simulación numérica, en los que el dominio en estudio se ha restringido al cabezal de nebulización, Las simulaciones numéricas permiten estudiar el patrón del flujo de ambos fluidos dentro del cabezal de nebulización y definir las condiciones de operación en las que aparece el patrón de flujo de interés, y que denominamos oil misting. El oil misting, a diferencia del flow focusing y del flow blurring, es un patrón de flujo concreto que permite generar la niebla de aceite con las relaciones de aceite y aire deseadas, i.e. ratio másico de aire a niebla comprendido entre 24 y 300. The experimental tests have been complemented with numerical simulation tests, in which the domain under study has been restricted to the fogging head. The numerical simulations allow to study the flow pattern of both fluids within the fogging head and define the operating conditions in which the flow of interest pattern appears, and what we call oil misting. Oil misting, unlike flow focusing and flow blurring, is a concrete flow pattern that allows oil mist to be generated with the desired oil and air ratios, i.e. Mass air to fog ratio between 24 and 300.
Se han realizado simulaciones 3D de flujo multifásico compresible, utilizando las herramientas de pre-proceso, cálculo numérico (Método de Volúmenes Finitos) y postproceso que ofrece ANSYS-Workbench. Dichas simulaciones reproducen las condiciones de operación ensayadas experimentalmente, i.e. se ha simulado el flujo fluido en diferentes cabezales de nebulización trabajado con aceites de lubricación de la gama ISO VG, operando a temperaturas comprendidas entre 20 y 50 eC y presiones, tanto de aire como de aceite, en el rango de 0 a 4 bar. El procedimiento de lubricación mediante un sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite comprende las fases siguientes: 3D simulations of compressible multiphase flow have been performed, using the pre-process tools, numerical calculation (Finite Volume Method) and postprocessing offered by ANSYS-Workbench. These simulations reproduced the operating conditions tested experimentally, ie have simulated the fluid flow in different heads nebulization worked with lubrication oil ISO VG range, operating at temperatures between 20 and 50 and C and pressures of both air and of oil, in the range of 0 to 4 bar. The lubrication process by means of an industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist comprises the following phases:
- una fase de generación de niebla de aceite, con gotas de aceite con diámetro menor a 5 micrómetros, realizada en uno o varios cabezales de nebulización de aceite por microinyección a través de al menos una cámara presurizada de aceite y una cámara presurizada de aire comunicadas entre sí por uno o varios orificios de descarga, de manera que, el caudal de aceite, que atraviesa los orificios de descarga es tal, que el producto de su velocidad, a la salida de la cámara presurizada de aceite, por su densidad y por la apertura, dividido, entre la viscosidad del aceite, resulta en un número adimensional de Reynolds (Re) menor de 20, disponiendo la cámara presurizada de aire de uno o varios orificios de salida, en posición coincidente con los antedichos orificios de descarga, - una fase de distribución neumática de la niebla de aceite a los puntos de demanda, - a phase of oil mist generation, with oil droplets with a diameter of less than 5 micrometers, carried out in one or more micro-injection oil nebulization heads through at least one pressurized oil chamber and a pressurized pressurized air chamber each other by one or several discharge holes, so that the oil flow through the discharge holes is such that the product of its speed, at the exit of the pressurized oil chamber, by its density and by the opening, divided, between the viscosity of the oil, results in a dimensionless Reynolds number (Re) of less than 20, with the pressurized air chamber having one or more outlet openings, in a position coinciding with the above-mentioned discharge holes, - a pneumatic distribution phase of the oil mist to the demand points,
- una fase de condensación de la niebla de aceite en los dispositivos de condensación y aplicación sobre el punto de demanda de cada máquina, donde la niebla de aceite se recondensa y se aplica en los elementos a lubricar, una fase de recolección del aceite, tanto del que no ha alcanzado los elementos a lubricar como del que ya ha sido usado en los puntos de lubricación, mediante unos colectores de recogida y de transporte, a través de conductos de retorno, hasta la consola para su reutilización, bien directamente a los medios de suministro de aceite presurizado, bien a un depósito intermedio. - a phase of condensation of the oil mist in the condensation devices and application on the point of demand of each machine, where the oil mist is re-condensed and applied to the elements to be lubricated, a phase of oil collection, both of which it has not reached the elements to be lubricated as of the one that has already been used in the lubrication points, by means of collection and transport manifolds, through return ducts, to the console for reuse, either directly to the means Pressurized oil supply, either to an intermediate tank.
Ventajas de la invención Advantages of the invention
Este sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite que se presenta aporta múltiples ventajas sobre los sistemas disponibles en la actualidad siendo la más importante que consigue una notable reducción del volumen de aire requerido que puede ser de un 75%, o superior, frente a sistemas convencionales basados en efecto Venturi o Vortex. Esta reducción es consecuencia de una generación de niebla óptima, buscando el equilibrio entre el consumo mínimo de aire, que permite la máxima eficiencia energética, y la generación de altos caudales de niebla. Esto se consigue mediante la coinyección de aire y aceite operando con patrón de flujo tipo oil misting. El ahorro energético, derivado de la reducción del consumo de aire, supone una disminución del coste de operación y disminuye el impacto en el medio ambiente. Asimismo debemos destacar que esta invención permite la nebulización de aceites de alta viscosidad. This industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist presented provides multiple advantages over the systems currently available being the most important that achieves a significant reduction in the volume of air required that can be 75%, or higher, compared to Conventional systems based on Venturi or Vortex effect. This reduction is a consequence of an optimal fog generation, seeking the balance between the minimum air consumption, which allows maximum energy efficiency, and the generation of high fog flows. This is achieved by co-injection of air and oil operating with an oil misting flow pattern. The energy saving, derived from the reduction of air consumption, means a decrease in the operating cost and decreases the impact on the environment. We must also emphasize that this invention allows the nebulization of oils of high viscosity.
Es importante destacar asimismo la ventaja que supone la optimización del consumo de aceite, minimizando la cantidad de aceite a recircular en la generación y transporte. It is also important to highlight the advantage of optimizing oil consumption, minimizing the amount of oil to be recirculated in generation and transportation.
Otra ventaja a resaltar es la utilización de un sistema de impulsión mediante aire presurizado sin necesidad de bombas de impulsión, en su caso, frecuente fuente de problemas, lo que redunda en una necesidad de menor mantenimiento y reducción de averías de la instalación, con el consiguiente ahorro económico. Another advantage to highlight is the use of a pressurized air delivery system without the need for drive pumps, where appropriate, a frequent source of problems, which results in a need for less maintenance and reduction of the installation's faults, with the consequent economic savings.
También debemos resaltar la estanqueidad del sistema, gracias a los circuitos de recogida de aceite, tanto del que no ha alcanzado los elementos a lubricar como del que ya ha sido usado en los puntos de lubricación, que garantiza la minimización de fugas de aceite y aire, con la consecuente minimización del impacto medioambiental. We must also highlight the tightness of the system, thanks to the oil collection circuits, both of which has not reached the elements to be lubricated and of which has already been used in the lubrication points, which guarantees the minimization of oil and air leaks , with the consequent minimization of environmental impact.
Otro aspecto importante es la existencia de sistemas de control del proceso de nebulización, para operar con seguridad, y de la instalación de lubricado, para garantizar la llegada de niebla. Es también resaltable la existencia de medios de regulación y control de su temperatura de trabajo, de tal forma que se pueda predecir y controlar perfectamente el comportamiento de los flujos de aire y de aceite independientemente de la temperatura ambiente. Another important aspect is the existence of fogging process control systems, to operate safely, and the lubrication installation, to guarantee the arrival of fog. The existence of means of regulation and control of its working temperature is also remarkable, so that the behavior of air and oil flows can be predicted and controlled independently of the ambient temperature.
Por último resaltar que este sistema de lubricación es el único que es completamente adaptable a altos caudales de niebla y a altas viscosidades de aceite, por lo cual es posible combinarlo con los dispositivos existentes actualmente en el mercado. Finally, it should be noted that this lubrication system is the only one that is fully adaptable to high fog flows and high oil viscosities, so it is possible to combine it with the devices currently on the market.
Descripción de las figuras Para comprender mejor el objeto de la presente invención, en la Figura 1 se ha representado una realización práctica preferencial de un sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite. En dicha Figura 1 se muestra un diagrama de bloques simplificado de la instalación. Description of the figures To better understand the object of the present invention, a preferred practical embodiment of an industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist is shown in Figure 1. A simplified block diagram of the installation is shown in said Figure 1.
La Figura 2 muestra un esquema simplificado del cabezal de microinyección para nebulización. Figure 2 shows a simplified scheme of the microinjection head for nebulization.
La Figura 3 muestra el patrón de flujo oil misting. Figure 3 shows the oil misting flow pattern.
La Figura 4 muestra un gráfico de la curva característica de la instalación. Figure 4 shows a graph of the characteristic curve of the installation.
Realización preferente de la invención La constitución, características y procedimiento del sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite, podrán comprenderse mejor con la siguiente descripción hecha con referencia a un modo preferido de ejecución, mostrado en las figuras adjuntas. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION The constitution, characteristics and method of the industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist can be better understood with the following description made with reference to a preferred mode of execution, shown in the attached figures.
En la figura 1 y 2 se muestra una consola (1 ) dotada de uno o varios cabezales de nebulización de aceite (2) por microinyección, coinyectando aceite (13) y aire (14), capaces de generar una niebla de aceite (15) con gotas de diámetro menor a 5 micrómetros, susceptibles de ser transportadas por un flujo de aire, medios de suministro (3) de aceite (13) presurizado, el propio aceite (13), medios de suministro (4) de aire (14) comprimido, una o varias conducciones neumáticas (5) de la niebla de aceite (15) mediante un flujo de aire, una pluralidad de dispositivos (6) de condensación y aplicación sobre el punto de demanda, unos colectores de recogida (8) y uno o varios conductos de retorno (7) hasta la consola (1 ). Figure 1 and 2 shows a console (1) equipped with one or more oil mist heads (2) by microinjection, co-injecting oil (13) and air (14), capable of generating an oil mist (15) with drops of diameter less than 5 micrometers, capable of being transported by an air flow, means of supply (3) of pressurized oil (13), the oil itself (13), means of supply (4) of air (14) compressed, one or more pneumatic ducts (5) of the oil mist (15) by means of an air flow, a plurality of condensation devices (6) on the demand point, collection collectors (8) and one or several return ducts (7) to the console (1).
Los medios de suministro (3) de aceite (13) presurizado y los medios de suministro (4) de aire (14) comprimido pueden ser cualquiera de los tipos conocidos y utilizados habitualmente, tanto en forma de depósitos presurizados como mediante bombas eléctricas o neumáticas. The means of supply (3) of pressurized oil (13) and the means of supply (4) of compressed air (14) can be any of the types known and commonly used, both in the form of pressurized tanks and by electric or pneumatic pumps .
Está previsto que, de forma alternativa y complementaria, disponga asimismo de medios de regulación y control de su temperatura de trabajo independientemente de la temperatura ambiente, de tal forma que se pueda predecir y controlar perfectamente el comportamiento de los flujos de aire y de aceite independientemente de la temperatura ambiente. Estos medios de regulación y control de su temperatura de trabajo independientemente de la temperatura ambiente pueden ir instalados en la cámara presurizada de aceite (9), la cámara presurizada de aire (10) de cada cabezal de nebulización de aceite (2) por microinyección, en el conjunto del cabezal de nebulización de aceite (2) por microinyección, en la consola (1 ), en los medios de suministro (3) de aceite (13) presurizado o en los medios de suministro (4) de aire (14) comprimido. Cada cabezal de nebulización de aceite (2) por microinyección comprende a su vez al menos una cámara presurizada de aceite (9) y una cámara presurizada de aire (10), comunicadas entre sí por uno o varios orificios de descarga (1 1 ), de manera que, el caudal de aceite, que atraviesa los orificios de descarga (1 1 ) es tal, que el producto de su velocidad, a la salida de la cámara presurizada de aceite (9), por su densidad y por la apertura, dividido, entre la viscosidad del aceite (13), resulta en un número adimensional de Reynolds (Re) menor de 20. La cámara presurizada de aire (10) dispone a su vez de uno o varios orificios de salida (12), en posición coincidente con los antedichos orificios de descarga (1 1 ). La apertura, o diámetro hidráulico, de los orificios de descarga (1 1 ), la apertura de los orificios de salida (12), y la separación entre los orificios de descarga (1 1 ) y los orificios de salida (12) del cabezal de nebulización de aceite (2) por microinyección, está comprendida entre 0.01 y 5 milímetros, preferentemente entre 0.1 y 1 milímetros. Está previsto que las aperturas de los orificios de descarga (1 1 ) y las aperturas de los orificios de salida (12) del cabezal de nebulización de aceite (2) por microinyección puedan ser iguales entre sí o diferentes, aunque dentro de los rangos anteriormente especificados. It is envisaged that, alternatively and in a complementary manner, it also has means for regulating and controlling its working temperature regardless of the temperature ambient, so that the behavior of air and oil flows can be predicted and controlled perfectly regardless of the ambient temperature. These means for regulating and controlling their working temperature regardless of the ambient temperature can be installed in the pressurized oil chamber (9), the pressurized air chamber (10) of each oil mist head (2) by microinjection, in the assembly of the oil spray head (2) by microinjection, in the console (1), in the means of supply (3) of pressurized oil (13) or in the means of supply (4) of air (14) compressed. Each oil nebulization head (2) by microinjection in turn comprises at least one pressurized oil chamber (9) and a pressurized air chamber (10), communicated with each other by one or more discharge holes (1 1), so that the flow of oil, which passes through the discharge holes (1 1) is such that the product of its speed, at the exit of the pressurized oil chamber (9), by its density and by the opening, divided, between the viscosity of the oil (13), results in a dimensionless number of Reynolds (Re) less than 20. The pressurized air chamber (10) in turn has one or more outlet holes (12), in position coinciding with the above discharge holes (1 1). The opening, or hydraulic diameter, of the discharge holes (1 1), the opening of the outlet holes (12), and the separation between the discharge holes (1 1) and the outlet holes (12) of the head oil mist (2) by microinjection, is between 0.01 and 5 millimeters, preferably between 0.1 and 1 millimeters. It is envisaged that the openings of the discharge orifices (1 1) and the openings of the outlet orifices (12) of the oil mist head (2) by microinjection may be equal to each other or different, although within the ranges previously specified.
Este cabezal de nebulización de aceite (2) por microinyección permite generar gotas de aceite con diámetro menor a 5 micrómetros, capaces de permanecer en suspensión en el aire y ser transportadas de forma neumática mediante un flujo de aire a los puntos de lubricación. El flujo másico de aire empleado en las conducciones neumáticas (5) para el transporte de la niebla de aceite está comprendido entre 1 y 500 veces el flujo másico de aceite en la niebla, preferentemente entre 24 y 300 veces. El diámetro de las conducciones neumáticas (5) de la niebla de aceite (15) es tal que la velocidad de transporte dividida por la raíz cuadrada del producto de la gravedad por el diámetro de la conducción neumática (5) de transporte resulta en un número de Froude (Fr) mayor que 0.5. El número de Froude (Fr) es un número adimensional que relaciona el efecto de las fuerzas de inercia y la fuerza de gravedad que actúan sobre un fluido. This oil spray head (2) by microinjection allows the generation of oil droplets with a diameter of less than 5 micrometers, capable of remaining suspended in the air and being transported pneumatically by means of an air flow to the lubrication points. The mass flow of air used in the pneumatic lines (5) for the transport of the oil mist is between 1 and 500 times the mass flow of oil in the mist, preferably between 24 and 300 times. The diameter of the pneumatic lines (5) of the oil mist (15) is such that the transport speed divided by the square root of the gravity product by the diameter of the pneumatic transport line (5) results in a number Froude (Fr) greater than 0.5. The Froude number (Fr) is a dimensionless number that relates the effect of the forces of inertia and the force of gravity acting on a fluid.
Los aceites nebulizados y empleados para lubricación industrial según esta invención tienen una viscosidad comprendida entre 5 y 5000 mm2/s a la temperatura de operación, preferentemente entre 20 y 500 mm2/s, y una tensión superficial comprendida entre 0.001 y 1 N/m en condiciones estándar. La temperatura de operación estará preferentemente comprendida entre 20eC y 50eC. The nebulized oils used for industrial lubrication according to this invention have a viscosity between 5 and 5000 mm 2 / s at the operating temperature, preferably between 20 and 500 mm 2 / s, and a surface tension between 0.001 and 1 N / m in standard conditions. The operating temperature will preferably be between 20 e C and 50 e C.
En la Figura 3 podemos observar el patrón de flujo oil misting gracias al cual el aceite (13) de lubricación, fluido altamente viscoso, se fragmenta en gotas suficientemente pequeñas como para ser transportadas en forma de niebla de aceite (15), con diámetro de gota comprendido entre 1 y 5 micrómetros. In Figure 3 we can see the pattern of oil misting flow thanks to which the lubricating oil (13), highly viscous fluid, is fragmented into drops small enough to be transported in the form of an oil mist (15), with a diameter of drop between 1 and 5 micrometers.
Como se observa en dicha Figura 3, en el flujo oil misting el aceite forma un micro-chorro al atravesar los orificios de descarga (1 1 ) de la cámara presurizada de aceite (9). El estrechamiento de este chorro se debe a la formación de una zona de recirculación de aire en el interior de dichos orificios, que reduce su área efectiva pero no la obstruye completamente, y por tanto no bloquea el flujo de aceite (13). As seen in said Figure 3, in the oil misting flow the oil forms a micro-jet as it passes through the discharge holes (1 1) of the pressurized oil chamber (9). The narrowing of this jet is due to the formation of an air recirculation zone inside said holes, which reduces its effective area but does not completely obstruct it, and therefore does not block the flow of oil (13).
El micro-chorro o jet abandona el cabezal de nebulización de aceite (2) por microinyección arrastrado por el aire (14) comprimido de la cámara presurizada de aire (10) a través de los orificios de salida (12), que lo desestabiliza y lo descompone en pequeñas gotas que forman la niebla de aceite (15). The micro-jet or jet leaves the oil mist head (2) by compressed air-drawn microinjection (14) of the pressurized air chamber (10) through the outlet orifices (12), which destabilizes it and It breaks it down into small drops that form the oil mist (15).
En la Figura 4 se muestra la curva característica de la operación de la instalación de lubricación con niebla de aceite (15) según la invención preconizada. El eje de ordenadas (16) de la gráfica representa el ratio del flujo másico de aire entre flujo másico de niebla efectiva (condensada en los puntos de lubricación). El eje de abscisas (17) representa el número adimensional de Reynolds (Re0¡i) del aceite en los orificios de descarga (1 1 ) de la cámara presurizada de aceite (9). Los datos representados por marcadores (sin línea) representan resultados del estudio numérico corregidos con el valor del rendimiento experimental. Adicionalmente, a modo de referencia, en la figura se indican los siguientes ratios de aire a niebla: Figure 4 shows the characteristic curve of the operation of the oil mist lubrication installation (15) according to the recommended invention. The ordinate axis (16) of the graph represents the ratio of the mass air flow between mass fog flow effective (condensed at the lubrication points). The horizontal axis (17) represents the dimensionless Reynolds number (Re 0 i) of the oil discharge ports (1 : 1) of the oil pressure chamber (9). The data represented by markers (without line) represent numerical study results corrected with the experimental performance value. Additionally, by way of reference, the following air-to-fog ratios are indicated in the figure:
• Safety (20): ratio mínimo requerido por razones de seguridad (24:1 ) en los sistemas de lubricación por niebla de aceite.  • Safety (20): minimum ratio required for safety reasons (24: 1) in oil mist lubrication systems.
• Venturi (18): ratio del estado del arte de la tecnología Venturi para la generación de niebla de aceite.  • Venturi (18): ratio of the state of the art of Venturi technology for oil mist generation.
• Vortex (19): ratio del estado del arte de la tecnología Vortex para la generación de niebla de aceite. • Vortex (19): state of the art ratio of Vortex technology for oil mist generation.
• La operación en régimen oil misting (21 ) obtenida se resalta con la zona acotada.  • The operation in the oil misting regime (21) obtained is highlighted with the bounded area.
En la Figura 4, a modo de ejemplo, se muestra una gráfica de ensayos experimentales en una instalación de prueba, y simulaciones numéricas de fluidodinámica computacional, que han permitido obtener los datos mostrados, se representa con línea continua una curva de operación (22) de la instalación, que resulta de variar el caudal de aceite (13) manteniendo el resto de las variables constantes (geometría de cabezal de nebulización, tipo de aceite (13), presión de aire (14), temperatura). Para la instalación representada por esta línea, el ratio aire (14) a niebla de aceite (15) aumenta por encima del de las tecnologías del estado del arte, Vortex (19) y Venturi (18), cuando Re0¡i < 1 y Re0¡i > 8. Para Re0¡i > 8 no se aprecia flujo oil misting y la sección de los chorros de aceite (13) que salen del cabezal de nebulización no se ven aminoradas, dando lugar a chorros más gruesos que se descomponen en gotas de mayor tamaño que no permanecen en suspensión, disminuyendo el rendimiento de la generación de niebla y aumentando, por tanto, el ratio aire (14) a niebla de aceite (15). In Figure 4, by way of example, a graph of experimental tests in a test facility is shown, and numerical simulations of computational dynamics, which have allowed to obtain the data shown, an operation curve is represented with a continuous line (22) of the installation, which results from varying the oil flow (13) keeping the rest of the variables constant (spray head geometry, type of oil (13), air pressure (14), temperature). For the installation represented by this line, the ratio of air (14) to oil mist (15) increases above that of state-of-the-art technologies, Vortex (19) and Venturi (18), when Re 0 ¡i <1 and Re 0 ¡i> 8. For Re 0 ¡i> 8 no oil misting flow is visible and the section of the oil jets (13) that leave the fogging head are not diminished, giving rise to thicker jets that they decompose into larger droplets that do not remain in suspension, decreasing the fog generation performance and thus increasing the air (14) to oil mist ratio (15).
En el rango 1 < Re0¡i < 8 aparece el patrón de flujo oil misting para el cual encontramos el punto óptimo de operación, i.e. rendimientos de generación de niebla de aceite (15) máximos que minimizan el ratio de aire (14) a niebla de aceite (15). Finalmente, para Re0¡i < 1 , el ratio aire a niebla de aceite (15) vuelve a ser alto debido al bajo caudal de aceite (13). Esta invención se caracteriza además por un procedimiento específico de lubricación que comprende: In the range 1 <Re 0 ¡i <8, the oil misting flow pattern appears for which we find the optimum operating point, ie maximum oil mist generation performances (15) that minimize the air ratio (14) to oil mist (15). Finally, for Re 0 i <1, the air ratio oil mist (15) is again high due to low oil flow (13). This invention is further characterized by a specific lubrication process comprising:
- una fase de generación de niebla de aceite (15), con gotas de aceite con diámetro menor a 5 micrómetros, realizada en uno o varios cabezales de nebulización de aceite (2) por microinyección a través de al menos una cámara presurizada de aceite (9) y una cámara presurizada de aire (10) comunicadas entre sí por uno o varios orificios de descarga (1 1 ), de manera que, el caudal de aceite (13), que atraviesa los orificios de descarga (1 1 ) es tal, que el producto de su velocidad, a la salida de la cámara presurizada de aceite (9), por su densidad y por la apertura, dividido, entre la viscosidad del aceite (13), resulta en un número adimensional de Reynolds (Re) menor de 20, disponiendo la cámara presurizada de aire (10) de uno o varios orificios de salida (12), en posición coincidente con los antedichos orificios de descarga (1 1 ),  - a phase of oil mist generation (15), with oil droplets with a diameter less than 5 micrometers, carried out in one or more oil mist heads (2) by microinjection through at least one pressurized oil chamber ( 9) and a pressurized air chamber (10) communicated with each other by one or several discharge orifices (1 1), so that the oil flow (13), which passes through the discharge orifices (1 1) is such , that the product of its speed, at the exit of the pressurized oil chamber (9), by its density and by the opening, divided, by the viscosity of the oil (13), results in a dimensionless number of Reynolds (Re) less than 20, with the pressurized air chamber (10) having one or more outlet openings (12), in a position coinciding with the aforementioned discharge openings (1 1),
- una fase de distribución neumática de la niebla de aceite (15) a los puntos de demanda,  - a pneumatic distribution phase of the oil mist (15) to the demand points,
- una fase de condensación de la niebla de aceite (15) en los dispositivos (6) de condensación y aplicación sobre el punto de demanda de cada máquina, donde la niebla de aceite (15) se recondensa y se aplica en los elementos a lubricar,  - a phase of condensation of the oil mist (15) in the condensation devices (6) and application on the demand point of each machine, where the oil mist (15) is condensed and applied to the elements to be lubricated ,
- una fase de recolección del aceite (13) tanto del que no ha alcanzado los elementos a lubricar como del que ya ha sido usado en los puntos de lubricación, mediante unos colectores de recogida (8) y de transporte, a través de conductos de retorno (7), hasta la consola (1 ) para su reutilización, bien directamente a los medios de suministro (3) de aceite (13) presurizado, bien a un depósito intermedio.  - an oil collection phase (13) both of which has not reached the elements to be lubricated and of which has already been used at the lubrication points, by means of collection collectors (8) and transport, through conduits of return (7), to the console (1) for reuse, either directly to the means of supply (3) of pressurized oil (13), or to an intermediate tank.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 - Sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite que comprende una consola (1 ), medios de suministro (3) de aceite (13), el propio aceite (13), medios de suministro (4) de aire (14) comprimido, una o varias conducciones neumáticas (5) de la niebla de aceite (15) mediante un flujo de aire, una pluralidad de dispositivos (6) de condensación y aplicación sobre el punto de demanda, unos colectores de recogida (8) y uno o varios conductos de retorno (7) hasta la consola (1 ), comprendiendo ésta uno o varios cabezales de nebulización de aceite (2) con gotas de diámetro menor a 5 micrómetros, susceptibles de ser transportadas por un flujo de aire, caracterizado porque el o los cabezales de nebulización de aceite (2) son cabezales de microinyección que coinyectan aceite (13) y aire (14), que comprenden al menos 1 - Industrial oil mist distributed lubrication system comprising a console (1), means of supply (3) of oil (13), the oil itself (13), means of supply (4) of compressed air (14) , one or more pneumatic ducts (5) of the oil mist (15) by means of an air flow, a plurality of condensation and application devices (6) on the demand point, collection collectors (8) and one or several return ducts (7) to the console (1), this comprising one or more oil mist heads (2) with droplets smaller than 5 micrometers in diameter, capable of being transported by an air flow, characterized in that the o The oil mist heads (2) are microinjection heads that co-inject oil (13) and air (14), which comprise at least
- una cámara presurizada de aceite (9) y una cámara presurizada de aire (10), - comunicadas entre sí por uno o varios orificios de descarga (1 1 ), siendo tal el caudal de aceite (13), que atraviesa dichos orificios de descarga (1 1 ) que el producto de su velocidad, a la salida de la cámara presurizada de aceite (9), por su densidad y por la apertura, dividido entre la viscosidad del aceite (13), resulta en un número adimensional de Reynolds (Re) menor de 20,  - a pressurized oil chamber (9) and a pressurized air chamber (10), - communicated with each other by one or several discharge orifices (1 1), the oil flow (13) being such that it passes through said orifices discharge (1 1) that the product of its speed, at the exit of the pressurized oil chamber (9), by its density and by the opening, divided by the viscosity of the oil (13), results in a dimensionless Reynolds number (Re) under 20,
- disponiendo la cámara presurizada de aire (10) de uno o varios orificios de salida (12), en posición coincidente con los antedichos orificios de descarga (1 1 ).  - the pressurized air chamber (10) having one or more outlet openings (12), in position coinciding with the above discharge openings (1 1).
2 - Sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que la apertura de los orificios de descarga (1 1 ) y de los orificios de salida (12) del cabezal de nebulización de aceite (2) por microinyección, y la separación entre ellos, están comprendidas entre 0.01 y 5 milímetros. 2 - Industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist, according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening of the discharge holes (1 1) and the outlet holes (12) of the oil mist head (2) by microinjection, and the separation between them, are between 0.01 and 5 millimeters.
3 - Sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que la apertura de los orificios de descarga (1 1 ) y de los orificios de salida (12) del cabezal de nebulización de aceite (2) por microinyección, y la separación entre ellos, están comprendidas entre 0.1 y 1 milímetros. 3 - Industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist, according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening of the discharge holes (1 1) and the outlet holes (12) of the oil mist head (2) by microinjection, and the separation between them, are between 0.1 and 1 millimeters.
4 - Sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que los aceites (13) empleados tienen una viscosidad comprendida entre 5 y 5000 mm2/s a la temperatura de operación, y una tensión superficial comprendida entre 0.001 y 1 N/m en condiciones estándar. 4 - Industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist, according to claim 1, characterized in that the oils (13) used have a viscosity comprised between 5 and 5000 mm 2 / s at the operating temperature, and a surface tension between 0.001 and 1 N / m under standard conditions.
5 - Sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que los aceites (13) empleados tienen una viscosidad comprendida entre 20 y 500 mm2/s. 5 - Industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist, according to claim 1, characterized in that the oils (13) used have a viscosity between 20 and 500 mm 2 / s.
6 - Sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que el flujo másico de aire empleado en las conducciones neumáticas (5) de la niebla de aceite está comprendido entre 1 y 500 veces el flujo másico de aceite en la niebla. 6 - Industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist, according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass air flow used in the pneumatic ducts (5) of the oil mist is between 1 and 500 times the mass oil flow In the fog.
7 - Sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que el flujo másico de aire empleado en las conducciones neumáticas (5) de la niebla de aceite (15) está comprendido entre 24 y 300 veces el flujo másico de aceite en la niebla. 7 - Industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist, according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass air flow used in the pneumatic ducts (5) of the oil mist (15) is between 24 and 300 times the flow Mass oil in the fog.
8 - Sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que el diámetro de las conducciones neumáticas (5) de la niebla de aceite (15) es tal que la velocidad de transporte dividida por la raíz cuadrada del producto de la gravedad por el diámetro de la conducción neumática (5) de transporte resulta en un número adimensional de Froude (Fr) mayor que 0.5. 8 - Industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist, according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the pneumatic pipes (5) of the oil mist (15) is such that the transport speed divided by the square root of the Product of gravity by the diameter of the pneumatic conduction (5) of transport results in a dimensionless number of Froude (Fr) greater than 0.5.
9 - Procedimiento de lubricación mediante un sistema de lubricación industrial distribuido por niebla de aceite según las anteriores reivindicaciones, caracterizado por que comprende: 9 - Lubrication process by means of an industrial lubrication system distributed by oil mist according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises:
- una fase de generación de niebla de aceite (15), con gotas de aceite con diámetro menor a 5 micrómetros, realizada en uno o varios cabezales de nebulización de aceite (2) por microinyección a través de al menos una cámara presurizada de aceite (9) y una cámara presurizada de aire (10) comunicadas entre sí por uno o varios orificios de descarga (1 1 ), de manera que, el caudal de aceite (13), que atraviesa los orificios de descarga (1 1 ) es tal, que el producto de su velocidad, a la salida de la cámara presurizada de aceite (9), por su densidad y por la apertura, dividido, entre la viscosidad del aceite (13), resulta en un número adimensional de Reynolds (Re) menor de 20, disponiendo la cámara presurizada de aire (10) de uno o varios orificios de salida (12), en posición coincidente con los antedichos orificios de descarga (1 1 ), - a phase of oil mist generation (15), with oil droplets with a diameter less than 5 micrometers, carried out in one or more oil mist heads (2) by microinjection through at least one pressurized oil chamber ( 9) and a pressurized air chamber (10) communicated with each other by one or several discharge orifices (1 1), so that the oil flow (13), which passes through the discharge orifices (1 1) is such , that the product of its speed, at the exit of the pressurized oil chamber (9), by its density and by the opening, divided, by the viscosity of the oil (13), results in a dimensionless number of Reynolds (Re) less than 20, having the pressurized air chamber (10) of one or several outlet holes (12), in position coinciding with the above discharge holes (1 1),
una fase de distribución neumática de la niebla de aceite (15) a los puntos de demanda, a pneumatic distribution phase of the oil mist (15) to the demand points,
una fase de condensación de la niebla de aceite (15) en los dispositivos (6) de condensación y aplicación sobre el punto de demanda de cada máquina, donde la niebla de aceite (15) se recondensa y se aplica en los elementos a lubricar, una fase de recolección del aceite (13) tanto del que no ha alcanzado los elementos a lubricar como del que ya ha sido usado en los puntos de lubricación, mediante unos colectores de recogida (8) y de transporte, a través de conductos de retorno (7), hasta la consola (1 ) para su reutilización, bien directamente a los medios de suministro (3) de aceite (13) presurizado, bien a un depósito intermedio. a condensation phase of the oil mist (15) in the condensation and application devices (6) on the demand point of each machine, where the oil mist (15) is recondensed and applied to the elements to be lubricated, an oil collection phase (13) both of which it has not reached the elements to be lubricated and of which it has already been used in the lubrication points, by means of collection collectors (8) and transport, through return ducts (7), to the console (1) for reuse, either directly to the means of supply (3) of pressurized oil (13), or to an intermediate tank.
PCT/ES2015/070668 2014-09-17 2015-09-15 Industrial lubrication system distributed via oil mist WO2016042189A1 (en)

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Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0244204A1 (en) * 1986-04-28 1987-11-04 Western Packaging Systems Limited Low pressure atomization nozzle
EP0614038A1 (en) * 1993-01-29 1994-09-07 Lubrication Systems Company Of Texas, Inc. Improved lubricating system
US5456415A (en) * 1994-04-07 1995-10-10 Gardner; James J. Atomizing nozzle for liquids
WO1999030832A1 (en) * 1997-12-17 1999-06-24 Universidad De Sevilla Stabilized capillary microjet and devices and methods for producing same
WO2001072431A1 (en) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-04 Nisco Engineering Ag Method and device for producing drops of equal size
WO2011116893A1 (en) * 2010-03-23 2011-09-29 Technische Universität Dortmund Two-component internal mixing nozzle arrangement and method for atomizing a liquid
US20120292406A1 (en) * 2008-02-19 2012-11-22 Ganan-Calvo Alfonso M Procedure and Device For The Micro-Mixing Of Fluids Through Reflux Cell

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0244204A1 (en) * 1986-04-28 1987-11-04 Western Packaging Systems Limited Low pressure atomization nozzle
EP0614038A1 (en) * 1993-01-29 1994-09-07 Lubrication Systems Company Of Texas, Inc. Improved lubricating system
US5456415A (en) * 1994-04-07 1995-10-10 Gardner; James J. Atomizing nozzle for liquids
WO1999030832A1 (en) * 1997-12-17 1999-06-24 Universidad De Sevilla Stabilized capillary microjet and devices and methods for producing same
WO2001072431A1 (en) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-04 Nisco Engineering Ag Method and device for producing drops of equal size
US20120292406A1 (en) * 2008-02-19 2012-11-22 Ganan-Calvo Alfonso M Procedure and Device For The Micro-Mixing Of Fluids Through Reflux Cell
WO2011116893A1 (en) * 2010-03-23 2011-09-29 Technische Universität Dortmund Two-component internal mixing nozzle arrangement and method for atomizing a liquid

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