WO2016041239A1 - 一种基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构 - Google Patents

一种基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016041239A1
WO2016041239A1 PCT/CN2014/089853 CN2014089853W WO2016041239A1 WO 2016041239 A1 WO2016041239 A1 WO 2016041239A1 CN 2014089853 W CN2014089853 W CN 2014089853W WO 2016041239 A1 WO2016041239 A1 WO 2016041239A1
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information
sensing
target
unit
sensor
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PCT/CN2014/089853
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈郁虹
袁晓兵
王诗成
梁婷婷
刘华巍
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北京市信息技术研究所
中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所
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Priority to US15/511,802 priority Critical patent/US10368392B2/en
Publication of WO2016041239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016041239A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/50—Context or environment of the image
    • G06V20/52—Surveillance or monitoring of activities, e.g. for recognising suspicious objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/25—Fusion techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/16—Sound input; Sound output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • H04W84/20—Master-slave selection or change arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/001—Acoustic presence detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/22—Transmitting seismic signals to recording or processing apparatus
    • G01V1/223—Radioseismic systems

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of wireless sensor networks, and relates to a wireless sensor network architecture, in particular to a wireless sensor network architecture based on a multifunctional composite sensor.
  • the nodes are generally equipped with a plurality of sensors with functions of acquisition, vibration sensing, sound sensing, acceleration sensing, temperature sensing, direction sensing, light intensity sensing, etc., which are generally deployed in an unattended environment.
  • the task of autonomously completing the designated tasks in the wild is an energy-sensitive, infrastructure-free network.
  • the wireless sensor detection system can sense multimedia information such as audio, video and image with rich information, and can realize the monitoring of mobile target information with fine-grained and accurate information. Widely used in battlefield visual monitoring, environmental monitoring, security monitoring, traffic monitoring, smart home, medical and other fields.
  • the wireless sensor detection system uses different types of sensor nodes in different locations to implement regional monitoring, classification and real-time tracking, and the targets of these single-function nodes are obtained.
  • the information is limited, and the attributes and status of the target cannot be obtained within the node. Only by merging multiple sensor nodes can the target attribute and running status be known.
  • the fusion processing of multiple sensors can only use decision-level fusion. This will result in the loss of a large amount of useful target information at the sensor node, which cannot be compensated for by the intelligent reasoning and decision algorithm for the latter fusion. In particular, this loss of information is fatal in harsh environments. This puts a demand for the multifunctional combination of sensor nodes in the wireless sensor network.
  • the wireless sensor network architecture of the sensor is used to solve the problem that the accuracy of the underlying information fusion of the wireless sensor in the prior art is not high, the robustness and the invulnerability of the wireless sensor network are not high.
  • the present invention provides a wireless sensor network architecture based on a multifunctional composite sensor for monitoring a moving target, including: a plurality of sensing modules, each of which includes a plurality of a sensing node, and a second sensing node, the plurality of first sensing nodes and the second sensing node forming a detection area; wherein the first sensing node is configured to sense the movement After the target enters the detection area, acquiring a target signal of the moving target, preprocessing the target signal, extracting feature information of the moving target, analyzing feature information of the moving target to form primary target information, and The target information is transmitted to the second sensing node, and the second sensing node is configured to perform matching and matching of the primary target information of the moving target transmitted by the plurality of first sensing nodes, and associate the primary The target information is modified to form intermediate target information; a relay transmission module connected to the sensing module is configured to communicate with the second sensing node to receive the Intermediate target information; a control module
  • the first sensing node comprises a vibration sensor, a sound sensor, an image sensor, a first information fusion unit, a first communication unit, and a positioning unit; wherein the vibration sensor comprises a vibration sensing unit and a vibration signal processing a plurality of the sound sensors constituting a multi-element array according to a predetermined rule, the multi-sound array comprising a multi-element sound sensing unit and a multi-element sound signal processing unit; the image sensor including an image sensing unit and an image information processing unit
  • the vibration sensing unit, the multi-sound sensing unit, and the image sensing unit are respectively configured to sense and acquire a vibration signal, a sound signal, and image information of the moving target;
  • the positioning unit is configured to acquire the The absolute orientation information of the preset reference object in the first sensing node;
  • the vibration signal processing unit and the multi-sound signal processing unit are respectively configured to extract the acoustic shock characteristic information of the moving target according to the collected vibration signal and the sound signal Identifying a target category of
  • the first communication unit is configured to transmit the primary target information to the second sensing node.
  • the first sensing node further includes: sensing an environmental climatic condition of the moving target, and acquiring the first sensing node inclination information to determine an operating state of the vibration sensor and the image sensor.
  • An environment information acquiring unit, and an energy sensing unit configured to sense energy loss of the first sensing node; wherein an environmental climatic condition acquired by the environmental information acquiring unit is used to determine an image quality.
  • the second sensor node includes a second communication unit, a second information processing unit, and a second information fusion unit, where the second communication unit is configured to receive a plurality of locations transmitted by the first sensor node
  • the primary information processing unit is configured to aggregate the primary target information, perform target matching and association on the aggregated primary target information, and perform vector state and covariance correction on the associated information
  • the second information fusion unit is configured to perform temporal and spatial fusion of the corrected primary target information to form intermediate target information, and cause the second communication unit to transmit the intermediate target information to the control module;
  • a communication unit and a second communication unit have a function of automatically adjusting the transmission power of the self.
  • the second sensing node further includes a second sensing unit configured to sense an energy loss of the second sensing node; if the energy loss of the second sensing node is sensed to be exhausted At the threshold, the second sensing unit transmits an instruction to re-elect the second sensing node, so that the first sensing node elects a new second sensing node according to a predetermined election rule.
  • a second sensing unit configured to sense an energy loss of the second sensing node; if the energy loss of the second sensing node is sensed to be exhausted At the threshold, the second sensing unit transmits an instruction to re-elect the second sensing node, so that the first sensing node elects a new second sensing node according to a predetermined election rule.
  • control module includes a third communication unit, a third information fusion unit, a third information processing unit, a command control unit, and a storage unit; wherein the third communication unit is configured to receive multiple The intermediate module information transmitted by the sensing module by the relay transmission module; the third information fusion unit is configured to perform data fusion on the received intermediate target information; and the third information processing unit is configured to obtain the fusion
  • the intermediate target information performs situation analysis and situation prediction to obtain advanced target information;
  • command control unit is configured to issue an allegation command to the operator according to the advanced target information; and the storage unit is configured to store the advanced target information.
  • the relay transmission module is further configured to automatically adjust its own transmit power.
  • the multi-function composite sensor-based wireless sensor network architecture further includes an energy-saving management module connected to the plurality of the sensing module and the relay transmission module, where the energy-saving management module is configured to manage multiple devices. And operating modes of the sensing module and the relay transmission module to optimize configuration of an operating state of the first sensing node and the second sensing node, and managing a transmission mode of the relay transmission module.
  • a mesh network structure is adopted between the plurality of first sensing nodes and the second sensing node.
  • the wireless sensor network architecture based on the multifunctional composite sensor of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention integrates a plurality of sensors in a single sensor node, and has various sensing detection means.
  • various types of detection information data level fusion and feature level fusion can be realized, so that the underlying sensor can obtain
  • the primary target information is more accurate, which increases the credibility of the advanced target information in the upper fusion process.
  • the present invention combines the first sensing node and the second sensing node into a Mesh network structure, thereby improving the reliability of communication between nodes in the area, and enabling the target information obtained by the neighboring nodes to effectively participate in the fusion of the current node.
  • the target trajectory is more accurate and has continuity.
  • the “first sensing node” and the “second sensing node” can be switched, which improves the anti-destructive capability of the wireless sensor network, and prolongs the life of the sensor network through energy-saving management and information interaction of the information fusion processing unit in the node. cycle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless sensor network architecture based on a multifunctional composite sensor of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the real structure of a wireless sensor network based on a multifunctional composite sensor of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the principle structure of a sensing module in a wireless sensor network architecture based on a multifunctional composite sensor of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the principle structure of a control module in a wireless sensor network architecture based on a multifunctional composite sensor of the present invention.
  • the embodiment provides a wireless sensor network architecture 1 based on a multifunctional composite sensor for monitoring a moving target 2, which may be a plurality of, for example, a person, a vehicle, etc., in the present implementation.
  • a moving target 2 which may be a plurality of, for example, a person, a vehicle, etc.
  • the wireless sensor network architecture 1 based on the multifunctional composite sensor includes a plurality of sensing systems.
  • the number of the sensing modules 11 is two, and the sensing module 11 includes a plurality of first sensing nodes 111 and a second sensing node 112, and the plurality of first sensing The node 111 and the second sensing node 112 form a detection area 113, which is also referred to as a sensing field.
  • the first sensing node 111 is configured to collect a target signal of the moving target after sensing that the moving target enters the detecting area, pre-process the target signal, and perform feature extraction on the target information to extract Extracting the feature information of the moving target, analyzing the feature information of the moving target to form primary target information, and transmitting the primary target information to the first sensing node 112.
  • the moving target The primary target information formed at the first sensing node is transmitted to the second sensing node 112 every time a first sensing node is passed.
  • the second sensing node 112 is configured to perform matching and association of the primary target information of the moving target transmitted by the plurality of first sensing nodes 111, and correct the associated primary target information to form intermediate target information.
  • the internal structure of the first sensing node 111 and the second sensing node 112 will be specifically described below.
  • the first sensing node 111 includes a plurality of vibration sensors 1111 , an acoustic sensor 1112 , an image sensor 1113 , a positioning unit 1114 , a first information fusion unit 1115 , and
  • the first communication unit 1116 clearly describes the principle structure of the sensing module for simplicity. Only one vibration sensor 1111, the sound sensor 1112, the image sensor 1113, and the positioning unit 1114 are shown in FIG. In this embodiment, when the moving target enters the first detecting area 113, as shown in FIG.
  • the moving track of the moving target is b ⁇ j ⁇ i ⁇ h, where b, c, d, e , f, g, h, i, j denotes a first sensing node 111, a denotes a second sensing node 112, which is also referred to as a cluster head node.
  • b, c, d, e , f, g, h, i, j denotes a first sensing node 111
  • a denotes a second sensing node 112, which is also referred to as a cluster head node.
  • the specific structure of the first sensing node 111 and its functions will be described in detail below.
  • the vibration sensor 1111 includes a vibration sensing unit and a vibration signal processing unit.
  • a plurality of the sound sensors 1112 constitute a multi-element array according to a predetermined rule, and the predetermined rule may be to arrange a plurality of sound sensors into a triangular shape, a circular shape, or the like.
  • the multi-element sound array includes a multi-element sound sensing unit and a multi-element sound signal processing unit.
  • the image sensor includes an image sensing unit and an image information processing unit.
  • the positioning unit 1114 is configured to acquire absolute orientation information of a preset reference object in the first sensing node 111.
  • the positioning unit 1114 includes an electronic compass (compass) and a GPS locator, and the electronic compass is configured to acquire the absolute direction information of the preset reference object stored in the first sensing node 111.
  • the GPS is fixed
  • the bit device is configured to acquire geographic location information of the first sensing node 111.
  • the vibration sensing unit is configured to sense and collect a vibration signal of the moving target 2.
  • the multi-element sensing unit is configured to sense and acquire a sound signal of the moving target 2.
  • the image sensing unit is configured to sense and collect image information of the moving target 2.
  • the vibration signal processing unit and the multi-tone signal processing unit are respectively configured to extract the acoustic shock characteristic information according to the vibration signal and the sound signal collected by the vibration sensing unit and the multi-sound sensing unit, in other words,
  • the shock signal processing unit and the multi-sound signal processing unit extract the acoustic shock characteristic information of the moving target according to the shock signal and the sound signal, identify a target category of the moving target, and acquire the movement according to the multiple sound array a relative direction angle between the target running direction and the preset reference object (a marker in the first sensing node 111), a relative direction angle of the moving target running direction and the preset reference object Determining the absolute direction information of the preset reference object in the first sensing node 111 provided by the electronic
  • the first sensing node 111 further includes an energy sensing unit and an environment information acquiring unit, and the energy sensing unit is configured to sense an energy loss of the first sensing node 111.
  • the environment information acquiring unit is configured to sense an environmental climate condition in which the moving target is located in real time and acquire tilt information of the first sensing node 111 to determine an operating state of the shock sensor and the image sensor.
  • the environmental climatic conditions obtained by the first sensing node 111 according to the environmental information are used to determine image quality.
  • the environmental information acquisition unit includes an acceleration sensor, a temperature and humidity meter, and a light intensity meter.
  • the acceleration sensor can be used to obtain the inclination information after the first sensing node is disposed, and can know whether the vibration sensor, the sound sensor, and the image sensor can work normally, and can simultaneously move the relative movement of the moving target of the multiple sound array.
  • Direction information is corrected.
  • the temperature and humidity meter and the light intensity meter acquire temperature and humidity information and illumination information of the environment in which the first sensor node is located, thereby acquiring image quality of the multi-frame image acquired by the image sensor.
  • the first information fusion unit 1115 respectively connected to the plurality of vibration sensors 1111, the sound sensor 1112, the image sensor 1113, and the positioning unit 1114 is configured to use the vibration signal processing unit and the multiple sound signals.
  • the number processing unit and the image information processing unit analyze and process the acoustic shock characteristic information and the image feature information of the moving target, the target category, the actual running direction, and estimate the running state of the moving target to be merged to form the primary target information.
  • the first information fusion unit 1115 is further configured to calculate a distance between the first sensing node 111 and the second sensing node 112, and according to the first sensing node 111 and the second transmission. The distance of the sense node 112 controls the transmit power of the first communication unit 1116.
  • the first information fusion unit 1115 can perform data level fusion on the original data of the shock sensor 1111 and the sound sensor 1112, and retain more useful acoustic shock characteristic information, and then combine the image feature information of the moving target obtained by the image sensor 1113.
  • the feature level fusion can achieve the goal of fine-classifying the target and improve the accuracy of the information of the single sensor.
  • the first communication unit 1116 connected to the first information fusion unit 1115 is configured to transmit the primary target information generated by the first information fusion unit 1115 to the second sensing node 112.
  • the first communication unit is a wireless communication unit, and the first communication unit 1116 is suitable for short-distance information transmission.
  • the first communication unit 1116 has a function of automatically adjusting its own transmission power.
  • the vehicle is a moving target research object, and it passes through four first sensing nodes 111 of b, j, i, h respectively, when the moving target travels to the detecting area of the first sensing node.
  • the respective primary target information is formed within the range of 113, and the formed primary target information about the vehicle is transmitted to the second sensing node 112.
  • the second sensing node 112 includes a second sensing unit 1121, a second communication unit 1122, a second information processing unit 1123, and a second information fusion unit 1124.
  • the second communication unit 1121 is configured to receive the plurality of first sensing nodes, that is, the primary target information transmitted by the first sensing node 111 of b, j, i, h in the embodiment.
  • the second sensing unit 1121 is configured to sense energy loss of the second sensing node 112. If it is sensed that the energy loss of the second sensing node 112 reaches the depletion threshold, the second sensing unit 1121 transmits an instruction to re-elect the second sensing node to the first sensing node 111,
  • the plurality of first sensing nodes 111 elects a new second sensing node 112 according to a predetermined election rule.
  • the predetermined election rule includes: recommending a new second sensing node by using an election algorithm, or adopting a working manner in which the first sensing node acts as a second sensing node in turn to implement multiple sensing The balance of the node's power.
  • any algorithm having an election and a referral function can be used for the purpose of the present invention.
  • the second information processing unit 1123 connected to the second communication unit 1122 is configured to aggregate all the primary target information received by the second communication unit 1122, and perform the aggregated primary target information. The matching and association are performed, and the associated information is corrected by vector state and covariance to obtain high-quality, high-accuracy state estimation, and to maintain continuous tracking of the moving target.
  • the second communication unit 1122 is also a wireless communication unit. And the second communication unit 1122 is suitable for short-distance and long-distance information transmission. In this embodiment, the second communication unit 1122 has a function of automatically adjusting its own transmission power.
  • the second information fusion unit 1124 connected to the second information processing unit 1123 is configured to perform temporal and spatial fusion of the corrected primary target information to form intermediate target information, and cause the second communication unit 1122 to perform the intermediate level.
  • the target information is transmitted to the control module 13.
  • a mesh (Mesh) network structure is adopted between the plurality of first sensing nodes 111 and the second sensing node 112, so that target information sharing of the sensing node pieces can be effectively realized, and The information generated by the neighboring sensing nodes is effectively caused to participate in the information association generated by the current sensing node, which is beneficial to achieve continuity of the same batch moving target trajectory tracking.
  • There are multiple routing paths between the sensing nodes of the Mesh network so that multiple connection paths are formed between the sensing nodes that communicate with each other, which ensures the stability of information transmission between the sensing nodes.
  • the Mesh network has a long transmission distance and a large coverage area. Advantages, especially suitable for wireless sensor networks working in harsh outdoor environments.
  • the relay transmission module 12 is connected to two sensing modules 11, and the transmission module 12 is configured to communicate with the second sensing node 112 to receive the intermediate target information, and The intermediate target information is transmitted to the control module 13.
  • the transmission module 12 may be a relay transmission device, which has a function of automatically adjusting its own transmission power.
  • the control module 13 connected to the relay transmission module 12 is configured to receive intermediate target information transmitted by all the second sensing nodes 112, synthesize and calibrate the intermediate target information, and fuse the calibrated intermediate target information to obtain the The situation assessment of the moving target 2 is described, and the advanced target information is formed based on the situational evaluation of the moving target 2.
  • the control module 13 may be a computer terminal, but is not limited thereto. In a practical application example, any terminal device having a fusion and control function can achieve the object of the present invention. .
  • FIG. 4 it is a schematic structural diagram of a control module.
  • the control module 13 includes a third communication unit 131, a third information fusion unit 132, a third information processing unit 133, a command control unit 134, and a storage unit 135.
  • the third communication unit 131 is configured to receive the intermediate target information transmitted by the plurality of sensing modules 11 via the transmission module 12.
  • the third communication unit 131 is suitable for long distance information transmission.
  • the third information fusion unit 132 connected to the third communication unit 131 is configured to perform high-volume, multi-level data fusion on the received intermediate target information to obtain a situation assessment of the target.
  • the third information processing unit 133 connected to the third information fusion unit 132 is configured to perform data calibration, situation analysis and situation prediction of the intermediate target information on the intermediate target information obtained after the fusion to obtain advanced target information.
  • the situation assessment includes situational analysis and situational prediction of the moving target.
  • the situational analysis will include entity consolidation, collaborative processing and collaborative relationship analysis, entity distribution and action intent of the moving target.
  • the situation prediction includes the prediction and distribution of the geographical location of the moving target in the future.
  • the third information processing unit 133 provides a reliable basis for the command and control unit 134 to implement command decisions.
  • the command control unit 134 connected to the third information processing unit 133 is configured to issue an allegation command to the operator based on the advanced target information.
  • the third communication unit 131 also sends the allegation command to the first communication unit 1116 through the second communication unit 1122.
  • the storage unit 135 connected to the third information processing unit 133 is configured to store the advanced target information, that is, to store useful information.
  • the multi-function composite sensor-based wireless sensor network architecture 1 further includes an energy-saving management module 14 connected to a plurality of the sensing module and the transmission module, wherein the energy-saving management module 14 is configured to manage a plurality of the sensing modules.
  • the operating mode of the module 11 and the transmission module 12 is to optimize the configuration of the operating states of the first sensing node 111 and the second sensing node 112, and to manage the transmission mode of the transmission module 12.
  • the energy-saving management module 14 can optimally configure the sensing node in the working state, thereby extending the working time of the sensing network in the wireless sensor network architecture 1 based on the multifunctional composite sensor.
  • the target information of the mobile target acquired by the wireless sensor network architecture based on the multifunctional composite sensor is divided into three levels, primary target information, intermediate target information, and advanced target information, in data fusion.
  • the reasoning logic and the decision method tend to be intelligent and complicated.
  • each unit in the "first sensor node" of the multifunctional composite sensor performs target signal acquisition, Pre-processing, feature extraction and analysis, the intra-node fusion processing unit forms the primary target information;
  • the primary target information obtained by the fusion of the “first sensing node” is aggregated to the “second sensing node” for target pairing and association,
  • the associated data is corrected for vector state and covariance, and high-quality and accurate state estimation is obtained, and continuous tracking of the target is maintained to form intermediate target information.
  • the control center performs high-volume, multi-level data fusion to obtain the movement. The situational assessment and threat assessment of the target, forming high-level target information while storing the perceived useful information.
  • the wireless sensor network architecture based on the multifunctional composite sensor of the present invention has the following Benefit effect:
  • the invention integrates various sensors in a single sensor node, and has various sensing detection means.
  • various types of detection information data level fusion and feature level fusion can be realized, so that the underlying sensor obtains the primary.
  • the target information is more accurate, which increases the credibility of the advanced target information in the upper layer fusion processing.
  • the invention combines the first sensing node and the second sensing node into a Mesh network structure, improves the reliability of communication between nodes in the region, and enables the target information obtained by the neighboring nodes to effectively participate in the fusion processing of the current node. Medium, making the target trajectory more precise and continuous.
  • the “first sensing node” and the “second sensing node” can be switched, which improves the anti-destructive capability of the wireless sensor network, and prolongs the life of the sensor network through energy-saving management and information interaction of the information fusion processing unit in the node. cycle.
  • the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构，包括：若干个传感模块，包括多个第一传感节点、和第二传感节点，第一传感节点用于在感测移动目标进入探测区域后采集目标信号，提取移动目标的特征信息，分析移动目标的特征信息形成初级目标信息，传输初级目标信息至第二传感节点，第二传感节点将多个第一传感节点传输的移动目标的初级目标信息进行移动目标匹配和关联，并将关联后的初级目标信息进行修正形成中级目标信息；控制模块，用于综合和校准中级目标信息，通过融合校准后的中级目标信息获取到移动目标的态势评估形成高级目标信息。本发明提升了无线传感网的抗毁能力，延长了传感网生命周期，增加了融合处理高级目标信息的可信度。

Description

一种基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构 技术领域
本发明属于无线传感器网络技术领域，涉及一种无线传感网架构，特别是涉及一种基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构。
背景技术
随着无线网络和传感设备的高速发展，感知数据类型也迅速扩充，由原来单一的数据发展到音频、视频、图像等多媒体信息，并由此产生了以传统无线传感网为基础的无线传感网络。其节点一般装备有多个具有采集、震动感测、声音感测、加速度感测、温度感测、方向感测、光强度感测等等功能的传感器，它们一般部署在无人值守的环境，尤其是野外中自主地完成指定的任务，是一种能耗敏感的无基础设施网。与只具有简单环境数据采集功能的传统无线传感器网络相比，无线传感器探测系统能感知信息量丰富的音频、视频、图像等多媒体信息，能实现细粒度、精准信息的移动目标信息的监测，可广泛应用于战场可视化监控、环境监测、安全监控、交通监控、智能家居、医疗卫生等领域。
而目前的无线传感网中，无线传感器探测系统多采用在不同地点布放不同种类的传感器节点的方式来实施对目标进行区域监控，分类识别和实时跟踪，而这些单一功能的节点得到的目标信息有限，在节点内无法得到目标的属性和状态，只能通过融合多个传感器节点才能得知目标的属性和运行状态。为保证无线传感网中节点的工作时间，不适合进行大批量数据传输，这种无线传感网中，对多传感器的融合处理只能选用决策级融合。这样会导致传感器节点处，损失掉大量有用的目标信息，对于后级融合来说，无法通过智能化的推理和决策算法来弥补。尤其，在恶劣的环境下，这种信息损失是致命的。这对无线传感网中传感器节点的多功能复合化提出了需求。
因此，如何提供一种基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构，以解决现有技术中的无线传感器底层信息融合的准确度不高、无线传感器网络的鲁棒性、抗毁性不高等种种缺陷，实已成为本领域从业者亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种基于多功能复合式传 感器的无线传感网架构，用于解决现有技术中无线传感器底层信息融合的准确度不高、无线传感器网络的鲁棒性、抗毁性不高的问题。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本发明提供一种基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构，用于监测移动目标，包括：若干个传感模块，各该传感模块包括多个第一传感节点、和第二传感节点，所述多个第一传感节点和第二传感节点形成一探测区域；其中，所述第一传感节点用于在感测到所述移动目标进入所述探测区域后采集所述移动目标的目标信号，预处理所述目标信号，提取所述移动目标的特征信息，分析所述移动目标的特征信息形成初级目标信息，并将所述初级目标信息传输至所述第二传感节点，所述第二传感节点用于将多个第一传感节点传输的移动目标的初级目标信息进行移动目标匹配和关联，并将关联后的初级目标信息进行修正以形成中级目标信息；与所述传感模块连接的中继传输模块，用于与所述第二传感节点进行通信以接收所述中级目标信息；与所述中继传输模块连接的控制模块，用于接收所述第二传感节点传输的中级目标信息，综合和校准所述中级目标信息，通过融合校准后的中级目标信息同时获取到所述移动目标的态势评估，及根据所述移动目标的态势评估形成高级目标信息。
可选地，所述第一传感节点包括震动传感器、声音传感器、图像传感器、第一信息融合单元、第一通信单元、定位单元；其中，所述震动传感器包括震动感测单元和震动信号处理单元；多个所述声音传感器按照预定规则组成一多元声阵列，所述多元声阵列包括多元声感测单元和多元声信号处理单元；所述图像传感器包括图像感测单元和图像信息处理单元；所述震动感测单元、多元声感测单元、和图像感测单元分别用于感测和采集所述移动目标的震动信号、声音信号、及图像信息；所述定位单元用于获取所述第一传感节点内的预设参照物的绝对方位信息；所述震动信号处理单元和多元声信号处理单元分别用于根据采集到的震动信号、声音信号提取所述移动目标的声震特征信息，识别所述移动目标的目标类别，根据所述多元声阵列获取所述移动目标运行方向与所述预设参照物的相对方向角，将所述移动目标运行方向与所述预设参照物的相对方向角和所述定位单元提供的所述预设参照物的绝对方位信息结合估计出所述移动目标的实际运动方向；当获取到所述移动目标运行方向与所述预定参照物的相对方向角时启动所述图像传感器的图像感测单元获取所述移动目标的连续多帧图像，及所述图像传感器的图像信息处理单元提取所述移动目标的多维图像信息、获取所述移动目标的图像特征信息；所述第一信息融合单元用于融合所述移动目标的声 震特征信息和图像特征信息、目标类别、实际运行方向，估计所述移动目标的运行状态、形成初级目标信息；
所述第一通信单元用于将所述初级目标信息传输至所述第二传感节点。
可选地，所述第一传感节点还包括用于感测移动目标所处环境气候条件的、和获取所述第一传感节点倾角信息以确定所述震动传感器和图像传感器的工作状态的环境信息获取单元、和用以感测所述第一传感节点的能量损耗的能量感测单元；其中，根据所述环境信息获取单元获取到的环境气候条件以判断图像质量。
可选地，所述第二传感器节点包括第二通信单元、第二信息处理单元、及第二信息融合单元；其中，所述第二通信单元用于接收多个第一传感节点传输的所述初级目标信息；所述第二信息处理单元用于汇聚所述初级目标信息，并将汇聚后的初级目标信息进行目标匹配和关联，并将关联后的信息进行矢量状态及协方差修正；所述第二信息融合单元用于将修正后的初级目标信息进行时空融合以形成中级目标信息，并令所述第二通信单元将所述中级目标信息传输至所述控制模块；其中，所述第一通信单元和第二通信单元具有自动调节自身发射功率的功能。
可选地，所述第二传感节点还包括第二感测单元用于感测所述第二传感节点的能量损耗；若感测到所述第二传感节点的能量损耗达到耗尽阈值时，所述第二感测单元传输重新选举第二传感节点的指令，令所述第一传感节点根据预定选举规则选举出新的第二传感节点。
可选地，所述控制模块包括第三通信单元、第三信息融合单元、第三信息处理单元、指挥控制单元、及存储单元；其中，所述第三通信单元用于接收多个所述传感模块经所述中继传输模块传输的所述中级目标信息；所述第三信息融合单元用于将接收到的中级目标信息进行数据融合；所述第三信息处理单元用于对融合后得到的中级目标信息进行态势分析和态势预测以获取高级目标信息；所述指挥控制单元用于根据所述高级目标信息发出指控命令至操作人员；所述存储单元用于存储所述高级目标信息。
可选地，所述中继传输模块还用于自动调节自身发射功率。
可选地，所述基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构还包括与多个所述传感模块和中继传输模块连接的节能管理模块，所述节能管理模块用于管理多个所述传感模块和所述中继传输模块的工作模式以优化配置所述第一传感节点和第二传感节点的工作状态，和管理所述中继传输模块的发射方式。
可选地，所述多个第一传感节点和所述第二传感节点之间采用网状网络结构。
如上所述，本发明的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构，具有以下有益效果：
第一，本发明通过在单体传感器节点内集成了多种传感器，具有多种传感探测手段，在单体传感器内可实现多种类探测信息数据级融合和特征级融合，使底层传感器得到的初级目标信息更准确，从而增加了上层融合处理中高级目标信息的可信程度。
第二，本发明通过将第一传感节点和第二传感节点组成一Mesh网络结构，提升了区域内节点间通信的可靠性，使邻近节点得到的目标信息有效的参与到当前节点的融合处理中，使目标轨迹更精确，同时具有连续性。“第一传感节点”和“第二传感节点”可进行切换，提升了无线传感网的抗毁能力，并通过节能管理和节点内信息融合处理单元的信息交互延长了传感网生命周期。
附图说明
图1显示为本发明的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构的原理结构示意图。
图2显示为本发明的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构的实景示意图。
图3显示为本发明的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构中传感模块的原理结构示意图。
图4显示为本发明的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构中控制模块的原理结构示意图。
元件标号说明
1       基于多功能复合式传感器
        的无线传感网架构
11      传感模块
111     第一传感节点
112     第二传感节点
113     探测区域
1111    震动传感器
1112    声音传感器
1113    图像传感器
1114    定位单元
1115    第一信息融合单元
1116    第一通信单元
1121    第二感测单元
1122    第二通信单元
1123    第二信息处理单元
1124    第二信息融合单元
12      中继传输模块
13      控制模块
131     第三通信单元
132     第三信息融合单元
133     第三信息处理单元
134     指挥控制单元
125     存储单元
2       移动目标
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。需说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，以下实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
需要说明的是，以下实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本构想，遂图式中仅显示与本发明中有关的组件而非按照实际实施时的组件数目、形状及尺寸绘制，其实际实施时各组件的型态、数量及比例可为一种随意的改变，且其组件布局型态也可能更为复杂。
实施例
本实施例提供一种基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构1，用于监测移动目标2，所述移动目标可以是一个可以为多个，例如、人、车辆等等，在本实施例中 以车辆作为移动目标。本实施例所述的。请参阅图1和图2，显示为基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构的原理结构图和实景示意图，所述基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构1包括若干个传感模块11、中继传输模块12、控制模块13、及节能管理模块14。
在本实施例中，所述传感模块11的数量为2个，所述传感模块11包括多个第一传感节点111、和第二传感节点112，所述多个第一传感节点111和第二传感节点112形成一探测区域113，所述探测区域也称之为传感场。其中，所述第一传感节点111用于在感测到移动目标进入所述探测区域后采集所述移动目标的目标信号，预处理所述目标信号，对所述目标信息进行特征提取以提取出所述移动目标的特征信息，分析所述移动目标的特征信息形成初级目标信息，并将所述初级目标信息传输至所述第一传感节点112，在本实施例中，所述移动目标每经过一个第一传感节点便将在该第一传感节点处形成的初级目标信息传输至所述第二传感节点112。所述第二传感节点112用于将多个第一传感节点111传输的移动目标的初级目标信息进行移动目标匹配和关联，并将关联后的初级目标信息进行修正以形成中级目标信息。以下将具体介绍一下所述第一传感节点111和第二传感节点112的内部结构。
请参阅图3，显示为传感模块的原理结构示意图，所述第一传感节点111包括多个震动传感器1111、声音传感器1112、图像传感器1113、定位单元1114、第一信息融合单元1115、及第一通信单元1116，为了简单，清楚描述所述传感模块的原理结构图，图3中仅示出一个震动传感器1111、声音传感器1112、图像传感器1113、及定位单元1114。在本实施例中，所述移动目标进入第一个探测区域113时，如图2所示，所述移动目标的运动轨迹为b→j→i→h，其中，b，c，d，e，f，g，h，i，j表示第一传感节点111，a表示第二传感节点112，其也称之为簇头节点。以下将详细介绍所述第一传感节点111的具体结构及其功能。
其中，所述震动传感器1111包括震动感测单元和震动信号处理单元。多个所述声音传感器1112按照预定规则组成一多元声阵列，所述预定规则可以是将多个声音传感器布设成三角状、圆形状等等。所述多元声阵列包括多元声感测单元和多元声信号处理单元。所述图像传感器包括图像感测单元和图像信息处理单元。所述定位单元1114用于获取所述第一传感节点111内的预设参照物的绝对方位信息。在本实施例中，所述定位单元1114包括电子罗盘(指南针)和GPS定位器，所述电子罗盘用于获取所述存储在所述第一传感节点111内预设参照物的绝对方向信息，所述GPS定 位器用于获取所述第一传感节点111的地理位置信息。
所述震动感测单元用于感测和采集所述移动目标2的震动信号。所述多元声感测单元用于感测和采集所述移动目标2的声音信号。所述图像感测单元用于感测和采集所述移动目标2的图像信息。所述震动信号处理单元和多元声信号处理单元分别用于根据所述震动感测单元和多元声感测单元采集到的震动信号和声音信号分别进行声震特征信息的提取，换句话说就是，所述震动信号处理单元和多元声信号处理单元根据所述震动信号和声音信号提取所述移动目标的声震特征信息，识别所述移动目标的目标类别，根据所述多元声阵列获取所述移动目标运行方向与所述预设参照物(所述第一传感节点111中某一标记物)的相对方向角，将所述移动目标运行方向与所述预设参照物的相对方向角和所述电子罗盘提供的所述第一传感节点111中预设参照物的绝对方向信息，第一传感节点111的地理位置信息结合估计出所述移动目标2的实际运动方向；当获取到所述移动目标与所述预定参照物的相对方向角时启动所述图像传感器1113的图像感测单元获取所述移动目标2的连续多帧图像，并通过所述图像传感器1113的图像信息处理单元对所述连续多帧图像进行提取以获取所述移动目标的多维图像信息、获取所述移动目标的图像特征信息就是指获取所述移动目标的细化类别、速度、距离、数量等信息，在本实施例中，多个所述图像传感器1113全方位360度采集所述移动目标2的图像信息。在本实施例中，所述第一传感节点111可根据所述移动目标的特征信息获取所述移动目标的类别例如为车辆。
所述第一传感节点111还包括能量感测单元和环境信息获取单元，所述能量感测单元用于感测所述第一传感节点111的能量损耗。所述环境信息获取单元用于实时感测移动目标所处环境气候条件和获取所述第一传感节点111的倾角信息以确定所述震动传感器和图像传感器的工作状态。其中，所述第一传感节点111根据所述环境信息获取的那样获取到的环境气候条件以判断图像质量。例如，在本实施例中，所述环境信息获取单元包括加速度传感器、温湿度计、和光强度计。所述加速度传感器可用于获取第一传感节点布设后的倾角信息，可得知震动传感器、声音传感器、及图像传感器等是否能够正常工作，同时可对所述多元声阵列的移动目标的相对运动方向信息进行修正。所述温湿度计和光强度计获取所述第一传感节点所处环境的温湿度信息、光照信息以此获取所述图像传感器获取到的多帧图像的图像质量。
分别与所述多个震动传感器1111、声音传感器1112、图像传感器1113、定位单元1114连接的所述第一信息融合单元1115用于将所述震动信号处理单元、多元声信 号处理单元、及图像信息处理单元分析处理得到的所述移动目标的声震特征信息和图像特征信息、目标类别、实际运行方向，估计所述移动目标的运行状态融合在一起以形成初级目标信息。在本实施例中，所述第一信息融合单元1115还用于计算所述第一传感节点111与所述第二传感节点112的距离，并根据第一传感节点111与第二传感节点112的距离控制第一通信单元1116的发射功率。所述第一信息融合单元1115可对震动传感器1111和声音传感器1112的原始数据做数据级的融合，保留更多的有用声震特征信息，再结合图像传感器1113得到的移动目标的图像特征信息进行特征级融合，可实现对目标精细化分类的目标，提升了单体传感器情报信息的准确程度。
与所述第一信息融合单元1115连接的所述第一通信单元1116用于将所述第一信息融合单元1115产生的所述初级目标信息传输至所述第二传感节点112。在本实施例中，所述第一通信单元为无线通信单元，且所述第一通信单元1116适用于短距离信息传输。在本实施例中，所述第一通信单元1116具有自动调节自身发射功率的功能。
在本实施例中，所述车辆作为移动目标研究对象，它分别经过b、j、i、h这四个第一传感节点111，当所述移动目标行进到第一传感节点的探测区域113范围内就会形成各自的初级目标信息，并将形成的关于车辆的初级目标信息都传输给第二传感节点112。
所述第二传感节点112包括第二感测单元1121、第二通信单元1122、第二信息处理单元1123、及第二信息融合单元1124。其中，所述第二通信单元1121用于接收多个第一传感节点，即本实施例中b、j、i、h第一传感节点111传输的所述初级目标信息。
所述第二感测单元1121用于感测所述第二传感节点112的能量损耗。若感测到所述第二传感节点112的能量损耗达到耗尽阈值时，所述第二感测单元1121传输重新选举第二传感节点的指令至所述第一传感节点111，令所述多个第一传感节点111根据预定选举规则选举出新的第二传感节点112。在本实施例中，所述预定选举规则包括通过选举算法推举出一个新的第二传感节点，或者采用第一传感节点轮流充当第二传感节点的工作方式，以实现多个传感节点电量的平衡型。在实际的应用实例中，凡是具有选举和推举功能的算法均可达到本发明之目的均可采用。
与所述第二通信单元1122连接的所述第二信息处理单元1123用于将所述第二通信单元1122接收的所有初级目标信息汇聚起来，并将汇聚后的初级目标信息进行目 标匹配和关联，并将关联后的信息进行矢量状态及协方差修正，获取到高质量、高精确度的状态估计，并保持对移动目标的连续跟踪。在本实施例中，所述第二通信单元1122也为无线通信单元。且所述第二通信单元1122适用于短距离和长距离信息传输。在本实施例中，所述第二通信单元1122具有自动调节自身发射功率的功能。
与所述第二信息处理单元1123连接的所述第二信息融合单元1124用于将修正后的初级目标信息进行时空融合以形成中级目标信息，并令所述第二通信单元1122将所述中级目标信息传输至所述控制模块13。
在本实施例中，所述多个第一传感节点111和所述第二传感节点112之间采用网状(Mesh)网络结构，这样可有效实现传感节点件的目标信息共享，更有效地促使邻近传感节点产生的信息参与到当前传感节点产生的信息关联中，有利于实现同批次移动目标轨迹跟踪的连续性。Mesh网络传感节点间存在多条路由路径，使互相通信的传感节点间形成多条连接路径，确保了传感节点间信息传输的稳定性，Mesh网络具有长传输距离和覆盖连通区域大的优点，特别适合野外恶劣环境下工作的无线传感网。
如图2所示，所述中继传输模块12与2个传感模块11连接，所述传输模块12用于与所述第二传感节点112进行通信以接收所述中级目标信息，并将所述中级目标信息传输至所述控制模块13。在本实施例中，所述传输模块12可为中继传输设备，其具有自动调节自身发射功率的功能。
与所述中继传输模块12连接的所述控制模块13用于接收所有第二传感节点112传输的中级目标信息，综合和校准所述中级目标信息，融合校准后的中级目标信息以获取所述移动目标2的态势评估，及根据所述移动目标2的态势评估形成高级目标信息。在本实施例中，所述控制模块13可以为计算机终端，但并不局限于此，在实际的应用实例中，凡是具有融合和控制功能的终端设备均可达到本发明之目的，特此述明。请参阅图4，显示为控制模块的原理结构示意图，所述控制模块13包括第三通信单元131、第三信息融合单元132、第三信息处理单元133、指挥控制单元134、及存储单元135；
其中，所述第三通信单元131用于接收多个所述传感模块11经所述传输模块12传输的所述中级目标信息。所述第三通信单元131适用于长距离信息传输。
与所述第三通信单元131连接的所述第三信息融合单元132用于将接收到的中级目标信息进行大批量、多层次的数据融合得到目标的态势评估。
与所述第三信息融合单元132连接的所述第三信息处理单元133用于对融合后得到的中级目标信息进行中级目标信息的数据校准，态势分析和态势预测以获取高级目标信息。所述态势评估包括移动目标的态势分析和态势预测。所述态势分析把包括实体合并，协同处理和协同关系分析，移动目标的实体分布和行动意图等。态势预测包括未来时刻移动目标的地理位置的预测和分布情况。所述第三信息处理单元133为指挥控制单元134实现指挥决策提供可靠依据。
与所述第三信息处理单元133连接的所述指挥控制单元134用于根据所述高级目标信息发出指控命令至操作人员。在本实施例中，所述第三通信单元131也会将所述指控命令通过所述第二通信单元1122发送至所述第一通信单元1116。
与所述第三信息处理单元133连接的所述存储单元135用于存储所述高级目标信息，即将感知到有用的信息进行存储。
所述基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构1还包括与多个所述传感模块和传输模块连接的节能管理模块14，所述节能管理模块14用于管理多个所述传感模块11和所述传输模块12的工作模式以优化配置所述第一传感节点111和第二传感节点112的工作状态，和管理所述传输模块12的发射方式。所述节能管理模块14能对处于工作状态的传感节点进行优化配置，从而延长所述基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构1中传感网络的工作时间。
在本实施例中，所述基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构获取到的移动目标的目标信息分为3个等级，初级目标信息、中级目标信息、及高级目标信息，在数据融合过程中，随着移动目标的目标信息级别的提升、推理逻辑和决策方法趋向于智能化、复杂化。
本实施所述的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构全方位、多层次的融合过程中，首先，多功能复合式传感器“第一传感节点”内各单元执行目标信号的采集，预处理，特征提取与分析，节点内融合处理单元形成初级目标信息；其次，“第一传感节点”融合得到的初级目标信息汇聚到“第二传感节点”处，进行目标配对和关联，关联后的数据进行矢量状态及协方差的修正，获得高质量、精确的状态估计，保持对目标的连续跟踪，形成中级目标信息；最后，控制中心进行大批量、多层次的数据融合得出移动目标的态势评估和威胁评估，形成高级目标信息，同时对感知到的有用信息进行存储。
综上所述，本发明所述的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构具有以下有 益效果：
1、本发明通过在单体传感器节点内集成了多种传感器，具有多种传感探测手段，在单体传感器内可实现多种类探测信息数据级融合和特征级融合，使底层传感器得到的初级目标信息更准确，从而增加了上层融合处理中高级目标信息的可信程度。
2、本发明通过将第一传感节点和第二传感节点组成一Mesh网络结构，提升了区域内节点间通信的可靠性，使邻近节点得到的目标信息有效的参与到当前节点的融合处理中，使目标轨迹更精确，同时具有连续性。“第一传感节点”和“第二传感节点”可进行切换，提升了无线传感网的抗毁能力，并通过节能管理和节点内信息融合处理单元的信息交互延长了传感网生命周期。
所以，本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构，用于监测移动目标，其特征在于，包括：
    若干个传感模块，各该传感模块包括多个第一传感节点、和第二传感节点，所述多个第一传感节点和第二传感节点形成一探测区域；其中，所述第一传感节点用于在感测到所述移动目标进入所述探测区域后采集所述移动目标的目标信号，预处理所述目标信号，提取所述移动目标的特征信息，分析所述移动目标的特征信息形成初级目标信息，并将所述初级目标信息传输至所述第二传感节点，所述第二传感节点用于将多个第一传感节点传输的移动目标的初级目标信息进行移动目标匹配和关联，并将关联后的初级目标信息进行修正以形成中级目标信息；
    与所述传感模块连接的中继传输模块，用于与所述第二传感节点进行通信以接收所述中级目标信息；
    与所述中继传输模块连接的控制模块，用于接收所述第二传感节点传输的中级目标信息，综合和校准所述中级目标信息，通过融合校准后的中级目标信息同时获取到所述移动目标的态势评估，及根据所述移动目标的态势评估形成高级目标信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构，其特征在于：所述第一传感节点包括震动传感器、声音传感器、图像传感器、第一信息融合单元、第一通信单元、定位单元；其中，所述震动传感器包括震动感测单元和震动信号处理单元；多个所述声音传感器按照预定规则组成一多元声阵列，所述多元声阵列包括多元声感测单元和多元声信号处理单元；所述图像传感器包括图像感测单元和图像信息处理单元；
    所述震动感测单元、多元声感测单元、和图像感测单元分别用于感测和采集所述移动目标的震动信号、声音信号、及图像信息；
    所述定位单元用于获取所述第一传感节点内的预设参照物的绝对方位信息；
    所述震动信号处理单元和多元声信号处理单元分别用于根据采集到的震动信号、声音信号提取所述移动目标的声震特征信息，识别所述移动目标的目标类 别，根据所述多元声阵列获取所述移动目标运行方向与所述预设参照物的相对方向角，将所述移动目标运行方向与所述预设参照物的相对方向角和所述定位单元提供的所述预设参照物的绝对方位信息结合估计出所述移动目标的实际运动方向；当获取到所述移动目标运行方向与所述预定参照物的相对方向角时启动所述图像传感器的图像感测单元获取所述移动目标的连续多帧图像，及所述图像传感器的图像信息处理单元提取所述移动目标的多维图像信息、获取所述移动目标的图像特征信息；
    所述第一信息融合单元用于融合所述移动目标的声震特征信息和图像特征信息、目标类别、实际运行方向，估计所述移动目标的运行状态、形成初级目标信息；
    所述第一通信单元用于将所述初级目标信息传输至所述第二传感节点。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构，其特征在于：所述第一传感节点还包括用于感测移动目标所处环境气候条件的、和获取所述第一传感节点倾角信息以确定所述震动传感器和图像传感器的工作状态的环境信息获取单元、和用以感测所述第一传感节点的能量损耗的能量感测单元；其中，根据所述环境信息获取单元获取到的环境气候条件以判断图像质量。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构，其特征在于：所述第二传感器节点包括第二通信单元、第二信息处理单元、及第二信息融合单元；
    其中，所述第二通信单元用于接收多个第一传感节点传输的所述初级目标信息；
    所述第二信息处理单元用于汇聚所述初级目标信息，并将汇聚后的初级目标信息进行目标匹配和关联，并将关联后的信息进行矢量状态及协方差修正；
    所述第二信息融合单元用于将修正后的初级目标信息进行时空融合以形成中级目标信息，并令所述第二通信单元将所述中级目标信息传输至所述控制模块；
    其中，所述第一通信单元和第二通信单元具有自动调节自身发射功率的功能。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构，其特征在 于：所述第二传感节点还包括第二感测单元用于感测所述第二传感节点的能量损耗；若感测到所述第二传感节点的能量损耗达到耗尽阈值时，所述第二感测单元传输重新选举第二传感节点的指令，令所述第一传感节点根据预定选举规则选举出新的第二传感节点。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构，其特征在于：所述控制模块包括第三通信单元、第三信息融合单元、第三信息处理单元、指挥控制单元、及存储单元；
    其中，所述第三通信单元用于接收多个所述传感模块经所述中继传输模块传输的所述中级目标信息；
    所述第三信息融合单元用于将接收到的中级目标信息进行数据融合；
    所述第三信息处理单元用于对融合后得到的中级目标信息进行态势分析和态势预测以获取高级目标信息；
    所述指挥控制单元用于根据所述高级目标信息发出指控命令至操作人员；
    所述存储单元用于存储所述高级目标信息。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构，其特征在于：所述中继传输模块还用于自动调节自身发射功率。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构，其特征在于：所述基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构还包括与多个所述传感模块和中继传输模块连接的节能管理模块，所述节能管理模块用于管理多个所述传感模块和所述中继传输模块的工作模式以优化配置所述第一传感节点和第二传感节点的工作状态，和管理所述中继传输模块的发射方式。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的基于多功能复合式传感器的无线传感网架构，其特征在于：所述多个第一传感节点和所述第二传感节点之间采用网状网络结构。
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