WO2016039053A1 - Surveying device - Google Patents

Surveying device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016039053A1
WO2016039053A1 PCT/JP2015/072373 JP2015072373W WO2016039053A1 WO 2016039053 A1 WO2016039053 A1 WO 2016039053A1 JP 2015072373 W JP2015072373 W JP 2015072373W WO 2016039053 A1 WO2016039053 A1 WO 2016039053A1
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Prior art keywords
light
measurement
laser
reflected
pointer
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PCT/JP2015/072373
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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太一 湯浅
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株式会社トプコン
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Priority to JP2016547778A priority Critical patent/JPWO2016039053A1/en
Publication of WO2016039053A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016039053A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a surveying instrument including a pointer light projection system that projects pointer light onto a measurement target.
  • Patent Document 1 a surveying instrument equipped with a visible laser projector having a visible laser light source that emits pointer light is known (see Patent Document 1).
  • Such a surveying instrument is provided with a collimating optical system for observing a measurement target onto which pointer light is projected by a visible laser projector.
  • the collimating optical system has a perforated objective lens, a focusing lens, an erect image prism, a focusing plate, and an eyepiece lens arranged on the collimating optical axis. , The collimation point image is focused on the focusing screen.
  • the operator can see the image of the survey target on the focusing screen through the eyepiece.
  • Such a surveying instrument is provided with a dichroic mirror that cuts light having a wavelength greater than or equal to the red wavelength, or a photographing optical system that photographs a surveying target through the dichroic mirror. For this reason, the survey target that is collimated through the dichroic mirror is cut in red, so it is collimated as a survey target with strong bluishness (measurement target), and the survey target becomes an unnatural color. Will be observed.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a surveying apparatus that allows a measurement target to be observed with a natural color.
  • the invention of claim 1 is a pointer light projection system that projects red pointer light onto a measurement target;
  • a surveying instrument comprising: a measurement optical system that measures the position of a measurement object onto which the pointer light is projected; and a collimation optical system that collimates the measurement object,
  • a first dichroic optical element for sharing a part of the optical path of the pointer light receiving system and the collimating optical system and separating the light in the wavelength band of the pointer light and the light in both wavelength bands sandwiching the wavelength band Place and
  • the first dichroic optical element is characterized in that the imaging element of the collimating optical system receives light in both wavelength bands sandwiching the wavelength band of the pointer light.
  • a bright red pointer can be projected onto the measurement object, and the measurement object can be observed with a natural color.
  • FIG. 3 is an optical arrangement diagram showing an arrangement of optical systems provided in a lens barrel portion of the surveying instrument shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • 4 is a graph showing the characteristics of the dichroic mirror in FIG. 3 and the light receiving sensitivity of an image pickup element interposing the dichroic mirror.
  • It is the block diagram which showed the structure of the control system of a surveying instrument. It is the graph which showed the spectral characteristic of the diffuse reflectance of each color. It is the graph which showed the spectral characteristic of the light reception sensitivity in R, G, B of an image sensor.
  • Fig. 1 shows a configuration example of a surveying system.
  • This surveying system includes a surveying instrument 1 that is a surveying device that is a total station with a laser pointer, and a measuring object 2.
  • the surveying instrument 1 captures and tracks the measurement object 2 by irradiating the tracking light 4 which is substantially parallel light after detecting the measurement object 2.
  • the surveying instrument 1 measures the distance by irradiating the distance measuring light 5 and measures the angle by an angle detection unit such as an encoder.
  • the measuring object 2 includes a corner cube 7 which is a reflector that reflects the tracking light 4 and the distance measuring light 5.
  • the surveying instrument 1 is provided in the surveying instrument main body 10, which is mounted on a tripod, the surveying instrument main body 10 that is pivotally supported on the base plate 8 around a vertical axis (not shown), and the surveying instrument main body 10. And a lens barrel portion 12 that is rotatably supported around a horizontal axis (not shown).
  • FIG. 2 shows a surveying system when the measurement target is a non-prism, for example, when the measurement target is a wall 2 ′ or the like. In this surveying system, visible light pointer light P is projected onto the wall 2 from the surveying instrument 1, and the direction and position of the surveying instrument 1 are adjusted so that the pointer light P is projected onto the measurement position 2a of the wall 2 '. .
  • the tracking optical system 31 includes a tracking light irradiation system 42 and a tracking light receiving system 43.
  • the tracking light irradiation system 42 includes a tracking laser light source (second laser light source) 44, a collimator lens 45 that converts the tracking laser light (second laser light) emitted from the tracking laser light source 44 into a parallel light beam, A long pass filter 46, a mirror 47, a dichroic mirror (first dichroic optical element) 48, and a window glass 49 provided on the front surface of the lens barrel 12 are provided.
  • the tracking laser light emitted from the tracking laser light source 44 is infrared light having a wavelength of 792 nm, and the tracking laser light is irradiated from the window glass 49 as the tracking light 4 (see FIG. 1).
  • the optical path of the tracking light irradiation system 42 from the long pass filter 46 to the window glass 49 is common to a part of the optical path of the pointer light projection system 100 described later.
  • the tracking light receiving system 43 includes a window glass 49, a dichroic mirror 48, an objective lens 50, a dichroic prism (second dichroic optical element) 51, and a tracking light receiving element 52.
  • the dichroic mirror 48 transmits light in the wavelength band of measurement light of 620 to 660 nm and reflects light in the wavelength band of 400 to 600 nm and light in the wavelength band of 670 to 750 nm, as shown in the graph G1 of FIG. It has the characteristic to make it.
  • the wavelength band of the measurement light is 640 nm to 680 nm, it has a characteristic of reflecting light having a wavelength band of 400 to 620 nm and light having a wavelength band of 700 to 750 nm. That is, the dichroic mirror 48 has a function of separating light having a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm and light having a wavelength of 670 to 750 nm with respect to light having a wavelength of 620 to 660 nm.
  • the dichroic prism 51 has a reflecting surface 51b.
  • the reflecting surface 51b transmits light having a wavelength of 790 nm or more and reflects light having a wavelength of 790 nm or less.
  • the tracking light receiving element 52 receives light transmitted through the reflecting surface 51 b of the dichroic prism 51.
  • the distance measuring optical system 32 includes a distance measuring light irradiation system (measurement projection system) 60 and a distance measuring light receiving system 70.
  • the distance measuring light irradiation system 60 includes a distance measuring / pointer laser light source (first laser light source) 61 that serves both as a distance measuring device and a pointer, and a laser beam emitted from the distance measuring / pointer laser light source 61 (first laser light source 61).
  • the distance measuring light irradiation system 60 has a common optical path from the long pass filter 46 of the tracking light irradiation system 42 to the window glass 49.
  • the beam splitter 63 is set to reflect approximately 1% of the laser light emitted from the distance measuring / pointer laser light source 61 and transmit approximately 99% of the laser light.
  • the distance measuring light receiving system 70 includes a window glass 49, a dichroic mirror 48, an objective lens 50, a dichroic prism 51, a light receiving stop 71, and a distance measuring light receiving element 72.
  • the light receiving aperture 71 is composed of a disc 71A that adjusts the amount of light received by the ranging light receiving element 72 and a motor (not shown) that rotates the disc 71A. The amount of received light is adjusted by the rotational position of the disc 71A.
  • the distance measuring light receiving system 70 has a common optical path from the window glass 49 of the tracking light receiving system 43 to the reflecting surface 51 b of the dichroic prism 51.
  • Reference numeral 101 denotes a shutter that can be switched between a solid line position (second position) and a broken line position (first position). The shutter 101 is moved to the second position to transmit the laser beam through the beam splitter 63. The light is shielded, and the laser beam reflected by the beam splitter 63 is shielded by being moved to the first position.
  • the pointer light projection system 100 projects the pointer light P (see FIG. 2) toward the measurement object 2, and also uses the distance measurement light irradiation system 60 of the distance measurement optical system 32, and is the same as the measurement projection system. It has a configuration.
  • the shutter 101 When the pointer is projected, the shutter 101 is moved to the solid line position, and when it is used as the reference light of the distance measuring light irradiation system 60, it is moved to the chain line position.
  • the shutter 101 When the shutter 101 is moved to the position of the broken line, approximately 1% of the laser light from the distance / pointer laser light source 61 reflected by the beam splitter 63 is guided to the distance measuring light receiving element 72 as reference light.
  • the wavelength of the laser light emitted from the distance measuring / pointer laser light source 61 may be in the range of 620 to 680 nm.
  • a laser light source having a wavelength of about 630 nm is used, and the laser light is used as pointer laser light (pointer).
  • the imaging optical system 200 images (collimates) the measurement object 2 onto which the pointer light P is projected, and includes a window glass 49, a dichroic mirror 48, a focusing lens 202, an imaging lens 203, and an imaging. Element 204.
  • the optical path from the window glass 49 of the imaging optical system 200 to the dichroic mirror 48 and the optical path from the window glass 49 of the ranging light receiving system 70 to the dichroic mirror 48 are common. That is, the optical path from the window glass 49 of the distance measuring light irradiation system 60 to the dichroic mirror 48 is common.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control system of the surveying instrument 1.
  • the operation unit 301 is provided with various operation switches (not shown).
  • Reference numeral 302 denotes a display unit that displays an image captured by the image sensor 204, and this display unit 302 is also provided on the rear surface of the surveying instrument main body 10. Or it can be displayed on a separate tablet.
  • Reference numeral 303 denotes a horizontal driving unit that rotates the surveying instrument main body 10 horizontally
  • 304 denotes a vertical driving unit that rotates the lens barrel unit 12 vertically (rotates about the horizontal axis)
  • 305 denotes a horizontal angle encoder that detects the horizontal angle of the surveying instrument main body 10.
  • 306 is a vertical angle encoder for detecting the vertical angle of the lens barrel 12.
  • the arithmetic control device 310 controls the horizontal driving unit 303 and the vertical driving unit 304 based on the light reception signal of the tracking light receiving element 52 to perform tracking positioning, or the distance measuring / pointer laser light source 61.
  • the light emission of the tracking laser light source 44 is controlled, and various controls are performed based on the operation of the operation unit 301.
  • a search mode for searching the direction of the measuring object 2 is set by operating the operation unit 301.
  • the surveying instrument 1 drives the horizontal driving unit 303 and the vertical driving unit 304 to perform collimation positioning. When the collimation is completed, the surveying instrument 1 shifts to a tracking mode for tracking the measurement object 2. The surveying instrument 1 emits tracking laser light from the tracking laser light source 44.
  • the tracking laser light emitted from the tracking laser light source 44 is converted into a parallel light beam by the collimator lens 45, and the tracking laser light (tracking light 4) converted into the parallel light beam passes through the long pass filter 46 and is mirrored. 47 is reflected toward the measuring object 2 and reaches the dichroic mirror 48. Since the tracking laser light has a wavelength of 750 nm or more, it passes through the dichroic mirror 48. This tracking laser beam is transmitted through the dichroic mirror 48 toward the measurement object 2. The tracking laser light further passes through the window glass 49 and reaches the corner cube 7 of the measuring object 2. The tracking laser light is reflected by the corner cube 7 and enters the window glass 49 of the surveying instrument 1.
  • the tracking laser light incident on the window glass 49 passes through the dichroic mirror 48 and enters the dichroic prism 51 through the objective lens 50.
  • the tracking laser light incident on the dichroic prism 51 has a wavelength of 792 nm, and therefore passes through the reflecting surface 51 b of the dichroic prism 51 and is received by the tracking light receiving element 52.
  • the arithmetic and control unit 310 performs tracking position alignment based on the light reception signal of the tracking light receiving element 52.
  • the position of the center of gravity of the received tracking laser beam is aligned with the center position (collimation center) of the tracking light receiving element 52.
  • the surveying instrument 1 shifts to a measurement mode in which ranging and angle measurement are performed.
  • the emission of the tracking laser light from the tracking laser light source 44 is stopped, and the shutter 101 is moved to the solid line position.
  • pointer laser light is emitted from the distance measuring / pointer laser light source 61 of the pointer light projection system 100.
  • the emitted pointer laser light is converted into a parallel light beam by the collimator lens 62, and the pointer laser light converted into the parallel light beam is transmitted through the beam splitter 63, reflected by the long pass filter 46, and further measured by the mirror 47. Is reflected toward the dichroic mirror 48.
  • the pointer laser light has a wavelength of 630 nm, and the dichroic mirror 48 transmits light having a wavelength of 620 to 660 nm. Therefore, the pointer laser light passes through the dichroic mirror 48.
  • the pointer laser light that has passed through the dichroic mirror 48 passes through the window glass 49 and reaches the corner cube 7 of the measuring object 2.
  • the pointer laser light (pointer light P) has a wavelength of 630 nm and is bright red light.
  • the laser beam for the pointer that has reached the corner cube 7 of the measuring object 2 is reflected here and is incident on the window glass 49 of the surveying instrument 1 and is transmitted through the dichroic mirror 48.
  • the light of the subject that is the measuring object 2 enters the window glass 49 of the lens barrel 12 of the surveying instrument 1 and reaches the dichroic mirror 48.
  • the dichroic mirror 48 reflects light having a wavelength band of 400 to 600 nm and light having a wavelength band of 670 to 750 nm, which are visible light, so that the visible light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 48.
  • it reaches the image sensor 204 via the focusing lens 202 and the imaging lens 203, and an image of the measurement object 2 is formed on the image sensor 204. Then, an image of the measurement object 2 is displayed on the display unit 302.
  • the dichroic mirror 48 transmits light in a wavelength band of 620 to 660 nm, that is, red light, so that an image formed on the image sensor 204 has a red color, and thus an image with a strong bluish color is obtained.
  • the dichroic mirror 48 reflects red light having a wavelength band of 670 to 750 nm, the dichroic mirror 48 can sufficiently cover the missing red color and sufficiently suppress the image from being bluish. .
  • the image displayed on the display unit 302 that is, the image of the measurement object 2 or the wall 2 'has a natural color and is very easy to see.
  • FIG. 6 shows the spectral characteristics of diffuse reflectance (not including regular reflectance) of samples such as color paper.
  • FIG. 7 shows graphs Gr, Gg, and Gb of spectral characteristics of light receiving sensitivity at R, G, and B of the image sensor 204.
  • FIG. 4 shows graphs G2r, G2g, and G2b of spectral characteristics of light receiving sensitivity at R, G, and B of the image sensor 204 when the dichroic mirror 48 is interposed.
  • the red light receiving sensitivity is high. For this reason, the red state in the range of 620 to 660 nm cut by the dichroic mirror 48 is complemented.
  • the wavelength band of 670 to 750 nm since there are green and blue light receiving sensitivities, it becomes the same state that the cut green and blue in the range of 620 to 660 nm are complemented. However, the blue light receiving sensitivity in the wavelength band of 670 to 750 nm is small, and therefore the amount of blue complementation is small.
  • the image picked up by the image pickup element 204 is close to a natural color with blueness suppressed, and the image of the measurement object 2 and the wall 2 ′ displayed on the display unit 302 is very easy to see.
  • the dichroic mirror 48 reflects light in a wavelength band (670 to 750 nm) in which the intensity of red is large and the intensity of green and blue is small. Therefore, the image of the measuring object 2 or the wall 2 'is very easy to see.
  • the shutter 101 is moved to the position of the broken line, and approximately 1% of the distance measurement laser light reflected by the beam splitter 63 is introduced as a reference laser light into an optical fiber (not shown). Then, it is guided to the light receiving element 72 for distance measurement. Thereafter, the shutter 101 is moved to the solid line position, and the distance measuring laser light emitted from the distance measuring / pointer laser light source 61 is collimated by the collimator lens 62, the beam splitter 63, the long pass filter 46, the mirror 47, It reaches the corner cube 7 (measurement position of the wall 2 'in the surveying system in FIG.
  • the dichroic mirror 48 and the window glass 49 via the dichroic mirror 48 and the window glass 49, and reflects and enters the window glass 49 of the surveying instrument 1 here.
  • the light enters the dichroic prism 51 through the dichroic mirror 48 and the objective lens 50, and is received by the ranging light receiving element 72 in the same manner as described above.
  • the ranging light receiving element 72 alternately receives the reference laser beam and the ranging laser beam, and a calculation unit (not shown) of the calculation control device 310 obtains a phase difference between them to measure the object 2 (wall). The distance to the 2 'measuring position 2a) is determined.
  • the light receiving stop 71 is adjusted according to the rotational position so that the light intensity of the reference laser beam and the distance measuring laser beam are the same.
  • the arithmetic and control unit 310 calculates the horizontal angle and the vertical angle by the horizontal angle encoder 305 and the vertical angle encoder 306 while obtaining the distance to the measuring object 2.
  • the pointer light P has a wavelength of 620 to 660 nm
  • the dichroic mirror 48 emits light having a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm and light having a wavelength of 670 to 750 nm with respect to light having a wavelength of 620 to 660 nm.
  • the wavelength of the pointer light P is 620 to 660 nm
  • the dichroic mirror 48 is light having a wavelength of 400 to 620 nm with respect to light having a wavelength of 640 to 680 nm. Even if light having a wavelength of 690 to 750 nm is separated, the same effect as described above can be obtained.
  • the optical axes of the ranging light irradiation system 60, the ranging light receiving system 70, the tracking light irradiation system 42, the pointer light projection system 100, and the photographing optical system 200 are partially coaxial. However, it is not always necessary to be coaxial, and all optical axes may be non-coaxial.
  • the dichroic mirror 48 may be an optical element such as a prism, and the dichroic prism 51 may not be a prism. For example, an optical element such as a mirror may be used.
  • the surveying instrument which measures only the distance to the measuring object on which the pointer was projected, a pointer It can also be applied to a three-dimensional laser scanner (surveying device) for projection.

Abstract

A surveying device is provided with a pointer light projection system (100) for projecting pointer light, a measurement optical system (32) for measuring the position of an object of measurement, and a collimation optical system (200) for collimating to the object of measurement. The optical paths of the measurement optical system (32) and collimation optical system (200) have a common portion, and a dichroic mirror (48) for separating the light of the wavelength band of the pointer light and the light of the wavelength bands on both sides surrounding this wavelength band is disposed on the common portion of the optical paths. The dichroic mirror (48) causes an imaging element (204) to receive the incident light of the wavelength bands on both sides surrounding the wavelength band of the pointer light.

Description

測量装置Surveying equipment
　この発明は、測定対象にポインタ光を投影するポインタ光投影系を備えた測量装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a surveying instrument including a pointer light projection system that projects pointer light onto a measurement target.
　従来から、ポインタ光を発する可視レーザ光源部を有する可視レーザ投光装置を備えた測量機が知られている(特許文献１参照)。 Conventionally, a surveying instrument equipped with a visible laser projector having a visible laser light source that emits pointer light is known (see Patent Document 1).
　かかる測量機は、可視レーザ投光装置でポインタ光を投影した測定対象を観察する視準光学系を備えている。視準光学系は、視準光軸上に配置された孔空き対物レンズ、合焦レンズ、正立正像プリズム、焦点板、接眼レンズとを有しており、合焦レンズを視準光軸上に沿って移動させることにより、視準点の像が焦点板にピントの合った状態で結像される。 Such a surveying instrument is provided with a collimating optical system for observing a measurement target onto which pointer light is projected by a visible laser projector. The collimating optical system has a perforated objective lens, a focusing lens, an erect image prism, a focusing plate, and an eyepiece lens arranged on the collimating optical axis. , The collimation point image is focused on the focusing screen.
　作業者は、接眼レンズを介して焦点板上の測量目標物の像を目視することができるようになっている。 The operator can see the image of the survey target on the focusing screen through the eyepiece.
特開２００４－３１７２５９号公報JP 2004-317259 A
発明が解決しようとうする課題Problems to be Solved by the Invention
　このような測量機にあっては、赤色の波長以上の光をカットするダイクロイックミラーを設けたり、このダイクロイックミラーを介して測量目標物を撮影する撮影光学系を設けたりする。このため、ダイクロイックミラーを介して視準する測量目標物は赤色がカットされているので、青味の強い測量目標物（測定対象）として視準され、測量目標物は不自然な色になって観察されることになる。 Such a surveying instrument is provided with a dichroic mirror that cuts light having a wavelength greater than or equal to the red wavelength, or a photographing optical system that photographs a surveying target through the dichroic mirror. For this reason, the survey target that is collimated through the dichroic mirror is cut in red, so it is collimated as a survey target with strong bluishness (measurement target), and the survey target becomes an unnatural color. Will be observed.
　この発明の目的は、測定対象が自然な色味で観察することのできる測量装置を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a surveying apparatus that allows a measurement target to be observed with a natural color.
　請求項１の発明は、測定対象に赤色のポインタ光を投影するポインタ光投影系と、
前記ポインタ光が投影された測定対象の位置を測定する測定光学系と、前記測定対象を視準する視準光学系とを備えた測量装置であって、
　ポインタ光受光系と前記視準光学系の光路の一部を共通にするとともに、前記ポインタ光の波長帯の光とこの波長帯を挟む両側の波長帯の光を分離させる第１ダイクロイック光学素子を配置し、
　該第１ダイクロイック光学素子は、前記ポインタ光の波長帯を挟む両側の波長帯の光を前記視準光学系の撮像素子に受光させることを特徴とする。 The invention of claim 1 is a pointer light projection system that projects red pointer light onto a measurement target;
A surveying instrument comprising: a measurement optical system that measures the position of a measurement object onto which the pointer light is projected; and a collimation optical system that collimates the measurement object,
A first dichroic optical element for sharing a part of the optical path of the pointer light receiving system and the collimating optical system and separating the light in the wavelength band of the pointer light and the light in both wavelength bands sandwiching the wavelength band Place and
The first dichroic optical element is characterized in that the imaging element of the collimating optical system receives light in both wavelength bands sandwiching the wavelength band of the pointer light.
　この発明によれば、測定対象に明るい赤色ポインタを投影することができ、しかも測定対象が自然な色味で観察することができる。 According to the present invention, a bright red pointer can be projected onto the measurement object, and the measurement object can be observed with a natural color.
測量システムのプリズム測距の構成を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed the structure of the prism ranging of a surveying system. 測量システムのノンプリズム測距の構成を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed the structure of the non-prism ranging of a surveying system. 図１及び図２に示す測量機の鏡筒部内に設けた光学系の配置を示した光学配置図である。FIG. 3 is an optical arrangement diagram showing an arrangement of optical systems provided in a lens barrel portion of the surveying instrument shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. 図３のダイクロイックミラーの特性と、このダイクロイックミラーを介在した撮像素子の受光感度を示したグラフである。4 is a graph showing the characteristics of the dichroic mirror in FIG. 3 and the light receiving sensitivity of an image pickup element interposing the dichroic mirror. 測量機の制御系の構成を示したブロック図である。It is the block diagram which showed the structure of the control system of a surveying instrument. 各色の拡散反射率の分光特性を示したグラフである。It is the graph which showed the spectral characteristic of the diffuse reflectance of each color. 撮像素子のＲ，Ｇ，Ｂにおける受光感度の分光特性を示したグラフである。It is the graph which showed the spectral characteristic of the light reception sensitivity in R, G, B of an image sensor.
　　以下、この発明に係る測量装置の実施の形態である実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, an embodiment which is an embodiment of a surveying apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
　図１は、測量システムの構成例を示す。この測量システムは、レーザポインタ付きのトータルステーションである測量装置である測量機１と測定対象２とを備えている。 Fig. 1 shows a configuration example of a surveying system. This surveying system includes a surveying instrument 1 that is a surveying device that is a total station with a laser pointer, and a measuring object 2.
　測量機１は、測定対象２を検出した後、略平行光である追尾光４を照射することにより測定対象２を捕捉して追跡する。測定対象２が視準中心になったとき、測量機１は、測距光５を照射することにより測距し、エンコーダ等の角度検出部により測角を行う。 The surveying instrument 1 captures and tracks the measurement object 2 by irradiating the tracking light 4 which is substantially parallel light after detecting the measurement object 2. When the measuring object 2 becomes the collimation center, the surveying instrument 1 measures the distance by irradiating the distance measuring light 5 and measures the angle by an angle detection unit such as an encoder.
　測定対象２は、追尾光４、測距光５を反射する反射体であるコーナーキューブ７を備えている。 The measuring object 2 includes a corner cube 7 which is a reflector that reflects the tracking light 4 and the distance measuring light 5.
　測量機１は、三脚に取り付けられた基板部８と、基板部８に鉛直軸(図示せず)を中心に回転可能に軸支された測量機本体１０と、測量機本体１０に設けられた水平軸(図示せず)を中心に回転可能に軸支された鏡筒部１２とを備えている。
［測定対象がノンプリズムの場合の測量システム］
　図２は、測定対象がノンプリズムである場合、例えば、測定対象が壁２′等である場合の測量システムを示す。この測量システムでは、測量機１から可視光のポインタ光Ｐを壁２に投影し、このポインタ光Ｐが壁２′の測定位置２ａに投影されるように測量機１の向きや位置を調整する。 The surveying instrument 1 is provided in the surveying instrument main body 10, which is mounted on a tripod, the surveying instrument main body 10 that is pivotally supported on the base plate 8 around a vertical axis (not shown), and the surveying instrument main body 10. And a lens barrel portion 12 that is rotatably supported around a horizontal axis (not shown).
[Surveying system when measuring object is non-prism]
FIG. 2 shows a surveying system when the measurement target is a non-prism, for example, when the measurement target is a wall 2 ′ or the like. In this surveying system, visible light pointer light P is projected onto the wall 2 from the surveying instrument 1, and the direction and position of the surveying instrument 1 are adjusted so that the pointer light P is projected onto the measurement position 2a of the wall 2 '. .
　ポインタ光Ｐが壁２′の測定位置２ａに投影されていることを目視で確認したら、オペレータは測距スイッチ(図示せず)をオンする。これにより測量機１は測距モードとなって壁２′の測定位置２ａまでの距離を測距する。
［鏡筒部］
　鏡筒部１２内には、図３に示すように、追尾光学系３１と、測距光学系（測定光学系）３２と、ポインタ光投影系１００と、撮影光学系（視準光学系）２００とが設けられている。
［追尾光学系］
　追尾光学系３１は、追尾光照射系４２と追尾光受光系４３とを有している。追尾光照射系４２は、追尾用レーザ光源(第２レーザ光源)４４と、この追尾用レーザ光源４４から射出された追尾用レーザ光（第２レーザ光）を平行光束にするコリメータレンズ４５と、ロングパスフィルタ４６と、ミラー４７と、ダイクロイックミラー（第１ダイクロイック光学素子）４８と、鏡筒部１２の前面に設けた窓ガラス４９とを有している。追尾用レーザ光源４４から射出された追尾用レーザ光は７９２nmの波長の赤外光であり、窓ガラス４９から追尾光４（図１参照）として追尾用レーザ光が照射されることになる。 When it is visually confirmed that the pointer light P is projected on the measurement position 2a of the wall 2 ', the operator turns on a distance measuring switch (not shown). As a result, the surveying instrument 1 enters the distance measuring mode and measures the distance to the measurement position 2a of the wall 2 '.
[Tube]
In the lens barrel 12, as shown in FIG. 3, a tracking optical system 31, a distance measuring optical system (measuring optical system) 32, a pointer light projection system 100, and a photographing optical system (collimating optical system) 200. And are provided.
[Tracking optics]
The tracking optical system 31 includes a tracking light irradiation system 42 and a tracking light receiving system 43. The tracking light irradiation system 42 includes a tracking laser light source (second laser light source) 44, a collimator lens 45 that converts the tracking laser light (second laser light) emitted from the tracking laser light source 44 into a parallel light beam, A long pass filter 46, a mirror 47, a dichroic mirror (first dichroic optical element) 48, and a window glass 49 provided on the front surface of the lens barrel 12 are provided. The tracking laser light emitted from the tracking laser light source 44 is infrared light having a wavelength of 792 nm, and the tracking laser light is irradiated from the window glass 49 as the tracking light 4 (see FIG. 1).
　ロングパスフィルタ４６から窓ガラス４９までの追尾光照射系４２の光路が後述するポインタ光投影系１００の光路の一部と共通となっている。 The optical path of the tracking light irradiation system 42 from the long pass filter 46 to the window glass 49 is common to a part of the optical path of the pointer light projection system 100 described later.
　追尾光受光系４３は、窓ガラス４９と、ダイクロイックミラー４８と、対物レンズ５０と、ダイクロイックプリズム（第２ダイクロイック光学素子）５１と、追尾用受光素子５２とを有している。
［ダイクロイックミラー］
　ダイクロイックミラー４８は、図４のグラフＧ１に示すように、６２０～６６０nmの測定光の波長帯の光を透過し、４００～６００nmの波長帯の光と、６７０～７５０nmの波長帯の光を反射させる特性を有している。また、測定光の波長帯が６４０nm～６８０nmの場合には、４００～６２０nmの波長帯の光と、７００～７５０nmの波長帯の光を反射させる特性を有する。すなわち、ダイクロイックミラー４８は、６２０～６６０nmの波長の光に対して、４００～６００nmの波長の光と、６７０～７５０nmの波長の光を分離させる機能を有している。
［ダイクロイックプリズム］
　ダイクロイックプリズム５１は、反射面５１ｂを有し、反射面５１ｂは７９０nm以上の波長の光を透過させるとともに７９０nmより以下の波長の光を反射するようになっている。 The tracking light receiving system 43 includes a window glass 49, a dichroic mirror 48, an objective lens 50, a dichroic prism (second dichroic optical element) 51, and a tracking light receiving element 52.
[Dichroic mirror]
The dichroic mirror 48 transmits light in the wavelength band of measurement light of 620 to 660 nm and reflects light in the wavelength band of 400 to 600 nm and light in the wavelength band of 670 to 750 nm, as shown in the graph G1 of FIG. It has the characteristic to make it. Further, when the wavelength band of the measurement light is 640 nm to 680 nm, it has a characteristic of reflecting light having a wavelength band of 400 to 620 nm and light having a wavelength band of 700 to 750 nm. That is, the dichroic mirror 48 has a function of separating light having a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm and light having a wavelength of 670 to 750 nm with respect to light having a wavelength of 620 to 660 nm.
[Dichroic prism]
The dichroic prism 51 has a reflecting surface 51b. The reflecting surface 51b transmits light having a wavelength of 790 nm or more and reflects light having a wavelength of 790 nm or less.
　追尾用受光素子５２は、ダイクロイックプリズム５１の反射面５１ｂを透過した光を受光するようになっている。
［測距光学系］
　測距光学系３２は、測距光照射系(測定投影系)６０と測距光受光系７０とを有している。測距光照射系６０は、測距用とポインタ用とを兼ねた測距/ポインタ用レーザ光源（第１レーザ光源）６１と、この測距/ポインタ用レーザ光源６１から射出されるレーザ光（第１レーザ光）を平行光束にするコリメータレンズ６２と、１％程度の反射率を有するビームスプリッタ６３と、ロングパスフィルタ４６と、ミラー４７と、ダイクロイックミラー４８と、窓ガラス４９とを有している。測距光照射系６０は、追尾光照射系４２のロングパスフィルタ４６から窓ガラス４９までの光路が共通となっている。 The tracking light receiving element 52 receives light transmitted through the reflecting surface 51 b of the dichroic prism 51.
[Ranging optics]
The distance measuring optical system 32 includes a distance measuring light irradiation system (measurement projection system) 60 and a distance measuring light receiving system 70. The distance measuring light irradiation system 60 includes a distance measuring / pointer laser light source (first laser light source) 61 that serves both as a distance measuring device and a pointer, and a laser beam emitted from the distance measuring / pointer laser light source 61 (first laser light source 61). A collimator lens 62 for converting the first laser beam into a parallel beam, a beam splitter 63 having a reflectance of about 1%, a long pass filter 46, a mirror 47, a dichroic mirror 48, and a window glass 49. Yes. The distance measuring light irradiation system 60 has a common optical path from the long pass filter 46 of the tracking light irradiation system 42 to the window glass 49.
　ビームスプリッタ６３は、測距/ポインタ用レーザ光源６１から射出されるレーザ光を略１％程度反射させ、略９９％のレーザ光を透過するように設定されている。 The beam splitter 63 is set to reflect approximately 1% of the laser light emitted from the distance measuring / pointer laser light source 61 and transmit approximately 99% of the laser light.
　測距光受光系７０は、窓ガラス４９と、ダイクロイックミラー４８と、対物レンズ５０と、ダイクロイックプリズム５１と、受光絞り７１と、測距用受光素子７２とを有している。 The distance measuring light receiving system 70 includes a window glass 49, a dichroic mirror 48, an objective lens 50, a dichroic prism 51, a light receiving stop 71, and a distance measuring light receiving element 72.
　受光絞り７１は、測距用受光素子７２の受光量を調整する円板７１Ａと、この円板７１Ａを回転させる図示しないモータ等から構成されている。円板７１Ａの回転位置によって受光量を調整するものである。 The light receiving aperture 71 is composed of a disc 71A that adjusts the amount of light received by the ranging light receiving element 72 and a motor (not shown) that rotates the disc 71A. The amount of received light is adjusted by the rotational position of the disc 71A.
　測距光受光系７０は、追尾光受光系４３の窓ガラス４９からダイクロイックプリズム５１の反射面５１ｂまでの光路が共通となっている。１０１は実線の位置（第２位置）と破線の位置（第１位置）に切り換え可能となっているシャッタであり、このシャッタ１０１は第２位置に移動されることによってビームスプリッタ６３を透過したレーザ光を遮光し、第１位置に移動されることによってビームスプリッタ６３で反射したレーザ光を遮光する。
［ポインタ投影光学系］
　ポインタ光投影系１００は、ポインタ光Ｐ（図２参照）を測定対象２に向けて投影するものであり、測距光学系３２の測距光照射系６０を兼用し、測定投影系と同一の構成となっている。 The distance measuring light receiving system 70 has a common optical path from the window glass 49 of the tracking light receiving system 43 to the reflecting surface 51 b of the dichroic prism 51. Reference numeral 101 denotes a shutter that can be switched between a solid line position (second position) and a broken line position (first position). The shutter 101 is moved to the second position to transmit the laser beam through the beam splitter 63. The light is shielded, and the laser beam reflected by the beam splitter 63 is shielded by being moved to the first position.
[Pointer projection optical system]
The pointer light projection system 100 projects the pointer light P (see FIG. 2) toward the measurement object 2, and also uses the distance measurement light irradiation system 60 of the distance measurement optical system 32, and is the same as the measurement projection system. It has a configuration.
　ポインタを投影する場合にはシャッタ１０１を実線位置に移動させ、測距光照射系６０の参照光として使用する場合には鎖線位置へ移動させる。シャッタ１０１が破線位置へ移動されると、ビームスプリッタ６３で反射した略１％の測距/ポインタ用レーザ光源６１のレーザ光が測距用受光素子７２へ参照光として導かれる。測距/ポインタ用レーザ光源６１から射出されるレーザ光の波長は６２０～６８０nmの範囲であればよく、ここでは例えば約６３０nmの波長のレーザ光源を使用し、そのレーザ光をポインタレーザ光（ポインタ光Ｐ）と測距用レーザ光（測距光５）として使用する。なお、ポインタ光Ｐと測距光５（図１参照）とは同一光源でなくてもよい。例えば、測距光が不可視光の光源であってもよい。
［撮像光学系］
　撮像光学系２００は、ポインタ光Ｐが投影された測定対象２を撮像(視準)するものであり、窓ガラス４９と、ダイクロイックミラー４８と、合焦レンズ２０２と、結像レンズ２０３と、撮像素子２０４とを有している。 When the pointer is projected, the shutter 101 is moved to the solid line position, and when it is used as the reference light of the distance measuring light irradiation system 60, it is moved to the chain line position. When the shutter 101 is moved to the position of the broken line, approximately 1% of the laser light from the distance / pointer laser light source 61 reflected by the beam splitter 63 is guided to the distance measuring light receiving element 72 as reference light. The wavelength of the laser light emitted from the distance measuring / pointer laser light source 61 may be in the range of 620 to 680 nm. Here, for example, a laser light source having a wavelength of about 630 nm is used, and the laser light is used as pointer laser light (pointer). Light P) and distance measuring laser light (ranging light 5) are used. The pointer light P and the distance measuring light 5 (see FIG. 1) may not be the same light source. For example, the ranging light may be an invisible light source.
[Imaging optical system]
The imaging optical system 200 images (collimates) the measurement object 2 onto which the pointer light P is projected, and includes a window glass 49, a dichroic mirror 48, a focusing lens 202, an imaging lens 203, and an imaging. Element 204.
　撮像光学系２００の窓ガラス４９からダイクロイックミラー４８までの光路と、測距光受光系７０の窓ガラス４９からダイクロイックミラー４８までの光路とが共通となっている。すなわち、測距光照射系６０の窓ガラス４９からダイクロイックミラー４８までの光路が共通となっている。 The optical path from the window glass 49 of the imaging optical system 200 to the dichroic mirror 48 and the optical path from the window glass 49 of the ranging light receiving system 70 to the dichroic mirror 48 are common. That is, the optical path from the window glass 49 of the distance measuring light irradiation system 60 to the dichroic mirror 48 is common.
　撮像光学系２００の撮像素子２０４上に結像された測定対象２の画像は後述する表示部３０２（図５参照）に表示される。
［制御系］
　図５は測量機１の制御系の構成を示したブロック図である。 The image of the measuring object 2 formed on the image sensor 204 of the imaging optical system 200 is displayed on a display unit 302 (see FIG. 5) described later.
[Control system]
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control system of the surveying instrument 1.
　図５に示す３０１は測量機本体１０（図１参照）の後面に設けられた操作部であり、この操作部３０１には図示しない各種の操作スイッチが設けられている。３０２は撮像素子２０４が撮像した画像を表示する表示部で、この表示部３０２も測量機本体１０の後面に設けられている。または、分離されたタブレット上に表示できるようになっている。 5 is an operation unit provided on the rear surface of the surveying instrument main body 10 (see FIG. 1). The operation unit 301 is provided with various operation switches (not shown). Reference numeral 302 denotes a display unit that displays an image captured by the image sensor 204, and this display unit 302 is also provided on the rear surface of the surveying instrument main body 10. Or it can be displayed on a separate tablet.
　３０３は測量機本体１０を水平回転させる水平駆動部、３０４は鏡筒部１２を垂直回転（水平軸回りに回転）させる鉛直駆動部、３０５は測量機本体１０の水平角を検出する水平角エンコーダ、３０６は鏡筒部１２の鉛直角を検出する鉛直角エンコーダである。 Reference numeral 303 denotes a horizontal driving unit that rotates the surveying instrument main body 10 horizontally, 304 denotes a vertical driving unit that rotates the lens barrel unit 12 vertically (rotates about the horizontal axis), and 305 denotes a horizontal angle encoder that detects the horizontal angle of the surveying instrument main body 10. 306 is a vertical angle encoder for detecting the vertical angle of the lens barrel 12.
　３１０は測距用受光素子７２の受光信号や水平角エンコーダ３０５及び鉛直角エンコーダ３０６の検出信号に基づいて測定対象２までの距離や測角を行う演算制御装置である。また、この演算制御装置３１０は、追尾用受光素子５２の受光信号に基づいて、水平駆動部３０３及び鉛直駆動部３０４を制御して追尾の位置合わせを行ったり、測距/ポインタ用レーザ光源６１,追尾用レーザ光源４４の発光等を制御したり、操作部３０１の操作に基づいて各種の制御を行ったりする。 310 is an arithmetic and control unit that measures the distance to the measurement object 2 and the angle based on the light reception signal of the light receiving element 72 for distance measurement and the detection signals of the horizontal angle encoder 305 and the vertical angle encoder 306. The arithmetic control device 310 controls the horizontal driving unit 303 and the vertical driving unit 304 based on the light reception signal of the tracking light receiving element 52 to perform tracking positioning, or the distance measuring / pointer laser light source 61. The light emission of the tracking laser light source 44 is controlled, and various controls are performed based on the operation of the operation unit 301.
　［動　作］
　次に、上記のように構成される測量機１の動作について説明する。 [Operation]
Next, the operation of the surveying instrument 1 configured as described above will be described.
　先ず、操作部３０１を操作して測定対象２の方向を探索する探索モードを設定する。 First, a search mode for searching the direction of the measuring object 2 is set by operating the operation unit 301.
　測量機１は、水平駆動部３０３及び鉛直駆動部３０４を駆動させて視準の位置合わせを行う。視準が完了すると、測量機１は、測定対象２を追尾する追尾モードに移行する。測量機１は、追尾用レーザ光源４４から追尾用レーザ光を射出させる。 The surveying instrument 1 drives the horizontal driving unit 303 and the vertical driving unit 304 to perform collimation positioning. When the collimation is completed, the surveying instrument 1 shifts to a tracking mode for tracking the measurement object 2. The surveying instrument 1 emits tracking laser light from the tracking laser light source 44.
　この追尾用レーザ光源４４から射出された追尾用レーザ光は、コリメータレンズ４５により平行光束にされ、この平行光束となった追尾用レーザ光（追尾光４）は、ロングパスフィルタ４６を透過するとともにミラー４７で測定対象２に向けて反射され、ダイクロイックミラー４８に達する。追尾用レーザ光は、波長が７５０nm以上なのでダイクロイックミラー４８を透過する。この追尾用レーザ光は測定対象２に向かってダイクロイックミラー４８を透過することになる。この追尾用レーザ光は、さらに窓ガラス４９を透過して測定対象２のコーナーキューブ７に達する。追尾用レーザ光はコーナーキューブ７で反射されて測量機１の窓ガラス４９に入射する。 The tracking laser light emitted from the tracking laser light source 44 is converted into a parallel light beam by the collimator lens 45, and the tracking laser light (tracking light 4) converted into the parallel light beam passes through the long pass filter 46 and is mirrored. 47 is reflected toward the measuring object 2 and reaches the dichroic mirror 48. Since the tracking laser light has a wavelength of 750 nm or more, it passes through the dichroic mirror 48. This tracking laser beam is transmitted through the dichroic mirror 48 toward the measurement object 2. The tracking laser light further passes through the window glass 49 and reaches the corner cube 7 of the measuring object 2. The tracking laser light is reflected by the corner cube 7 and enters the window glass 49 of the surveying instrument 1.
　窓ガラス４９に入射した追尾用レーザ光は、ダイクロイックミラー４８を透過し、対物レンズ５０を介してダイクロイックプリズム５１に入射する。ダイクロイックプリズム５１に入射した追尾用レーザ光は、波長が７９２nmであることにより、ダイクロイックプリズム５１の反射面５１ｂを透過して追尾用受光素子５２に受光される。 The tracking laser light incident on the window glass 49 passes through the dichroic mirror 48 and enters the dichroic prism 51 through the objective lens 50. The tracking laser light incident on the dichroic prism 51 has a wavelength of 792 nm, and therefore passes through the reflecting surface 51 b of the dichroic prism 51 and is received by the tracking light receiving element 52.
　演算制御装置３１０は、追尾用受光素子５２の受光信号に基づいて追尾の位置合わせを行う。追尾の位置合わせでは、受光した追尾用レーザ光の重心位置が追尾用受光素子５２の中心位置（視準中心）となるように位置を合わせる。そして、視準中心になったとき、測量機１は測距・測角を行う測定モードに移行する。 The arithmetic and control unit 310 performs tracking position alignment based on the light reception signal of the tracking light receiving element 52. In the tracking position alignment, the position of the center of gravity of the received tracking laser beam is aligned with the center position (collimation center) of the tracking light receiving element 52. When the collimation center is reached, the surveying instrument 1 shifts to a measurement mode in which ranging and angle measurement are performed.
　測定モードになると、追尾用レーザ光源４４からの追尾用レーザ光の射出は停止され、シャッタ１０１は実線位置へ移動される。そして、ポインタ光投影系１００の測距/ポインタ用レーザ光源６１からポインタ用レーザ光が射出される。この射出されたポインタ用レーザ光はコリメータレンズ６２により平行光束にされ、平行光束となったポインタ用レーザ光は、ビームスプリッタ６３を透過し、ロングパスフィルタ４６で反射され、さらにミラー４７により測定対象２に向けて反射されてダイクロイックミラー４８に達する。 In the measurement mode, the emission of the tracking laser light from the tracking laser light source 44 is stopped, and the shutter 101 is moved to the solid line position. Then, pointer laser light is emitted from the distance measuring / pointer laser light source 61 of the pointer light projection system 100. The emitted pointer laser light is converted into a parallel light beam by the collimator lens 62, and the pointer laser light converted into the parallel light beam is transmitted through the beam splitter 63, reflected by the long pass filter 46, and further measured by the mirror 47. Is reflected toward the dichroic mirror 48.
　ポインタ用レーザ光は６３０nmの波長であり、ダイクロイックミラー４８は６２０～６６０nmの波長の光を透過するので、ポインタ用レーザ光はダイクロイックミラー４８を透過する。 The pointer laser light has a wavelength of 630 nm, and the dichroic mirror 48 transmits light having a wavelength of 620 to 660 nm. Therefore, the pointer laser light passes through the dichroic mirror 48.
　このダイクロイックミラー４８を透過したポインタ用レーザ光は窓ガラス４９を透過して、測定対象２のコーナーキューブ７に達する。ポインタ用レーザ光(ポインタ光Ｐ)は波長が６３０nmであり、明るい赤色の光である。 The pointer laser light that has passed through the dichroic mirror 48 passes through the window glass 49 and reaches the corner cube 7 of the measuring object 2. The pointer laser light (pointer light P) has a wavelength of 630 nm and is bright red light.
　測定対象２のコーナーキューブ７に達したポインタ用レーザ光は、ここで反射して測量機１の窓ガラス４９に入射し、ダイクロイックミラー４８を透過する。 The laser beam for the pointer that has reached the corner cube 7 of the measuring object 2 is reflected here and is incident on the window glass 49 of the surveying instrument 1 and is transmitted through the dichroic mirror 48.
　一方、測定対象２である被写体の光は、測量機１の鏡筒部１２の窓ガラス４９に入射してダイクロイックミラー４８に達する。ダイクロイックミラー４８は、図４に示すように、可視光である４００～６００nmの波長帯の光と６７０～７５０nmの波長帯の光とを反射するので、この可視光は、ダイクロイックミラー４８によって反射されて、合焦レンズ２０２及び結像レンズ２０３を介して撮像素子２０４に達し、撮像素子２０４上に測定対象２の像が結像される。そして、測定対象２の像が表示部３０２に表示される。 On the other hand, the light of the subject that is the measuring object 2 enters the window glass 49 of the lens barrel 12 of the surveying instrument 1 and reaches the dichroic mirror 48. As shown in FIG. 4, the dichroic mirror 48 reflects light having a wavelength band of 400 to 600 nm and light having a wavelength band of 670 to 750 nm, which are visible light, so that the visible light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 48. Thus, it reaches the image sensor 204 via the focusing lens 202 and the imaging lens 203, and an image of the measurement object 2 is formed on the image sensor 204. Then, an image of the measurement object 2 is displayed on the display unit 302.
　図２に示す測量システムにあっても、上記と同様に、測定対象の壁２′に明るい赤色のポインタ光Ｐが投影されるので、オペレータはそのポインタ光Ｐが投影されていることを明瞭に目視することができる。また、図２の測量システムも上記と同様にして測定対象である壁２′の像が表示部３０２に表示されることになる。 Even in the surveying system shown in FIG. 2, since the bright red pointer light P is projected on the wall 2 ′ to be measured, the operator clearly sees that the pointer light P is projected. Visually visible. In the surveying system of FIG. 2, the image of the wall 2 ′ to be measured is displayed on the display unit 302 in the same manner as described above.
　ところで、ダイクロイックミラー４８は、６２０～６６０nmの波長帯の光、すなわち赤色の光を透過するので、撮像素子２０４上に結像される像は赤色が抜けており、このため青味の強い像となる。しかし、ダイクロイックミラー４８は、６７０～７５０nmの波長帯の赤色の光を反射させるので、抜けた赤色を十分にカバーすることになり、像が青味掛ってしまうことを十分に抑制することができる。このため、表示部３０２に表示される画像、すなわち測定対象２や壁２′の画像は自然な色味となり、大変見易いものとなる。 By the way, the dichroic mirror 48 transmits light in a wavelength band of 620 to 660 nm, that is, red light, so that an image formed on the image sensor 204 has a red color, and thus an image with a strong bluish color is obtained. Become. However, since the dichroic mirror 48 reflects red light having a wavelength band of 670 to 750 nm, the dichroic mirror 48 can sufficiently cover the missing red color and sufficiently suppress the image from being bluish. . For this reason, the image displayed on the display unit 302, that is, the image of the measurement object 2 or the wall 2 'has a natural color and is very easy to see.
　以下に、画像が自然な色味となる理由を詳細に説明する。 The following explains in detail why the image has a natural color.
　図６は各色画用紙等のサンプルの拡散反射率（正反射率を含まない）の分光特性を示す。また、図７は撮像素子２０４のＲ，Ｇ，Ｂにおける受光感度の分光特性のグラフＧｒ，Ｇｇ，Ｇｂを示す。そして、図４には、ダイクロイックミラー４８を介在させた場合の撮像素子２０４のＲ，Ｇ，Ｂにおける受光感度の分光特性のグラフＧ２ｒ，Ｇ２ｇ，Ｇ２ｂを示す。 FIG. 6 shows the spectral characteristics of diffuse reflectance (not including regular reflectance) of samples such as color paper. FIG. 7 shows graphs Gr, Gg, and Gb of spectral characteristics of light receiving sensitivity at R, G, and B of the image sensor 204. FIG. 4 shows graphs G2r, G2g, and G2b of spectral characteristics of light receiving sensitivity at R, G, and B of the image sensor 204 when the dichroic mirror 48 is interposed.
　図６に示すように、６２０～６６０nmの範囲の波長帯では、赤色を除いた他の色、例えば緑色及び青色の分光特性のグラフＦｇ，Ｆｂがほぼ一定となっている。赤色は、分光特性のグラフＦｒから分かるように、その波長帯では光強度は大きくなっている。この６２０～６６０nmの範囲の波長帯の光がダイクロイックミラー４８でカットされて撮像素子２０４に受光されることになる。すなわち、赤色は光強度の大きい部分がカットされて、撮像素子２０４に受光されることになる。同様に、緑色及び青色も６２０～６６０nmの範囲の波長帯の光がダイクロイックミラー４８でカットされて撮像素子２０４に受光される。 As shown in FIG. 6, in the wavelength band in the range of 620 to 660 nm, graphs Fg and Fb of spectral characteristics of other colors except red, for example, green and blue, are almost constant. As can be seen from the spectral characteristic graph Fr, the light intensity of red is high in that wavelength band. The light in the wavelength range of 620 to 660 nm is cut by the dichroic mirror 48 and received by the image sensor 204. That is, in red, a portion with high light intensity is cut and received by the image sensor 204. Similarly, for green and blue, light in a wavelength band in the range of 620 to 660 nm is cut by the dichroic mirror 48 and received by the image sensor 204.
　しかし、図４のグラフＧ２ｒに示すように、６７０～７５０nmの波長帯では、赤色の受光感度が大きくなっている。このため、ダイクロイックミラー４８でカットされた６２０～６６０nmの範囲の赤色が補完されるのと同じような状態となる。 However, as shown in the graph G2r in FIG. 4, in the wavelength band of 670 to 750 nm, the red light receiving sensitivity is high. For this reason, the red state in the range of 620 to 660 nm cut by the dichroic mirror 48 is complemented.
　同様に、６７０～７５０nmの波長帯では、緑色及び青色の受光感度があるので、カットされた６２０～６６０nmの範囲の緑色及び青色が補完されるのと同じ状態となる。しかし、６７０～７５０nmの波長帯の青色の受光感度は小さく、このため、青色が補完される量は小さい。 Similarly, in the wavelength band of 670 to 750 nm, since there are green and blue light receiving sensitivities, it becomes the same state that the cut green and blue in the range of 620 to 660 nm are complemented. However, the blue light receiving sensitivity in the wavelength band of 670 to 750 nm is small, and therefore the amount of blue complementation is small.
　このため、撮像素子２０４が撮像する画像は、青味が抑制された自然な色味に近いものとなり、表示部３０２に表示される測定対象２や壁２′の画像は大変見易い画像となる。 For this reason, the image picked up by the image pickup element 204 is close to a natural color with blueness suppressed, and the image of the measurement object 2 and the wall 2 ′ displayed on the display unit 302 is very easy to see.
　このように、ダイクロイックミラー４８は、図６のグラフＦｒ,Ｆｇ,Ｆｂに示すように、赤色の強度が大きく、緑色及び青色の強度が小さい波長帯（６７０～７５０nm）の光を反射させるようにしたものであるから、測定対象２や壁２′の画像は大変見易い画像となる。 Thus, as shown in the graphs Fr, Fg, and Fb of FIG. 6, the dichroic mirror 48 reflects light in a wavelength band (670 to 750 nm) in which the intensity of red is large and the intensity of green and blue is small. Therefore, the image of the measuring object 2 or the wall 2 'is very easy to see.
　この後、測距モードに移行し、シャッタ１０１が破線位置へ移動され、ビームスプリッタ６３で反射した略１％の測距用レーザ光が参照用レーザ光として光ファイバ(図示せず)に導入されて測距用受光素子７２に導かれる。この後、シャッタ１０１は実線位置へ移動され、測距/ポインタ用レーザ光源６１から射出される測距用レーザ光が上記と同様にしてコリメータレンズ６２、ビームスプリッタ６３、ロングパスフィルタ４６、ミラー４７、ダイクロイックミラー４８、窓ガラス４９を介して測定対象２のコーナーキューブ７（図２の測量システムでは壁２′の測定位置）に達し、ここで反射して測量機１の窓ガラス４９に入射し、ダイクロイックミラー４８及び対物レンズ５０を介してダイクロイックプリズム５１へ入射し、上記と同様にして測距用受光素子７２に受光される。 Thereafter, the distance measurement mode is entered, the shutter 101 is moved to the position of the broken line, and approximately 1% of the distance measurement laser light reflected by the beam splitter 63 is introduced as a reference laser light into an optical fiber (not shown). Then, it is guided to the light receiving element 72 for distance measurement. Thereafter, the shutter 101 is moved to the solid line position, and the distance measuring laser light emitted from the distance measuring / pointer laser light source 61 is collimated by the collimator lens 62, the beam splitter 63, the long pass filter 46, the mirror 47, It reaches the corner cube 7 (measurement position of the wall 2 'in the surveying system in FIG. 2) via the dichroic mirror 48 and the window glass 49, and reflects and enters the window glass 49 of the surveying instrument 1 here. The light enters the dichroic prism 51 through the dichroic mirror 48 and the objective lens 50, and is received by the ranging light receiving element 72 in the same manner as described above.
　測距用受光素子７２は、参照用レーザ光と測距用レーザ光とを交互に受光し、演算制御装置３１０の演算部(図示せず)が両者の位相差を求めて測定対象２（壁２′の測定位置２ａ）までの距離を求める。 The ranging light receiving element 72 alternately receives the reference laser beam and the ranging laser beam, and a calculation unit (not shown) of the calculation control device 310 obtains a phase difference between them to measure the object 2 (wall). The distance to the 2 'measuring position 2a) is determined.
　なお、受光絞り７１は参照用レーザ光と測距用レーザ光との光強度が同じとなるように、回転位置によって調整するものである。 The light receiving stop 71 is adjusted according to the rotational position so that the light intensity of the reference laser beam and the distance measuring laser beam are the same.
　演算制御装置３１０は、測定対象２までの距離を求めるとともに、水平角エンコーダ３０５及び鉛直角エンコーダ３０６により水平角及び鉛直角を算出する。 The arithmetic and control unit 310 calculates the horizontal angle and the vertical angle by the horizontal angle encoder 305 and the vertical angle encoder 306 while obtaining the distance to the measuring object 2.
　上記実施例では、ポインタ光Ｐの波長は６２０～６６０nmであり、ダイクロイックミラー４８は、６２０～６６０nmの波長の光に対して、４００～６００nmの波長の光と、６７０～７５０nmの波長の光を分離させているが、図４のグラフに示すように、ポインタ光Ｐの波長は６２０～６６０nmであり、ダイクロイックミラー４８は、６４０～６８０nmの波長の光に対して、４００～６２０nmの波長の光と、６９０～７５０nmの波長の光を分離させるようにしても、上記と同様な効果を得ることができる。 In the above embodiment, the pointer light P has a wavelength of 620 to 660 nm, and the dichroic mirror 48 emits light having a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm and light having a wavelength of 670 to 750 nm with respect to light having a wavelength of 620 to 660 nm. As shown in the graph of FIG. 4, the wavelength of the pointer light P is 620 to 660 nm, and the dichroic mirror 48 is light having a wavelength of 400 to 620 nm with respect to light having a wavelength of 640 to 680 nm. Even if light having a wavelength of 690 to 750 nm is separated, the same effect as described above can be obtained.
　また、上記実施例では、測距光照射系６０、測距光受光系７０、追尾光照射系４２、ポインタ光投影系１００、撮影光学系２００の光軸がそれぞれ一部で同軸となっているが、必ずしも同軸である必要はなく、全ての光軸は非同軸であってもよい。また、ダイクロイックミラー４８はプリズムなどの光学素子であってもよく、ダイクロイックプリズム５１はプリズムでなくてもよい。例えばミラー等の光学素子であってもよい。 In the above embodiment, the optical axes of the ranging light irradiation system 60, the ranging light receiving system 70, the tracking light irradiation system 42, the pointer light projection system 100, and the photographing optical system 200 are partially coaxial. However, it is not always necessary to be coaxial, and all optical axes may be non-coaxial. The dichroic mirror 48 may be an optical element such as a prism, and the dichroic prism 51 may not be a prism. For example, an optical element such as a mirror may be used.
　また、上記実施例では、トータルステーションの測量機１に適用したものについて説明したが、これに限らず、ポインタが投影された測定対象までの距離だけを測定する測量機（測量装置）や、ポインタを投影する３次元レーザスキャナー（測量装置）にも適用できる。 Moreover, although the said Example demonstrated what was applied to the surveying instrument 1 of a total station, it is not restricted to this, The surveying instrument (surveying apparatus) which measures only the distance to the measuring object on which the pointer was projected, a pointer It can also be applied to a three-dimensional laser scanner (surveying device) for projection.
　この発明は、上記実施例に限られるものではなく、請求の範囲の各請求項に係る発明の要旨を逸脱しない限り、設計の変更や追加などは許容される。
関連出願の相互参照
　本出願は、２０１４年９月１０日に日本国特許庁に出願された特願２０１４-１８４２８４に基づいて優先権を主張し、その全ての開示は完全に本明細書で参照により組み込まれる。　 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and design changes and additions are permitted without departing from the gist of the invention according to each claim.
This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-184284 filed with the Japan Patent Office on September 10, 2014, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Is incorporated by

Claims (11)

  1. 　測定対象に赤色のポインタ光を投影するポインタ光投影系と、
    前記ポインタ光が投影された測定対象の位置を測定する測定光学系と、前記測定対象を視準する視準光学系とを備えた測量装置であって、
    　ポインタ光受光系と前記視準光学系の光路の一部を共通にするとともに、前記ポインタ光の波長帯の光とこの波長帯を挟む両側の波長帯の光を分離させる第１ダイクロイック光学素子を配置し、
    　該第１ダイクロイック光学素子は、前記ポインタ光の波長帯を挟む両側の波長帯の光を前記視準光学系の撮像素子に受光させることを特徴とする測量装置。     A pointer light projection system for projecting a red pointer light onto a measurement target;
    A surveying instrument comprising: a measurement optical system that measures the position of a measurement object onto which the pointer light is projected; and a collimation optical system that collimates the measurement object,
    A first dichroic optical element for sharing a part of the optical path of the pointer light receiving system and the collimating optical system and separating the light in the wavelength band of the pointer light and the light in both wavelength bands sandwiching the wavelength band Place and
    The survey apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first dichroic optical element causes the imaging element of the collimating optical system to receive light in both wavelength bands sandwiching the wavelength band of the pointer light.
  2. 　前記測定光学系は、測定光を測定対象に投影する測定光投影系を有し、
    　この測定光投影系は、前記ポインタ光投影系を兼用することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の測量装置。     The measurement optical system has a measurement light projection system that projects measurement light onto a measurement object,
    The surveying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the measurement light projection system also serves as the pointer light projection system.
  3. 　前記測定対象に追尾光を照射する追尾光照射系と、該測定対象で反射した反射追尾光を受光する追尾光受光系とを備え、
    　前記追尾光照射系とポインタ光投影系又は測定光投影系の光路の一部を共通にしたことを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の測量装置。     A tracking light irradiation system for irradiating the measurement target with tracking light; and a tracking light receiving system for receiving reflected tracking light reflected by the measurement target;
    The surveying apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a part of the optical path of the tracking light irradiation system and the pointer light projection system or the measurement light projection system is made common.
  4. 　前記ポインタ光の波長は６２０～６６０nmであり、
    　前記ダイクロイック光学素子は、６２０～６６０nmの波長の光に対して、４００～６００nmの波長の光と、６７０～７５０nmの波長の光を分離させることを特徴とする請求項１ないし請求項３のいずれか１項に記載の測量装置。     The wavelength of the pointer light is 620 to 660 nm,
    4. The dichroic optical element separates light having a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm and light having a wavelength of 670 to 750 nm with respect to light having a wavelength of 620 to 660 nm. The surveying device according to claim 1.
  5. 　前記ポインタ光の波長は、６４０～６８０nmであり、
    　前記第１ダイクロイック光学素子は、６４０～６８０nmの波長の光に対して、４００～６２０nmの波長の光と、６９０～７５０nmの波長の光を分離させることを特徴とする請求項１ないし請求項３のいずれか１項に記載の測量装置。     The wavelength of the pointer light is 640 to 680 nm,
    The first dichroic optical element separates light having a wavelength of 400 to 620 nm and light having a wavelength of 690 to 750 nm with respect to light having a wavelength of 640 to 680 nm. The surveying instrument according to any one of the above.
  6. 　前記ポインタ光投影系は、ポインタ用の第１レーザ光を射出する第１レーザ光源と、第１レーザ光源から射出されるレーザ光を平行光束にするコリメータレンズと、このコリメータレンズによって平行光束にされた第１レーザ光束を反射させるロングパスフィルタと、このロングパスフィルタによって反射された第１レーザ光束を前記測定対象に向けて反射させるミラーと、このミラーで反射された第１レーザ光束を透過させる前記第１ダイクロイック光学素子とを有し、
    　前記追尾光照射系は、追尾用の第２レーザ光を射出する第２レーザ光源と、第２レーザ光源から射出される第２レーザ光を平行光束にするコリメータレンズと、このコリメータレンズで平行光束にされた第２レーザ光束を透過する前記ロングパスフィルタと、このロングパスフィルタを透過した第２レーザ光束を前記測定対象に向けて反射させる前記ミラーと、このミラーで反射した第２レーザ光束が前記測定対象に向かって透過する前記第１ダイクロイック光学素子とを有することを特徴とする請求項３に記載の測量装置。     The pointer light projection system includes a first laser light source that emits a first laser beam for a pointer, a collimator lens that converts the laser light emitted from the first laser light source into a parallel light beam, and a collimated light beam formed by the collimator lens. A long-pass filter that reflects the first laser beam, a mirror that reflects the first laser beam reflected by the long-pass filter toward the measurement object, and the first laser beam that reflects the first laser beam reflected by the mirror. 1 dichroic optical element,
    The tracking light irradiation system includes a second laser light source that emits a second laser light for tracking, a collimator lens that converts the second laser light emitted from the second laser light source into a parallel light beam, and a parallel light beam by the collimator lens. The long-pass filter that transmits the second laser beam that has been transmitted, the mirror that reflects the second laser beam that has passed through the long-pass filter toward the measurement object, and the second laser beam that is reflected by the mirror is the measurement The surveying apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising the first dichroic optical element that transmits toward the object.
  7. 　前記視準光学系は、測定対象である被写体からの光を反射させる前記第１ダイクロイック光学素子と、この第１ダイクロイック光学素子で反射される被写体からの光を入射する合焦レンズ及び結像レンズと、この合焦レンズ及び結像レンズによって結像される測定対象の像を撮像する撮像素子とを有することを特徴とする請求項６に記載の測量装置。 The collimating optical system includes a first dichroic optical element that reflects light from a subject to be measured, a focusing lens and an imaging lens that receive light from the subject reflected by the first dichroic optical element. The surveying apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising: an imaging element that captures an image of a measurement target imaged by the focusing lens and the imaging lens.
  8. 　前記測定光投影系は前記ポインタ光投影系を兼用し、
    　前記測定対象に投影された測定光としての第１レーザ光束の反射光を受光する測定光受光系を備え、
    　該測定光受光系は、前記測定対象で反射された第１レーザ光束の反射光を透過させる前記第１ダイクロイック光学素子と、この第１ダイクロイック光学素子を透過した第１レーザ光束の反射光が入射される対物レンズと、この対物レンズを透過した第１レーザ光束の反射光を反射させる第２ダイクロイック光学素子と、この第２ダイクロイック光学素子で反射される第１レーザ光の反射光を受光する測定用受光素子とを有することを特徴とする請求項６または請求項７に記載の測量装置。     The measurement light projection system also serves as the pointer light projection system,
    A measurement light receiving system for receiving reflected light of the first laser beam as measurement light projected on the measurement object;
    The measurement light receiving system receives the first dichroic optical element that transmits the reflected light of the first laser beam reflected by the measurement object, and the reflected light of the first laser beam that has passed through the first dichroic optical element. Objective lens, a second dichroic optical element that reflects the reflected light of the first laser beam that has passed through the objective lens, and a measurement that receives the reflected light of the first laser light reflected by the second dichroic optical element The surveying device according to claim 6, further comprising: a light receiving element.
  9. 　前記追尾受光光学系は、前記測定対象で反射される第２レーザ光の反射光を透過させる前記第１ダイクロイック光学素子と、この第１ダイクロイック光学素子を透過した第２レーザ光の反射光が入射される前記対物レンズと、この対物レンズを透過した第２レーザ光の反射光を透過させる前記第２ダイクロイック光学素子と、この第２ダイクロイック光学素子を透過した第２レーザ光の反射光を受光する追尾用受光素子とを有することを特徴とする請求項８に記載の測量装置。 The tracking light receiving optical system receives the first dichroic optical element that transmits the reflected light of the second laser light reflected by the measurement target, and the reflected light of the second laser light that has passed through the first dichroic optical element. The objective lens, the second dichroic optical element that transmits the reflected light of the second laser light that has passed through the objective lens, and the reflected light of the second laser light that has passed through the second dichroic optical element. The surveying apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a tracking light receiving element.
  10. 　前記測定光投影系のコリメータレンズとロングパスフィルタとの間に配置され、前記コリメータレンズを透過した第１レーザ光束のうち微小量の第１レーザ光束を前記測定用受光素子に向けて反射させ、残りの第１レーザ光を透過させるビームスプリッタと、
    　このビームスプリッタを透過する第１レーザ光を遮光する第１位置と、前記ビームスプリッタで反射した微小の第１レーザ光を遮光する第２位置とに移動可能なシャッタとを有し、
    　前記シャッタを第１位置に移動させた際に、前記測定用受光素子に受光される微小の第１レーザ光を参照用レーザ光として使用し、第２位置に移動させた際に前記測定用受光素子に測定用の第１レーザ光を受光させ、
    　前記シャッタを第１，第２位置に交互に移動させることによって、前記測定用受光素子に参照用レーザ光と測定用の第１レーザ光とを交互に受光させて測定対象までの距離を測定するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項８または請求項９に記載の測量装置。     A small amount of the first laser light beam, which is disposed between the collimator lens of the measurement light projection system and the long-pass filter and transmitted through the collimator lens, is reflected toward the measurement light receiving element, and the rest A beam splitter that transmits the first laser beam of
    A shutter that is movable to a first position for shielding the first laser light transmitted through the beam splitter and a second position for shielding the minute first laser light reflected by the beam splitter;
    When the shutter is moved to the first position, the minute first laser light received by the measurement light receiving element is used as a reference laser light, and when the shutter is moved to the second position, the measurement light reception is performed. The element receives the first laser beam for measurement,
    By alternately moving the shutter to the first and second positions, the measurement light receiving element alternately receives the reference laser beam and the first measurement laser beam, and measures the distance to the measurement target. The surveying apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the surveying apparatus is configured as described above.
  11. 　前記第２ダイクロイック光学素子と前記測定用受光素子との間に配置され、測定用の第１レーザ光の受光量を調整する受光絞りを設けたことを特徴とする請求項１０に記載の測量装置。 11. The surveying apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising a light receiving diaphragm that is disposed between the second dichroic optical element and the light receiving element for measurement and adjusts the light receiving amount of the first laser light for measurement. .
PCT/JP2015/072373 2014-09-10 2015-08-06 Surveying device WO2016039053A1 (en)

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JP2018146299A (en) * 2017-03-02 2018-09-20 株式会社トプコン Surveying instrument
EP3842740A1 (en) * 2019-12-24 2021-06-30 Topcon Corporation Surveying instrument
EP4134621A1 (en) 2021-08-10 2023-02-15 Topcon Corporation System, device and control method
JP7387803B2 (en) 2018-04-13 2023-11-28 京セラ株式会社 Electromagnetic wave detection device and information acquisition system
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JP2018146299A (en) * 2017-03-02 2018-09-20 株式会社トプコン Surveying instrument
JP7387803B2 (en) 2018-04-13 2023-11-28 京セラ株式会社 Electromagnetic wave detection device and information acquisition system
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