WO2016036277A1

WO2016036277A1 - Device for converting water energy into rotational mechanical energy

Info

Publication number: WO2016036277A1
Application number: PCT/RU2015/000513
Authority: WO
Inventors: Виктор Владимирович СТАНОВСКОЙ; Сергей Матвеевич КАЗАКЯВИЧЮС; Владимир Михайлович КУЗНЕЦОВ; Татьяна Андреевна РЕМНЕВА; Николай Владимирович ЗАХАРКИН; Александр Викторович СТАНОВСКОЙ
Original assignee: ЗАО "Технология маркет"
Priority date: 2014-09-02
Filing date: 2015-08-17
Publication date: 2016-03-10
Also published as: RU2570959C1

Abstract

A device for converting water energy into rotational mechanical energy relates to hydroelectric power generation and can be used in hydroelectric power units of hydroelectric power stations. The device contains a housing (1) having an internal cavity which is in the form of two parallel and intersecting cylindrical chambers (5, 6). The chambers (5, 6) have rotors (7, 8) installed therein. At the center of a fitting (9) there is mounted a streamlined guide (17) which divides a flow of water (18) into two flows. The rotors (7, 8) are in the form of helical gears having meshed curvilinear teeth (11, 12). The profile of the face section of the working portions of the teeth (11) of one of the gears is defined by arcs of circles (14) which are eccentrically offset relative to the gear axis. The mated portions of the teeth of the other gear are defined, in the same cross-sections, by edge portions of cycloidal curves (16). At opposite ends of the housing (1), symmetrically to the chambers (5, 6), inlet and outlet fittings (9, 10) are provided, which are offset in opposite directions from the ends of the rotors (7, 8).

Description

Device for converting water energy into mechanical energy of rotational motion

The invention relates to hydropower and can be used in hydropower plants in a wide range of heads and capacities.

The simplest in design and reliable in operation are devices based on a water wheel with fixed blades. However, such designs work only in the range of low rotational speeds and have an extremely low coefficient of utilization of the energy of the water flow. To increase it, use a circuit with two parallel mounted water wheels rotating in antiphase. Patent FR 2300235 describes a device with two water wheels, the efficiency of which is enhanced by a system of fixed guides of complex shape at the input and output of the device.

WO2008018087 describes a hydraulic installation with two water wheels whose axles are parallel to each other. The wheels are enclosed in a body that repeats the shape of the wheels and forms two chambers. The water supply and discharge pipes are perpendicular to the axles of the wheels and have dimensions that overlap only half of each of the wheels. Thus, water enters the wheel blades facing each other. It does not fall on the opposite blades, since they are closed by the walls of the chamber. The device has large parasitic water leaks, sharply increasing during non-synchronous rotation of the wheels.

A device for converting water energy into rotational energy RU252431 1 is known, in which two identical water wheels are also used. The wheels are located in the housing symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis of the water supply pipe at a distance of the radius of the water wheel. Water enters the blades located between the wheels. In this device, unlike the previous one, to reduce leaks and retain water in the pockets of the water wheel, the end plates of the body are connected by water-retaining elements curved along the radius of the wheel, which together with the body form chambers for the wheels in their working area. In this design, the synchronization of rotation of the wheels is of fundamental importance, since otherwise there will be large water losses between the wheels. Synchronized wheel rotation is provided their kinematic connection with each other through a gear transmission, which complicates and increases the cost of the device.

A device for converting water energy into rotational energy is known, the so-called hydraulic turbine DB RRBelova RU 21 13593, with two rotors with blades moving in the radial direction. The rotors are mounted parallel to each other in the cylindrical chambers of the housing with end caps at a distance from each other equal to the length of the two blades. In this case, the blades completely overlap the gap between the rotors, but do not touch each other during operation. Radially movable blades are mounted in radial guide rotors and move due to the interaction of the pins on the free ends of the blades with the profile grooves on the inner ends of the housing. On the body from opposite sides perpendicular to the plane passing through the axis of rotation of both rotors, two nozzles are made for the inlet and outlet of the water flow. A streamlined guide is installed in the inlet pipe, which divides the water flow into two and directs these flows to the blades located on the outer sides of adjacent rotors. The impact of these flows on the blades causes the rotors to rotate in opposite directions. The description does not indicate the need to synchronize the rotation of the rotors, however, without it, the turbine will work with very large unproductive water losses. The most important drawback of this design is the presence of large friction forces of the moving blades in the radial guides.

Hydroturbine RU 2147078 is also known, in which the movable blades have a curved shape and are pivotally attached to the rotors at one end and slide in the grooves of the covers with the help of pins. The remaining structural elements of this turbine are similar to the previous one. The rotors are mounted parallel to each other in the housing chambers, having the shape of half-cylinders, at a distance from each other equal to two radii of the rotors. Each rotor is made with curved grooves along the longitudinal axis of the rotor, and the shape of these grooves corresponds to the shape of the moving blades. On the body from opposite sides perpendicular to the plane passing through the axis of rotation of both rotors, two nozzles are made for the inlet and outlet of the water flow. A streamlined guide is installed in the inlet pipe, which divides the water flow into two and directs these flows to the blades located on the outer sides of adjacent rotors. In this design for due to the articulation of the movable blades to the rotor, the friction forces between the blades and the rotor are reduced. However, both of the above turbines have a common disadvantage, namely, that they reliably and stably operate only at low rotor speeds, i.e. with small pressures. With increasing speed, the friction of the pins affects the walls of the grooves, which leads to jamming of individual blades and their breakage. Hydroturbines with movable blades have an increased number of parts ensuring the mobility of the blades, and a rather complex design, which reduces the reliability and durability of their work. In addition, in the turbine still significant unproductive losses of water that flows between the guide and the blades along the axis of symmetry of the device, especially without synchronizing the rotation of the rotors.

Thus, the task of creating a simple and reliable device that effectively converts the energy of water into mechanical energy of rotational motion in a wide range of heads and capacities remains relevant. The technical result achieved by the invention is to reduce unproductive losses of water, to expand the range of heads and capacities in which the design works efficiently, as well as to reduce the number of interacting parts, which increases the reliability and durability of the device.

To achieve the specified technical result, the device for converting water energy into rotational energy, like the prototype, contains a housing with an internal cavity, which has the form of two cylindrical-shaped and intersecting chambers. On the opposite sides of the housing symmetrically to the chambers, the inlet and outlet pipes for water are made. Two rotors are installed in the chambers, and a streamlined guide is installed in the center of the inlet pipe, dividing the water flow into two, and directing it to the opposite side walls of the cylindrical chambers. Unlike the prototype, the rotors are made in the form of helical gears with curved teeth that are meshed. Moreover, the profile of the working sections of the teeth of one of the wheels in the end section is outlined by arcs of circles eccentrically offset relative to the axis of the wheel. Mating tooth sections of another wheel in the same sections are outlined by sections of the fronts of cycloidal curves. The inlet and outlet nozzles for water are displaced along the rotors to their ends in opposite directions.

The inlet pipe should be positioned obliquely to a plane passing through the axis of both rotors, so as to direct the flow of water normally to the helical surface of the teeth of the rotors. This will increase the utilization of the kinetic energy of water.

The invention is illustrated in graphic materials.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a device for converting water energy into mechanical energy of rotational motion with nozzles arranged obliquely to a plane in which the axes of both rotors lie.

In FIG. 2 the same, with the upper part of the body removed.

FIG. 3 and 4 schematically illustrate the principle of operation of the device. In FIG. Figure 3 shows the end section of the rotors, for greater clarity, combined in one plane with the sections of the inlet and outlet nozzles located in a different structure in different planes. In FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through the device through both inclined nozzles.

In FIG. 5 shows a real cross section of the device. In FIG. 6 in section along the axes of both rotors shows one of the possible options for connecting the inventive device with electric generators in one unit.

The device is a housing 1 made of lower 2 and upper

3 parts with mounting holes 4 for connecting the parts to each other. In principle, the housing can be made, as in the prototype, of two end caps connected by a shell. The inner part of the housing 1 is a cavity in the form of two parallel chambers 5 and 6 of a cylindrical shape. The cylinders of the chambers intersect with each other, so that in the center of the chamber 5 and 6 are open towards each other. In chambers 5 and 6 are located the rotors 7 and 8, planted in the housing with bearings. The ends of the rotors fit snugly against the end walls of the chambers. An inlet pipe for water 9 is made on top of the housing 1, and an outlet pipe 10 is made at the bottom of the housing. The chambers with rotors 7 and 8 are located symmetrically with respect to each of the pipes 9 and 10.

The rotors 7 and 8 are made in the form of gears with curved teeth 1 1 and 12, which are engaged with each other (see Figs. 2, 3 and 5). The teeth of the rotors have a different shape. The rotor 7 has curved teeth 1 1 in the end section of the gear the wheels have on the working sections 13 the shape of an arc of a circle 14, which is eccentrically offset by a distance D from the axis of rotation of the wheel 1 1. The mating working sections 15 of the teeth 12 of the other wheel in the same end sections are formed by sections of the fronts of the cycloidal curves 16. The cycloidal curves in this case are equidistant epicycloid. A helical profile of the wheels is formed during continuous rotation and axial displacement of these mating profiles 13 and 15. This gearing is called an eccentric - cycloidal or EC gearing (see RU 2416748).

In order for the water flow to affect only the external peripheral teeth of the rotors that are working, a streamlined guide 17 is installed along the axis of the inlet pipe 9 (see Fig. 3). This guide divides the entire stream 18 of water in the pipe 9 into two parts 19 and 20, and directs these flows to the outer teeth of the rotors 7 and 8.

In the longitudinal direction, the nozzles 9 and 10 are offset in opposite directions to the ends of the rotors, as shown in FIG. 4. Such a displacement of the nozzles ensures the supply of water into the space between the helical teeth of the adjacent rotors until the locking contact of the teeth 1 1 and 12. Otherwise, when water is supplied in the center of the chamber, part of the water will fall into the space after the locking contact of the teeth 1 1 and 12, and spill into the outlet pipe without doing useful work.

The axis of the inlet pipe 9 is inclined at an angle a to the plane of the axes of the rotors. The angle a depends on the angle of inclination of the oblique teeth 1 1 and 12 of the rotors 7 and 8 and is selected so that the water flows 19 and 20 formed after the separation of the stream 18 are directed normally to the helical surfaces of the teeth 12 and 13 of the rotors 7 and 8, which increases the dynamic pressure of water on the teeth of the rotors. In this case, the greatest degree of utilization of the kinetic energy of the water flow is achieved. The axis of the outlet pipe 10 can be located at any angle, but from the point of view of minimal changes in the direction of movement of the water flow, it is better to make it coincide with the axis of the inlet pipe 9, as shown in FIG. 4. The rotors 7 and 8 are connected to the output shafts 21 and 22. In the described design, the output shafts are made in one piece with gear rotors 7 and 8. The output shafts are connected to the input shafts with couplings 23 and 24. electric generators 25, 26. It is also possible to use one, more powerful generator. Then the rotation from the shafts 21 and 22 should be transmitted to the generator shaft using an additional gear transmission (it is not shown in the figures).

The use of wheels with mating profiles as rotors (i.e., with profiles forming a gearing), firstly, without installing additional devices, synchronizes the rotation of the rotors, and secondly, creates a permanent locking contact between the rotors in the center of the device. Both of these effects serve to reduce unproductive water leaks.

However, gearing of any profile cannot be used here, since most of them are either very sensitive to skewed wheels (Novikov gearing), or have significant friction losses (involute gearing). In contrast, EC gearing is insensitive to wheel misalignment and inaccuracies in setting the center distance (see Kazakevichyus SM., Stanovskaya V.V., Remneva T.A. et al. Efficiency of the eccentric-cycloidal gearing when changing the center distance of the wheels. Modification of the vertices and tooth cavities // Bulletin of mechanical engineering - 201 1. - Ns3, p. 7-9). In addition, by selecting the parameters of the EC engagement, it is possible to achieve pole engagement, in which the profiles roll over each other, and slip is minimized (see V.V. Stanovskaya, SM. Kazakevicius and others. Pole contact in an eccentric-cycloidal engagement. // Collected Works of the International Symposium "Theory and Practice of Gears" January 21-23, 2014 Izhevsk, pp. 220-226).

The proposed device operates as follows. The flow of water 18 through the inlet pipe 9 is divided into two streams 19 and 20 of the streamlined guide 17. These flows due to the inclination of the inlet pipe are directed at approximately right angles to the helical side surface of the teeth 12 and 13, located to the right and left of the common center of the rotors. The pressure of these water flows creates forces that cause the rotors 7 and 8 to rotate in opposite directions. Since the rotors are connected by gearing, they rotate synchronously, and practically no water leaks in the center of the device between the rotors. The lack of friction between the wheels allows the rotors to rotate at high speeds, and work at high water pressures. As our studies have shown, the proposed design is operable in a very wide range of rotation speeds (up to up to 3000 rpm). Such a rotation speed is quite sufficient for the power of standard generators up to 10 MW.

Thus, the proposed device can replace a whole gamut of hydraulic units of various designs, each of which works effectively in a fairly narrow range of heads and capacities.

Claims

Claim

1. A device for converting water energy into mechanical energy of rotational motion, comprising a housing with two chambers parallel to each other and intersecting cylinders and rotors installed in the chambers, on the opposite sides of the housing symmetrically to the chambers, the inlet and outlet pipes for water are made, in the inlet pipe through a streamlined guide is installed in the center, dividing the water flow into two, characterized in that the rotors are made in the form of gears with curved teeth engaged moreover, the profile of the working sections of the teeth of one of the wheels in the end section is outlined by arcs of circles eccentrically offset relative to the axis of the wheel, the mating sections of the teeth of the other wheel in the same sections are outlined by sections of the fronts of the cycloidal curves, and the inlet and outlet pipes for water are displaced along the axes to the ends of the rotors in opposite directions.

2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the inlet pipe is located obliquely with respect to the plane passing through the axis of both rotors.