WO2016034791A1 - Folding device for forming a corrugation in a corner pieces and method for use of same - Google Patents

Folding device for forming a corrugation in a corner pieces and method for use of same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016034791A1
WO2016034791A1 PCT/FR2015/052263 FR2015052263W WO2016034791A1 WO 2016034791 A1 WO2016034791 A1 WO 2016034791A1 FR 2015052263 W FR2015052263 W FR 2015052263W WO 2016034791 A1 WO2016034791 A1 WO 2016034791A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
corrugation
corner piece
folding
edge
die
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2015/052263
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Olivier Perrot
Antoine PHILIPPE
Philippe Guegan
Original Assignee
Gaztransport Et Technigaz
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaztransport Et Technigaz filed Critical Gaztransport Et Technigaz
Publication of WO2016034791A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016034791A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D13/00—Corrugating sheet metal, rods or profiles; Bending sheet metal, rods or profiles into wave form
    • B21D13/02—Corrugating sheet metal, rods or profiles; Bending sheet metal, rods or profiles into wave form by pressing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F17C2203/0651—Invar
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • F17C2209/232—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations of walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • F17C2270/0113—Barges floating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a folding device for forming a corrugation in a corner piece, in particular for the construction of a sealing membrane of a fluid storage tank, and to a method for using a these measures.
  • the invention relates in particular to the field of tanks, waterproof and thermally insulating, with membranes, for the storage and / or transport of fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.
  • corrugated metal membranes are known for forming sealing barriers for liquefied natural gas storage tanks.
  • the sealing membrane consists of a plurality of metal plates having a series of perpendicular corrugations allowing it to deform under the effect of thermal and mechanical stresses generated by the fluid stored in the tank.
  • a metal membrane constituting a secondary sealing barrier, comprising a plurality of metal plates having corrugations projecting outwardly of the vessel.
  • the secondary sealing barrier is supported by a secondary thermal insulation barrier which is composed of a plurality of insulation blocks held against the bearing structure of the vessel.
  • the insulation blocks of the secondary thermal insulation barrier are separated by interstices within which are inserted the corrugations of the metal plates of the secondary sealing barrier.
  • the metal membrane has corner pieces to ensure continuity of sealing at the corner area between the two walls.
  • An idea underlying the invention is to provide a corner piece that is flexible in order to be deformed under the effect of thermal and mechanical stresses generated by the liquefied natural gas stored in the tank.
  • An idea underlying the invention is also to provide a folding device for forming a corrugation in a corner piece and its method of use.
  • the invention provides a folding device for forming a corrugation in a corner piece having a first and a second plane wings inclined relative to each other and joining at the a level of an edge, the corrugation to be formed being intended to extend in a longitudinal direction secant at the edge from one end to the other of the other of the corner piece so as to allow deformation the corner piece in a transverse direction, parallel to the edge;
  • the corrugation to be formed comprising a first end portion and a second end portion respectively disposed on the first flange and the second flange on either side of the edge and protruding outwardly of the corner piece and a central portion overlapping the edge and protruding inwardly of the corner piece, said central portion extending between the first and the second end portions, in the extension of said first and second end portions, the folding device comprising:
  • the two lower die elements carried by the lower frame and each having a bearing surface, the two bearing surfaces being respectively intended to receive an outer surface of one and the other of the wings of the corner piece; and being inclined relative to each other about a horizontal edge axis corresponding to the edge of the corner piece when the wings of the corner piece are received against the bearing surfaces, the two lower die members each having a groove corresponding respectively to the shape of the one and the other of the first and second end portions of the corrugation;
  • each upper counter-matrix having a surface of clamping parallel to the bearing surface of the associated lower die member and a punch having a shape complementary to the groove of the associated lower die member; each of the two counter-matrices being movable orthogonally to the bearing surface of the associated lower die member between a resting position and a folding position in which the punch of the upper counter-die is engaged within the groove of the lower matrix element associated to form the first and second end portions of the corrugation;
  • a movable upper frame in a vertical direction secant to the edge axis, relative to the lower frame between a rest position and a folding position;
  • an upper die element disposed between the upper counter-matrices, carried by the upper frame, said upper die element having a recess having a shape corresponding to the shape of the central portion of the corrugation;
  • a lower punch disposed between the two lower die members, facing the upper die member, and having a shape complementary to the fingerprint of the upper die member, the lower punch being movably mounted on the lower frame, according to said vertical direction secant to the edge axis, between a low rest position and a high folding position, wherein, when the upper frame is in its folding position, the lower punch is engaged within the imprint of the upper die member to form the central portion of the corrugation.
  • Such a folding device makes it possible to form, in a corner piece, in a single press stroke, a corrugation having end portions protruding outwards and a central portion projecting towards the inside of the piece of angle.
  • a corner piece having a corrugation thus produced has a flexibility to deform under the effect of thermal and mechanical stresses and is particularly suitable for connecting metal plates of a sealing membrane of a vessel having corrugations protruding outwardly of the vessel.
  • such a folding device may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
  • the vertical direction secant to the axis of edge corresponds to the bisector of the angle formed by the two bearing surfaces.
  • the upper counter-matrices are recalled at a distance from the associated lower matrix element, towards their rest position by a return member; and the upper frame is able to bear against the upper counter-matrices during its travel between its rest position and its folding position so that the movement of the upper frame from its rest position to its folding position causes the movement of the upper counter-matrices from their rest position to their folding position.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to simply exert bending forces in two distinct directions respectively orthogonal to one and the other of the wings of the corner piece.
  • the upper counter-matrices each comprise a roller adapted to form a support of the upper frame during its stroke between its rest position and its folding position.
  • the upper counter-matrices are each slidably mounted on the associated lower matrix element via guide tubes, carried by the lower die elements, and sliding in bores in the upper countermatrices.
  • the folding device comprises a plurality of return members each recalling the upper counter-matrix in the direction of its rest position, the return members being compression springs or gas cylinders exerting a return force between the lower matrix element and the associated upper counter matrix.
  • the folding device comprises an actuating mechanism of the lower punch adapted to automatically move the lower punch to its upper folding position when the upper frame moves downward towards its folding position.
  • the mechanism for actuating the lower punch comprises two levers which are each mounted articulated on the lower frame and each comprise:
  • a first end provided with a bearing surface, extending inside the groove of one of the lower die elements and capable of cooperating, in use, with a portion of the corner piece intended to to be folded to form the first or the second extreme portion of the ripple so that the lever pivots when the upper counter-matrix vis-à-vis moves towards its folding position;
  • the upper die element is mounted vertically movable on the upper frame, the upper die element being biased away from the upper frame by a return member.
  • the upper die element comprises, on either side of its fingerprint, a wedge-shaped portion complementary to the shape of the corner piece, said wedge-shaped portion being intended to bear against the edge and against the inner surfaces of the wings of the corner piece when the upper frame is in the folding position.
  • the lower punch comprises a central portion having a cross section of semi-elliptical or triangular shape.
  • the central portion of the lower punch has, along the longitudinal axis of the corrugation to be formed, a concavity.
  • the lower punch comprises two knives arranged longitudinally on either side of the central portion and each having at least one concavity, along the longitudinal axis of the corrugation to be formed.
  • the imprint of the upper die element has a cross section to the axis of the corrugation to form, semi-elliptical or triangular shape.
  • the imprint of the upper die element has, along the longitudinal axis of the corrugation to form a convexity.
  • the upper die element has two counter-knives arranged longitudinally on either side of the cavity and having along the longitudinal axis of the corrugation to form at least one convexity.
  • the invention also provides a method of using such a folding device, to form a corrugation in a corner piece having two flat wings inclined with respect to each other and joining at an edge by means of a folding device mentioned above, the corrugation to be formed being intended to extend in a longitudinal direction from one end to the other of the other of the corner piece so as to allow a deformation of the corner piece in a transverse direction, parallel to the edge; the corrugation to be formed having a first end portion and a second end portion projecting outwardly of the corner piece and a central portion projecting inwardly of the corner piece, said central portion extending between the first and second extreme portions, in the extension of said first and second extreme portions, said method comprising:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a corner piece for the construction of a sealing membrane of a fluid storage tank.
  • Figure 2 is a detailed perspective view of the outer surface of the corner piece of Figure 1, at its edge.
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed perspective view of the inner surface of the corner piece of FIG. 1 at its edge.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view of Figure 1 along a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the corrugation.
  • FIG. 5 is a view of three quarters of the corner piece of FIG. 1 cut along a longitudinal plane passing through the axis of the corrugation.
  • FIG. 6 is a three-quarter view of the corner piece of FIG. 1 cut along a transverse plane passing through the edge of the corner piece.
  • Figures 7, 8 and 9 illustrate the folding device respectively in a high rest position, an intermediate position of contact with the corner piece and a bending position, end of stroke.
  • Figures 10, 14 and 18 are front views of the folding device respectively in its upper rest position, in its intermediate position of contact with the corner piece and in its folding position, end of stroke.
  • FIGS. 11, 15 and 19 are lateral views of the folding device respectively in its high rest position, in its intermediate position of contact with the corner piece and in its folding position, at the end of the run.
  • Figures 12, 16 and 20 are sectional views respectively along the planes XII-XII, XVI-XVI and XX-XX of Figures 11, 15 and 19.
  • FIGS. 13, 17 and 21 are cross-sectional views respectively according to plans XIII-XIII, XVII-XVII and XXI-XXI of FIGS. 10, 14 and 18.
  • FIG. 22 is a detailed view of three quarters of the bottom of the folding device in section along the plane XII-XII of FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 23 is a detailed three-quarter-top view of the folding device in section along the plane XII-XII of FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 24 is a cutaway schematic representation of a vessel of a LNG carrier and a loading / unloading terminal of this vessel.
  • Figures 1 to 6 illustrate an angle piece 1 for the construction of a sealing membrane of a fluid storage tank. Such a corner piece 1 is intended to connect two adjacent walls of a sealing membrane at the angle formed between the two walls.
  • the corner piece 1 is obtained by folding a metal sheet.
  • the metal sheet may especially be made of stainless steel, aluminum, Invar ®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose expansion coefficient is typically between 1, 2.10 “6 and 2.10 “ 6 K “1 , or in a strong iron alloy manganese content whose expansion coefficient is of the order of 7.10 "6 K “ 1 .
  • Invar ® that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose expansion coefficient is typically between 1, 2.10 “6 and 2.10 “ 6 K “1 , or in a strong iron alloy manganese content whose expansion coefficient is of the order of 7.10 "6 K “ 1 .
  • other metals or alloys are also possible.
  • the metal sheet 1 has a thickness of about 0.7 mm. Other thicknesses are also possible, knowing that a thickening of the sheet metal causes an increase in its cost and generally increases the rigidity of the corrugations.
  • the corner piece 1 comprises a first and a second plane wings 2, 3 inclined relative to each other and joining at an edge 4.
  • the projecting angle formed between the two wings is of 135 ° order in the embodiment shown. However, the angle may be different, of the order of 90 °, for example, when the two adjacent walls to be connected are perpendicular, or more generally between 90 ° inclusive and 180 ° excluded.
  • Each wing 2, 3 has a rectangular parallelepipedal shape and thus comprises two opposite parallel lateral edges 5, 6 and an end edge 7 opposite to the other wing 2, 3.
  • the corner piece 1 comprises a corrugation 8 conferring flexibility to deform under the effect of thermal and mechanical stresses generated by the liquefied natural gas stored in the tank.
  • the corrugation 8 extends in a longitudinal direction, secant at the edge 4, from one end to the other of the corner piece 1.
  • the corrugation 8 thus extends parallel to the opposite side edges 5, 6 of the wings 2, 3.
  • the corrugation 8 thus allows the corner piece to deform in a transverse direction, parallel to the edge 4.
  • the corrugation 8 can be divided into three portions, a first end portion 8a, formed in the first flange 2, a second end portion 8b formed in the second flange 3 and a central portion 8c extending between the first and the second extreme portions 8a, 8b in the extension thereof.
  • the first end portion 8a extends from the free edge 7 of the first flange 2 towards the edge 4.
  • the second end portion 8b extends from the free edge 7 of the second flange 3, in the direction of the edge 4.
  • the first and the second end portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation project outwardly from the corner piece 1, that is to say towards the outside of the projecting angle formed between the two wings 2, 3.
  • the end portions 8a, 8b have a triangular profile.
  • the end portions 8a, 8b have a semi-circular profile. elliptical.
  • the depth of the extreme portions 8a, 8b is constant over their entire length. For example, the end portions have a depth of between 10 and 60 mm depending on the intended applications.
  • the central portion 8c of the corrugation 8 extends between the two wings 2, 3, in the extension of the end portions 8a, 8b and overlaps the edge 4.
  • the central portion 8c protrudes towards the inside of the piece angle 1, that is to say towards the inside of the projecting angle formed between the two wings 2, 3.
  • the central portion 8c is intended to protrude towards the inside of the tank, when the piece angle 1 is in position, within the vessel.
  • the central portion 8 has a substantially triangular shape profile, as shown in Figure 6. However, according to another embodiment not shown, the central portion 8 has a semi-elliptical profile.
  • the height of the central portion 8c of the corrugation is increasing by going from each of its ends towards its median section.
  • the term "middle section" of the central portion the section of the central portion along a bisecting plane passing through the edge 4 and cutting the angle formed between the two wings 2, 3 in two equal angles.
  • the height of the central portion 8c at its central section is substantially equal to the depth of the end portions 8a, 8b.
  • the central portion 8c, projecting inwards is bordered on either side of the longitudinal axis of the corrugation 8 by corrugations 9a, 9b, projecting towards the outside of the corner piece 1.
  • the fold lines of the corrugations 9a, 9b extend on either side of the central portion 8c from the ridge line of the end portions 8a, 8b .
  • the depth of the corrugations 9a, 9b decreases towards the edge 4 so that the corrugations 9a, 9b are interrupted before the axis of the edge 4.
  • Such a configuration of the end portions 8a, 8b, the central portion 8c and the corrugations 9a, 9b provides a geometric configuration of the corner piece 1 which is expandable in plan in the form of a rectangular piece.
  • the configuration of the corner piece 1 in the corrugation zone 8 is such that the aforementioned forms do not cause any change in the length of material of the metal sheet and therefore no modification. the thickness of the metal sheet.
  • the central portion 8c of the corrugation 8 has a series of waves transverse to the longitudinal direction of the corrugation 8. It can be seen in FIG. 4 that the peak line 10 of the central ripple has a series of waves.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to impart a flexibility to the corner piece 1 in the longitudinal direction of the corrugation 8 so as to allow a slight pivoting of the wings 2, 3 relative to each other around the ridge 4 and thus allow a slight variation of the angle formed between the two wings 2, 3.
  • the corner piece 1, as described above, is intended for the construction of a storage tank as described in the document W014057221.
  • the general structure of such a tank is well known and has a polyhedral shape.
  • the wall of the tank comprises, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a supporting structure, a secondary thermal insulation barrier comprising insulation blocks held against the supporting structure and anchored to it by bodies retaining membrane, a secondary sealing membrane carried by the insulation blocks of the secondary thermal insulation barrier, a primary thermal insulation barrier comprising insulation blocks, anchored to the secondary waterproofing membrane by means of primary retaining members and a primary sealing membrane carried by the insulation blocks of the primary thermal insulation barrier and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank.
  • the supporting structure may in particular be a self-supporting metal sheet or, more generally, any type of rigid partition having suitable mechanical properties.
  • the supporting structure may in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship.
  • the carrying structure comprises a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the tank.
  • the secondary sealing barrier has a plurality of metal plates. Each metal plate has at least two orthogonal corrugations protruding outwardly of the vessel.
  • the insulation blocks of the secondary thermal insulation barrier have a rectangular parallelepipedal shape and are juxtaposed in parallel rows. According to one embodiment, the insulation blocks of the secondary thermal insulation barrier separated from each other by interstices inside which are inserted the corrugations of the metal plates. According to another mode of realization, the insulation blocks of the secondary thermal insulation barrier have, on their inner surface, slots within which are inserted the corrugations of the metal plates.
  • corner pieces 1 At an angle zone between two adjacent walls, corner pieces 1, as described above, are arranged such that their corrugation 8 is in the extension of the corrugations of the adjacent metal plates of the wall. one and the other of the walls.
  • the corner pieces 1 are connected to the adjacent metal plates, by welding, to ensure a continuity of sealing at the corner area.
  • the end portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation 8 of the corner pieces 1 protrude outwardly of the vessel while the central portion 8c protrudes inwardly of the vessel.
  • the end portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation typically have a depth of the order of 10 to 25 mm.
  • the corner piece 1 is intended for the construction of specific areas of a primary sealing membrane of a storage tank, as described in the document FR2691520 or FR2984454, for example.
  • a primary waterproofing membrane is known under the designation "Mark III”.
  • This primary waterproofing membrane has a plurality of corrugated metal plates welded to each other. Each metal plate has at least two orthogonal corrugations which project from the side of the internal face of the metal plate intended to be brought into contact with the fluid contained in the tank.
  • the corner piece 1 can be used in a zone of interruption of the primary sealing membrane at a dome formed in a wall of the tank.
  • Such domes are referred to as “liquid dome” when they serve as a point of entry for equipment for filling the tank and as a “gas dome” when used for the extraction of natural gas in the vapor phase.
  • Such corner pieces can also be used in an area of interruption of the sealing membrane at a sump structure for housing a pump unloading the tank.
  • the projecting angle of the corner piece 1 is directed towards the outside of the tank.
  • the extreme portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation 8 corner pieces 1 project inwardly of the vessel while the central portion 8c protrudes outwardly of the vessel.
  • the end portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation typically have a depth of the order of 40 to 60 mm and the projecting angle formed between the two wings of the corner piece is of the order of 90 °.
  • a folding device for forming the corrugation 8 in a corner piece 1, as described above, and its method of use will now be described in connection with FIGS. 7 to 23.
  • the orientation “Longitudinal” of the folding device is directed in the longitudinal direction of the corrugation to be formed and the "transverse” orientation is directed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the corrugation to be formed.
  • a metal sheet is folded beforehand so as to form the two plane wings 2, 3 inclined with respect to one another.
  • the corrugation 8 is formed in the corner piece by means of the folding device 11 as described below.
  • the folding device 1 1 comprises a lower frame 12 and an upper frame 13 mounted vertically movable relative to the lower frame 12.
  • the upper frame 13 is movable between a high rest position and a bending position of the sheet in which it it is deformed to form the corrugation 8.
  • the upper frame 13 is thus able to exert on the corner piece 1 a pressure allowing the folding of the metal sheet and the formation of the corrugation 8.
  • the upper frame 13 is illustrated in its rest position in FIGS. 7 and 10 to 13 and in its folding position in FIGS. 9 and 18 to 21.
  • the upper frame 13 here carries stop fingers 49 bearing against the lower frame 12 in order to define the end of travel of the upper frame 13.
  • the stop fingers 49 are shown in the alignment of the edge 4 but can be positioned differently.
  • the upper frame 13 is also shown in an intermediate position of contact with the corner piece 1, just before the formation of the corrugation 8 begins, in FIGS. 8 and 14 to 17.
  • the lower frame 12 supports two lower die members 14, 15, disposed on either side of a median transverse plane.
  • the lower die members 14, 15 each have a bearing surface 17 for receiving the outer surface of the wings 2, 3 of the corner piece 1.
  • the bearing surfaces 17 are inclined about an axis horizontal edge which coincides with the edge 4 of the corner piece 1 when the wings 2, 3 of the corner piece 1 are received against the bearing surfaces 17.
  • the inclination of the bearing surfaces 17 is oriented such that the inside of the corner piece 1 is directed upwards, towards the upper frame 13, when the corner piece 1 is positioned against the lower die members 14, 15. bearing surfaces are symmetrical with respect to a median vertical transverse plane.
  • the lower matrix elements 14, 15 comprise a groove 18 forming an imprint corresponding to the shape of the corrugation 8 to be formed at its end portions 8a, 8b.
  • the grooves 18 extend in the longitudinal direction and have a section of triangular shape, in the embodiment shown, or semi-elliptical, in an embodiment not shown.
  • the folding device 11 also comprises two upper counter-matrices 19, 20 which are each associated with a lower die element 14, 15 and arranged opposite the - this.
  • the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 each comprise a clamping surface 21 parallel to the bearing surface 17 of the associated lower die element 14, 15.
  • the clamping surfaces 21 are intended to press the wings 2, 3 of the corner piece 1 against the bearing surface 17 of the lower die member 14, 15 vis-à-vis when the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 are in a folding position.
  • the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 each comprise a punch 22, illustrated in Figure 1 1, having a shape complementary to that of the groove 18 of the lower die element 14, 15 associated.
  • the two upper counter-matrices 19, 20 are each mounted movably on the lower matrix element 14, 15 associated in a direction orthogonal to the bearing surface 17 of said matrix element 14, 15.
  • the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 are thus movable between a high rest position, illustrated in Figures 10, 11 and 12, and a folding position, illustrated in Figures 18, 19 and 20, wherein their punch 22 is engaged within the groove 18 of the lower die member 14, 15 facing each other, so as to press the metal sheet and form the end portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation 8.
  • Each upper counter matrix 19, 20 is slidably mounted on its respective lower die element 14, 15 via a guiding device, illustrated in particular in FIGS. 10 and 11, comprising a plurality of guide tubes 23 integral with the lower die element 14, 15.
  • the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 comprise bores which are each engaged around one of said guide tubes. 23 to guide the movement of the upper countermatrices 19, 20 relative to the associated lower die member 14, 15.
  • each lower die member 14, 15 has four guide tubes 23 disposed near the four corners of the lower die member 14, 15.
  • compression springs 24 or gas cylinders are arranged between each lower die element 14, 15 and the associated upper counter matrix 19, 20.
  • the compression springs 24 comprise a first end housed in a blind hole, not shown, formed in a lower die member 14, 15 and a second end housed in a blind hole, not shown, provided in the upper counter-die 19, 20 vis-à-vis.
  • the compression springs 24 or the gas cylinders thus exert on the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 a return force which tends to return them to their rest position.
  • each lower counter-matrix 19, 20 carries a roller 25 mounted to rotate about a horizontal axis 26 extending in the transverse direction.
  • the axis of the roller 26 is carried by a roller holder 27 fixed on the lower counter-matrix 19, 20 and having two lateral wings which support the axis of the roller 26 and between which is disposed the roller 25.
  • the roller 25 is able to form a support of the upper frame 13 during its race between its rest position and its folding position, as shown in Figures 14 and 16.
  • the upper frame 13 bears against the rollers 25 so as to move the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 from their rest position to their folding position.
  • the presence of the rollers 25 limits the frictional forces exerted between the upper frame 13 and the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 when the upper frame 13 bears on the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 to move them. towards their folding position.
  • the folding device 11 also comprises a lower punch 28 carried by the frame 12 and 15, and an upper die member 29 carried by the upper frame 13.
  • the lower punch 28 and the upper die member 29 allow the formation of the central portion 8c of undulation.
  • the upper die element 29 has an impression 30 corresponding to the shape of the corrugation 8 in its central portion 8c and the lower punch 28 has a shape 31 complementary to that of the imprint 30 of the upper die member 29.
  • the upper die member 29 is mounted vertically movable on the upper frame 13 via a guide device.
  • the guide device comprises two vertical guide tubes 32 fixed to the upper frame 13, and the upper die member 29 has bores which are engaged around said guide tubes 32 to guide the movement of the upper die member 29 relative to the upper frame 13.
  • retaining plates 33 having a diameter greater than the bores of the upper die member 29, are fixed to the lower end of the guide tubes 32 and thus allow the element to be retained.
  • compression springs 34 exert an elastic force between the upper frame 13 and the upper die member 29.
  • the compression springs 34 comprise a first end housed in a blind hole, formed in the upper frame 13 and a second end housed in a blind hole formed in the upper die member 29.
  • the upper die member 29 has, on either side of its fingerprint 30, wedge-shaped portions 35 having a shape complementary to the shape of the corner piece 1.
  • the corner-shaped portions 35 have an angle substantially identical to the angle of the corner piece 1 and comprise two inclined surfaces 36, 37, one of which 36 is intended to come against an inner surface of one of the wings 2 , 3 of the corner piece and the other is intended to come against an inner surface of the other of the wings 2, 3, when the upper frame 13 moves to its folding position.
  • the lower punch 28 is movably mounted on the lower frame 12 between a low rest position, shown in Figures 10, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 17 and an upper folding position, shown in Figures 18, 20 and 21. .
  • the folding device In order to move the lower punch 28 to its upper folding position, the folding device is equipped with an actuating mechanism, illustrated in Figures 12, 16 and 20, which is adapted to move the lower punch 28 upwardly. towards its upper folding position, when the upper frame 13 moves down towards its folding position.
  • an actuating mechanism illustrated in Figures 12, 16 and 20, which is adapted to move the lower punch 28 upwardly. towards its upper folding position, when the upper frame 13 moves down towards its folding position.
  • the actuating mechanism comprises two levers 38, 39.
  • the levers 38, 39 are mounted articulated on the lower frame 12 about a horizontal transverse axis of rotation 40, 41.
  • the levers 38, 39 each have a first end 42 passing through an opening in the lower die members 14, 15 and opening into the groove 18 of said lower die members 14, 15.
  • the first end 42 of each lever 38, 39 is intended to cooperate, in operation with a portion of the metal sheet to be folded by the punch 22 of the upper counter-matrix 19, 20 vis-à-vis.
  • the levers 38, 39 have a second end 43 cooperating with the lower punch 28 to move it.
  • the first end 42 of the levers carries a contact piece 44 which is, on the one hand, articulated on the first end 42 of the levers via a ball joint and, on the other hand, has a flat bearing sole intended to cooperate with the corner piece 1.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to obtain a contact surface between the lever 38, 39 and the constant corner piece 1 during the pivoting of the levers 38, 39.
  • the second end 43 of the levers 38, 39 is inserted inside a housing 45 of the lower punch 28.
  • the housing 45 has an upper flange 46 so that when the levers 38, 39 pivot, they exert on the upper flange 46 a force tending to move the lower punch 28 upwards.
  • the levers 38, 39 are symmetrical with respect to each other, with respect to a transverse median plane.
  • the levers 38, 39 therefore pivot in opposite directions of rotation which ensures a balancing of efforts.
  • the upper frame 13 In operation, when the upper frame 13 moves from its high rest position to its folding position, the upper frame 13 will pass through a intermediate contact position, illustrated in Figure 14, until before the folding begins. In this position, the upper frame 13 is supported on the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 which are themselves in contact with the wings 2, 3 of the corner piece 1. Moreover, the corner 35 of the element upper die 29 plates the corner piece 1 at its angle.
  • the impression 30, illustrated in Figure 22, has a cross section of substantially triangular or semi-elliptical shape. Furthermore, the impression 30 has in section along a longitudinal plane a slight convexity to form a wave transverse to the longitudinal direction of the corrugation 8, at its central portion 8c. Furthermore, the upper die element 29 comprises, longitudinally, on either side of the footprint 30 of the counter-knives 47, blade-shaped, extending in the longitudinal direction and intended to bear against the wings 2, 3 of the corner piece 1. The counter-knives 47 also have a convexity directed downwards to form waves transverse to the longitudinal direction of the corrugation 8 at its central portion 8c.
  • the lower punch 28, illustrated in FIG. 23, has a shape 31 complementary to the shape of the cavity 30 of the upper die element 29.
  • the lower punch 28 has, in a central part, a section transversely of substantially triangular or semi-elliptical shape.
  • the lower punch 28 has in section along a longitudinal plane a slight concavity.
  • the lower punch 28 comprises knives 48, in the shape of a blade, arranged opposite the counter-knives 47 and intended to deform the corner piece at the level of the ends of its central portion 8c.
  • a metal sheet is previously bent to form a corner piece 1 having two flanges 2, 3 inclined relative to each other around an edge 4.
  • the corner piece 1 thus produced is positioned against the lower die elements 14, 15.
  • the projecting angle of the corner piece is directed towards the upper frame 13 so that the outer surfaces of the wings 2, 3 rest against the bearing surfaces 17 of the lower die elements 14, 15.
  • the upper frame 13 When the corner piece 1 has been correctly positioned, the upper frame 13 is moved downwards from its rest position, illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 10 to 13. During its movement towards its end position the upper frame 13 bears against the upper countermatrices 19, 20 (see FIGS. 14 and 16) in order to move it to their folding position and the wedge-shaped portions 35 of the upper die member 29 come into contact with each other. press against the inner surface of the corner piece 1, in its corner area (see Figures 14 and 17).
  • the metal sheet exerts a force on the actuating levers 38, 39 of the lower punch 28 so that it moves to its upper folding position and engages inside the imprint 30 of the upper die member 29 so as to form the central portion 8c of the corrugation 8 (see Figure 20).
  • the folding device and its use have been described in connection with a particular embodiment, it is obvious that they are in no way limited thereto.
  • the folding device illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 23 is intended to form a corrugation in a corner piece having an angle of the order of 135 °, it can be easily modified to form a corrugation in a corner piece having any other angle, and in particular 90 °.
  • a cutaway view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
  • loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
  • FIG. 24 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
  • the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
  • the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges of LNG carriers .
  • a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
  • the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the installation on land 77 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG tanker 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

Abstract

The invention relates to a folding device (11) for forming a corrugation in a corner piece (1), comprising: a lower frame (12); two lower die elements (14, 15) borne by the lower frame (12) and each comprising a support surface (17), two upper counter dies (19, 20) which are respectively associated with one or the other of the two lower die elements (14, 15) and arranged facing the associated lower die element, each upper counter die (19, 20) comprising a gripping surface (21) parallel to the support surface (17) of the associated lower die element (14, 15); a moving upper frame (13); an upper die element (29), arranged between the upper counter dies (19, 20), and a lower punch arranged between the two lower die elements (14, 15), facing the upper die element (29).

Description

DISPOSITIF DE PLIAGE POUR FORMER UNE ONDULATION DANS UNE PIECE D'ANGLE ET METHODE D'UTILISATION  FOLDING DEVICE FOR FORMING CORRUGATION IN AN ANGLE PIECE AND METHOD OF USE
Domaine technique  Technical area
L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de pliage pour former une ondulation dans une pièce d'angle, notamment destinée à la construction d'une membrane d'étanchéité d'une cuve de stockage de fluide, et à une méthode d'utilisation de ce dispositif.  The invention relates to a folding device for forming a corrugation in a corner piece, in particular for the construction of a sealing membrane of a fluid storage tank, and to a method for using a these measures.
L'invention se rapporte notamment au domaine des cuves, étanches et thermiquement isolantes, à membranes, pour le stockage et/ou le transport de fluide, tel qu'un fluide cryogénique.  The invention relates in particular to the field of tanks, waterproof and thermally insulating, with membranes, for the storage and / or transport of fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.
Arrière-plan technologique  Technological background
Dans l'état de la technique, il est connu des membranes métalliques ondulées destinées à former des barrières d'étanchéité pour des cuves de stockage de gaz naturel liquéfié. La membrane d'étanchéité est constituée d'une pluralité de plaques métalliques présentant des séries d'ondulations perpendiculaires lui permettant de se déformer sous l'effet des sollicitations thermiques et mécaniques générées par le fluide emmagasiné dans la cuve.  In the state of the art, corrugated metal membranes are known for forming sealing barriers for liquefied natural gas storage tanks. The sealing membrane consists of a plurality of metal plates having a series of perpendicular corrugations allowing it to deform under the effect of thermal and mechanical stresses generated by the fluid stored in the tank.
Dans le document FR 2 996 520, il est décrit une membrane métallique, constituant une barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, comportant une pluralité de plaques métalliques comportant des ondulations faisant saillie vers l'extérieur de la cuve. La barrière d'étanchéité secondaire est supportée par une barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire qui est composée d'une pluralité de blocs d'isolation retenus contre la structure porteuse de la cuve. Les blocs d'isolation de la barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire sont séparés par des interstices à l'intérieur desquels sont insérées les ondulations des plaques métalliques de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire.  In FR 2 996 520, there is described a metal membrane, constituting a secondary sealing barrier, comprising a plurality of metal plates having corrugations projecting outwardly of the vessel. The secondary sealing barrier is supported by a secondary thermal insulation barrier which is composed of a plurality of insulation blocks held against the bearing structure of the vessel. The insulation blocks of the secondary thermal insulation barrier are separated by interstices within which are inserted the corrugations of the metal plates of the secondary sealing barrier.
A la jonction entre deux parois de la membrane métallique, la membrane métallique comporte des pièces d'angle permettant d'assurer la continuité de l'étanchéité au niveau de la zone d'angle entre les deux parois.  At the junction between two walls of the metal membrane, the metal membrane has corner pieces to ensure continuity of sealing at the corner area between the two walls.
Résumé Une idée à la base de l'invention est de proposer une pièce d'angle qui soit flexible afin de pouvoir se déformer sous l'effet des sollicitations thermiques et mécaniques générées par le gaz naturel liquéfié emmagasiné dans la cuve. Une idée à la base de l'invention est également de proposer un dispositif de pliage pour former une ondulation dans une pièce d'angle et sa méthode d'utilisation. summary An idea underlying the invention is to provide a corner piece that is flexible in order to be deformed under the effect of thermal and mechanical stresses generated by the liquefied natural gas stored in the tank. An idea underlying the invention is also to provide a folding device for forming a corrugation in a corner piece and its method of use.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit un dispositif de pliage destiné à la formation d'une ondulation dans une pièce d'angle comportant une première et une seconde ailes planes inclinées l'une par rapport à l'autre et se rejoignant au niveau d'une arête, l'ondulation à former étant destinée à s'étendre selon une direction longitudinale sécante à l'arête d'un bout à l'autre de l'autre de la pièce d'angle de sorte à permettre une déformation de la pièce d'angle selon une direction transversale, parallèle à l'arête ; l'ondulation à former comportant une première portion extrême et une seconde portion extrême disposées respectivement sur la première aile et sur la seconde aile de part et d'autre de l'arête et saillantes vers l'extérieur de la pièce d'angle et une portion centrale chevauchant l'arête et saillante vers l'intérieur de la pièce d'angle, ladite portion centrale s'étendant entre la première et la seconde portions extrêmes, dans le prolongement desdites première et seconde portions extrêmes, le dispositif de pliage comportant:  According to one embodiment, the invention provides a folding device for forming a corrugation in a corner piece having a first and a second plane wings inclined relative to each other and joining at the a level of an edge, the corrugation to be formed being intended to extend in a longitudinal direction secant at the edge from one end to the other of the other of the corner piece so as to allow deformation the corner piece in a transverse direction, parallel to the edge; the corrugation to be formed comprising a first end portion and a second end portion respectively disposed on the first flange and the second flange on either side of the edge and protruding outwardly of the corner piece and a central portion overlapping the edge and protruding inwardly of the corner piece, said central portion extending between the first and the second end portions, in the extension of said first and second end portions, the folding device comprising:
- un bâti inférieur ;  - a lower frame;
- deux éléments de matrice inférieurs portés par le bâti inférieur et comportant chacun une surface d'appui, les deux surfaces d'appui étant respectivement destinées à recevoir une surface extérieure de l'une et l'autre des ailes de la pièce d'angle et étant inclinées l'une par rapport à l'autre autour d'un axe d'arête horizontal correspondant à l'arête de la pièce d'angle lorsque les ailes de la pièce d'angle sont reçues contre les surfaces d'appui, les deux éléments de matrice inférieurs comportant chacun une rainure correspondant respectivement à la forme de l'une et l'autre des première et seconde portions extrêmes de l'ondulation ; two lower die elements carried by the lower frame and each having a bearing surface, the two bearing surfaces being respectively intended to receive an outer surface of one and the other of the wings of the corner piece; and being inclined relative to each other about a horizontal edge axis corresponding to the edge of the corner piece when the wings of the corner piece are received against the bearing surfaces, the two lower die members each having a groove corresponding respectively to the shape of the one and the other of the first and second end portions of the corrugation;
- deux contre-matrices supérieures qui sont respectivement associées à l'un et l'autre des deux éléments de matrice inférieurs et disposées en vis-à-vis de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé, chaque contre-matrice supérieure comportant une surface de serrage parallèle à la surface d'appui de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé et un poinçon présentant une forme complémentaire à la rainure de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé; chacune des deux contre-matrices supérieures étant mobile orthogonalement à la surface d'appui de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé entre une position de repos et une position de pliage dans laquelle le poinçon de la contre-matrice supérieure est engagé à l'intérieur de la rainure de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé de manière à former la première et la seconde portions extrêmes de l'ondulation ; two upper counter-matrices which are respectively associated with one and the other of the two lower matrix elements and arranged vis-à-vis the associated lower matrix element, each upper counter-matrix having a surface of clamping parallel to the bearing surface of the associated lower die member and a punch having a shape complementary to the groove of the associated lower die member; each of the two counter-matrices being movable orthogonally to the bearing surface of the associated lower die member between a resting position and a folding position in which the punch of the upper counter-die is engaged within the groove of the lower matrix element associated to form the first and second end portions of the corrugation;
- un bâti supérieur mobile, selon une direction verticale sécante à l'axe d'arête, par rapport au bâti inférieur entre une position de repos et une position de pliage ;  - A movable upper frame, in a vertical direction secant to the edge axis, relative to the lower frame between a rest position and a folding position;
- un élément de matrice supérieur, disposé entre les contre-matrices supérieures, porté par le bâti supérieur, ledit élément de matrice supérieur comportant une empreinte présentant une forme correspondant à la forme de la portion centrale de l'ondulation; et  an upper die element, disposed between the upper counter-matrices, carried by the upper frame, said upper die element having a recess having a shape corresponding to the shape of the central portion of the corrugation; and
- un poinçon inférieur disposé entre les deux éléments de matrice inférieurs, en vis- à-vis de l'élément de matrice supérieur, et présentant une forme complémentaire à l'empreinte de l'élément de matrice supérieur, le poinçon inférieur étant monté mobile sur le bâti inférieur, selon ladite direction verticale sécante à l'axe d'arête, entre une position basse de repos et une position haute de pliage, dans laquelle, lorsque le bâti supérieur est dans sa position de pliage, le poinçon inférieur est engagé à l'intérieur de l'empreinte de l'élément de matrice supérieur de manière à former la portion centrale de l'ondulation.  a lower punch disposed between the two lower die members, facing the upper die member, and having a shape complementary to the fingerprint of the upper die member, the lower punch being movably mounted on the lower frame, according to said vertical direction secant to the edge axis, between a low rest position and a high folding position, wherein, when the upper frame is in its folding position, the lower punch is engaged within the imprint of the upper die member to form the central portion of the corrugation.
Ainsi, un tel dispositif de pliage permet de former, dans une pièce d'angle, en un seul coup de presse, une ondulation comportant des portions extrêmes saillantes vers l'extérieur et une portion centrale saillante vers l'intérieur de la pièce d'angle.  Thus, such a folding device makes it possible to form, in a corner piece, in a single press stroke, a corrugation having end portions protruding outwards and a central portion projecting towards the inside of the piece of angle.
Une pièce d'angle présentant une ondulation ainsi réalisée présente une flexibilité lui permettant de se déformer sous l'effet de sollicitations thermiques et mécaniques et est particulièrement appropriée pour raccorder des plaques métalliques d'une membrane d'étanchéité d'une cuve présentant des ondulations faisant saillie vers l'extérieur de la cuve.  A corner piece having a corrugation thus produced has a flexibility to deform under the effect of thermal and mechanical stresses and is particularly suitable for connecting metal plates of a sealing membrane of a vessel having corrugations protruding outwardly of the vessel.
Selon des modes de réalisation, un tel dispositif de pliage peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :  According to embodiments, such a folding device may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
- la direction verticale sécante à l'axe d'arête correspond à la bissectrice de l'angle formé par les deux surfaces d'appui. - les contre-matrices supérieures sont rappelées à distance de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé, en direction de leur position de repos par un organe de rappel ; et le bâti supérieur est apte à prendre appui contre les contre-matrices supérieures lors de sa course entre sa position de repos et sa position de pliage de telle sorte que le mouvement du bâti supérieur de sa position de repos vers sa position de pliage entraîne le mouvement des contre-matrices supérieures de leur position de repos vers leur position de pliage. Un tel agencement permet d'exercer de manière simple des efforts de pliage selon deux directions distinctes respectivement orthogonales à l'une et l'autre des ailes de la pièce d'angle. the vertical direction secant to the axis of edge corresponds to the bisector of the angle formed by the two bearing surfaces. - The upper counter-matrices are recalled at a distance from the associated lower matrix element, towards their rest position by a return member; and the upper frame is able to bear against the upper counter-matrices during its travel between its rest position and its folding position so that the movement of the upper frame from its rest position to its folding position causes the movement of the upper counter-matrices from their rest position to their folding position. Such an arrangement makes it possible to simply exert bending forces in two distinct directions respectively orthogonal to one and the other of the wings of the corner piece.
- les contre-matrices supérieures comportent chacune un galet apte à former un appui du bâti supérieur lors de sa course entre sa position de repos et sa position de pliage. - The upper counter-matrices each comprise a roller adapted to form a support of the upper frame during its stroke between its rest position and its folding position.
- les contre-matrices supérieures sont chacune montées coulissantes sur l'élément de matrice inférieur associé par l'intermédiaire de tubes guides, portés par les éléments de matrice inférieurs, et coulissant dans des alésages ménagés dans les contre-matrices supérieures.  the upper counter-matrices are each slidably mounted on the associated lower matrix element via guide tubes, carried by the lower die elements, and sliding in bores in the upper countermatrices.
- le dispositif de pliage comporte une pluralité d'organes de rappel rappelant chacune des contre-matrices supérieures en direction de sa position de repos, les organes de rappel étant des ressorts de compression ou des vérins à gaz exerçant un effort de rappel entre l'élément de matrice inférieur et la contre-matrice supérieure associée.  - The folding device comprises a plurality of return members each recalling the upper counter-matrix in the direction of its rest position, the return members being compression springs or gas cylinders exerting a return force between the lower matrix element and the associated upper counter matrix.
- le dispositif de pliage comporte un mécanisme d'actionnement du poinçon inférieur apte à déplacer automatiquement le poinçon inférieur vers sa position haute de pliage lorsque le bâti supérieur se déplace vers le bas en direction de sa position de pliage. Ainsi, un tel dispositif de pliage permet de s'affranchir d'un actionneur indépendant pour l'actionnement du poinçon inférieur et nécessitant une synchronisation parfaite avec le mouvement des contre-matrices supérieures.  - The folding device comprises an actuating mechanism of the lower punch adapted to automatically move the lower punch to its upper folding position when the upper frame moves downward towards its folding position. Thus, such a folding device makes it possible to dispense with an independent actuator for actuating the lower punch and requiring perfect synchronization with the movement of the upper countermatrices.
- le mécanisme d'actionnement du poinçon inférieur comprend deux leviers qui sont chacun montés articulés sur le bâti inférieur et comportent chacun :  the mechanism for actuating the lower punch comprises two levers which are each mounted articulated on the lower frame and each comprise:
- une première extrémité pourvue d'une surface d'appui, s'étendant à l'intérieur de la rainure de l'un des éléments de matrice inférieurs et apte à coopérer, en fonctionnement, avec une portion de la pièce d'angle destinée à être pliée pour former la première ou la seconde portion extrême de l'ondulation de telle sorte que le levier pivote lorsque la contre-matrice supérieur en vis-à-vis se déplace vers sa position de pliage; et a first end provided with a bearing surface, extending inside the groove of one of the lower die elements and capable of cooperating, in use, with a portion of the corner piece intended to to be folded to form the first or the second extreme portion of the ripple so that the lever pivots when the upper counter-matrix vis-à-vis moves towards its folding position; and
une seconde extrémité coopérant avec le poinçon inférieur de manière à déplacer le poinçon inférieur vers sa position haute de pliage lorsque, en raison d'un déplacement de la contre-matrice supérieur vers sa position de pliage, le levier pivote.  a second end cooperating with the lower punch to move the lower punch to its upper folding position when, due to a movement of the upper counter die to its folding position, the lever pivots.
- l'élément de matrice supérieur est monté mobile verticalement sur le bâti supérieur, l'élément de matrice supérieur étant rappelé à distance du bâti supérieur par un organe de rappel.  - The upper die element is mounted vertically movable on the upper frame, the upper die element being biased away from the upper frame by a return member.
- l'élément de matrice supérieur comporte, de part et d'autre de son empreinte, une portion en forme de coin complémentaire à la forme de la pièce d'angle, ladite portion en forme de coin étant destinée à venir en appui contre l'arête et contre des surfaces intérieures des ailes de la pièce d'angle lorsque le bâti supérieur est en position de pliage. the upper die element comprises, on either side of its fingerprint, a wedge-shaped portion complementary to the shape of the corner piece, said wedge-shaped portion being intended to bear against the edge and against the inner surfaces of the wings of the corner piece when the upper frame is in the folding position.
- le poinçon inférieur comporte une partie centrale présentant une section, transversale de forme semi-elliptique ou triangulaire. - The lower punch comprises a central portion having a cross section of semi-elliptical or triangular shape.
- la partie centrale du poinçon inférieur présente, selon l'axe longitudinal de l'ondulation à former, une concavité.  - The central portion of the lower punch has, along the longitudinal axis of the corrugation to be formed, a concavity.
- le poinçon inférieur comporte deux couteaux disposés longitudinalement de part et d'autre de la partie centrale et présentant chacun au moins une concavité, selon l'axe longitudinal de l'ondulation à former.  - The lower punch comprises two knives arranged longitudinally on either side of the central portion and each having at least one concavity, along the longitudinal axis of the corrugation to be formed.
- l'empreinte de l'élément de matrice supérieur présente une section transversale à l'axe de l'ondulation à former, de forme semi-elliptique ou triangulaire.  - The imprint of the upper die element has a cross section to the axis of the corrugation to form, semi-elliptical or triangular shape.
- l'empreinte de l'élément de matrice supérieur présente, selon l'axe longitudinal de l'ondulation à former une convexité.  - The imprint of the upper die element has, along the longitudinal axis of the corrugation to form a convexity.
- l'élément de matrice supérieur présente deux contre-couteaux disposés longitudinalement de part et d'autre de l'empreinte et présentant selon l'axe longitudinal de l'ondulation à former au moins une convexité.  - The upper die element has two counter-knives arranged longitudinally on either side of the cavity and having along the longitudinal axis of the corrugation to form at least one convexity.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi une méthode d'utilisation d'un tel dispositif de pliage, pour former une ondulation dans une pièce d'angle comportant deux ailes planes inclinées l'une par rapport à l'autre et se rejoignant au niveau d'une arête au moyen d'un dispositif de pliage précité, l'ondulation à former étant destinée à s'étendre selon une direction longitudinale d'un bout à l'autre de l'autre de la pièce d'angle de sorte à permettre une déformation de la pièce d'angle selon une direction transversale, parallèle à l'arête ; l'ondulation à former comportant une première portion extrême et une seconde portion extrême saillantes vers l'extérieur de la pièce d'angle et une portion centrale saillante vers l'intérieur de la pièce d'angle, ladite portion centrale s'étendant entre la première et la seconde portions extrêmes, dans le prolongement desdites première et seconde portions extrêmes, ladite méthode comportant : According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method of using such a folding device, to form a corrugation in a corner piece having two flat wings inclined with respect to each other and joining at an edge by means of a folding device mentioned above, the corrugation to be formed being intended to extend in a longitudinal direction from one end to the other of the other of the corner piece so as to allow a deformation of the corner piece in a transverse direction, parallel to the edge; the corrugation to be formed having a first end portion and a second end portion projecting outwardly of the corner piece and a central portion projecting inwardly of the corner piece, said central portion extending between the first and second extreme portions, in the extension of said first and second extreme portions, said method comprising:
- le positionnement de la pièce d'angle de telle sorte que les ailes de la pièce d'angle soient respectivement en appui contre la surface d'appui de l'un et l'autre des éléments de matrice inférieurs; - Positioning the corner piece so that the wings of the corner piece are respectively in abutment against the bearing surface of one and the other of the lower die elements;
- le déplacement des deux contre-matrices vers leur position de pliage et le déplacement du poinçon inférieur dans sa position haute de pliage afin de former les première et seconde portions extrêmes et la portion centrale de l'ondulation.  moving the two countermatrices towards their folding position and moving the lower punch into its upper folding position in order to form the first and second end portions and the central portion of the corrugation.
Brève description des figures  Brief description of the figures
L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés.  The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the course of the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely for illustrative and non-limiting purposes. with reference to the accompanying drawings.
• La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une pièce d'angle destinée à la construction d'une membrane d'étanchéité d'une cuve de stockage de fluide. • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a corner piece for the construction of a sealing membrane of a fluid storage tank.
• La figure 2 est une vue détaillée, en perspective, de la surface extérieure de la pièce d'angle de la figure 1 , au niveau de son arête. • Figure 2 is a detailed perspective view of the outer surface of the corner piece of Figure 1, at its edge.
· La figure 3 est une vue détaillée, en perspective, de la surface intérieure de la pièce d'angle de la figure 1 , au niveau de son arête. FIG. 3 is a detailed perspective view of the inner surface of the corner piece of FIG. 1 at its edge.
• La figure 4 est une vue en coupe de la figure 1 selon un plan passant par l'axe longitudinal de l'ondulation.  • Figure 4 is a sectional view of Figure 1 along a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the corrugation.
• La figure 5 est une vue de trois quart de la pièce d'angle de la figure 1 coupée selon un plan longitudinal passant par l'axe de l'ondulation • La figure 6 est une vue de trois quart de la pièce d'angle de la figure 1 coupée selon un plan transversal passant par l'arête de la pièce d'angle. FIG. 5 is a view of three quarters of the corner piece of FIG. 1 cut along a longitudinal plane passing through the axis of the corrugation. FIG. 6 is a three-quarter view of the corner piece of FIG. 1 cut along a transverse plane passing through the edge of the corner piece.
• Les figures 7, 8 et 9 illustrent le dispositif de pliage respectivement dans une position haute de repos, une position intermédiaire de contact avec la pièce d'angle et une position de pliage, en fin de course.  • Figures 7, 8 and 9 illustrate the folding device respectively in a high rest position, an intermediate position of contact with the corner piece and a bending position, end of stroke.
• Les figures 10, 14 et 18 sont des vues avant du dispositif de pliage respectivement dans sa position haute de repos, dans sa position intermédiaire de contact avec la pièce d'angle et dans sa position de pliage, en fin de course. • Figures 10, 14 and 18 are front views of the folding device respectively in its upper rest position, in its intermediate position of contact with the corner piece and in its folding position, end of stroke.
• Les figures 11, 15 et 19 sont des vues latérales du dispositif de pliage respectivement dans sa position haute de repos, dans sa position intermédiaire de contact avec la pièce d'angle et dans sa position de pliage, en fin de courseFIGS. 11, 15 and 19 are lateral views of the folding device respectively in its high rest position, in its intermediate position of contact with the corner piece and in its folding position, at the end of the run.
• Les figures 12, 16 et 20 sont des vues en coupe respectivement selon les plans XII-XII, XVI-XVI et XX-XX des figures 11 , 15 et 19. Figures 12, 16 and 20 are sectional views respectively along the planes XII-XII, XVI-XVI and XX-XX of Figures 11, 15 and 19.
• Les figures 13, 17 et 21 sont des vues en coupe respectivement selon les plans XIII-XIII, XVII-XVII et XXI-XXI des figures 10, 14 et 18.  FIGS. 13, 17 and 21 are cross-sectional views respectively according to plans XIII-XIII, XVII-XVII and XXI-XXI of FIGS. 10, 14 and 18.
• La figure 22 est une vue détaillée de trois quart bas du dispositif de pliage en coupe selon le plan XII-XII de la figure 11.  FIG. 22 is a detailed view of three quarters of the bottom of the folding device in section along the plane XII-XII of FIG. 11.
• La figure 23 est une vue détaillée de trois quart haut du dispositif de pliage en coupe selon le plan XII-XII de la figure 11.  FIG. 23 is a detailed three-quarter-top view of the folding device in section along the plane XII-XII of FIG. 11.
· La figure 24 est une représentation schématique écorchée d'une cuve de navire méthanier et d'un terminal de chargement/déchargement de cette cuve. FIG. 24 is a cutaway schematic representation of a vessel of a LNG carrier and a loading / unloading terminal of this vessel.
Description détaillée de modes de réalisation  Detailed description of embodiments
Les figures 1 à 6 illustrent une pièce d'angle 1 pour la construction d'une membrane d'étanchéité d'une cuve de stockage de fluide. Une telle pièce d'angle 1 est destinée à raccorder deux parois adjacentes d'une membrane d'étanchéité au niveau de l'angle formé entre les deux parois.  Figures 1 to 6 illustrate an angle piece 1 for the construction of a sealing membrane of a fluid storage tank. Such a corner piece 1 is intended to connect two adjacent walls of a sealing membrane at the angle formed between the two walls.
La pièce d'angle 1 est obtenue par pliage d'une tôle métallique. La tôle métallique peut notamment être réalisée en acier inoxydable, en aluminium, en Invar ® : c'est-à-dire un alliage de fer et de nickel dont le coefficient de dilatation est typiquement compris entre 1 ,2.10"6 et 2.10"6 K"1, ou dans un alliage de fer à forte teneur en manganèse dont le coefficient de dilatation est de l'ordre de 7.10"6 K"1. Toutefois, d'autres métaux ou alliages sont également possibles. The corner piece 1 is obtained by folding a metal sheet. The metal sheet may especially be made of stainless steel, aluminum, Invar ®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose expansion coefficient is typically between 1, 2.10 "6 and 2.10 " 6 K "1 , or in a strong iron alloy manganese content whose expansion coefficient is of the order of 7.10 "6 K " 1 . However, other metals or alloys are also possible.
A titre d'exemple, la tôle métallique 1 présente une épaisseur d'environ 0,7 mm. D'autres épaisseurs sont également envisageables, sachant qu'un épaississement de la tôle métallique entraine une augmentation de son coût et accroît généralement la rigidité des ondulations.  For example, the metal sheet 1 has a thickness of about 0.7 mm. Other thicknesses are also possible, knowing that a thickening of the sheet metal causes an increase in its cost and generally increases the rigidity of the corrugations.
La pièce d'angle 1 comporte une première et une seconde ailes 2, 3 planes inclinées l'une par rapport l'autre et se rejoignant au niveau d'une arête 4. L'angle saillant formé entre les deux ailes est de l'ordre de 135° dans le mode de réalisation représenté. Toutefois, l'angle peut être différent, de l'ordre de 90°, par exemple, lorsque les deux parois adjacentes à raccorder sont perpendiculaires, ou plus généralement être compris entre 90° inclus et 180° exclus. Chaque aile 2, 3 présente une forme de parallélépipède rectangle et comporte ainsi deux bords latéraux parallèles opposés 5, 6 et un bord d'extrémité 7 opposé à l'autre aile 2, 3.  The corner piece 1 comprises a first and a second plane wings 2, 3 inclined relative to each other and joining at an edge 4. The projecting angle formed between the two wings is of 135 ° order in the embodiment shown. However, the angle may be different, of the order of 90 °, for example, when the two adjacent walls to be connected are perpendicular, or more generally between 90 ° inclusive and 180 ° excluded. Each wing 2, 3 has a rectangular parallelepipedal shape and thus comprises two opposite parallel lateral edges 5, 6 and an end edge 7 opposite to the other wing 2, 3.
La pièce d'angle 1 comporte une ondulation 8 lui conférant une flexibilité lui permettant de se déformer sous l'effet des sollicitations thermiques et mécaniques générées par le gaz naturel liquéfié emmagasiné dans la cuve. L'ondulation 8 s'étend selon une direction longitudinale, sécante à l'arête 4, d'un bout à l'autre de la pièce d'angle 1. L'ondulation 8 s'étend donc parallèlement aux bords latéraux opposés 5, 6 des ailes 2, 3. L'ondulation 8 permet ainsi à la pièce d'angle de se déformer selon une direction transversale, parallèle à l'arête 4.  The corner piece 1 comprises a corrugation 8 conferring flexibility to deform under the effect of thermal and mechanical stresses generated by the liquefied natural gas stored in the tank. The corrugation 8 extends in a longitudinal direction, secant at the edge 4, from one end to the other of the corner piece 1. The corrugation 8 thus extends parallel to the opposite side edges 5, 6 of the wings 2, 3. The corrugation 8 thus allows the corner piece to deform in a transverse direction, parallel to the edge 4.
L'ondulation 8 peut être divisée en trois portions, une première portion extrême 8a, ménagée dans la première aile 2, une seconde portion extrême 8b, ménagée dans la seconde aile 3 et une portion centrale 8c s'étendant entre la première et la seconde portions extrêmes 8a, 8b dans le prolongement de celles-ci.  The corrugation 8 can be divided into three portions, a first end portion 8a, formed in the first flange 2, a second end portion 8b formed in the second flange 3 and a central portion 8c extending between the first and the second extreme portions 8a, 8b in the extension thereof.
La première portion extrême 8a s'étend à partir du bord libre 7 de la première aile 2, en direction de l'arête 4. De manière symétrique, la seconde portion extrême 8b s'étend à partir du bord libre 7 de la seconde aile 3, en direction de l'arête 4. La première et la seconde portions extrêmes 8a, 8b de l'ondulation font saillie vers l'extérieur de la pièce d'angle 1 , c'est à dire vers l'extérieur de l'angle saillant formé entre les deux ailes 2, 3. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les portions extrêmes 8a, 8b présentent un profil triangulaire. Toutefois, selon une variante de réalisation, les portions extrêmes 8a, 8b présentent un profil semi- elliptique. La profondeur des portions extrêmes 8a, 8b est constante sur toute leur longueur. A titre d'exemple, les portions extrêmes présentent une profondeur comprise entre 10 et 60 mm selon les applications envisagées. The first end portion 8a extends from the free edge 7 of the first flange 2 towards the edge 4. Symmetrically, the second end portion 8b extends from the free edge 7 of the second flange 3, in the direction of the edge 4. The first and the second end portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation project outwardly from the corner piece 1, that is to say towards the outside of the projecting angle formed between the two wings 2, 3. In the embodiment shown, the end portions 8a, 8b have a triangular profile. However, according to an alternative embodiment, the end portions 8a, 8b have a semi-circular profile. elliptical. The depth of the extreme portions 8a, 8b is constant over their entire length. For example, the end portions have a depth of between 10 and 60 mm depending on the intended applications.
La portion centrale 8c de l'ondulation 8 s'étend entre les deux ailes 2, 3, dans le prolongement des portions extrêmes 8a, 8b et chevauche l'arête 4. La portion centrale 8c fait saillie vers l'intérieur de la pièce d'angle 1 , c'est à dire vers l'intérieur de l'angle saillant formé entre les deux ailes 2, 3. Ainsi, la portion centrale 8c est destinée à faire saillie vers l'intérieur de la cuve, lorsque la pièce d'angle 1 est en position, au sein de la cuve. La portion centrale 8 présente un profil de forme sensiblement triangulaire, tel que représenté sur la figure 6. Toutefois, selon un autre mode de réalisation non illustré, la portion centrale 8 présente un profil semi- elliptique.  The central portion 8c of the corrugation 8 extends between the two wings 2, 3, in the extension of the end portions 8a, 8b and overlaps the edge 4. The central portion 8c protrudes towards the inside of the piece angle 1, that is to say towards the inside of the projecting angle formed between the two wings 2, 3. Thus, the central portion 8c is intended to protrude towards the inside of the tank, when the piece angle 1 is in position, within the vessel. The central portion 8 has a substantially triangular shape profile, as shown in Figure 6. However, according to another embodiment not shown, the central portion 8 has a semi-elliptical profile.
La hauteur de la portion centrale 8c de l'ondulation est croissante en allant de chacune de ses extrémités vers sa section médiane. On entend ici par « section médiane » de la portion centrale, la section de la portion centrale selon un plan bissecteur passant par l'arête 4 et coupant l'angle formé entre les deux ailes 2, 3 en deux angles égaux. La hauteur de la portion centrale 8c au niveau de sa section médiane est sensiblement égale à la profondeur des portions extrêmes 8a, 8b.  The height of the central portion 8c of the corrugation is increasing by going from each of its ends towards its median section. Here the term "middle section" of the central portion, the section of the central portion along a bisecting plane passing through the edge 4 and cutting the angle formed between the two wings 2, 3 in two equal angles. The height of the central portion 8c at its central section is substantially equal to the depth of the end portions 8a, 8b.
On observe également, par exemple sur la figure 3, que la portion centrale 8c, en saillie vers l'intérieur, est bordée de part et d'autre de l'axe longitudinal de l'ondulation 8, par des ondulations 9a, 9b, en saillie vers l'extérieur de la pièce d'angle 1. Les lignes de plis des ondulations 9a, 9b s'étendent de part et d'autre de la portion centrale 8c à partir de la ligne de crête des portions extrêmes 8a, 8b. La profondeur des ondulations 9a, 9b décroit en direction de l'arête 4 de telle sorte que les ondulations 9a, 9b s'interrompent avant l'axe de l'arête 4.  It is also observed, for example in FIG. 3, that the central portion 8c, projecting inwards, is bordered on either side of the longitudinal axis of the corrugation 8 by corrugations 9a, 9b, projecting towards the outside of the corner piece 1. The fold lines of the corrugations 9a, 9b extend on either side of the central portion 8c from the ridge line of the end portions 8a, 8b . The depth of the corrugations 9a, 9b decreases towards the edge 4 so that the corrugations 9a, 9b are interrupted before the axis of the edge 4.
Une telle configuration des portions extrêmes 8a, 8b, de la portion centrale 8c et des ondulations 9a, 9b permet d'obtenir une configuration géométrique de la pièce d'angle 1 qui est développable en plan sous la forme d'une pièce rectangulaire. En d'autres termes, la configuration de la pièce d'angle 1 dans la zone d'ondulation 8 est telle que les formes précitées n'entraînent pas de modification de longueur de matière de la tôle métallique et par conséquent pas non plus de modification de l'épaisseur de la tôle métallique. Par ailleurs, l'on observe, notamment sur les figures 3 ou 4, que la portion centrale 8c de l'ondulation 8 présente une série d'ondes transversales à la direction longitudinale de l'ondulation 8. On voit en effet sur la figure 4 que la ligne de crête 10 de l'ondulation centrale présente une série d'ondes. Une telle disposition permet de conférer une souplesse à la pièce d'angle 1 selon la direction longitudinale de l'ondulation 8 de sorte à autoriser un léger pivotement des ailes 2, 3 l'une par rapport à l'autre autour de l'arête 4 et ainsi autoriser une légère variation de l'angle formé entre les deux ailes 2, 3. Such a configuration of the end portions 8a, 8b, the central portion 8c and the corrugations 9a, 9b provides a geometric configuration of the corner piece 1 which is expandable in plan in the form of a rectangular piece. In other words, the configuration of the corner piece 1 in the corrugation zone 8 is such that the aforementioned forms do not cause any change in the length of material of the metal sheet and therefore no modification. the thickness of the metal sheet. Furthermore, it can be seen, in particular in FIGS. 3 or 4, that the central portion 8c of the corrugation 8 has a series of waves transverse to the longitudinal direction of the corrugation 8. It can be seen in FIG. 4 that the peak line 10 of the central ripple has a series of waves. Such an arrangement makes it possible to impart a flexibility to the corner piece 1 in the longitudinal direction of the corrugation 8 so as to allow a slight pivoting of the wings 2, 3 relative to each other around the ridge 4 and thus allow a slight variation of the angle formed between the two wings 2, 3.
Selon une première application, la pièce d'angle 1 , telle que décrite ci- dessus, est destinée à la construction d'une cuve de stockage telle que décrite dans le document W014057221. La structure générale d'une telle cuve est bien connue et présente une forme polyédrique. La paroi de la cuve comporte, depuis l'extérieur vers l'intérieur de la cuve, une structure porteuse, une barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire comportant des blocs d'isolation retenus contre la structure porteuse et ancrés à celle-ci par des organes de retenue secondaires, une membrane d'étanchéité secondaire portée par les blocs d'isolation de la barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire, une barrière d'isolation thermique primaire comportant des blocs d'isolation, ancrés à la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire par des organes de retenue primaires et une membrane d'étanchéité primaire, portée par les blocs d'isolation de la barrière d'isolation thermique primaire et destinée à être en contact avec le fluide cryogénique contenu dans la cuve.  According to a first application, the corner piece 1, as described above, is intended for the construction of a storage tank as described in the document W014057221. The general structure of such a tank is well known and has a polyhedral shape. The wall of the tank comprises, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a supporting structure, a secondary thermal insulation barrier comprising insulation blocks held against the supporting structure and anchored to it by bodies retaining membrane, a secondary sealing membrane carried by the insulation blocks of the secondary thermal insulation barrier, a primary thermal insulation barrier comprising insulation blocks, anchored to the secondary waterproofing membrane by means of primary retaining members and a primary sealing membrane carried by the insulation blocks of the primary thermal insulation barrier and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank.
La structure porteuse peut notamment être une tôle métallique autoporteuse ou, plus généralement, tout type de cloison rigide présentant des propriétés mécaniques appropriées. La structure porteuse peut notamment être formée par la coque ou la double coque d'un navire. La structure porteuse comporte une pluralité de parois définissant la forme générale de la cuve.  The supporting structure may in particular be a self-supporting metal sheet or, more generally, any type of rigid partition having suitable mechanical properties. The supporting structure may in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship. The carrying structure comprises a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the tank.
La barrière d'étanchéité secondaire comporte une pluralité de plaques métalliques. Chaque plaque métallique comporte au moins deux ondulations orthogonales faisant saillie vers l'extérieur de la cuve. Par ailleurs, les blocs d'isolation de la barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire présentent une forme de parallélépipède rectangle et sont juxtaposés selon des rangées parallèles. Selon un mode de réalisation, les blocs d'isolation de la barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire séparés les uns des autres par des interstices à l'intérieur desquels sont insérées les ondulations des plaques métalliques. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les blocs d'isolation de la barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire comportent, sur leur surface interne, des fentes à l'intérieur desquelles sont insérées les ondulations des plaques métalliques. The secondary sealing barrier has a plurality of metal plates. Each metal plate has at least two orthogonal corrugations protruding outwardly of the vessel. In addition, the insulation blocks of the secondary thermal insulation barrier have a rectangular parallelepipedal shape and are juxtaposed in parallel rows. According to one embodiment, the insulation blocks of the secondary thermal insulation barrier separated from each other by interstices inside which are inserted the corrugations of the metal plates. According to another mode of realization, the insulation blocks of the secondary thermal insulation barrier have, on their inner surface, slots within which are inserted the corrugations of the metal plates.
Au niveau d'une zone d'angle entre deux parois adjacentes, des pièces d'angle 1 , telles que décrites ci-dessus, sont disposées de telle sorte que leur ondulation 8 se situe dans le prolongement des ondulations des plaques métalliques adjacentes de l'une et l'autre des parois. Les pièces d'angle 1 sont raccordées aux plaques métalliques adjacentes, par soudage, afin d'assurer une continuité de l'étanchéité au niveau de la zone d'angle.  At an angle zone between two adjacent walls, corner pieces 1, as described above, are arranged such that their corrugation 8 is in the extension of the corrugations of the adjacent metal plates of the wall. one and the other of the walls. The corner pieces 1 are connected to the adjacent metal plates, by welding, to ensure a continuity of sealing at the corner area.
Dans cette première application, les portions extrêmes 8a, 8b de l'ondulation 8 des pièces d'angle 1 font saillie vers l'extérieur de la cuve alors que la portion centrale 8c fait saillie vers l'intérieur de la cuve. Pour une telle application, les portions extrêmes 8a, 8b de l'ondulation présentent typiquement une profondeur de l'ordre de 10 à 25 mm.  In this first application, the end portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation 8 of the corner pieces 1 protrude outwardly of the vessel while the central portion 8c protrudes inwardly of the vessel. For such an application, the end portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation typically have a depth of the order of 10 to 25 mm.
Selon une seconde application, la pièce d'angle 1 , telle que décrite ci- dessus, est destinée à la construction de zones spécifiques d'une membrane d'étanchéité primaire d'une cuve de stockage, telle que décrite dans le document FR2691520 ou FR2984454, par exemple. Une telle membrane d'étanchéité primaire est connue sous la désignation « Mark III ». Cette membrane d'étanchéité primaire comporte une pluralité de plaques métalliques ondulées soudées les unes aux autres. Chaque plaque métallique comporte au moins deux ondulations orthogonales qui sont saillantes du côté de la face interne de la plaque métallique destinée à être mise en contact avec le fluide contenu dans la cuve.  According to a second application, the corner piece 1, as described above, is intended for the construction of specific areas of a primary sealing membrane of a storage tank, as described in the document FR2691520 or FR2984454, for example. Such a primary waterproofing membrane is known under the designation "Mark III". This primary waterproofing membrane has a plurality of corrugated metal plates welded to each other. Each metal plate has at least two orthogonal corrugations which project from the side of the internal face of the metal plate intended to be brought into contact with the fluid contained in the tank.
Dans cette application, la pièce d'angle 1 peut être utilisée dans une zone d'interruption de la membrane d'étanchéité primaire au niveau d'un dôme ménagé dans une paroi de la cuve. De tels dômes sont désignés par « dôme liquide » lorsqu'ils servent de point de pénétration pour des équipements destinés au remplissage de la cuve et par « dôme gaz » lorsqu'ils servent à l'extraction du gaz naturel en phase vapeur. De telles pièces d'angle peuvent également être utilisées dans une zone d'interruption de la membrane d'étanchéité au niveau d'une structure de puisard destiné au logement d'une pompe de déchargement de la cuve.  In this application, the corner piece 1 can be used in a zone of interruption of the primary sealing membrane at a dome formed in a wall of the tank. Such domes are referred to as "liquid dome" when they serve as a point of entry for equipment for filling the tank and as a "gas dome" when used for the extraction of natural gas in the vapor phase. Such corner pieces can also be used in an area of interruption of the sealing membrane at a sump structure for housing a pump unloading the tank.
Dans cette seconde application, l'angle saillant de la pièce d'angle 1 est dirigé vers l'extérieur de la cuve. Ainsi, les portions extrêmes 8a, 8b de l'ondulation 8 des pièces d'angle 1 font saillie vers l'intérieur de la cuve alors que la portion centrale 8c fait saillie vers l'extérieur de la cuve. Pour une telle application, les portions extrêmes 8a, 8b de l'ondulation présentent typiquement une profondeur de l'ordre de 40 à 60 mm et l'angle saillant formé entre les deux ailes de la pièce d'angle est de l'ordre de 90°. In this second application, the projecting angle of the corner piece 1 is directed towards the outside of the tank. Thus, the extreme portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation 8 corner pieces 1 project inwardly of the vessel while the central portion 8c protrudes outwardly of the vessel. For such an application, the end portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation typically have a depth of the order of 40 to 60 mm and the projecting angle formed between the two wings of the corner piece is of the order of 90 °.
Un dispositif de pliage permettant de former l'ondulation 8 dans une pièce d'angle 1 , telle que décrite ci-dessus, et sa méthode d'utilisation seront maintenant décrits en relation avec les figures 7 à 23. Par convention, l'orientation « longitudinale » du dispositif de pliage est dirigée suivant la direction longitudinale de l'ondulation à former et l'orientation « transversale » est dirigée transversalement à la direction longitudinale de l'ondulation à former.  A folding device for forming the corrugation 8 in a corner piece 1, as described above, and its method of use will now be described in connection with FIGS. 7 to 23. By convention, the orientation "Longitudinal" of the folding device is directed in the longitudinal direction of the corrugation to be formed and the "transverse" orientation is directed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the corrugation to be formed.
Dans un premier temps, une tôle métallique est préalablement pliée de sorte à former les deux ailes planes 2, 3 inclinées l'une par rapport à l'autre. Par la suite, l'ondulation 8 est formée dans la pièce d'angle au moyen du dispositif de pliage 11 tel que décrit ci-dessous.  In a first step, a metal sheet is folded beforehand so as to form the two plane wings 2, 3 inclined with respect to one another. Subsequently, the corrugation 8 is formed in the corner piece by means of the folding device 11 as described below.
Le dispositif de pliage 1 1 comporte un bâti inférieur 12 et un bâti supérieur 13 monté mobile verticalement par rapport au bâti inférieur 12. Le bâti supérieur 13 est mobile entre une position haute de repos et une position de pliage de la tôle dans laquelle celle-ci est déformée afin de former l'ondulation 8. Le bâti supérieur 13 est ainsi apte à exercer sur la pièce d'angle 1 une pression permettant le pliage de la tôle métallique et la formation de l'ondulation 8. Le bâti supérieur 13 est illustré dans sa position de repos sur les figures 7 et 10 à 13 et dans sa position de pliage sur les figures 9 et 18 à 21 . Le bâti supérieur 13 porte ici des doigts de butée 49 venant en appui contre le bâti inférieur 12 afin de définir la fin de course du bâti supérieur 13. Les doigts de butée 49 sont représentés dans l'alignement de l'arête 4 mais peuvent être positionnées différemment. Le bâti supérieur 13 est également représenté dans une position intermédiaire de contact avec la pièce d'angle 1 , juste avant que ne débute la formation de l'ondulation 8, sur les figures 8 et 14 à 17.  The folding device 1 1 comprises a lower frame 12 and an upper frame 13 mounted vertically movable relative to the lower frame 12. The upper frame 13 is movable between a high rest position and a bending position of the sheet in which it it is deformed to form the corrugation 8. The upper frame 13 is thus able to exert on the corner piece 1 a pressure allowing the folding of the metal sheet and the formation of the corrugation 8. The upper frame 13 is illustrated in its rest position in FIGS. 7 and 10 to 13 and in its folding position in FIGS. 9 and 18 to 21. The upper frame 13 here carries stop fingers 49 bearing against the lower frame 12 in order to define the end of travel of the upper frame 13. The stop fingers 49 are shown in the alignment of the edge 4 but can be positioned differently. The upper frame 13 is also shown in an intermediate position of contact with the corner piece 1, just before the formation of the corrugation 8 begins, in FIGS. 8 and 14 to 17.
Comme représenté sur la figure 10 par exemple, le bâti inférieur 12 supporte deux éléments de matrice inférieurs 14, 15, disposés de part et d'autre d'un plan transversal médian. Les éléments de matrice inférieurs 14, 15 présentent chacun une surface d'appui 17 destinée à recevoir la surface extérieure des ailes 2, 3 de la pièce d'angle 1 . Les surfaces d'appui 17 sont inclinées autour d'un axe d'arête horizontal qui est confondu à l'arête 4 de la pièce d'angle 1 lorsque les ailes 2, 3 de la pièce d'angle 1 sont reçues contre les surfaces d'appui 17. L'inclinaison des surfaces d'appui 17 est orientée de telle sorte que l'intérieur de la pièce d'angle 1 soit dirigé vers le haut, en direction du bâti supérieur 13, lorsque la pièce d'angle 1 est positionnée contre les éléments de matrice inférieurs 14, 15. Les surfaces d'appui sont symétriques par rapport à un plan transversal vertical médian. As shown in Figure 10 for example, the lower frame 12 supports two lower die members 14, 15, disposed on either side of a median transverse plane. The lower die members 14, 15 each have a bearing surface 17 for receiving the outer surface of the wings 2, 3 of the corner piece 1. The bearing surfaces 17 are inclined about an axis horizontal edge which coincides with the edge 4 of the corner piece 1 when the wings 2, 3 of the corner piece 1 are received against the bearing surfaces 17. The inclination of the bearing surfaces 17 is oriented such that the inside of the corner piece 1 is directed upwards, towards the upper frame 13, when the corner piece 1 is positioned against the lower die members 14, 15. bearing surfaces are symmetrical with respect to a median vertical transverse plane.
Par ailleurs, comme représenté sur la figure 11 , les éléments de matrice inférieurs 14, 15 comportent une rainure 18 formant une empreinte correspondant à la forme de l'ondulation 8 à former au niveau de ses portions extrêmes 8a, 8b. Les rainures 18 s'étendent selon la direction longitudinale et présentent une section de forme triangulaire, dans le mode de réalisation représenté, ou semi-elliptique, dans un mode de réalisation non représenté.  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 11, the lower matrix elements 14, 15 comprise a groove 18 forming an imprint corresponding to the shape of the corrugation 8 to be formed at its end portions 8a, 8b. The grooves 18 extend in the longitudinal direction and have a section of triangular shape, in the embodiment shown, or semi-elliptical, in an embodiment not shown.
En revenant à la figure 10, l'on observe que le dispositif de pliage 11 comporte également deux contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 qui sont chacune associée à un élément de matrice inférieur 14, 15 et disposée en vis-à-vis de celui- ci. Les contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 comportent chacune une surface de serrage 21 parallèle à la surface d'appui 17 de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé 14, 15. Les surfaces de serrage 21 sont destinées à plaquer les ailes 2, 3 de la pièce d'angle 1 contre la surface d'appui 17 de l'élément de matrice inférieur 14, 15 en vis-à-vis lorsque les contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 sont dans une position de pliage. En outre, les contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 comportent chacune un poinçon 22, illustré sur la figure 1 1 , présentant une forme complémentaire à celle de la rainure 18 de l'élément de matrice inférieur 14, 15 associé.  Returning to FIG. 10, it can be observed that the folding device 11 also comprises two upper counter-matrices 19, 20 which are each associated with a lower die element 14, 15 and arranged opposite the - this. The upper counter-matrices 19, 20 each comprise a clamping surface 21 parallel to the bearing surface 17 of the associated lower die element 14, 15. The clamping surfaces 21 are intended to press the wings 2, 3 of the corner piece 1 against the bearing surface 17 of the lower die member 14, 15 vis-à-vis when the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 are in a folding position. In addition, the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 each comprise a punch 22, illustrated in Figure 1 1, having a shape complementary to that of the groove 18 of the lower die element 14, 15 associated.
Les deux contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 sont chacune montées mobiles sur l'élément de matrice inférieur 14, 15 associé selon une direction orthogonale à la surface d'appui 17 dudit élément de matrice 14, 15. Les contre- matrices supérieures 19, 20 sont ainsi mobiles entre une position haute de repos, illustrée sur les figures 10, 11 et 12, et une position de pliage, illustrée sur les figures 18, 19 et 20, dans laquelle leur poinçon 22 est engagé à l'intérieur de la rainure 18 de l'élément de matrice inférieur 14, 15 en vis-à-vis, de manière à presser la tôle métallique et former les portions extrêmes 8a, 8b de l'ondulation 8.  The two upper counter-matrices 19, 20 are each mounted movably on the lower matrix element 14, 15 associated in a direction orthogonal to the bearing surface 17 of said matrix element 14, 15. The upper counter-matrices 19, 20 are thus movable between a high rest position, illustrated in Figures 10, 11 and 12, and a folding position, illustrated in Figures 18, 19 and 20, wherein their punch 22 is engaged within the groove 18 of the lower die member 14, 15 facing each other, so as to press the metal sheet and form the end portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation 8.
Chaque contre-matrice supérieure 19, 20 est montée coulissante sur son élément de matrice inférieur 14, 15 respectif via un dispositif de guidage, notamment illustré sur les figures 10 et 11 , comportant une pluralité de tubes guides 23 solidaires de l'élément de matrice inférieur 14, 15. Les contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 comportent des alésages qui sont chacun engagés autour d'un desdits tubes guides 23 afin de guider le mouvement des contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 par rapport à l'élément de matrice inférieur 14, 15 associé. A titre d'exemple, dans le mode de réalisation représenté, chaque élément de matrice inférieur 14, 15 comporte quatre tubes guides 23 disposés à proximité des quatre coins de l'élément de matrice inférieur 14, 15. Each upper counter matrix 19, 20 is slidably mounted on its respective lower die element 14, 15 via a guiding device, illustrated in particular in FIGS. 10 and 11, comprising a plurality of guide tubes 23 integral with the lower die element 14, 15. The upper counter-matrices 19, 20 comprise bores which are each engaged around one of said guide tubes. 23 to guide the movement of the upper countermatrices 19, 20 relative to the associated lower die member 14, 15. By way of example, in the illustrated embodiment, each lower die member 14, 15 has four guide tubes 23 disposed near the four corners of the lower die member 14, 15.
Par ailleurs, des ressorts de compression 24 ou des vérins à gaz sont disposés entre chaque élément de matrice inférieur 14, 15 et la contre-matrice supérieure 19, 20 associé. Les ressorts de compression 24 comportent une première extrémité logée dans un trou borgne, non illustré, ménagé dans un élément de matrice inférieur 14, 15 et une seconde extrémité logée dans un trou borgne, non illustrée, ménagé dans la contre-matrice supérieure 19, 20 en vis-à-vis. Les ressorts de compression 24 ou les vérins à gaz exercent ainsi sur les contre- matrices supérieures 19, 20 un effort de rappel qui tend à les rappeler vers leur position de repos.  Furthermore, compression springs 24 or gas cylinders are arranged between each lower die element 14, 15 and the associated upper counter matrix 19, 20. The compression springs 24 comprise a first end housed in a blind hole, not shown, formed in a lower die member 14, 15 and a second end housed in a blind hole, not shown, provided in the upper counter-die 19, 20 vis-à-vis. The compression springs 24 or the gas cylinders thus exert on the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 a return force which tends to return them to their rest position.
Comme représenté sur la figure 10, chaque contre-matrice inférieure 19, 20 porte un galet 25 monté mobile en rotation autour d'un axe horizontal 26 s'étendant selon la direction transversale. L'axe du galet 26 est porté par un porte-galet 27 fixé sur la contre-matrice inférieure 19, 20 et comportant deux ailes latérales qui supportent l'axe du galet 26 et entre lesquelles est disposé le galet 25.  As shown in FIG. 10, each lower counter-matrix 19, 20 carries a roller 25 mounted to rotate about a horizontal axis 26 extending in the transverse direction. The axis of the roller 26 is carried by a roller holder 27 fixed on the lower counter-matrix 19, 20 and having two lateral wings which support the axis of the roller 26 and between which is disposed the roller 25.
Le galet 25 est apte à former un appui du bâti supérieur 13 lors de sa course entre sa position de repos et sa position de pliage, tel que représenté sur les figures 14 et 16. Ainsi, lors de sa course entre sa position de repos et sa position de pliage, le bâti supérieur 13 vient prendre appui contre les galets 25 de sorte à déplacer les contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 de leur position de repos vers leur position de pliage. Ainsi, la présence des galets 25 permet de limiter les efforts de frottement s'exerçant entre le bâti supérieur 13 et les contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 lorsque le bâti supérieur 13 prend appui sur les contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 pour les déplacer vers leur position de pliage.  The roller 25 is able to form a support of the upper frame 13 during its race between its rest position and its folding position, as shown in Figures 14 and 16. Thus, during its race between its rest position and its folding position, the upper frame 13 bears against the rollers 25 so as to move the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 from their rest position to their folding position. Thus, the presence of the rollers 25 limits the frictional forces exerted between the upper frame 13 and the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 when the upper frame 13 bears on the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 to move them. towards their folding position.
Par ailleurs, en relation avec les figures 12 et 13, l'on observe que le dispositif de pliage 11 comporte également un poinçon inférieur 28 porté par le bâti inférieur 12 et disposé entre les deux éléments de matrice inférieurs 14, 15, et un élément de matrice supérieur 29 porté par le bâti supérieur 13. Le poinçon inférieur 28 et l'élément de matrice supérieur 29 permettent la formation de la portion centrale 8c de l'ondulation. Pour ce faire, comme illustré sur la figure 13, l'élément de matrice supérieur 29 présente une empreinte 30, correspondant à la forme de l'ondulation 8 dans sa portion centrale 8c et le poinçon inférieur 28 présente une forme 31 complémentaire à celle de l'empreinte 30 de l'élément de matrice supérieur 29. Furthermore, with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13, it can be seen that the folding device 11 also comprises a lower punch 28 carried by the frame 12 and 15, and an upper die member 29 carried by the upper frame 13. The lower punch 28 and the upper die member 29 allow the formation of the central portion 8c of undulation. To do this, as illustrated in FIG. 13, the upper die element 29 has an impression 30 corresponding to the shape of the corrugation 8 in its central portion 8c and the lower punch 28 has a shape 31 complementary to that of the imprint 30 of the upper die member 29.
Comme représenté sur la figure 13, l'élément de matrice supérieur 29 est monté mobile verticalement sur le bâti supérieur 13 via un dispositif de guidage. Le dispositif de guidage comporte deux tubes guides 32 verticaux, fixés sur le bâti supérieur 13, et l'élément de matrice supérieur 29 présente des alésages qui sont engagés autour desdits tubes guides 32 afin de guider le mouvement de l'élément de matrice supérieur 29 par rapport au bâti supérieur 13. Par ailleurs, des plaques de retenu 33, présentant un diamètre supérieure aux alésages de l'élément de matrice supérieur 29, sont fixées à l'extrémité inférieure des tubes guides 32 et permettent ainsi de retenir l'élément de matrice supérieur 29 sur le bâti supérieur 13.  As shown in Fig. 13, the upper die member 29 is mounted vertically movable on the upper frame 13 via a guide device. The guide device comprises two vertical guide tubes 32 fixed to the upper frame 13, and the upper die member 29 has bores which are engaged around said guide tubes 32 to guide the movement of the upper die member 29 relative to the upper frame 13. On the other hand, retaining plates 33, having a diameter greater than the bores of the upper die member 29, are fixed to the lower end of the guide tubes 32 and thus allow the element to be retained. upper die 29 on the upper frame 13.
Par ailleurs, des ressorts de compression 34 exercent un effort élastique entre le bâti supérieur 13 et l'élément de matrice supérieur 29. Pour ce faire, les ressorts de compression 34 comportent une première extrémité logée dans un trou borgne, ménagé dans le bâti supérieur 13 et une seconde extrémité logée dans un trou borgne, ménagé dans l'élément de matrice supérieur 29.  Moreover, compression springs 34 exert an elastic force between the upper frame 13 and the upper die member 29. To do this, the compression springs 34 comprise a first end housed in a blind hole, formed in the upper frame 13 and a second end housed in a blind hole formed in the upper die member 29.
Comme représenté sur la figure 10, l'élément de matrice supérieur 29 comporte, de part et d'autre de son empreinte 30, des portions en forme de coin 35 présentant une forme complémentaire à la forme de la pièce d'angle 1. Les portions en forme de coin 35 présentent un angle sensiblement identique à l'angle de la pièce d'angle 1 et comportent deux surfaces inclinées 36, 37 dont l'une 36 est destinée à venir contre une surface intérieure de l'une des ailes 2, 3 de la pièce d'angle et dont l'autre est destinée à venir contre une surface intérieure de l'autre des ailes 2, 3, lorsque le bâti supérieur 13 se déplace vers sa position de pliage. Ainsi, lorsque la bâti supérieur 13 se déplace vers sa position de pliage, l'élément de matrice supérieur 10 vient plaquer la pièce d'angle 1 au niveau de l'arête 4 et des surfaces intérieures des ailes 2, 3 (voirfigures17 et 21 ). Le poinçon inférieur 28 est monté mobile sur le bâti inférieur 12 entre une position basse de repos, représentée sur les figures 10, 12, 13, 14, 16 et 17 et une position haute de pliage, représentée sur les figures 18, 20 et 21. As shown in FIG. 10, the upper die member 29 has, on either side of its fingerprint 30, wedge-shaped portions 35 having a shape complementary to the shape of the corner piece 1. The corner-shaped portions 35 have an angle substantially identical to the angle of the corner piece 1 and comprise two inclined surfaces 36, 37, one of which 36 is intended to come against an inner surface of one of the wings 2 , 3 of the corner piece and the other is intended to come against an inner surface of the other of the wings 2, 3, when the upper frame 13 moves to its folding position. Thus, when the upper frame 13 moves towards its folding position, the upper die member 10 comes to press the corner piece 1 at the edge 4 and the inner surfaces of the wings 2, 3 (see FIGS. 17 and 21). ). The lower punch 28 is movably mounted on the lower frame 12 between a low rest position, shown in Figures 10, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 17 and an upper folding position, shown in Figures 18, 20 and 21. .
Afin de déplacer le poinçon inférieur 28 vers sa position haute de pliage, le dispositif de pliage est équipé d'un mécanisme d'actionnement, illustré sur les figures 12, 16 et 20, qui est apte à déplacer le poinçon inférieur 28 vers le haut, vers sa position haute de pliage, lorsque le bâti supérieur 13 se déplace vers le bas en direction de sa position de pliage.  In order to move the lower punch 28 to its upper folding position, the folding device is equipped with an actuating mechanism, illustrated in Figures 12, 16 and 20, which is adapted to move the lower punch 28 upwardly. towards its upper folding position, when the upper frame 13 moves down towards its folding position.
Le mécanisme d'actionnement comporte deux leviers 38, 39. Les leviers 38, 39 sont montés articulés sur le bâti inférieur 12 autour d'un axe de rotation horizontal transversal 40, 41.  The actuating mechanism comprises two levers 38, 39. The levers 38, 39 are mounted articulated on the lower frame 12 about a horizontal transverse axis of rotation 40, 41.
Les leviers 38, 39 comportent chacun une première extrémité 42 passant au travers d'une ouverture ménagée dans les éléments de matrice inférieur 14, 15 et débouchant dans la rainure 18 desdits éléments de matrice inférieurs 14, 15. Ainsi, la première extrémité 42 de chaque levier 38, 39 est destinée à coopérer, en fonctionnement avec une portion de la tôle métallique destinée à être pliée par le poinçon 22 de la contre-matrice supérieure 19, 20 en vis-à-vis. Par ailleurs, les leviers 38, 39 comportent une seconde extrémité 43 coopérant avec le poinçon inférieur 28 afin de le déplacer. La première extrémité 42 des leviers porte une pièce de contact 44 qui est, d'une part, montée articulée sur la première extrémité 42 des leviers via une rotule et, d'autre part, comporte une semelle plane d'appui destinée à coopérer avec la pièce d'angle 1. Un tel agencement permet d'obtenir une surface de contact entre le levier 38, 39 et la pièce d'angle 1 constante lors du pivotement des leviers 38, 39. Par ailleurs, la seconde extrémité 43 des leviers 38, 39 est insérée à l'intérieur d'un logement 45 du poinçon inférieur 28. Le logement 45 comporte un rebord supérieur 46 de telle sorte que lorsque les leviers 38, 39 pivotent, ils exercent sur le rebord supérieur 46 un effort tendant à déplacer le poinçon inférieur 28 vers le haut.  The levers 38, 39 each have a first end 42 passing through an opening in the lower die members 14, 15 and opening into the groove 18 of said lower die members 14, 15. Thus, the first end 42 of each lever 38, 39 is intended to cooperate, in operation with a portion of the metal sheet to be folded by the punch 22 of the upper counter-matrix 19, 20 vis-à-vis. Furthermore, the levers 38, 39 have a second end 43 cooperating with the lower punch 28 to move it. The first end 42 of the levers carries a contact piece 44 which is, on the one hand, articulated on the first end 42 of the levers via a ball joint and, on the other hand, has a flat bearing sole intended to cooperate with the corner piece 1. Such an arrangement makes it possible to obtain a contact surface between the lever 38, 39 and the constant corner piece 1 during the pivoting of the levers 38, 39. Moreover, the second end 43 of the levers 38, 39 is inserted inside a housing 45 of the lower punch 28. The housing 45 has an upper flange 46 so that when the levers 38, 39 pivot, they exert on the upper flange 46 a force tending to move the lower punch 28 upwards.
Les leviers 38, 39 sont symétriques l'un par rapport à l'autre, par rapport à un plan médian transversal. Les leviers 38, 39 pivotent donc dans des sens de rotation opposés ce qui assure un équilibrage des efforts.  The levers 38, 39 are symmetrical with respect to each other, with respect to a transverse median plane. The levers 38, 39 therefore pivot in opposite directions of rotation which ensures a balancing of efforts.
En fonctionnement, lorsque le bâti supérieur 13 se déplace de sa position haute de repos vers sa position de pliage, le bâti supérieur 13 va passer par une position intermédiaire de contact, illustrée sur la figure 14, jusqu'avant que ne débute le pliage. Dans cette position, le bâti supérieur 13 prend appui sur les contre- matrices supérieures 19, 20 qui sont elles-mêmes en contact avec les ailes 2, 3 de la pièce d'angle 1. Par ailleurs, le coin 35 de l'élément de matrice supérieur 29 plaque la pièce d'angle 1 au niveau de son angle. In operation, when the upper frame 13 moves from its high rest position to its folding position, the upper frame 13 will pass through a intermediate contact position, illustrated in Figure 14, until before the folding begins. In this position, the upper frame 13 is supported on the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 which are themselves in contact with the wings 2, 3 of the corner piece 1. Moreover, the corner 35 of the element upper die 29 plates the corner piece 1 at its angle.
Par la suite, lorsque les poinçons 22 des contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 s'engagent à l'intérieur des rainures 18 de éléments de matrice inférieures 14, 15, les poinçons 22 exercent sur les premières extrémités 42 des leviers 38, 39 une force tendant à les faire pivoter de telle sorte que les secondes extrémités 43 des leviers 38, 39 agissent sur le poinçon inférieur 28 afin de le déplacer vers sa position haute de pliage dans laquelle il s'engage à l'intérieur de l'empreinte 30 de l'élément de matrice supérieure 29. Ainsi, au fur et à mesure de la formation des portions extrêmes 8a, 8b de l'ondulation 8 par pression des contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 contre les éléments de matrice inférieurs 14, 15, le poinçon inférieur 28 se déplace vers sa position haute de pliage et s'engage à l'intérieur de l'empreinte 30 de l'élément de matrice supérieur 29 de sorte à former la portion centrale 8c de l'ondulation 8.  Subsequently, when the punches 22 of the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 engage inside the grooves 18 of lower die elements 14, 15, the punches 22 exert on the first ends 42 of the levers 38, 39 a force tending to rotate them so that the second ends 43 of the levers 38, 39 act on the lower punch 28 to move it to its upper folding position in which it engages inside the cavity 30 of the upper die member 29. Thus, as the end portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation 8 are formed by pressing the upper countermatrices 19, 20 against the lower die members 14, 15, the lower punch 28 moves to its upper folding position and engages inside the cavity 30 of the upper die element 29 so as to form the central portion 8c of the corrugation 8.
La géométrie de l'empreinte 30 de l'élément de matrice supérieur 29 et la géométrie du poinçon inférieur 28 sont décrites ci-dessous, en relation avec les figures 22 et 23.  The geometry of the impression 30 of the upper die member 29 and the geometry of the lower punch 28 are described below, in connection with Figs. 22 and 23.
L'empreinte 30, illustrée sur la figure 22, présente une section transversale de forme sensiblement triangulaire ou semi-elliptique. Par ailleurs, l'empreinte 30 présente en coupe selon un plan longitudinal une légère convexité permettant de former une onde transversale à la direction longitudinale de l'ondulation 8, au niveau de sa portion centrale 8c. Par ailleurs, l'élément de matrice supérieure 29 comporte, longitudinalement, de part et d'autre de l'empreinte 30 des contre-couteaux 47, en forme de lame, s'étendant selon la direction longitudinale et destiné à venir en appui contre les ailes 2, 3 de la pièce d'angle 1. Les contre-couteaux 47 présentent également une convexité dirigée vers le bas afin de former des ondes transversales à la direction longitudinale de l'ondulation 8 au niveau de sa portion centrale 8c.  The impression 30, illustrated in Figure 22, has a cross section of substantially triangular or semi-elliptical shape. Furthermore, the impression 30 has in section along a longitudinal plane a slight convexity to form a wave transverse to the longitudinal direction of the corrugation 8, at its central portion 8c. Furthermore, the upper die element 29 comprises, longitudinally, on either side of the footprint 30 of the counter-knives 47, blade-shaped, extending in the longitudinal direction and intended to bear against the wings 2, 3 of the corner piece 1. The counter-knives 47 also have a convexity directed downwards to form waves transverse to the longitudinal direction of the corrugation 8 at its central portion 8c.
Le poinçon inférieur 28, illustré sur la figure 23, présente une forme 31 complémentaire à la forme de l'empreinte 30 de l'élément de matrice supérieur 29. Ainsi, le poinçon inférieur 28 présente, dans une partie centrale, une section transversale de forme sensiblement triangulaire ou semi-elliptique. Par ailleurs, le poinçon inférieur 28 présente en coupe selon un plan longitudinal une légère concavité. Longitudinalement de part et d'autre de sa partie centrale, le poinçon inférieure 28 comporte des couteaux 48, en forme de lame, disposés en vis-à-vis des contre-couteaux 47 et destinés à déformer la pièce d'angle au niveau des extrémités de sa portion centrale 8c. The lower punch 28, illustrated in FIG. 23, has a shape 31 complementary to the shape of the cavity 30 of the upper die element 29. Thus, the lower punch 28 has, in a central part, a section transversely of substantially triangular or semi-elliptical shape. Furthermore, the lower punch 28 has in section along a longitudinal plane a slight concavity. Longitudinally on either side of its central part, the lower punch 28 comprises knives 48, in the shape of a blade, arranged opposite the counter-knives 47 and intended to deform the corner piece at the level of the ends of its central portion 8c.
L'utilisation du dispositif de pliage sera maintenant décrite de manière détaillée.  The use of the folding device will now be described in detail.
Dans un premier temps, une tôle métallique est préalablement cintrée afin de former une pièce d'angle 1 comportant deux ailes 2, 3 inclinées l'une par rapport à l'autre autour d'une arête 4.  In a first step, a metal sheet is previously bent to form a corner piece 1 having two flanges 2, 3 inclined relative to each other around an edge 4.
Par la suite, la pièce d'angle 1 ainsi réalisée est positionnée contre les éléments de matrice inférieurs 14, 15. L'angle saillant de la pièce d'angle est dirigé vers le bâti supérieur 13 de telle sorte que les surfaces extérieures des ailes 2, 3 reposent contre les surfaces d'appui 17 des éléments de matrice inférieurs 14, 15.  Subsequently, the corner piece 1 thus produced is positioned against the lower die elements 14, 15. The projecting angle of the corner piece is directed towards the upper frame 13 so that the outer surfaces of the wings 2, 3 rest against the bearing surfaces 17 of the lower die elements 14, 15.
Lorsque la pièce d'angle 1 a été correctement positionnée, le bâti supérieur 13 est déplacé vers le bas à partir de sa position de repos, illustré sur les figures 7 et 10 à 13. Lors de son mouvement vers sa position de fin de course, le bâti supérieur 13 prend appui contre les contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 (voir figures 14 et 16) afin de la déplacer vers leur position de pliage et les portions en forme de coin 35 de l'élément de matrice supérieure 29 viennent se plaquer contre la surface intérieure de la pièce d'angle 1 , dans sa zone d'angle (voir figures 14 et 17).  When the corner piece 1 has been correctly positioned, the upper frame 13 is moved downwards from its rest position, illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 10 to 13. During its movement towards its end position the upper frame 13 bears against the upper countermatrices 19, 20 (see FIGS. 14 and 16) in order to move it to their folding position and the wedge-shaped portions 35 of the upper die member 29 come into contact with each other. press against the inner surface of the corner piece 1, in its corner area (see Figures 14 and 17).
Par la suite, lorsque le bâti supérieur 13 descend vers sa position de fin de course, les poinçons 22 des contre-matrices supérieures 19, 20 s'engagent à l'intérieur des rainures 18 de éléments de matrice inférieures 14, 15, afin de former les portions extrêmes 8a, 8b de l'ondulation 8 (voir figures 18, 19 et 21 ).  Subsequently, when the upper frame 13 descends to its end position, the punches 22 of the upper counter-matrices 19, 20 engage inside the grooves 18 of lower die elements 14, 15, in order to forming the end portions 8a, 8b of the corrugation 8 (see Figures 18, 19 and 21).
Lorsque les poinçons 22 s'engagent à l'intérieur des rainures 18, la tôle métallique exerce un effort sur les leviers d'actionnement 38, 39 du poinçon inférieur 28 de telle sorte que celui-ci se déplace vers sa position haute de pliage et s'engage à l'intérieur de l'empreinte 30 de l'élément de matrice supérieur 29 de sorte à former la portion centrale 8c de l'ondulation 8 (voir figure 20). Bien que le dispositif de pliage et son utilisation aient été décrits en liaison avec un mode de réalisation particulier, il est bien évident qu'ils n'y sont nullement limités. En particulier, il est bien évident que si le dispositif de pliage illustré sur les figures 7 à 23 est destiné à former une ondulation dans une pièce d'angle présentant un angle de l'ordre de 135°, il pourra être aisément modifié pour former une ondulation dans une pièce d'angle présentant tout autre angle, et notamment 90°. When the punches 22 engage inside the grooves 18, the metal sheet exerts a force on the actuating levers 38, 39 of the lower punch 28 so that it moves to its upper folding position and engages inside the imprint 30 of the upper die member 29 so as to form the central portion 8c of the corrugation 8 (see Figure 20). Although the folding device and its use have been described in connection with a particular embodiment, it is obvious that they are in no way limited thereto. In particular, it is obvious that if the folding device illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 23 is intended to form a corrugation in a corner piece having an angle of the order of 135 °, it can be easily modified to form a corrugation in a corner piece having any other angle, and in particular 90 °.
En référence à la figure 24, une vue écorchée d'un navire méthanier 70 montre une cuve étanche et isolée 71 de forme générale prismatique montée dans la double coque 72 du navire. La paroi de la cuve 71 comporte une barrière étanche primaire destinée à être en contact avec le GNL contenu dans la cuve, une barrière étanche secondaire agencée entre la barrière étanche primaire et la double coque 72 du navire, et deux barrières isolante agencées respectivement entre la barrière étanche primaire et la barrière étanche secondaire et entre la barrière étanche secondaire et la double coque 72.  Referring to Figure 24, a cutaway view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. The wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
De manière connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73 disposées sur le pont supérieur du navire peuvent être raccordées, au moyen de connecteurs appropriées, à un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transférer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve 71.  In a manner known per se, loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
La figure 24 représente un exemple de terminal maritime comportant un poste de chargement et de déchargement 75, une conduite sous-marine 76 et une installation à terre 77. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 est une installation fixe off-shore comportant un bras mobile 74 et une tour 78 qui supporte le bras mobile 74. Le bras mobile 74 porte un faisceau de tuyaux flexibles isolés 79 pouvant se connecter aux canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73. Le bras mobile 74 orientable s'adapte à tous les gabarits de méthaniers. Une conduite de liaison non représentée s'étend à l'intérieur de la tour 78. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 permet le chargement et le déchargement du méthanier 70 depuis ou vers l'installation à terre 77. Celle-ci comporte des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié 80 et des conduites de liaison 81 reliées par la conduite sous-marine 76 au poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75. La conduite sous-marine 76 permet le transfert du gaz liquéfié entre le poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75 et l'installation à terre 77 sur une grande distance, par exemple 5 km, ce qui permet de garder le navire méthanier 70 à grande distance de la côte pendant les opérations de chargement et de déchargement. FIG. 24 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74. The movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73. The movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges of LNG carriers . A connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77. liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting lines 81 connected by the underwater line 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the installation on land 77 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG tanker 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en œuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire 70 et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre 77 et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75.  In order to generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention.  Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention.
L'usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « inclure » et de ses formes conjuguées n'exclut pas la présence d'autres éléments ou d'autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication. L'usage de l'article indéfini « un » ou « une » pour un élément ou une étape n'exclut pas, sauf mention contraire, la présence d'une pluralité de tels éléments ou étapes.  The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps other than those set out in a claim. The use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" for an element or a step does not exclude, unless otherwise stated, the presence of a plurality of such elements or steps.
Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication.  In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de pliage (11 ) destiné à la formation d'une ondulation (8) dans une pièce d'angle (1 ) comportant une première et une seconde ailes (2, 3) planes inclinées l'une par rapport à l'autre et se rejoignant au niveau d'une arête (4), l'ondulation (8) à former étant destinée à s'étendre selon une direction longitudinale sécante à l'arête (4) d'un bout à l'autre de l'autre de la pièce d'angle (1 ) de sorte à permettre une déformation de la pièce d'angle (1 ) selon une direction transversale, parallèle à l'arête (4) ; l'ondulation à former comportant une première portion extrême (8a) et une seconde portion extrême (8b) disposées respectivement sur la première aile (2) et sur la seconde aile (3) de part et d'autre de l'arête (4) et saillantes vers l'extérieur de la pièce d'angle (1 ) et une portion centrale (8c) chevauchant l'arête (4) et saillante vers l'intérieur de la pièce d'angle (1 ), ladite portion centrale (8c) s'étendant entre la première et la seconde portions extrêmes (8a, 8b), dans le prolongement desdites première et seconde portions extrêmes (8a, 8b), le dispositif de pliage (11 ) comportant: A folding device (11) for forming a corrugation (8) in a corner piece (1) having first and second plane wings (2, 3) inclined with respect to the another and joining at an edge (4), the undulation (8) to be formed being intended to extend in a longitudinal direction secant to the edge (4) from one end to the other of the other of the corner piece (1) so as to allow a deformation of the corner piece (1) in a transverse direction, parallel to the edge (4); the corrugation to be formed comprising a first end portion (8a) and a second end portion (8b) respectively disposed on the first flange (2) and on the second flange (3) on either side of the edge (4). ) and protruding outwardly of the corner piece (1) and a central portion (8c) overlapping the edge (4) and protruding inwardly of the corner piece (1), said central portion (1c) 8c) extending between the first and the second end portions (8a, 8b), in the extension of said first and second end portions (8a, 8b), the folding device (11) comprising:
- un bâti inférieur (12) ;  - a lower frame (12);
- deux éléments de matrice inférieurs (14, 15) portés par le bâti inférieur (12) et comportant chacun une surface d'appui (17), les deux surfaces d'appui (17) étant respectivement destinées à recevoir une surface extérieure de l'une et l'autre des ailes (2, 3) de la pièce d'angle (1 ) et étant inclinées l'une par rapport à l'autre autour d'un axe d'arête horizontal correspondant à l'arête (4) de la pièce d'angle (1 ) lorsque les ailes (2, 3) de la pièce d'angle (1 ) sont reçues contre les surfaces d'appui (17), les deux éléments de matrice inférieurs (14, 15) comportant chacun une rainure (18) correspondant respectivement à la forme de l'une et l'autre des première et seconde portions extrêmes (8a, 8b) de l'ondulation (8);  - two lower die elements (14, 15) carried by the lower frame (12) and each having a bearing surface (17), the two bearing surfaces (17) being respectively intended to receive an outer surface of the one and the other of the wings (2, 3) of the corner piece (1) and being inclined relative to each other about a horizontal edge axis corresponding to the edge (4). ) of the corner piece (1) when the wings (2, 3) of the corner piece (1) are received against the bearing surfaces (17), the two lower die elements (14, 15) each having a groove (18) respectively corresponding to the shape of the one and the other of the first and second end portions (8a, 8b) of the corrugation (8);
- deux contre-matrices supérieures (19, 20) qui sont respectivement associées à l'un et l'autre des deux éléments de matrice inférieurs (14, 15) et disposées en vis- à-vis de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé, chaque contre-matrice supérieure (19, 20) comportant une surface de serrage (21 ) parallèle à la surface d'appui (17) de élément de matrice inférieur associé (14, 15) et un poinçon (22) présentant une forme complémentaire à la rainure (18) de l'élément de matrice inférieur (14, 15) associé; chacune des deux contre-matrices supérieures (19, 20) étant mobile orthogonalement à la surface d'appui (17) de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé (14, 15) entre une position de repos et une position de pliage dans laquelle le poinçon (22) de la contre-matrice supérieure (19, 20) est engagé à l'intérieur de la rainure (18) de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé (14, 15) de manière à former la première et la seconde portions extrêmes de l'ondulation ; two upper counter-matrices (19, 20) which are respectively associated with one and the other of the two lower matrix elements (14, 15) and arranged opposite the associated lower matrix element , each upper counter-die (19, 20) having a clamping surface (21) parallel to the associated lower die support surface (17) (14, 15) and a complementary shape die (22) the groove (18) of the associated lower die member (14, 15); each of the two upper counter-matrices (19, 20) being movable orthogonally to the bearing surface (17) of the associated lower die member (14, 15) between a resting position and a folding position in which the punch (22) of the upper counter-die (19, 20) ) is engaged within the groove (18) of the associated lower die member (14, 15) to form the first and second end portions of the corrugation;
- un bâti supérieur (13) mobile, selon une direction verticale sécante à l'axe d'arête, par rapport au bâti inférieur (12) entre une position de repos et une position de pliage ;  - an upper frame (13) movable, in a vertical direction secant to the edge axis, relative to the lower frame (12) between a rest position and a folding position;
- un élément de matrice supérieur (29), disposé entre les contre-matrices supérieures (19, 20), porté par le bâti supérieur (13), ledit élément de matrice supérieur (29) comportant une empreinte (30) présentant une forme correspondant à la forme de la portion centrale (8c) de l'ondulation (8); et  an upper die element (29) disposed between the upper counter-matrices (19, 20) carried by the upper frame (13), said upper die element (29) having an imprint (30) having a corresponding shape in the form of the central portion (8c) of the corrugation (8); and
- un poinçon inférieur (31 ) disposé entre les deux éléments de matrice inférieurs (14, 15), en vis-à-vis de l'élément de matrice supérieur (29), et présentant une forme complémentaire à l'empreinte (30) de l'élément de matrice supérieur (29), le poinçon inférieur (31 ) étant monté mobile sur le bâti inférieur (12), selon ladite direction verticale sécante à l'axe d'arête, entre une position basse de repos et une position haute de pliage, dans laquelle, lorsque le bâti supérieur (13) est dans sa position de pliage, le poinçon inférieur (31 ) est engagé à l'intérieur de l'empreinte (30) de l'élément de matrice supérieur (29) de manière à former la portion centrale (8c) de l'ondulation (8).  - a lower punch (31) disposed between the two lower die members (14, 15), opposite the upper die member (29), and having a shape complementary to the fingerprint (30) of the upper die member (29), the lower punch (31) being movably mounted on the lower frame (12), in said vertical direction secant to the edge axis, between a low rest position and a position high folding, in which, when the upper frame (13) is in its folding position, the lower punch (31) is engaged inside the cavity (30) of the upper die element (29) to form the central portion (8c) of the corrugation (8).
2. Dispositif (11 ) de pliage selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel la direction verticale sécante à l'axe d'arête correspond à la bissectrice de l'angle formé par les deux surfaces d'appui (17).  2. Device (11) for folding according to claim 1, wherein the vertical direction secant to the axis of edge corresponds to the bisector of the angle formed by the two bearing surfaces (17).
3. Dispositif de pliage (1 1 ) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel : Folding device (1 1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
- les contre-matrices supérieures (19, 20) sont rappelées à distance de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé (14, 15) en direction de leur position de repos par un organe de rappel (24) ; et  - The upper counter-matrices (19, 20) are remotely remoted from the associated lower matrix element (14, 15) towards their rest position by a return member (24); and
-le bâti supérieur (13) est apte à prendre appui contre les contre-matrices supérieures (19, 20) lors de sa course entre sa position de repos et sa position de pliage de telle sorte que le mouvement du bâti supérieur (13) de sa position de repos vers sa position de pliage entraîne le mouvement des contre-matrices supérieures (19, 20) de leur position de repos vers leur position de pliage. the upper frame (13) is able to bear against the upper counter-matrices (19, 20) during its travel between its rest position and its folding position so that the movement of the upper frame (13) of his position of rest towards its folding position causes the movement of the upper counter-matrices (19, 20) from their rest position to their folding position.
4. Dispositif de pliage (11 ) selon la revendication 3, dans lequel les contre- matrices supérieures (19, 20) comportent chacune un galet (25) apte à former un appui du bâti supérieur (13) lors de sa course entre sa position de repos et sa position de pliage.  4. Folding device (11) according to claim 3, wherein the upper counter-matrices (19, 20) each comprise a roller (25) adapted to form a support of the upper frame (13) during its race between its position rest and its folding position.
5. Dispositif de pliage (11 ) selon la revendication 3 ou 4, dans lequel les contre-matrices supérieures (19, 20) sont chacune montées coulissantes sur l'élément de matrice inférieur associé (14, 15) par l'intermédiaire de tubes guides (23), portés par les éléments de matrice inférieurs (14, 15) et coulissant dans des alésages ménagés dans les contre-matrices supérieures (19, 20).  Folding device (11) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the upper counter-matrices (19, 20) are each slidably mounted on the associated lower matrix element (14, 15) via tubes guides (23), carried by the lower die members (14, 15) and sliding in bores in the upper countermatrices (19, 20).
6. Dispositif de pliage (11 ) selon la revendication 5, comportant une pluralité d'organes de rappel rappelant chacune des contre-matrices supérieures (19, 20) en direction de sa position de repos, les organes de rappel étant des ressorts de compression (24) ou des vérins à gaz exerçant un effort de rappel entre l'élément de matrice inférieur (14, 15) et sa contre-matrice supérieure associée (19, 20).  6. Folding device (11) according to claim 5, comprising a plurality of return members each reminding each of the upper counter-matrix (19, 20) towards its rest position, the return members being compression springs. (24) or gas cylinders exerting a return force between the lower die member (14, 15) and its associated upper counter-die (19, 20).
7. Dispositif de pliage (11 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, comportant un mécanisme d'actionnement du poinçon inférieur (28) apte à déplacer automatiquement le poinçon inférieur (28) vers sa position haute de pliage lorsque le bâti supérieur (13) se déplace vers le bas en direction de sa position de pliage. 7. Folding device (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising an actuating mechanism of the lower punch (28) adapted to automatically move the lower punch (28) to its upper folding position when the frame upper (13) moves down towards its folding position.
8. Dispositif de pliage (11 ) selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le mécanisme d'actionnement du poinçon inférieur comprend deux leviers (38, 39) qui sont chacun montés articulés sur le bâti inférieur (12) et comportent chacun : Folding device (11) according to claim 7, wherein the lower punch actuating mechanism comprises two levers (38, 39) which are each hingedly mounted on the lower frame (12) and each comprise:
- une première extrémité (42) pourvue d'une surface d'appui, s'étendant à l'intérieur de la rainure (18) de l'un des éléments de matrice inférieurs (14, 15) et apte à coopérer, en fonctionnement, avec une portion de la pièce d'angle (1 ) destinée à être pliée pour former la première ou la seconde portion extrême (8a, 8b) de l'ondulation (8) de telle sorte que le levier (38, 39) pivote lorsque la contre-matrice supérieur (19, 20) en vis-à-vis se déplace vers sa position de pliage; et  - a first end (42) provided with a bearing surface, extending inside the groove (18) of one of the lower die elements (14, 15) and able to cooperate, in operation with a portion of the corner piece (1) to be folded to form the first or the second end portion (8a, 8b) of the corrugation (8) so that the lever (38, 39) pivots when the upper counter-matrix (19, 20) vis-à-vis moves towards its folding position; and
- une seconde extrémité (43) coopérant avec le poinçon inférieur (28) de manière à déplacer le poinçon inférieur (28) vers sa position haute de pliage lorsque, en raison d'un déplacement de la contre-matrice supérieur (19, 20) vers sa position de pliage, le levier (38, 39) pivote. a second end (43) cooperating with the lower punch (28) so as to move the lower punch (28) towards its upper folding position when, due to from a displacement of the upper counter-matrix (19, 20) towards its folding position, the lever (38, 39) pivots.
9. Dispositif de pliage (11 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel l'élément de matrice supérieur (29) est monté mobile verticalement sur le bâti supérieur (13), l'élément de matrice supérieur (29) étant rappelé à distance du bâti supérieur (13) par un organe de rappel (34).  The folding device (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the upper die member (29) is mounted vertically movable on the upper frame (13), the upper die member (29) ) being remotely recalled from the upper frame (13) by a return member (34).
10. Dispositif de pliage (11 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel l'élément de matrice supérieur (29) comporte de part et d'autre de l'empreinte (30), une portion en forme de coin (35) complémentaire à la forme de la pièce d'angle (1 ), ladite portion en forme de coin (35) étant destinée à venir en appui contre l'arête (4) et contre des surfaces intérieures des ailes (2, 3) de la pièce d'angle (4) lorsque la bâti supérieur (13) est en position de pliage.  Folding device (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the upper die element (29) comprises on either side of the cavity (30), a portion in the form of corner (35) complementary to the shape of the corner piece (1), said wedge-shaped portion (35) being intended to bear against the edge (4) and against the inner surfaces of the wings (2, 3) of the corner piece (4) when the upper frame (13) is in the folding position.
11. Dispositif de pliage (11 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel le poinçon inférieur (28) comporte une partie centrale présentant une section transversale de forme semi-elliptique ou triangulaire.  11. Folding device (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the lower punch (28) comprises a central portion having a cross section of semi-elliptical or triangular shape.
12. Dispositif de pliage (11 ) selon la revendication 11 , dans lequel la partie centrale du poinçon inférieur (28) présente, selon l'axe longitudinal de l'ondulation à former, une concavité.  12. Folding device (11) according to claim 11, wherein the central portion of the lower punch (28) has, along the longitudinal axis of the corrugation to be formed, a concavity.
13. Dispositif de pliage (1 1 ) selon la revendication 11 ou 12, dans lequel le poinçon inférieur (28) comporte deux couteaux (48) disposés longitudinalement de part et d'autre de la partie centrale et présentant chacun au moins une concavité, selon l'axe longitudinal de l'ondulation (8) à former.  13. Folding device (1 1) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the lower punch (28) comprises two knives (48) arranged longitudinally on either side of the central portion and each having at least one concavity, along the longitudinal axis of the corrugation (8) to be formed.
14. Dispositif de pliage (1 1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, dans lequel l'empreinte (30) de l'élément de matrice supérieur (29) présente une section transversale à l'axe de l'ondulation (8) à former, de forme semi-elliptique ou triangulaire.  Folding device (1 1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the imprint (30) of the upper die element (29) has a cross section to the axis of the corrugation (8) to form, semi-elliptical or triangular shape.
15. Dispositif de pliage (1 1 ) selon la revendication 14, dans lequel l'empreinte (30) de l'élément de matrice supérieur (29) présente, selon l'axe longitudinal de l'ondulation à former une convexité.  15. Folding device (1 1) according to claim 14, wherein the imprint (30) of the upper die element (29) has, along the longitudinal axis of the corrugation to form a convexity.
16. Dispositif de pliage (11 ) selon la revendication 14 ou 15, dans lequel l'élément de matrice supérieur (29) présente deux contre-couteaux (47) disposés longitudinalement de part et d'autre de l'empreinte (30) et présentant selon l'axe longitudinal de l'ondulation à former au moins une convexité. 16. Folding device (11) according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the upper die element (29) has two counter knives (47) arranged longitudinally on either side of the cavity (30) and having along the longitudinal axis of the corrugation to form at least one convexity.
17. Méthode d'utilisation d'un dispositif de pliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16, pour former une ondulation (8) dans une pièce d'angle (1 ) comportant deux ailes (2, 3) planes inclinées l'une par rapport à l'autre et se rejoignant au niveau d'une arête (4) au moyen d'un dispositif de pliage (11 ), l'ondulation (8) à former étant destinée à s'étendre selon une direction longitudinale sécante à l'arête (4) d'un bout à l'autre de l'autre de la pièce d'angle (1 ) de sorte à permettre une déformation de la pièce d'angle (1) selon une direction transversale, parallèle à l'arête (4) ; l'ondulation à former comportant une première portion extrême (8a) et une seconde portion extrême (8b) disposées respectivement sur la première aile (2) et sur la seconde aile (3) de part et d'autre de l'arête (4) et saillantes vers l'extérieur de la pièce d'angle (1 ) et une portion centrale (8c) chevauchant l'arête (4) et saillante vers l'intérieur de la pièce d'angle (1 ), ladite portion centrale (8c) s'étendant entre la première et la seconde portions extrêmes (8a, 8b), dans le prolongement desdites première et seconde portions extrêmes (8a, 8b), le dispositif de pliage (11 ) comportant: 17. A method of using a folding device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, for forming a corrugation (8) in a corner piece (1) having two flanges (2, 3) inclined plane l one to the other and joining at one edge (4) by means of a folding device (11), the undulation (8) to be formed being intended to extend in a longitudinal direction secant at the edge (4) from one end to the other of the other of the corner piece (1) so as to allow a deformation of the corner piece (1) in a transverse, parallel direction at the edge (4); the corrugation to be formed comprising a first end portion (8a) and a second end portion (8b) respectively disposed on the first flange (2) and on the second flange (3) on either side of the edge (4). ) and protruding outwardly of the corner piece (1) and a central portion (8c) overlapping the edge (4) and protruding inwardly of the corner piece (1), said central portion (1c) 8c) extending between the first and the second end portions (8a, 8b), in the extension of said first and second end portions (8a, 8b), the folding device (11) comprising:
- un bâti inférieur (12) ;  - a lower frame (12);
- deux éléments de matrice inférieurs (14, 15) portés par le bâti inférieur (12) et comportant chacun une surface d'appui (17), les deux surfaces d'appui (17) étant respectivement destinées à recevoir une surface extérieure de l'une et l'autre des ailes (2, 3) de la pièce d'angle (1 ) et étant inclinées l'une par rapport à l'autre autour d'un axe d'arête horizontal correspondant à l'arête (4) de la pièce d'angle (1 ) lorsque les ailes (2, 3) de la pièce d'angle (1 ) sont reçues contre les surfaces d'appui (17), les deux éléments de matrice inférieurs (14, 15) comportant chacun une rainure (18) correspondant respectivement à la forme de l'une et l'autre des première et seconde portions extrêmes (8a, 8b) de l'ondulation (8);  - two lower die elements (14, 15) carried by the lower frame (12) and each having a bearing surface (17), the two bearing surfaces (17) being respectively intended to receive an outer surface of the one and the other of the wings (2, 3) of the corner piece (1) and being inclined relative to each other about a horizontal edge axis corresponding to the edge (4). ) of the corner piece (1) when the wings (2, 3) of the corner piece (1) are received against the bearing surfaces (17), the two lower die elements (14, 15) each having a groove (18) respectively corresponding to the shape of the one and the other of the first and second end portions (8a, 8b) of the corrugation (8);
- deux contre-matrices supérieures (19, 20) qui sont respectivement associées à l'un et l'autre des deux éléments de matrice inférieurs (14, 15) et disposées en vis- à-vis de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé, chaque contre-matrice supérieure (19, 20) comporte une surface de serrage (21 ) parallèle à la surface d'appui (17) de P élément de matrice inférieur associé (14, 15) et un poinçon (22) présentant une forme complémentaire à la rainure (18) de l'élément de matrice inférieur (14, 15) associé; chacune des deux contre-matrices supérieures (19, 20) étant mobile orthogonalement à la surface d'appui (17) de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé (14, 15) entre une position de repos et une position de pliage dans laquelle le poinçon (22) de la contre-matrice supérieure (19, 20) est engagé à l'intérieur de la rainure (18) de l'élément de matrice inférieur associé (14, 15) de manière à former la première et la seconde portions extrêmes de l'ondulation ; two upper counter-matrices (19, 20) which are respectively associated with one and the other of the two lower matrix elements (14, 15) and arranged opposite the associated lower matrix element each upper counter-die (19, 20) has a clamping surface (21) parallel to the bearing surface (17) of the associated lower die member (14, 15) and a punch (22) having a shape complementary to the groove (18) of the lower die member (14, 15) partner; each of the two upper counter-matrices (19, 20) being movable orthogonally to the bearing surface (17) of the associated lower matrix element (14, 15) between a rest position and a folding position in which the punch (22) of the upper counter-die (19, 20) is engaged within the groove (18) of the associated lower die member (14, 15) to form the first and second portions extreme ripples;
- un bâti supérieur (13) mobile, selon une direction verticale sécante à l'axe d'arête, par rapport au bâti inférieur (12) entre une position de repos et une position de pliage ;  - an upper frame (13) movable, in a vertical direction secant to the edge axis, relative to the lower frame (12) between a rest position and a folding position;
- un élément de matrice supérieur (29), disposé entre les contre-matrices supérieures (19, 20), porté par le bâti supérieur (13), ledit élément de matrice supérieur (29) comportant une empreinte (30) présentant une forme correspondant à la forme de la portion centrale (8c) de l'ondulation (8); et an upper die element (29) disposed between the upper counter-matrices (19, 20) carried by the upper frame (13), said upper die element (29) having an imprint (30) having a corresponding shape in the form of the central portion (8c) of the corrugation (8); and
- un poinçon inférieur (31 ) disposé entre les deux éléments de matrice inférieurs (14, 15), en vis-à-vis de l'élément de matrice supérieur (29), et présentant une forme complémentaire à l'empreinte (30) de l'élément de matrice supérieur (29), le poinçon inférieur (31 ) étant monté mobile sur le bâti inférieur (12), selon ladite direction verticale sécante à l'axe d'arête, entre une position basse de repos et une position haute de pliage, dans laquelle, lorsque le bâti supérieur (13) est dans sa position de pliage, le poinçon inférieur (31 ) est engagé à l'intérieur de l'empreinte (30) de l'élément de matrice supérieur (29) de manière à former la portion centrale (8c) de l'ondulation (8), ladite méthode comportant :  - a lower punch (31) disposed between the two lower die members (14, 15), opposite the upper die member (29), and having a shape complementary to the fingerprint (30) of the upper die member (29), the lower punch (31) being movably mounted on the lower frame (12), in said vertical direction secant to the edge axis, between a low rest position and a position high folding, in which, when the upper frame (13) is in its folding position, the lower punch (31) is engaged inside the cavity (30) of the upper die element (29) to form the central portion (8c) of the corrugation (8), said method comprising:
- le positionnement de la pièce d'angle (1 ) de telle sorte que les ailes (2, 3) de la pièce d'angle soient respectivement en appui contre la surface d'appui (17) de l'un et l'autre des éléments de matrice inférieurs (14, 15);  the positioning of the corner piece (1) so that the wings (2, 3) of the corner piece are respectively in abutment against the bearing surface (17) of the one and the other lower matrix elements (14, 15);
- le déplacement des deux contre-matrices (19, 20) vers leur position de pliage et le déplacement du poinçon inférieur (28) dans sa position haute de pliage afin de former les première et seconde portions extrêmes (8a, 8b) et la portion centrale (8c) de l'ondulation (8).  the displacement of the two countermatrices (19, 20) towards their folding position and the movement of the lower punch (28) in its upper folding position in order to form the first and second end portions (8a, 8b) and the portion central (8c) of the corrugation (8).
PCT/FR2015/052263 2014-09-01 2015-08-25 Folding device for forming a corrugation in a corner pieces and method for use of same WO2016034791A1 (en)

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FR1458164A FR3025122B1 (en) 2014-09-01 2014-09-01 ANGLE PIECE AND FOLDING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FORMING CORRUGATION IN AN ANGLE PIECE
FR1458164 2014-09-01

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FR3025122A1 (en) 2016-03-04
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CN107076360B (en) 2019-12-24
FR3025122B1 (en) 2017-03-31

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