WO2016026882A1 - A casing for a steam turbine and a method for operation thereof - Google Patents

A casing for a steam turbine and a method for operation thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016026882A1
WO2016026882A1 PCT/EP2015/069006 EP2015069006W WO2016026882A1 WO 2016026882 A1 WO2016026882 A1 WO 2016026882A1 EP 2015069006 W EP2015069006 W EP 2015069006W WO 2016026882 A1 WO2016026882 A1 WO 2016026882A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
casing
temperature
heater component
heater
steam turbine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/069006
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gaurav Kumar
Ranvijay Singh
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2016026882A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016026882A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/32—Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/60—Fluid transfer
    • F05D2260/602—Drainage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/60—Fluid transfer
    • F05D2260/608—Aeration, ventilation, dehumidification or moisture removal of closed spaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a casing for a steam turbine having an outer surface, an inner surface, and a condensate remover for removing a condensate formable in the casing.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for operation of a casing for a steam turbine, the method comprising of heating at least a portion of the casing for transforming a physical state of a condensate.
  • Such a system for removing condensates is already known, for example, in US7789618.
  • the system disclosed therein includes a groove for collecting water droplets, and a plurality of moisture removal holes originating within the groove in the flowpath of a steam turbine.
  • the grooves act as moisture col ⁇ lectors that are located in an outer sidewall of the steam turbine, being axially positioned upstream and in close proximity to the leading edge of a nozzle.
  • Another such system for removing condensates is also disclosed in US 4,948,335.
  • the system disclosed therein incorpo ⁇ rates a collection slot adjacent a last rotating stage of the steam turbine with the collection slot being vented outside the turbine by bores through the turbine wall.
  • Moisture re- moval is enhanced by the use of pumps connected to each of the bores for suctioning water from the collection slot.
  • the suctioned moisture is returned to the system after passing to a condenser.
  • condensates or water droplets are formed in the flow path of the steam defined by the casing.
  • These condensates that are formed in the casing can adversely affect the operation of the steam turbine. Furthermore, it can also cause erosion and damage to the blades of the steam turbine.
  • the aforementioned state of art depicts the systems known for removing the con ⁇ densates from the steam flow path. These systems incorporate additional constructional features like grooves, pipes, drains, et cetera for moisture removal. Hence, these systems are known to be expensive and take up a lot of space.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a casing for a steam turbine and a method for operation thereof of the aforementioned kind which occupies less space and is particu ⁇ larly inexpensive to produce.
  • the con- densate remover comprises a heating means for heating at least a portion of the casing for transforming a physical state of the condensate usually formed in the chamber.
  • a casing for a steam tur- bine comprises an outer surface, an inner surface and a con ⁇ densate remover for removing a condensate formable in the casing.
  • the condensate remover comprises a heating means for heating at least a portion of the casing for transforming the condensates to a gaseous state.
  • the heating means comprises a heater component and a power supply, wherein the power supply is connected to the heater component for providing an electric power.
  • the heater component and the power supply can be electrically connected, as well as located at two different locations. Such an arrangement enhances the flexibility of placing the heater component at a desired location inside/outside the casing and still be pow ⁇ ered by the power supply that can be located at an entirely different location.
  • the power supply is configurable for varying the electric power provided to the heater component. On certain occasions, such as start up and shut down of the steam turbine, the heater component is required to be heated in a controlled manner so that the con ⁇ densates are transformed to a gaseous state. The controlled heating of the heater component is achieved by a controlled power supply that can be varied easily.
  • the condensate remover further comprises a temperature sensor for de ⁇ tecting a casing temperature T c .
  • the casing temperature T c is a useful parameter, because the heating means can now be con- figured to heat the chamber based on the detected casing tem ⁇ perature T c , whereby precise heating of the casing is possi ⁇ ble for transforming the physical state of the condensate.
  • the temperature sensor is arranged on the inner surface. Since the temperature sensor is located on the inner surface, the measured temperature will be more accurate, because the tem ⁇ perature sensor is closer to the chamber of the casing.
  • the condensate remover further comprises a controller.
  • the controller is connected to the temperature sensor and also to the power supply. This is beneficial for varying the electric power provided to the heater component for varying and/or controlling the heater temperature T H of the heater component based on the casing temperature T c .
  • the heater temperature T H is required to be controlled as the heater component is re ⁇ quired to be heated to a temperature greater than the casing temperature T c .
  • the controller is connected to the tempera ⁇ ture sensor as well as the variable power supply so that the power supply to the heater component can be varied based on the casing temperature T c , which increases the precision and accuracy of a magnitude of heat provided to the casing for enhancing the efficiency of removal of the condensates.
  • the heater component is arranged on the inner surface. Such an arrangement enhances the efficiency of heat transfer from the heater component to the casing.
  • heater component is arranged on the outer surface.
  • Such an arrange ⁇ ment enhances the ease, replaceability, and maintenance of the heater component in case of any defect or malfunction of the heater component. Furthermore, by such an arrangement, it is also possible to remove any condensates that may be formed on the outer surface of the casing too.
  • heater component is arranged in a recess, wherein the recess is lo ⁇ cated between the inner surface and the outer surface.
  • the heater component is neither exposed directly to the steam flowing inside the chamber nor to an external ambience of the casing.
  • the heater component is protected and the oper ⁇ ational life of the heater component is enhanced.
  • heater component comprises an Ohmic heating element.
  • the heater com- ponent can be a resistive heating element (Ohmic effect) , radiative heating element, etched foil, et cetera.
  • Ohmic heating elements are simple and inexpensive solutions for heating the casing.
  • the heater component comprises a piezoelectric material. Hence apart from an Ohmic heating element a piezoelectric heating element may also be used. Piezoelectric heating materials are beneficial for precise controllability of heating.
  • the condensate remover further comprises an attaching means for attaching the heating means to the casing.
  • an attaching means for attaching the heating means to the casing.
  • the method there is a determin ⁇ ing of a casing temperature (T c ) and controlling the heating based on the casing temperature (T c ) .
  • the heater compo ⁇ nent is heated only to the required temperature for trans- forming the physical state of the condensates.
  • the casing is heated to a predefined temperature (T p ) prior to start up and/or shut down of the steam turbine.
  • T p a predefined temperature
  • the condensates are prevented from forming and hence any adverse affect on the functioning of the steam turbine is avoided.
  • FIGs illustrate in a schematic manner further examples of the embodiments of the invention, in which: FIG 1 depicts a perspective view of a casing for a steam
  • FIG 2 depicts an embodiment of a heating means comprised in the condensate remover referred to in FIG 1,
  • FIG 3 depicts another embodiment of a heating means com- prised in the condensate remover referred to in FIG 1,
  • FIG 4 depicts a perspective view of another embodiment of the casing referred to in FIG 1
  • FIG 5 depicts a perspective view of yet another embodiment of the casing referred to in FIG 1
  • FIG 6 depicts a flowchart of a method for operation of the casing referred to in FIG 1.
  • FIG 1 A perspective view of a casing 1 comprising a condensate re ⁇ mover 2 for removing condensates 7 formed in the casing 1 of a steam turbine (not depicted) is depicted in FIG 1.
  • the casing 1 comprises an outer surface 3 and an inner surface 4, and the outer surface 3 of the casing 1 is herein circumferentially disposed on the inner surface 4 of the casing 1.
  • the inner surface 4 partly defines a chamber 5 of the steam turbine, wherein the chamber 5 encloses a cer- tain stage (not depicted) of the steam turbine.
  • the aforemen ⁇ tioned stage includes a portion of an axial shaft (not depicted) , and a plurality of blades (not depicted) , and herein the plurality of blades is circumferentially disposed on the portion of the axial shaft.
  • the stage of the steam turbine is well-known in the art and is not elucidated herein for the purpose of brevity.
  • the condensates 7 are formed espe ⁇ cially on the inner surface 4 of the casing 1, i.e. espe- cially in the chamber 5 of the casing 1. Furthermore, the condensates 7 are typically formed during the starting up or shutting down process of the steam turbine.
  • the aforementioned condensate remover 2 is provided herewith to remove the condensates 7 formed therein.
  • the condensate remover 2 essentially comprises a heating means 8 for the purpose of heating a portion 9 of the casing 1, especially for heating the chamber 5 of the casing 1.
  • a physical state of the condensates 7 is trans ⁇ formed; especially the condensates 7 are converted to a gase ⁇ ous state, which is easily removable from the casing 1 of the steam turbine.
  • the heating means 8 is configured to heat the casing 1, whereby heat provided to the casing 1 is such that the casing 1 is heated to a certain predefined temperature T P , such that the condensates 7 pre ⁇ sent therein are transformed into a gaseous state.
  • T P a certain predefined temperature
  • the physically transformed condensates can also be removed from the casing 1 by maintaining a vacuum in a condenser (not depicted) of the steam turbine for an extended duration after a shutdown of the steam turbine.
  • the condensate remover 2 can be operated during the operation of the steam turbine, wherein the heating means 8 is configured to provide heat to the chamber 5 and maintain the casing 1 at the predefined temperature T P , whereby the formation of condensates 7 in the casing 1 is prevented.
  • the predefined temperature T P can be construed to be any temperature that is higher than a condensation tempera ⁇ ture of steam 6 inside the steam turbine.
  • the condensation temperature of steam 6 is construable as that temperature at which the steam 6 inside the steam turbine tends to forms the condensates 7 in the chamber 5 of the steam turbine.
  • the heating means 8 depicted therein comprises a heater component 10 and a power supply 11.
  • the power supply 11 is electrically connected to the heater component 10 for power ⁇ ing the heater component 10.
  • the heater component 10 is arranged on the inner surface 4 of the casing 1, such that the heater component 10 is capable of heating the chamber 5 from within the casing 1, whereby a casing temperature T c is increased to an extent such that the condensates 7 in the chamber 5 are transformed into a gaseous state .
  • An attaching means 17 is provided for the purpose of attach ⁇ ing the heating means 8 to the inner surface 4 of the casing 1.
  • the attaching means 17 comprises one or more bolts 13 and one or more corresponding holes 19 provided in the casing 1.
  • the heater component 10 can also be welded to the inner sur ⁇ face 4 of the casing 1, in order to attach the heater component 10 to the casing 1.
  • the attaching means 17 can also include high temperature epoxy resin based adhe- sives, which can be used for attaching the heater component 10 to the inner surface 4 of the casing 1.
  • the heater compo ⁇ nent 10 can be attached tightly to the casing 1 using the attaching means 17, such that the heater component 10 is not dislodged during the normal operation of the steam turbine.
  • the aforementioned one or more bolts 13 are also replaceable with similar mechanical attachment components such as screws, rivets, and the like.
  • the heater component 10 along with the attaching means 7 is depicted as an enlargement ⁇ ⁇ ' in FIG 1.
  • the power supply 11 is configured to provide electric power to the heater component 10, wherewith a heater temperature T H of the heater component 10 is increasable for the purpose of providing heat to the casing 1 of the steam turbine.
  • the electric power can be provided by the power supply to the heater component 10 either by providing direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) to the heater component 10.
  • the power supply 11 can also be a variable power supply, whereby a magnitude of the direct/alternating current provided to the heater component 10 is variable, wherewith the heater compo ⁇ nent 10 is capable of being heated to different temperatures based on the electric power provided thereto.
  • the heat produced by the heater component 10 is variable, which is beneficial in enhancing the flexibility of regulating and controlling the heating provided to the casing 1.
  • the type of electric power provided by the power supply 11 to the heater component 10 depends on a type of the heater component 10.
  • FIG 2 and FIG 3 different embodiments of the heater com ⁇ ponent 10 are depicted.
  • FIG 1 is also referred to herein for the purpose of elucidation of FIG 2 and FIG 3.
  • FIG 2 depicts an embodiment of the heater component 10, wherein the heater component 10 depicted is an Ohmic heating element, such as a metallic filament.
  • the metallic filament 10 may be manufactured using tungsten, rhenium, molybdenum, or any other suitable metal or a suitable metallic alloy.
  • the power supply 11 can herein be configured to provide either direct current or alternating current for heating the Ohmic heating element 10, wherewith the heater temperature T H of the Ohmic heating element 10 is increased.
  • the Ohmic heating element 10 can be profiled such that the Ohmic heating ele- ment 10 can be arranged circumferentially on the aforemen ⁇ tioned inner surface 4 of the casing 1 such that the chamber 5 is capable of being heated by means of the Ohmic heating element 10 for transforming the physical state of the conden ⁇ sates 7.
  • the shape and the dimensions of the Ohmic heating element 10 can be chosen depending on various factors, such as a profile of the casing 1, the magnitude of heating required for heating the casing 1 to the predefined temperature T P , et cetera.
  • FIG 3 depicts another embodiment of the heater component 10, wherein the heater component 10 depicted is a piezoelectric material.
  • the piezoelectric material 10 can comprise a piezo- electric ceramic, for example, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) .
  • the power supply 11 can herein be configured to provide direct current to the piezoelectric material 10, wherewith the heater temperature T H of the piezoelectric material 10 is increased, such that the casing 1 is heated.
  • Piezoelectric heating materials are beneficial for precise controllability of heating.
  • the shape and the dimensions of the piezoelectric material 10 can be again chosen depending on various factors, such as a profile of the casing 1, the mag ⁇ nitude of heating required for heating the casing 1 to the predefined temperature T P , et cetera.
  • the heater component 10 can also be realised as a radiative heating element, an etched foil, or the like.
  • the condensate remover 2 is also provided with a temperature sensor 14.
  • the temperature sensor 14 can be a thermocouple, a resistance temperature detector (RTD) , a thermistor, et cetera.
  • the temperature sensor 14 is arranged on the inner surface 4 of the casing 1 for the pur ⁇ pose of determination of the casing temperature T c , espe ⁇ cially the temperature of the portion 9 of the casing 1 adjoining the chamber 5.
  • the temperature sensor 14 is configured to convert/transduce the detected casing temperature T c into an electric parameter, such as an electric voltage or an electric current, which is capable of representing the deter ⁇ mined casing temperature T c .
  • the determined casing tempera ⁇ ture T c is a beneficial parameter for adjusting the heat pro ⁇ vided to the casing 1 via the heating means 8, and the same can be achieved by means of varying the electric power pro ⁇ vided by the power supply 11 to the heater component 10.
  • the deter ⁇ mined casing temperature T c can be indicated to a user, whereby the user can adjust the electric power provided to the heater component 10 for varying the heater temperature T H of the heater component 10 for varying the heat provided to the casing 1 based on the predefined temperature T P .
  • the condensate remover 2 can be operated in an open loop man ⁇ ner for removing the condensates 7 from the steam turbine.
  • the conden ⁇ sate remover 2 is also provided with a controller 15.
  • the controller 15 is connected to the temperature sensor 14 for receiving the determined casing temperature T c of the casing 1 as one input to the controller 15.
  • the controller 15 is also provided with the predefined temperature T P as another input.
  • the controller 15 can be config- ured to provide more electric power to the heater component 10, such that the heater temperature T H is increased there ⁇ with enabling the heater component 10 to provide more heat to the casing 1 until the newly determined casing temperature T c ' is either greater than or equal to the predefined temper- ature T P .
  • the controller 15 can also be configured to reduce the electric power provided to the heater component 10, such that the heater temperature T H is reduced therewith enabling the heater component 10 to provide lesser heat to the casing 1 until the newly determined casing temperature T c ' is preferably equal to the predefined temper ⁇ ature T P .
  • the condensate remover 2 can be operated in a closed loop manner for removing the condensates 7 from the steam turbine.
  • the aforementioned controller 15 can be realised as either as a proportional controller, a propor ⁇ tional-integral controller (PI controller) , a proportional- derivative controller (PD controller) , or as a proportional- integral-derivative controller (PID controller) . It may be noted herein that the accuracy of operation of the controller 15 can be increased by using a PID controller.
  • FIG 4 depicts another embodiment of the casing 1 of the pre ⁇ sent invention. In this embodiment, the aforementioned heater component 10 of the heating means 8 is arranged on the outer surface 3 of the casing 1.
  • the heater compo- nent 10 is not exposed to the steam 6 flowing inside the cas ⁇ ing 1 - wherein the steam 6 can reach very high temperatures, for example in excess of 300°C - and is therewith protected from corrosive effects of the steam 6.
  • the inner surface 4 and the chamber 5 are convec- tively heated by providing heat from the outer surface 3 of the casing 1.
  • FIG 5 depicts another embodiment of the casing 1 of the pre ⁇ sent invention.
  • the heater component 10 is located between the inner surface 4 and the outer surface 3 of the casing 1.
  • An inner portion 18 of the casing is provided with a recess 16, and the heater component 10 is arranged inside the recess 16.
  • the recess 16 is located be- tween the inner surface 4 and the outer surface 3 of the cas ⁇ ing 1.
  • the heater component 10 can be attached to the recess 16 by means the aforementioned attaching means 17, for example, in the form of one or more bolts 13.
  • the profile of the recess 16 and the one or more bolts 13 can be designed such that the same does not interfere with the flow of steam 6 inside the casing 1, i.e.
  • constructional features for the condensate remover 6 depicted in different embodiments of FIG 4 and/or FIG 5 are the same as the constructional features of the condensate remover 6 of FIG 1, and only the locations of the heater component 10, especially with respect to the inner surface 4 and the outer surface 3 of the casing 1, are dif ⁇ ferent .
  • the heater component 10 along with the attaching means 7 is depicted as an enlargement ⁇ ⁇ ' in FIG 5.
  • FIG 6 depicts a flowchart of a method 100 for operation of the aforementioned casing 1. Cross-references are also made to the preceding FIGs for the purpose of elucidation of the method 100.
  • step 110 of the method 100 the aforementioned portion 9 of the casing 1 adjoining the chamber 5 is heated for transforming the physical state of the condensates 7.
  • the power supply 11 is activated to provide electric power to the heater component 10 for heating the portion 9 of the casing 1, especially the chamber 5 of the casing 1.
  • the heater temperature T H of the heater component 10 is increased, wherewith the heat produced by the heater com ⁇ ponent 10 is increased. Since the heater component 10 is attached to the casing 1, the casing temperature T c is in ⁇ creased, wherewith the casing 1 is heated.
  • the casing 1 of the steam turbine is heated to the aforemen ⁇ tioned predefined temperature T p before the start up of the steam turbine such that the formation of the condensates 7 is prevented.
  • the casing 1 can also be heated to the aforemen ⁇ tioned predefined temperature T P , especially during the start up during the shutting down of the steam turbine for the purpose of removing the condensates 7 that were formed during the operation of the steam turbine.
  • the casing temperature T c is determined.
  • the casing temperature T c can be determined using the aforementioned temperature sensor 14.
  • the heat provided by the heating means 8 is con ⁇ trolled in correspondence with the casing temperature T c and the predefined temperature T P .
  • the controller 15 can be config- ured to provide more electric power to the heater component 10, such that the heater temperature T H is increased there ⁇ with enabling the heater component 10 to provide more heat to the casing 1 until the newly determined casing temperature T c ' is either greater than or equal to the predefined temper- ature T P .
  • the controller 15 can also be configured to reduce the electric power provided to the heater component 10, such that the heater temperature T H is reduced therewith enabling the heater component 10 to provide lesser heat to the casing 1 until the newly determined casing temperature T c ' is preferably equal to the predefined temper ⁇ ature T P .
  • the condensate remover 2 is eluci- dated with one particular stage of the steam turbine. How ⁇ ever, if the steam turbine comprises multiple stages, then multiple condensate removers of the aforementioned type can be implemented in each of the stages of such a steam turbine for removing the condensates formed in different stages of the steam turbine by making suitable and appropriate changes to the design of the condensate remover without drastically deviating from the scope of the present invention and the em ⁇ bodiments thereof. Though the invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense.

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Abstract

The present invention and the embodiments thereof relate to a casing (1) for a steam turbine. The casing (1) comprises an outer surface (3), an inner surface (4), and a condensate re- mover (2) for removing condensates (7) that may be formed in the casing (1). The condensate remover (2) is provided with a heating means (8) for heating a portion (9) of the casing (1) for the purpose of transforming a physical state of the condensates (7), wherewith the physically transformed condensates are now removable from the casing (1).

Description

Description
A casing for a steam turbine and a method for operation thereof
The present invention relates to a casing for a steam turbine having an outer surface, an inner surface, and a condensate remover for removing a condensate formable in the casing.
The present invention also relates to a method for operation of a casing for a steam turbine, the method comprising of heating at least a portion of the casing for transforming a physical state of a condensate.
Such a system for removing condensates is already known, for example, in US7789618. The system disclosed therein includes a groove for collecting water droplets, and a plurality of moisture removal holes originating within the groove in the flowpath of a steam turbine. The grooves act as moisture col¬ lectors that are located in an outer sidewall of the steam turbine, being axially positioned upstream and in close proximity to the leading edge of a nozzle. Another such system for removing condensates is also disclosed in US 4,948,335. The system disclosed therein incorpo¬ rates a collection slot adjacent a last rotating stage of the steam turbine with the collection slot being vented outside the turbine by bores through the turbine wall. Moisture re- moval is enhanced by the use of pumps connected to each of the bores for suctioning water from the collection slot. In this system the suctioned moisture is returned to the system after passing to a condenser. During the start up and shut down process of a steam turbine, condensates or water droplets are formed in the flow path of the steam defined by the casing. These condensates that are formed in the casing can adversely affect the operation of the steam turbine. Furthermore, it can also cause erosion and damage to the blades of the steam turbine. The aforementioned state of art depicts the systems known for removing the con¬ densates from the steam flow path. These systems incorporate additional constructional features like grooves, pipes, drains, et cetera for moisture removal. Hence, these systems are known to be expensive and take up a lot of space.
The object of the present invention is to provide a casing for a steam turbine and a method for operation thereof of the aforementioned kind which occupies less space and is particu¬ larly inexpensive to produce.
The present invention achieves this object in that the con- densate remover comprises a heating means for heating at least a portion of the casing for transforming a physical state of the condensate usually formed in the chamber.
According to the present invention, a casing for a steam tur- bine comprises an outer surface, an inner surface and a con¬ densate remover for removing a condensate formable in the casing. Herein, the condensate remover comprises a heating means for heating at least a portion of the casing for transforming the condensates to a gaseous state. In this way the condensates that can adversely affect the functioning of the steam turbine and cause erosion to the blades in the steam turbine are easily removed through a change in the physical state of the condensates.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the heating means comprises a heater component and a power supply, wherein the power supply is connected to the heater component for providing an electric power. Herein, the heater component and the power supply can be electrically connected, as well as located at two different locations. Such an arrangement enhances the flexibility of placing the heater component at a desired location inside/outside the casing and still be pow¬ ered by the power supply that can be located at an entirely different location. According to an embodiment of the invention, the power supply is configurable for varying the electric power provided to the heater component. On certain occasions, such as start up and shut down of the steam turbine, the heater component is required to be heated in a controlled manner so that the con¬ densates are transformed to a gaseous state. The controlled heating of the heater component is achieved by a controlled power supply that can be varied easily.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the condensate remover further comprises a temperature sensor for de¬ tecting a casing temperature Tc. The casing temperature Tc is a useful parameter, because the heating means can now be con- figured to heat the chamber based on the detected casing tem¬ perature Tc, whereby precise heating of the casing is possi¬ ble for transforming the physical state of the condensate.
According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the temperature sensor is arranged on the inner surface. Since the temperature sensor is located on the inner surface, the measured temperature will be more accurate, because the tem¬ perature sensor is closer to the chamber of the casing.
According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the condensate remover further comprises a controller. The controller is connected to the temperature sensor and also to the power supply. This is beneficial for varying the electric power provided to the heater component for varying and/or controlling the heater temperature TH of the heater component based on the casing temperature Tc. The heater temperature TH is required to be controlled as the heater component is re¬ quired to be heated to a temperature greater than the casing temperature Tc. The controller is connected to the tempera¬ ture sensor as well as the variable power supply so that the power supply to the heater component can be varied based on the casing temperature Tc, which increases the precision and accuracy of a magnitude of heat provided to the casing for enhancing the efficiency of removal of the condensates. According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the heater component is arranged on the inner surface. Such an arrangement enhances the efficiency of heat transfer from the heater component to the casing.
According to yet another embodiment of the invention, heater component is arranged on the outer surface. Such an arrange¬ ment enhances the ease, replaceability, and maintenance of the heater component in case of any defect or malfunction of the heater component. Furthermore, by such an arrangement, it is also possible to remove any condensates that may be formed on the outer surface of the casing too. According to yet another embodiment of the invention, heater component is arranged in a recess, wherein the recess is lo¬ cated between the inner surface and the outer surface. Thus, the heater component is neither exposed directly to the steam flowing inside the chamber nor to an external ambience of the casing. Thus, the heater component is protected and the oper¬ ational life of the heater component is enhanced.
According to yet another embodiment of the invention, heater component comprises an Ohmic heating element. The heater com- ponent can be a resistive heating element (Ohmic effect) , radiative heating element, etched foil, et cetera. Ohmic heating elements are simple and inexpensive solutions for heating the casing. According to yet another embodiment of the invention the heater component comprises a piezoelectric material. Hence apart from an Ohmic heating element a piezoelectric heating element may also be used. Piezoelectric heating materials are beneficial for precise controllability of heating.
According to yet another embodiment of the invention the condensate remover further comprises an attaching means for attaching the heating means to the casing. By attaching the heating means to the casing, it is beneficial in preventing the dislodgement of the heating means during a normal opera¬ tion of the steam turbine. Regarding the aforementioned method the object of the inven¬ tion is solved by heating at least a portion of the casing for transforming a physical state of a condensate. Thus the expensive arrangements for condensate removal like pipes, grooves, drains etc are avoided.
According to an embodiment of the method there is a determin¬ ing of a casing temperature (Tc) and controlling the heating based on the casing temperature (Tc) . Hence the heater compo¬ nent is heated only to the required temperature for trans- forming the physical state of the condensates.
According to yet another embodiment of the method the casing is heated to a predefined temperature (Tp) prior to start up and/or shut down of the steam turbine. As the casing is heated already to a predefined temperature, the condensates are prevented from forming and hence any adverse affect on the functioning of the steam turbine is avoided.
The aforementioned and other embodiments of the present in¬ vention related to a casing for a steam turbine and a method for operation thereof will now be addressed with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention. The illustrated embodiments are intended to illustrate, but not to limit the invention. The accompanying drawings herewith contain the following FIGs, in which like numbers refer to like parts, throughout the description and drawings.
The FIGs illustrate in a schematic manner further examples of the embodiments of the invention, in which: FIG 1 depicts a perspective view of a casing for a steam
turbine comprising a condensate remover according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG 2 depicts an embodiment of a heating means comprised in the condensate remover referred to in FIG 1,
FIG 3 depicts another embodiment of a heating means com- prised in the condensate remover referred to in FIG 1,
FIG 4 depicts a perspective view of another embodiment of the casing referred to in FIG 1, FIG 5 depicts a perspective view of yet another embodiment of the casing referred to in FIG 1, and
FIG 6 depicts a flowchart of a method for operation of the casing referred to in FIG 1.
A perspective view of a casing 1 comprising a condensate re¬ mover 2 for removing condensates 7 formed in the casing 1 of a steam turbine (not depicted) is depicted in FIG 1. In FIG 1, the casing 1 comprises an outer surface 3 and an inner surface 4, and the outer surface 3 of the casing 1 is herein circumferentially disposed on the inner surface 4 of the casing 1. The inner surface 4 partly defines a chamber 5 of the steam turbine, wherein the chamber 5 encloses a cer- tain stage (not depicted) of the steam turbine. The aforemen¬ tioned stage includes a portion of an axial shaft (not depicted) , and a plurality of blades (not depicted) , and herein the plurality of blades is circumferentially disposed on the portion of the axial shaft. The stage of the steam turbine is well-known in the art and is not elucidated herein for the purpose of brevity.
As steam 6 flows inside the chamber 5 during the operation of the steam turbine, pressure gradients and temperature gradi¬ ents of the steam traversing through the chamber 5 result in cooling down of the steam 6, thereby leading to condensation of the steam 6 and resulting in a formation of the condensates 7 in the chamber. The condensates 7 are formed espe¬ cially on the inner surface 4 of the casing 1, i.e. espe- cially in the chamber 5 of the casing 1. Furthermore, the condensates 7 are typically formed during the starting up or shutting down process of the steam turbine. The aforementioned condensate remover 2 is provided herewith to remove the condensates 7 formed therein.
The condensate remover 2 essentially comprises a heating means 8 for the purpose of heating a portion 9 of the casing 1, especially for heating the chamber 5 of the casing 1.
Herewith, a physical state of the condensates 7 is trans¬ formed; especially the condensates 7 are converted to a gase¬ ous state, which is easily removable from the casing 1 of the steam turbine. For example, during a start up and/or during shutting down of the steam turbine, the heating means 8 is configured to heat the casing 1, whereby heat provided to the casing 1 is such that the casing 1 is heated to a certain predefined temperature TP, such that the condensates 7 pre¬ sent therein are transformed into a gaseous state. There¬ after, the physically transformed condensates (which are cur- rently in the gaseous state) can be removed from the casing
1, for example by blowing out the physically transformed con¬ densates from the casing 1, or sucking out the physically transformed condensates from the casing 1 using a pump (not depicted) attached to the casing 1. Otherwise, the physically transformed condensates can also be removed from the casing 1 by maintaining a vacuum in a condenser (not depicted) of the steam turbine for an extended duration after a shutdown of the steam turbine. Furthermore, the condensate remover 2 can be operated during the operation of the steam turbine, wherein the heating means 8 is configured to provide heat to the chamber 5 and maintain the casing 1 at the predefined temperature TP, whereby the formation of condensates 7 in the casing 1 is prevented. Herein, the predefined temperature TP can be construed to be any temperature that is higher than a condensation tempera¬ ture of steam 6 inside the steam turbine. The condensation temperature of steam 6 is construable as that temperature at which the steam 6 inside the steam turbine tends to forms the condensates 7 in the chamber 5 of the steam turbine.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present inven- tion, the heating means 8 depicted therein comprises a heater component 10 and a power supply 11. The power supply 11 is electrically connected to the heater component 10 for power¬ ing the heater component 10. In the present embodiment, the heater component 10 is arranged on the inner surface 4 of the casing 1, such that the heater component 10 is capable of heating the chamber 5 from within the casing 1, whereby a casing temperature Tc is increased to an extent such that the condensates 7 in the chamber 5 are transformed into a gaseous state .
An attaching means 17 is provided for the purpose of attach¬ ing the heating means 8 to the inner surface 4 of the casing 1. The attaching means 17 comprises one or more bolts 13 and one or more corresponding holes 19 provided in the casing 1. The heater component 10 can also be welded to the inner sur¬ face 4 of the casing 1, in order to attach the heater component 10 to the casing 1. Furthermore, the attaching means 17 can also include high temperature epoxy resin based adhe- sives, which can be used for attaching the heater component 10 to the inner surface 4 of the casing 1. The heater compo¬ nent 10 can be attached tightly to the casing 1 using the attaching means 17, such that the heater component 10 is not dislodged during the normal operation of the steam turbine. The aforementioned one or more bolts 13 are also replaceable with similar mechanical attachment components such as screws, rivets, and the like.
The heater component 10 along with the attaching means 7 is depicted as an enlargement λΧ' in FIG 1.
The power supply 11 is configured to provide electric power to the heater component 10, wherewith a heater temperature TH of the heater component 10 is increasable for the purpose of providing heat to the casing 1 of the steam turbine. The electric power can be provided by the power supply to the heater component 10 either by providing direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) to the heater component 10. The power supply 11 can also be a variable power supply, whereby a magnitude of the direct/alternating current provided to the heater component 10 is variable, wherewith the heater compo¬ nent 10 is capable of being heated to different temperatures based on the electric power provided thereto. Thus, the heat produced by the heater component 10 is variable, which is beneficial in enhancing the flexibility of regulating and controlling the heating provided to the casing 1. The type of electric power provided by the power supply 11 to the heater component 10 depends on a type of the heater component 10.
In FIG 2 and FIG 3, different embodiments of the heater com¬ ponent 10 are depicted. FIG 1 is also referred to herein for the purpose of elucidation of FIG 2 and FIG 3. FIG 2 depicts an embodiment of the heater component 10, wherein the heater component 10 depicted is an Ohmic heating element, such as a metallic filament. The metallic filament 10 may be manufactured using tungsten, rhenium, molybdenum, or any other suitable metal or a suitable metallic alloy. The power supply 11 can herein be configured to provide either direct current or alternating current for heating the Ohmic heating element 10, wherewith the heater temperature TH of the Ohmic heating element 10 is increased. The Ohmic heating element 10 can be profiled such that the Ohmic heating ele- ment 10 can be arranged circumferentially on the aforemen¬ tioned inner surface 4 of the casing 1 such that the chamber 5 is capable of being heated by means of the Ohmic heating element 10 for transforming the physical state of the conden¬ sates 7. Herein, the shape and the dimensions of the Ohmic heating element 10 can be chosen depending on various factors, such as a profile of the casing 1, the magnitude of heating required for heating the casing 1 to the predefined temperature TP, et cetera. FIG 3 depicts another embodiment of the heater component 10, wherein the heater component 10 depicted is a piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric material 10 can comprise a piezo- electric ceramic, for example, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) . The power supply 11 can herein be configured to provide direct current to the piezoelectric material 10, wherewith the heater temperature TH of the piezoelectric material 10 is increased, such that the casing 1 is heated. Piezoelectric heating materials are beneficial for precise controllability of heating. Herein, the shape and the dimensions of the piezoelectric material 10 can be again chosen depending on various factors, such as a profile of the casing 1, the mag¬ nitude of heating required for heating the casing 1 to the predefined temperature TP, et cetera.
Apart from the different embodiments of the heater component 10 depicted in FIG 2 and FIG 3, the heater component 10 can also be realised as a radiative heating element, an etched foil, or the like.
Now referring back to FIG 1, the condensate remover 2 is also provided with a temperature sensor 14. The temperature sensor 14 can be a thermocouple, a resistance temperature detector (RTD) , a thermistor, et cetera. The temperature sensor 14 is arranged on the inner surface 4 of the casing 1 for the pur¬ pose of determination of the casing temperature Tc, espe¬ cially the temperature of the portion 9 of the casing 1 adjoining the chamber 5. The temperature sensor 14 is configured to convert/transduce the detected casing temperature Tc into an electric parameter, such as an electric voltage or an electric current, which is capable of representing the deter¬ mined casing temperature Tc. The determined casing tempera¬ ture Tc is a beneficial parameter for adjusting the heat pro¬ vided to the casing 1 via the heating means 8, and the same can be achieved by means of varying the electric power pro¬ vided by the power supply 11 to the heater component 10. According to one aspect of the present invention, the deter¬ mined casing temperature Tc can be indicated to a user, whereby the user can adjust the electric power provided to the heater component 10 for varying the heater temperature TH of the heater component 10 for varying the heat provided to the casing 1 based on the predefined temperature TP. Thus, the condensate remover 2 can be operated in an open loop man¬ ner for removing the condensates 7 from the steam turbine. In another embodiment of the present invention, the conden¬ sate remover 2 is also provided with a controller 15. The controller 15 is connected to the temperature sensor 14 for receiving the determined casing temperature Tc of the casing 1 as one input to the controller 15. The controller 15 is also provided with the predefined temperature TP as another input. The controller 14 is configured to compare the deter¬ mined casing temperature Tc of the casing 1 with the prede¬ fined temperature TP, and based on the difference thereof (ΔΤ = Tc ~ TP) , the controller 15 can be further configured to vary the electric power provided to the heater component 10 for varying the heat provided to the casing 1.
According to one mode of operation of the controller 15, if the determined casing temperature Tc is lesser than the pre¬ defined temperature TP, then the controller 15 can be config- ured to provide more electric power to the heater component 10, such that the heater temperature TH is increased there¬ with enabling the heater component 10 to provide more heat to the casing 1 until the newly determined casing temperature Tc' is either greater than or equal to the predefined temper- ature TP.
According to another mode of operation of the controller 15, if the determined casing temperature Tc is greater than the predefined temperature TP, then the controller 15 can also be configured to reduce the electric power provided to the heater component 10, such that the heater temperature TH is reduced therewith enabling the heater component 10 to provide lesser heat to the casing 1 until the newly determined casing temperature Tc' is preferably equal to the predefined temper¬ ature TP.
Thus, in accordance with the different operating modes of controller 15, the condensate remover 2 can be operated in a closed loop manner for removing the condensates 7 from the steam turbine. Herein, the aforementioned controller 15 can be realised as either as a proportional controller, a propor¬ tional-integral controller (PI controller) , a proportional- derivative controller (PD controller) , or as a proportional- integral-derivative controller (PID controller) . It may be noted herein that the accuracy of operation of the controller 15 can be increased by using a PID controller. FIG 4 depicts another embodiment of the casing 1 of the pre¬ sent invention. In this embodiment, the aforementioned heater component 10 of the heating means 8 is arranged on the outer surface 3 of the casing 1. By arranging the heater component 10 on the outer surface 3 of the casing 1, the heater compo- nent 10 is not exposed to the steam 6 flowing inside the cas¬ ing 1 - wherein the steam 6 can reach very high temperatures, for example in excess of 300°C - and is therewith protected from corrosive effects of the steam 6. According to this em¬ bodiment, the inner surface 4 and the chamber 5 are convec- tively heated by providing heat from the outer surface 3 of the casing 1. Furthermore, in this embodiment, it is also possible to heat the outer surface 3 of the casing 1, thereby reducing the formation of condensates 12 on the outer surface 3 also, which is typically the case if the casing 1 of the steam turbine is exposed to very low temperatures, for exam¬ ple -25 °C.
FIG 5 depicts another embodiment of the casing 1 of the pre¬ sent invention. In this embodiment, the heater component 10 is located between the inner surface 4 and the outer surface 3 of the casing 1. An inner portion 18 of the casing is provided with a recess 16, and the heater component 10 is arranged inside the recess 16. The recess 16 is located be- tween the inner surface 4 and the outer surface 3 of the cas¬ ing 1. Furthermore, the heater component 10 can be attached to the recess 16 by means the aforementioned attaching means 17, for example, in the form of one or more bolts 13. The profile of the recess 16 and the one or more bolts 13 can be designed such that the same does not interfere with the flow of steam 6 inside the casing 1, i.e. neither turbulences nor vortices are produced due to the profile of the recess 16 and/or the profile of the bolts 13 used for attaching the heater component 10 to the casing 1. Herein, by means of arranging the heater component 10 in the recess 16 located between the inner surface 4 and the outer surfaces 3, the heater component 10 is neither exposed directly to the steam 6 flowing inside the chamber 5 nor to an external ambience of the casing 1. Thus, the heater component 10 is protected and the operational life of the heater component 10 is enhanced.
It may be noted herein that constructional features for the condensate remover 6 depicted in different embodiments of FIG 4 and/or FIG 5 are the same as the constructional features of the condensate remover 6 of FIG 1, and only the locations of the heater component 10, especially with respect to the inner surface 4 and the outer surface 3 of the casing 1, are dif¬ ferent .
The heater component 10 along with the attaching means 7 is depicted as an enlargement λΥ' in FIG 5.
FIG 6 depicts a flowchart of a method 100 for operation of the aforementioned casing 1. Cross-references are also made to the preceding FIGs for the purpose of elucidation of the method 100.
In step 110 of the method 100, the aforementioned portion 9 of the casing 1 adjoining the chamber 5 is heated for transforming the physical state of the condensates 7. In this step, the power supply 11 is activated to provide electric power to the heater component 10 for heating the portion 9 of the casing 1, especially the chamber 5 of the casing 1.
Herein, the heater temperature TH of the heater component 10 is increased, wherewith the heat produced by the heater com¬ ponent 10 is increased. Since the heater component 10 is attached to the casing 1, the casing temperature Tc is in¬ creased, wherewith the casing 1 is heated.
Furthermore, since the condensates 7 are usually formed dur¬ ing the start up or shut down process of the steam turbine, the casing 1 of the steam turbine is heated to the aforemen¬ tioned predefined temperature Tp before the start up of the steam turbine such that the formation of the condensates 7 is prevented. The casing 1 can also be heated to the aforemen¬ tioned predefined temperature TP, especially during the start up during the shutting down of the steam turbine for the purpose of removing the condensates 7 that were formed during the operation of the steam turbine.
In step 120 of the method 100, the casing temperature Tc is determined. The casing temperature Tc can be determined using the aforementioned temperature sensor 14. Based on the deter¬ mined casing temperature Tc, in a subsequent step 130 of the method 100, the heat provided by the heating means 8 is con¬ trolled in correspondence with the casing temperature Tc and the predefined temperature TP.
According to one mode of operation of the controller 15, if the determined casing temperature Tc is lesser than the pre¬ defined temperature TP, then the controller 15 can be config- ured to provide more electric power to the heater component 10, such that the heater temperature TH is increased there¬ with enabling the heater component 10 to provide more heat to the casing 1 until the newly determined casing temperature Tc' is either greater than or equal to the predefined temper- ature TP.
According to another mode of operation of the controller 15, if the determined casing temperature Tc is greater than the predefined temperature TP, then the controller 15 can also be configured to reduce the electric power provided to the heater component 10, such that the heater temperature TH is reduced therewith enabling the heater component 10 to provide lesser heat to the casing 1 until the newly determined casing temperature Tc' is preferably equal to the predefined temper¬ ature TP.
In the present invention, the condensate remover 2 is eluci- dated with one particular stage of the steam turbine. How¬ ever, if the steam turbine comprises multiple stages, then multiple condensate removers of the aforementioned type can be implemented in each of the stages of such a steam turbine for removing the condensates formed in different stages of the steam turbine by making suitable and appropriate changes to the design of the condensate remover without drastically deviating from the scope of the present invention and the em¬ bodiments thereof. Though the invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various examples of the dis¬ closed embodiments, as well as alternate embodiments of the invention, will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention. It is therefore contemplated that such modifications can be made without departing from the embodiments of the present inven¬ tion as defined.

Claims

Patent claims:
1. A casing (1) for a steam turbine, the casing (1) having: - an outer surface (3) ,
- an inner surface (4), and
- a condensate remover (2) for removing a condensate (7) formable in the casing (1),
characterized in that the condensate remover (2) comprises a heating means (8) for heating at least a portion (9) of the casing (1) for transforming a physical state of the condensate ( 7 ) .
2. The casing (1) according to claim 1,
characterized in that the heating means (8) comprises:
- a heater component (10), and
- a power supply (11) connected to the heater component (10) for providing an electric power to the heater component (10) .
3. The casing (1) according to claim 2,
characterized in that the power supply (11) is configurable for varying the electric power provided to the heater compo¬ nent (10) .
4. The casing (1) according to claim 3,
characterized in that the condensate remover (6) further com¬ prises a temperature sensor (14) for detecting a casing temperature (Tc) .
5. The casing (1) according to claim 4,
characterized in that the temperature sensor (14) is arranged on the inner surface (4) .
6. The casing (1) according to claim 4 or 5,
characterized in that the condensate remover (2) further com¬ prises :
- a controller (15), wherein the controller (15) is connected to the temperature sensor (14), and wherein the controller (15) is further connected to the power supply (11) for vary¬ ing the electric power provided to the heater component (10) for controlling a heater temperature (TH) of the heater com¬ ponent (10) based on the casing temperature (Tc) .
7. The casing (1) according to any of the claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the heater component (10) is arranged on the inner surface (4) .
8. The casing (1) according to any of the claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the heater component (10) is arranged on the outer surface (3) .
9. The casing (1) according to any of the claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the heater component (10) is arranged in a recess (16), wherein the recess (16) is located between the inner surface (4) and the outer surface (3) .
10. The casing (1) according to any of the claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the heater component (10) comprises an
Ohmic heating element.
11. The casing (1) according to any of the claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the heater component (10) comprises a piezoelectric material.
12. The casing (1) according to any of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the condensate remover (2) further com¬ prises :
- an attaching means (17) for attaching the heating means (8) to the casing ( 1 ) .
13. A method (100) for operation of a casing (1) of a steam turbine, the method (100) comprising:
- (110) heating at least a portion (9) of the casing (1) for transforming a physical state of a condensate (7) .
14. The method (100) according to claim 13,
characterized by
- (120) determining a casing temperature (Tc) and
- (130) controlling the heating based on the casing tempera- ture (Tc) .
15. The method (100) according to claim 13 or 14,
characterized in that the casing (1) is heated to a prede¬ fined temperature (TP) prior to start up and/or shut down of the steam turbine.
PCT/EP2015/069006 2014-08-20 2015-08-19 A casing for a steam turbine and a method for operation thereof WO2016026882A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14181530.8 2014-08-20
EP14181530.8A EP2987968A1 (en) 2014-08-20 2014-08-20 A casing for a steam turbine and a method for operation thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016026882A1 true WO2016026882A1 (en) 2016-02-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2987968A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016026882A1 (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4948335A (en) 1988-12-30 1990-08-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Turbine moisture removal system
EP2113635A1 (en) * 2008-04-30 2009-11-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Multi-stage condensation steam turbine
US7789618B2 (en) 2006-08-28 2010-09-07 General Electric Company Systems for moisture removal in steam turbine engines
US20100329853A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2010-12-30 General Electric Company Moisture removal provisions for steam turbine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4948335A (en) 1988-12-30 1990-08-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Turbine moisture removal system
US7789618B2 (en) 2006-08-28 2010-09-07 General Electric Company Systems for moisture removal in steam turbine engines
EP2113635A1 (en) * 2008-04-30 2009-11-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Multi-stage condensation steam turbine
US20100329853A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2010-12-30 General Electric Company Moisture removal provisions for steam turbine

Also Published As

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