WO2016024028A1 - Intégration d'un générateur dans le système de transmission d'une éolienne - Google Patents

Intégration d'un générateur dans le système de transmission d'une éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016024028A1
WO2016024028A1 PCT/ES2014/000140 ES2014000140W WO2016024028A1 WO 2016024028 A1 WO2016024028 A1 WO 2016024028A1 ES 2014000140 W ES2014000140 W ES 2014000140W WO 2016024028 A1 WO2016024028 A1 WO 2016024028A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
generator
stator
rotor
transmission system
integration
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2014/000140
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Eneko Sanz Pascual
Hely Ricardo SAVII COSTA
Original Assignee
Nabrawind Sl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nabrawind Sl filed Critical Nabrawind Sl
Priority to PCT/ES2014/000140 priority Critical patent/WO2016024028A1/fr
Publication of WO2016024028A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016024028A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention is encompassed in the field of wind turbines, and more specifically, in a horizontal axis wind turbine whose arrangement can be windward or leeward, which is characterized by the advantageous way of integrating the generator into the transmission system.
  • the mechanical system of transmission or power train is made up of all the elements and components of the wind turbine that transmit mechanical torque to the axis of rotation and are composed of at least the wind rotor and the electric generator.
  • a gearbox is not included, although it will have a primary axis that is coupled to the horizontal axis wind turbine and a secondary shaft that is coupled to an electric generator advantageously integrated into the structure that supports the train. power.
  • the current configurations of the transmission system of the horizontal axis locate all the elements inside the nacelle in the most compact way possible trying to solve or minimize the problems of assembly, accessibility and maintenance of the aforementioned components.
  • the generator is the central element of the electrical system, the component from which the other elements are dimensioned and in recent years they have undergone constant evolution.
  • the synchronous multi-pin generators connected directly to the wind rotor operate at very low speed and therefore involve important mechanical forces on the transmission system.
  • the development of high magnetism alloys has made it possible for the permanent magnet generators to evolve to very large sizes and powers where, as the size of the wind rotor increases, the speed of rotation decreases even more and therefore increases even more. the diameter of the generator, increasing the loads of the whole. All the generators included in the state of the art share the limitations in terms of assembly, accessibility and maintenance, increased because horizontal axis wind turbines locate their components inside the gondola at the top of the tower. In order to minimize the charges and be able to distribute the components comprising the transmission system have been devised solutions as disclosed in the following patents.
  • Patent US 7066709 shows a leeward wind turbine that, in the presence of strong winds, varies the pitch and orientation of the blades without any complementary pitch control system. It regulates the power generated from the blades and also combines a horizontal rotor with combined axes horizontally and vertically. This arrangement prevents the winding of the cables.
  • the generator (60) is installed inside the tower but it is not specified how.
  • Patent US 4311435 shows a horizontal rotor that transmits the movement to a pair of gears that change the direction of rotation of the shaft going to vertical. By means of two other gears the vertical axis is transmitted horizontally to feed a generator arranged on the ground. This configuration avoids the need for a yaw control system.
  • patent ES 2273609 presents a transmission system consisting of two concentric axes divided into one or more sections bearing at their ends a set of bevel gears with connections of sliding grooves and a cardan joint to allow slight misalignments.
  • the generator is located at the base of the tower.
  • Wind turbine elements arranged at the base of the tower or on the ground itself have the great disadvantage that they are subject to easy acts of vandalism, in addition to the obvious mechanical problems of a transmission of more than 100 m in length.
  • the arrangement between said primary axis and said secondary axis is achieved with a mechanism of change at 90 °.
  • the large generator with a diameter of between 10 and 25 meters for powers between 1.5 and 5 Mw, can be arranged horizontally without the need to be coupled vertically, since its large diameter it would make it stand out from the main axis and would aerodynamically affect the cover that is available as a passenger compartment covering the entire transmission system.
  • An important advantage of this concept is scalability. That is to say, when powers of 5 MW are exceeded and the generator increases in diameter, it will suffice to arrange the tower for that purpose, without any aerodynamic impact as the current directly coupled generators have.
  • the large generator relies on the connection structure between the tower and the nacelle, eliminating all out-of-plane loads of the rotor and stator structure of the generator, which will therefore be designed only for transmission of the electric generation pair. This causes that it does not have loads out of plane, with which the structure of rotor and stator are much more economic even than those of the generators - crown of horizontal axis. In fact the great advantage of using a generator - crown is the low cost and natural ventilation.
  • the main advantages of this invention are the increase of AEP with respect to the wind turbines with directly coupled large diameter generator, and the reduced cost of a generator with a structure that only transmits torque and does not suffer any bending or load out of plane. Additionally, the large diameter of the generator allows ventilation to be natural, also simplifying the design of the nacelle as has been advanced. Finally, this design is highly susceptible to be modularized and therefore solves the problem of transportability of directly coupled generators of large diameter.
  • Figure 1 is a complete view of the wind turbine.
  • Figure 2 is a view of the connecting piece of circular shape on which the transmission system and the bed are arranged.
  • Figure 3 is a view of the transmission of cardan and the generator on the circular part according to a first practical embodiment.
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of the previous figure.
  • Figures 5a and 5b show the movement of tilt with the cardan solution.
  • Figure 6 shows a second practical embodiment with the gear transmission.
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of the previous figure.
  • Figure 8 shows a cardan transmission and an internal support of the generator on the connection piece according to another practical embodiment.
  • Figure 9 is the last practical embodiment with transmission by gear and the generator anchored to the frame.
  • the wind turbine object of the invention is of horizontal axis with the rotor integrating the three blades (1), which is supported on a lattice tower (2).
  • the nacelle (3) joins said tower (2) through a connecting piece (4) of circular shape that supports the transmission system.
  • Figure 2 shows a detail of this connection piece (4) that includes fixing elements (5) to the legs (6) as well as a large central recess (7).
  • the outer surface (8) supports a ring (9) where the "yaw” and "tilt” tilt system (13) of the wind turbine is coupled. All these systems are protected by prior patents of the same applicant.
  • the first embodiment of the invention is presented: the rotor shaft (10) at its output from the wind rotor (11) and after passing through the bed (12) supporting the transmission system and in whose corners the yaw and tilt system (13), becomes the primary axis (14).
  • a bearing (15) supports it and guides it to the corresponding mechanism of change of the axis to 90 ° avoiding the bending stresses.
  • the mechanism of change to 90 ° is formed by a cardan system of double axis (16).
  • the output of the cardan is a secondary shaft (17) also supported by its corresponding bearing (18) that attacks the rotor of the generator (19) and rotates it providing the mechanical power necessary for the generation of electric power.
  • Both bearings (15 and 18) have a track integral with the corresponding axis, and the other solidaria to the bed (12), which is therefore the position of both axes and supports the secondary loads as the own weight.
  • This secondary axis (17) is smaller in dimension than the primary axis (14).
  • the rotor of the generator (19) is integrated into the stator (20) and is supported on mechanical guides (21) which are arranged on the connection piece (4) and which have the main function of avoiding the relative displacements between rotor and stator In turn, the stator (20) is supported on the connecting piece (4).
  • Figure 4 shows the plan view showing the triangular shape of the bench (12) that supports the transmission system and how the yaw system and tilt system (13) are arranged at the vertices of the said triangle.
  • the bearings (15) of the primary shaft (14) rest on an auxiliary wall (23) of the bed (12).
  • the mechanism of the change of the axis to 90 °, formed by a cardan of double axis (16), is in the center of the circle that forms the piece of connection (4).
  • the mechanical guides (21), the rotor of the generator (19) and the stator (20) extend concentrically within said circle.
  • stator is attached to the tower's connection structure means that the electrical cables that leave the generator are not twisted by the rotational movement produced by the yaw system (13) since they are not affected by that movement.
  • Figure 7 shows a detail of the concentric arrangement of the aforementioned elements and shows in detail how the attack pinion (25) is larger than the crown (26) which allows to vary the speed of the rotor and with This reduces the number of protruding poles or permanent magnets according to the synchronous generator model used.
  • the transmission ratio will always be close to 1 since it is not intended to multiply the speed, for which a multiplier would really be needed and the generator diameter would be smaller, losing in that case the natural ventilation advantage that the generators present. - Large diameter crown.
  • the generator is coupled to the connection piece (4) and although the main loads are supported by said piece, the generator suffers the same deflection as the connection piece (4) due to the loads of the wind turbine coming from wind incidence in the wind rotor.
  • the practical embodiment shown in Figure 8 is proposed.
  • the mechanism of change to 90 ° of the primary shaft (14) to the secondary shaft (17) makes it It performs a double cardan (16), although it could also be done with a bevel gear (24).
  • the generator goes from being supported on the outer surface (8) of the connection piece (4) to being supported inside it taking advantage of the large central gap (7). Said support is made with sliding supports (21).
  • connection piece (4) houses the stator bushing (20 ') and the rotor bushing (19') superimposed.
  • the stator bushing (20 ') is connected to the connection piece (4) by means of tie rods (27) arranged in the existing central recess (7).
  • tie rods (27) arranged in the existing central recess (7).
  • the rotor (19) is integrated and between them there is at least one guide bearing (28) which minimizes the vertical displacements that occur between the rotor (19) and the stator (20) and controls the gap existing between both.
  • This cardan configuration also allows the tilt system.
  • the last practical embodiment uses the bevel gears (24) as the 90 ° axis shift mechanism, but without sacrificing the tilt system (13). However, it can also be done with double cardan.
  • the generator is anchored in the base (12). Both the stator (20) and the mechanical guides (21) supporting the rotor (19) rest on the base (12).
  • at least one auxiliary arm (30) is used for the part that is outside the triangle formed by the base (12).
  • the transmission ratio of the pinion and crown assembly is smaller due to the fact that the rotor plate is higher and therefore the contact loads in the gears are larger.
  • the main advantage is that the generator is not affected by any bending or torsional load that affects the connection piece (4) and also allows the tilt system (13), although the cables that leave the generator are affected by the yaw system rotation (13). Since the bed (12) is discontinuous, the guides (21) must have their continuous part (guide) in the stator (20) and the discontinuous supports in the bed (12). In this embodiment, the torque preventing the rotation of the stator is supported by the bed, which rests in the Yaw system. Therefore, a brake must be available on the Yaw dimensioned for this purpose. On the other hand, as an additional advantage, the Yaw system can be activated by stopping the stator.
  • the rotation of the wind rotor would produce the rotation of the primary axis, this in turn the rotation of the secondary axis and therefore the rotor of the generator, which by electromagnetic forces would rotate the stator and with it the bank, that is, the Nacelle of the wind turbine. This effect would occur only in one direction, but could be reversed by power electronics to rotate in the opposite direction. Therefore, the drive of the Yaw system would be the generator itself.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'intégration d'un générateur dans le système de transmission, avec des modes de réalisation qui permettent d'utiliser un système "inclinaison" (13), lequel est couplé au système "lacet" (13), d'éviter l'enroulement des câbles à la sortie de l'éolienne, d'ajuster le rapport de transmission de l'axe primaire (14) par rapport à l'axe secondaire (17), et d'obtenir des axes qui ne transmettent pas de flexion et qui ne transmettent que la torsion, lesquels sont supportés sur leurs roulements correspondants (15 et 18) et comprennent différents mécanismes de changement d'axe à 90° pour que la structure de l'éolienne repose sur la structure existante, également de diamètre important, simplifiant au maximum la structure de ladite éolienne. À cet effet, l'invention fait intervenir un stator (20) qui peut être accouplé à la pièce de raccordement (4) ou au bâti (12) qui sert de support au système de transmission et un rotor (19) qui est intégré dans le stator (20), l'ensemble étant supporté sur au moins un élément de guidage mécanique (21). Les mécanismes de changement d'axe à 90° peuvent être formés par un cardan double (16) ou un engrenage conique (24).
PCT/ES2014/000140 2014-08-13 2014-08-13 Intégration d'un générateur dans le système de transmission d'une éolienne WO2016024028A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2014/000140 WO2016024028A1 (fr) 2014-08-13 2014-08-13 Intégration d'un générateur dans le système de transmission d'une éolienne

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2014/000140 WO2016024028A1 (fr) 2014-08-13 2014-08-13 Intégration d'un générateur dans le système de transmission d'une éolienne

Publications (1)

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WO2016024028A1 true WO2016024028A1 (fr) 2016-02-18

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US756616A (en) * 1903-09-15 1904-04-05 Anthony Schulte Windmill.
GB279720A (en) * 1927-05-02 1927-11-03 Jules D Asseler Improvements in wind-motors
ES8301328A1 (es) * 1980-10-23 1982-12-01 Amaury Feraille Motor eolico de cabeza movil
JPS58176479A (ja) * 1982-04-12 1983-10-15 Inoue Japax Res Inc 風力発電装置
JPS61192870A (ja) * 1985-02-22 1986-08-27 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd 風力発電装置
JP2003286938A (ja) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-10 Toshiba Corp 風力発電装置
US20060159550A1 (en) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-20 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Horizontal axis wind turbine
US20110262272A1 (en) * 2010-04-22 2011-10-27 Jacob Johannes Nies Tilt adjustment system
JP2013119843A (ja) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-17 Taiyo Plant Kk 風力発電装置

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US756616A (en) * 1903-09-15 1904-04-05 Anthony Schulte Windmill.
GB279720A (en) * 1927-05-02 1927-11-03 Jules D Asseler Improvements in wind-motors
ES8301328A1 (es) * 1980-10-23 1982-12-01 Amaury Feraille Motor eolico de cabeza movil
JPS58176479A (ja) * 1982-04-12 1983-10-15 Inoue Japax Res Inc 風力発電装置
JPS61192870A (ja) * 1985-02-22 1986-08-27 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd 風力発電装置
JP2003286938A (ja) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-10 Toshiba Corp 風力発電装置
US20060159550A1 (en) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-20 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Horizontal axis wind turbine
US20110262272A1 (en) * 2010-04-22 2011-10-27 Jacob Johannes Nies Tilt adjustment system
JP2013119843A (ja) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-17 Taiyo Plant Kk 風力発電装置

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