WO2016022186A9

WO2016022186A9 - Composition and method to generate a water-based hydrogen plasma fuel hydrogen energy

Info

Publication number: WO2016022186A9
Application number: PCT/US2015/029023
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peter Park; Paul Park
Original assignee: Peter Park; Paul Park
Priority date: 2014-05-02
Filing date: 2015-05-04
Publication date: 2016-03-31
Also published as: EP3137208A4; EP3137208A2; WO2016022186A3; WO2016022186A2

Abstract

The invention provides a composition and method to enrich water with hydrogen to provide a fuel source for hydrogen energy. The composition is made with a method using silicon and silicon dioxide as a catalyst to form the hydrogen enriched water based fuel.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a specific technique of enriching water with hydrogen for primary usage as a fuel source for hydrogen energy. More particularly, this invention pertains to a method of enriching water with hydrogen using metal catalyst systems, specifically silicon and silicon-dioxide, which is then further hydrated by the oxidizing of carbohydrates. This reaction occurs within an internal system of thermolysis meant to generate, within a given volume of water, super-positioning of atomic hydrogen energy through field-lines of oscillation of high-pressure/iow-pressure regions at the molecular level of water by exploiting water's natural hexagonal lattice, so as to initiate the uniform construction of ordinary water into our water-based hydrogen plasma foel. This is the basis for the production of a hydrogen-enriched water-based plasma fuel used to provide the world's basic hydrogen energy needs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There is a current crisis concerning the supply of energy for the world's needs. As third-world countries develop and modernize, and as world populations continue to grow at an exponential rate, energy needs of the world for sources such as fossil fuel increase in a similar pattern. As reported by the U.S. Department of Energy, virtually all projections show coal continuing to supply around half of the nation's electricity for the next 20 years while natural gas is expected to dominate fuel choices for new power plants in the foreseeable future. Oil and natural gas together account for more than 60 percent of the energ consumed in the United States. Natural gas resources are currently plentiful, but as demand increases, U.S. production must increasingly come from, more difficult-to- produce, technically challenging resources and settings. Oil, of course, comes from domestic and foreign sources, and is subject to price fluctuations, supply problems, and political concerns.

Thus, the world's supply of fossil fuel continues to be exhausted, so a strong need exists to develop alternative form of fuel that could replace the energy provided by fossil fuel-based systems. However, fossil foe! sources are becoming increasingly scarce, more difficult to locate and much more expensive to produce. Fossil fuel wastes, known as "greenhouse gases," which many claim have damaged the ozone layer and contributed to global warming.

L.F. Ivanhoe, a petroleum geologist, predicts that by 2010, global oil supply will have peaked and will fail to meet global demands, as oil supplies are believed to "rapidly decline at about three percent per year diereafter" (Rifldn. 27). Edward Car, from The Economist forecasts by 2010 that "the share of total energy consumption accounted for by the rich countries will have fallen below 50% for the first time in the industrial era," and "[tjhat the growth in energy consumption in developing countries between 2000 and 2010 will be greater thaxi today's consumption in Western Europe"(Carr₅ 3-18),

A promising form of energy is based on hydrogen. Although the most plentiful element in tire universe, it is primarily found in its ionic gas state in the sun and stars, and exceedingly small traces of hydrogen gas can be found in the Earth's atmosphere, The production of hydrogen that exploits inexpensive techniques to generate excess energy has become increasingly important in the face of the current energy crisis. Because hydrogen is most readily abundant in the molecular structure of water, considerable effort has been directed to uncovering a technique that could produce hydrogen from the disassoeiation of water into its individual atomic state.

Hydrogen can provide clean bmning, superior quality heat, Hydrogen burns hotter and cleaner than natural gas and only produces heat and water vapor when it is combusted. According to U.S. Pat. No. 5,899,072 (Gode), hydrogen is the cleanest fuel, can be produced and used without losses in. a cycle, and without emitting any substances that could be harmful to the environment. The radiation of a hydrogen flame is higher than that, of natural gas and its outer parts are hotter.

Further, the adiabatic temperature (2100° C) of hydrogen is higher than that of natural gas (1 50° C), and the combustion of hydrogen requires less air than natural gas. For a given power and torque, the heat transfer of hydrogen gas is 10% better than that of natural gas. The flame supplied by hydrogen during tests is extremely stable, being calm without artificial stabilization, at any pressure level (U.S. Pat. No. 5,899,072 (Gode), Hydrogen, however, particularly hydrogen plasma (atomic) fuel that can be used for energy production is considerably costlier than normal fossil fuel to produce.

There are currently onl two major sources of hydrogen, water and hydrocarbons. Another obstacle that must be overcome to pave the way for a use of hydrogen based fuels would be discovering a safe, environmentally benign and cost-effective method of generation, storage and distribution of hydrogen from the current sources of hydrogen. This in turn raises issues of safety, storage, and supply.

Storage presents particular difficulties. Because hydrogen is the element with the smallest atomic structure, it can slip through whatever material is used to store it. Thus, leakage from a pressurized hydrogen tank could be significant. One proposed solution to the storage issue involves absorption of hydrogen onto carbon nanoiubes and nanofibers. At present, it appears that scientists have been unable to provide a reliable method for storing hydrogen in nanotubes or on nanofibers. Storage and safety continue to present a challenge to the use of hydrogen as a fuel. Hydrogen would be desirable therefore to produce hydrogen in a form that can be used as a fuel, but which is in stable, non- explosive form.

Several approaches to producing hydrogen have been suggested. One approach involves water thermolysis is direct thermal cleavage of water at temperatures above 2000° K. Thermal cleavage is splitting of a molecule along defined, parallel planes related to its internal structure. When water is heated with thermal, energy, the covalent bonds between hydrogen and. oxygen break, releasing separate hydrogen and oxygen atoms. U.S. Patent No. 4,573,435 (Sheltort) states that a small amount of hydrogen can be produced starting from 700° F and will continue to increase by 4% at higher temperatures of 800° to 900° F. According to Hunt, water will dissociate into hydrogen and oxygen within a liquid under conditions of extreme heat and pressure. According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, pressure affects the outermost electronic shells and the derealization of electrons, so that they are not as firmly fixed to particular atoms. The extent of dissociation increases with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure (Hunt, 3). Approximately 97% of hydrogen that is produced for commercial lise is through "steam reforming" or the "thermal cracking" of natural gas, which requires the expenditure of hydrocarbon fossil fuels. One of the techniques is coal gasification, which results in the formation of methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. The consequences of these hydrocarbon teclmologies to generate hydrogen results in the further depletion of fossil fuel resources, as well as increasing greenhouse gases that may be harmful to the environment Moreover, the process will become progressively more expensive as fossil fuel becomes less available.

U.S. Patent No. 4,030,453 (Sugimoto) cites that in the combustion of disassociated water in association with pure water that it is practicably possible that all of the disassociated water may be fully combusted under optimally controlled combustion conditions, "To begin the process the water must be held under high-pressure so that it may gain thermal energy (heat up) until it is disassociated. ... After the water is hot enough to thermally crack into hydrogen and oxygen, it still will not do so until the pressure becomes very low. Therefore, the water held under extreme pressure and allowed to super-heat must make a radical pressure change from extremely high-pressure in the thousands of p.s.L to near zero for best results. Heating water under extreme pressure, and then, allowing sudden diffusion into a vacuum in which the hydrogen and oxygen is further heated and ignited, (this allows for) complete thermolysis of the water into hydrogen and oxygen.

Another technique for generating hydrogen has been the usage of tliermochemical cycles. Thermochemicai cycles based on chemical cleavage of water at temperatures lower than needed for thermolysis of near- 1200° K requires a number of cycles with decreasing efficiencies with each cycle. Total real, efficiencies are near 40% to 50%. The chemicals used cannot be recycled and produce toxic-substances. Special materials are needed to handle the corrosive chemicals needed in the process.

U.S. Patent Publication No. 2002/0100836 discusses a heat/ignition thermolysis process in which water is disassociated into atomic hydrogen and oxygen, which can then be ignited as plasma fuel for energy. An apparatus heats water under high-pressure to its "cracking" point (about 2000K), when cleavage of water results in the formation of atomic hydrogen and oxygen. When this hydrogen and oxygen is released into a low- pressure zone, the hydrogen and oxygen are captured in their ionic state, which can then he immediately used for hydrogen energy. The application discusses a hydrogen thermolysis reactor, in which thermal energy is retained through a nozzle that transfers heated water into a low-pressure system from a high-pressure system, allowing for the heat/ignition process of atomic hydrogen.

U.S. Patent No. 6,582,676 (Chaklader) discusses a technique to generate hydrogen by reacting silicon with water in the presence of a silicon-dioxide catalyst. When the silicon metal reacts with water, it produces hydrogen. According to the patentee, silicon- dioxide prevents or slows down deposition of the reaction products on the metal that tend to passivate the metal, and thereby facilitates the production of hydrogen. The existence of a triple point where water, silicon and additive are all in contact (and) appears a necessary condition for the water split reaction to start and continue.

There remains a need for an approach that can. provide expensive sources of hydrogen that can be stored conveniently and safely, and used as a source of energy for transportation, manufacturing, and heating.

The cited references are incorporated herein by reference. SUMMARY OF INVENTION

This invention pertains to the idea of capturing hydrogen in its atomic state by transferring it internally within an oscillating pressurized volume of water, and allowing for the generation of water enriched with atomic hydrogen. As mentioned before, there have been previous attempts to generate hydrogen through "thermo chemical cycles based on chemical cleavage of water... (which) requires a number of cycles with decreasing efficiencies with each cycle" (Hunt, 2). Our proposed internal thermolysis system, however, accumulates and increases the efficiencies of the chemical cleavage of water by generating thermo chemical cycles in conjunction with harmonized thermolysis induced oscillations of high-pressure/low-pressure regions within the electron cloud of a water molecule, a silicon/silicon-dioxide metal catalyst system, and the oxidation of carbohydrates. Our generated cycles increase the flow of accessible atomic hydrogen, and the ingredients as well as the hydrogen plasma fuel are completely recyclable. It does not produce toxic substances and there are no special materials required to "handle the corrosive chemicals needed" as is the case with prior techniques used to generate the thermolysis of water through thermo chemical cycles.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a photograph of the composition of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a photograph of a candle having applied thereto a solution of the composition of the present invention;

Fig. 2b is a photograph of the candle of Fig. 2a having an additional layer of wax applied thereto;

Figs. 3 a-c are photographs of the combustion of the composition of the present invention; Figs. 4a and 4b show a lighted candle coated with the composition of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a photograph of a laser device for inducing an electron cascade; and Fig. 5b is a photograph of sparks emitted by the combustion of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

This technique allows for atomic hydrogen to be "ignited" within water as we begin to crack water into its separate atomic hydiOgen and atomic oxygen state, resulting in the increase of hydrogen-water covalent bonding within the given pressurized volume of water. When we combine this system with silicon, and allow the chamber for the pressurized water to be silicon-dioxide, the combinatio of silicon/silicon-dioxide spurs the production of hydrogen, within the given volume of water to allow for the further generation of atomic hydrogen to be covalenily bonded with the pressurized water. This leaves us with hydrogen enriched water, which is connected to a silicon'silicon-dioxide catalyst system. This composition is further hydrated by the addition of carbohydrates, which when oxidized, provide the proposed water-based plasma fuel with another source of hydrogen based on the molecular structure and oxidation properties of glucose.

This hydrogen enriched water is created using an internal thermolysis process meant to associate hydrogen energy with an ordinary water molecule, as if to fuse four extra atomic hydogens to an H20 molecular core to create die molecule H60. The process involves heating a certain volume of water hi a pressurized silicon-dioxide-based chamber until it approaches 2000° K. As we increase the temperature, water starts to agitate more violently as individual water particles of vapor start to break off and collide with other particles of vapor breaking off from the initial liquid state of water. Once the water reaches a certain amount of pressure (created by the water vapor exerting more force within the chamber of water), and as the thermal process called "cracking" of water starts to form, atomic hydrogen and atomic oxygen get released, This atomic hydrogen, however, is released back into the internal thermolysis system within our given volume of water, and is preserved in its plasma state when it is transferred from a high-pressure region of water to a lower-pressure region of water. The atomic hydrogen starts to superimpose field-lines of Mgh-pressure/ ow'-pressure oscillations within the given volume of water, based on the locations of already formed covaient bonds between hydrogen and oxygen.

Specifically, as atomic hydrogen is generated by the thermolysis process, it will begin to seek a lower-pressure region within our water structure. Since our solution is contained in a pressurized chamber so that none of the atomic hydrogen fonned can escape, ihe hydrogen plasma will begin to generate a current guided by the atomic need to escape the higher-pressure region into a lower- ressured region. Because our composition is water, the higher-pressure regions can be determined at the molecular level where hydrogen is covaleiiily bonded to a valence electron of oxygen to form the water structure. The lower-pressure region, on the molecular level, would be where the remaining four valence electrons of oxygen are still available for covaient bonding within the given water structure. Thus the atomic hydrogen being generated by the internal thermolysis system will seek these precise lower-pressure regions within the water molecular structure, and covaiently bond to the available valence electrons from the original water core. This is bow our internal thermolysis process generates oscillating pressure within the molecular structure of water, to allow for the capturing of atomic hydrogen to the remaining four, lower-pressure regions where valence electrons are available for covaient bonding to the excess atomic hydrogen generated through our proposed hydrogen- enriching process. This is how we capture atomic hydrogen within water for storage of accessible hydrogen energy.

When a single water molecule is considered in the proposed way so as to enrich it with atomic hydrogen, we generate a "super-positioning" of harmonized generation of oscillating pressure within all ike water molecules that are uniformly being constructed into our H60 structure, guided by the hexagonal lattice of water. These oscillations, or dances, become superimposed uniformly within the molecular structure of water by unifying the three spins of a water molecule as to generate high-pressure/low-pressure areas of pressure equally defined within our given volume of water for the capturing of excess atomic hydrogen created through our internal thermolysis system, in this way, thermal energy accumulates and is sustained with certain precision as to maintain increased efficiencies in the production of hydrogen enriched water. If every single water molecule in our proposed fuel follows these oscillations, as atomic hydrogen generates currents of energy when it is captured from a higher-pressure region, to a lower-pressure region within the molecular structure of water, we create a super-positioning of atomic hydrogen within our water composition., defined by the hexagonal lattice of water, that allows for the full unification of the molecular electromagnetic structure of water with the excess hydrogen into our proposed plasma H60 fuel. Our proposed method takes advantage of the fact that normal H20 and its molecular symmetry is already linked to a hexagonal lattice, which we then exploit in our internal thermolysis system to enrich a normal H20 structure with excess atomic hydrogen within its hexagonal lattice.

It is important to repeat that at a critical point, our water particles start breaking apart into atomic hydrogen, and oxygen. Instead of allowing the free-flowing hydrogen to be recombined with oxygen and form steam, the hydrogen is guided by our internal thermolysis system of high~pressure/low~pressure oscillations to reeomhine as atomic hydrogen gas with another H20 structure. This is when the covaient bonding relationship between the atomic hydrogen and the H20 structure initiates, and the H20 beings to be enriched witli the atomic hydrogen formed from the internal thermolysis process. This process continues until we generate our rsew H60 or H60-like structure.

Through the accumulation of the thermal energy trapped in, the liquid stale of water, we are able to super-position oscillating pressures uniformly within the given volume of water. This super-positioning of pressxire spurs the process of the covaient bonding of the remaining four valence electrons in the core of oxygen with atomic hydrogen to its water-core h the final production of the H60 state, instead of constructing an apparatus that utilizes the preservation of atomic hydrogen by transferring it from a high-pressure chamber to a low-pressure chamber, our system of thermolysis, atomic hydrogen is captured and stored in its plasma state within the pressurized volume of water.

Furthermore, in order to catalyze water, the super-positioning of the internal guidelines for the oscillation of liigh-pressure/low-pressure within the given volume of water, we introduce silicon in a silicon- dioxide container, to capture a "triple point" that allows for the facilitation of hydrogen energy being captured and stored within our plasma fuel to generate our new H60 structure, without having to reach the required 2000° Kelvin. H20 and silicon, when added with heat, reacts as follows:

2H20 + Si SI02 + 4ΙΓ + 4 s We reeomhine these four extra hydrogen and electrons within our internal thermolysis process by bonding it back into another H20 skeletal structure, so as to have the following formula:

3H20 + Si^■» SI02 + H60

When water is processed with silicon, we generate new liquid particles of glass and H60 fused together, This is when, we achieve the plasma state of water without having to reach the 2000 degrees Kelvin, thus saving our system time and energy.

As defined before, our H60 structure could also be considered the unification of all six valence electrons within the atomic oxygen to its respective atomic hydrogen partner, and is determined by the harmonised internal oscillation of high-pressur&'low- pressure areas within the electron cloud of our enriched H20 stnicture. This new structure can than be used as a source of free-flowing hydrogens, controlled by its water- silicon electromagnetic core. This is the foundation of our electromagnetic fuel The silicon also gives our fuel semi-conductive properties, so as to allow the transfer and allocation of hydrogen energy to be more precise and intentional. This increases the overall efficiency of energy flow within a system that would use our semi-conductive fuel since "higher efficiencies (can be generated) by creating direct photo electrolysis devises, which are comprised of multij unction, multi-layer semiconductor materials directly in water or directly connected to an electrode and anode in the water"(Hunt, 2). Silicon is known, for its semi -conducti e properties, and so these glass particles become a source for semi-conductive energ needs.

Finally, we add our last component, carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are critical to the composition since they provides an abundant supply of hydrocarbons, in our invention, the carbohydrates become oxidized within our water-silicon structure, and will fuse with the water and silicon to further enrich our water-based plasma fuel with organic- hydrogen energy within the silicon/silicon-dioxide system. This would be demonstrated in the following equation:

3H20 + Si +CxH2xOx (glucose)^■> Si02-H60-CxH2xOx

The oxidation of glucose or carbohydrate within our fuel generates a new organic electromagnetic fuel that can also be used for its combustible properties. When these three components are reconstructed using our internal thermolysis process, we have a semi -conductive electromagnetic organically combustible fuel which can be used for both semi-coaductively charged hydrogen energy and combustion applications.

When we manufacture water, silicon, and carbohydrates using our internal thermolysis process of uniform oscillations using any given volume of water, and we immediately cool our new solution, an. influx of energy gathers at the bottom of our container as the free-flowing gas state of hydrogen and oxygen (from water) fuses with the silicon and carbohydrates immediately within this influx. The result of tins new fused molecule results in an explosion of excess energy released as the new molecule expands into the fullness of its new structure. This explosion confirms that we have indeed fused a new molecular structure iu our container, as the equation "E=mc^*" reveals that the explosion comes from the creation of a newer, lighter composition of matter from its initial, heavier reaetants. The resulting loss of mass is directly accounted for by an explosion within our composition.

The gasification of our H60 structure gives you the following equation: H60 ·* H20 + 4H⁺ + 4 e~

A reservoir of hydrogen electrical energy is formed, which can then be used for immediate energy application, including the further thermolysis of H20. When an H60 is completely disassociated into its atomic hydrogen and atomic oxygen, there is a light blue spark. When H60 leaps into free-flowing gases of hydrogen and oxygen, the confirmation of this complete disassociation is this blue spark, which we classify as an electromagnetic spark. This spark can be stabilized, sustained, and applied to any electromagnetic appliances such as fuel cells, transportation, heating, communication, and the like. This is greater incentive to pursue this energ infrastructure concerning the provision of hydrogen energy and electricity.

The H60 structure can be cheaply and readily created using silicon/silicon- dioxide as a catalyst and carbohydrates as another source of cheap, abundant combustible hydrogen. We are then able to create an ecologically safe system of storing and releasing energy, much like the basic principle of "gas exchange" between a living organism and its environment. This relationship is either confirmed by thermodynamics within an area of uncertainty, or it could be resting in the singularity of energy found within water. Our hydrogen-enriched water is catalyzed by the formation of tiny glass molecules, oxidized with organically combustible hydrogen from carbohydrates, and gives us a very powerful form of hydrogen fuel. This is further preserved by its unified systems of "super- positioning" atomic hydrogen energy within the oscillation of high-pressure/iow-pressure regions within the molecular structure of water, as to capture atomic hydrogen in our water-based fuel driven by the proposed hexagonal lattice-based internal thermolysis system. We propose that we have discovered a technique to generate atomic hydrogen and covalently bond it back to another H20 molecule, powered by the creation of atomic hydrogen from our water-based system. We add a silicon/silicon-dioxide system to catalyze the generation of atomic hydrogen enriching normal water. This hydrogen energy further fuels our internal thermolysis system for the creation of an atomic hydrogen enriched plasma fuel. Finally, the oxidation of carbohydrates with our water- based plasma fuel provides more accessible hydrogen, enriching our water core with hydrogen energy.

As mentioned before, published application U.S. Patent Publication No. 2002/0100836, which is concerned with an apparatus that allows for the thermolysis of water and separating it through a heat/ignition process in which heated water is disassociated into hydrogen and oxygen plasma fuel, retained through a nozzle that transfers heated water into low-pressure system from high-pressure system, thus allowing hydrogen and oxygen to separate into its atomic plasma form which can then be immediately utilized for hydrogen energy. All of this is accomplished through its proposed hydrogen thermolysis reactor. What can be generally accepted is that the thermolysis of water can produce free-flowing hydrogen and. oxygen as long as the energy of water is transferred from a highly-pressurized chamber to a lower-pressure chamber. The conclusion that can be drawn is that in any process requiring the thermolysis of water, the control of the oscillation of pressure in the thermolysis of water can capture and generate abundant sources of renewable energy in the form of plasma hydrogen.

In U.S. Patent No. 6,582,676, the patentees propose a simple way to generate continual hydrogen energy production by the usage of a metal and its appropriate catalyst to radiate continual hydrogen energy when in contact with water. However, our claim is that we have developed, in the production of an H60 structure, a special thermolysis technique that allows for the super-positioning of oscillating pressure internally within a water molecule structure by exploiting water's natural hexagonal lattice structure, as occurs in the formation of a snow crystal We also integraie metal/catalyst chamber of Si/Si02 within, a special triple point contact with H20, and which is spurred by the oxidation of carbohydrates. Following this process, we are able to generate an H60 plasma fuel, which will provide a eontkraal abundant source of hydrogen energy. This is shown by the following equation:

3H20 + Si +CxH2xOx (glucose) ~» Si02-H60-CxH2xOx

The gasification of our plasma water fuel will provide excess hydrogen energy, as demonstrated in the equation:

H60->H20 + 4H⁺ + 4 e^"

The foil thermolysis of an H60 molecule results in a blue spark of electromagnetic energy. This, we believe, is a source for quantum energy found within the resting singularity of water, synchronized to its plasma state through our proposed technique of the invention of the proposed H60 plasma fuel.

Our H60 plasma fuel can be used as a fuel additive. Our hydrogen-enriched water-based plasma fuel will increase the overall efficiency of any system of energy requiring hydrogen, it has been previously reported that "the primary invention of a practiced method of thermolysis of water... pens the doorway to invent many new apparatus that are created....such as ears, airplanes, boats, power plants, heating systems, cooling systems, spaceships, trains, hydrogen batteries, rockets, etc. The list is endless and encompasses all forms of work (energy) that is known. Heat, work and energy are interchangeable and the invention produces abundant heat/energy and in theory is capable of performing all types of work that require energy" (Hunt, 5), In the same published patent, we cite "the availability of water is endless, which means that an endless source of fuel is made available by the present invention; and therefore an endless source of energy is made available" (Hunt, 5). We claim that there is an internal thermolysis process that generates a super-positioning of energy through an oscillation of high-pressure/low- pressure regions within any given volume of water, so as to exploit water's natural hexagonal lattice and generate the six-fold symmetrical growth required for our H60 molecule from a normal H20 molecule. This is all done within a pressurized silicon- dioxide-based container, along with the presence of the metal silicon and the oxidation of carbohydrates, so as to create an efficient source of hydrogen energy based on renewable resources (water, silicon, glucose). Through this technique, we are able to generate a hydrogen enriched water-based plasma fuel that can be immediately used for hydrogen- energy purposes.

We cite that "the prior art exclusively concentrates on hydrogen production as a fuel enrichment primarily for combustion engines by directing the exhaust heat of the engine to a heat exchanger or by circulating the water around the manifold of the engine exhaust. The small quantity of hydrogen produced was then mixed, along with steam, with the fuel to improve engine performance, in conclusion, the technology of the prior art yields too small of percentage of hydrogen to be commercially viable and is therefore ineffective at meeting the need for the large quantities of hydrogen" (Hunt, 3). We claim that our plasma fuel can be used in combustion engines to improve engine efficiency and. performance by increasing the amount of atomic hydrogen provided for such applications. Our hydrogen enriched plasma fuel will indeed make the prospect of using ordinary waier as a source of commercial fuel .for hydrogen energy a reality.

Our final claim is that the molecular structure of our water-based fuel is H60. This is when all the valence electrons within oxygen are covalently bonded to atomic hydrogen, begetting the generation of plasma H60 by replicating the basic hexagonal symmetry of snowflakes and it's creation in nature.

How is this possible? This question can be answered when a "normal⁵' H20 structure is examined to its electromagnetic core. H20 is composed of two hydrogen atoms and an Oxygen atom, Hydrogen has one electron and oxygen has eight electrons, six of them in the most outer shell (also known as valence electrons). In a normal H20 molecule, two of the valence electrons of oxygen are used in a covaleni bond with hydrogen. Oxygen, as previously mentioned, has six valence electron slots thai can be covalently bonded with hydrogens to "form a 7^i!i dimensional crystal form of energy, replicating the form of a snow crystal."

However, only two of the six slots in the oxygen's valence electron shell are covalently bonded with atomic hydrogen in a normal H20 molecule. This means there are still four more slots available within, the outer layer of oxygen which can be covalently bonded to hydrogen. We have discovered a way to covalently bond the remaining four available slots of energy to create the H60 structure. We achieve this by generating covaleni bonding of four extra hydrogens to a typical water molecule using our discovered internal thermolysis process. By sustaining an internal thermolysis sysiem within our given volume of water, guided by the natural hexagonal lattice structure of water, we are able to generate energy field-lines of oscillations of high-pressure and low- pressure within the molecular form of H20. Using water's natural hexagonal lattice as an electromagnetic field of energy, we are able to covalently bond atomic hydrogen uniformly w thin the H20 structure so as to enrich every single water molecule within a given volume of water. Most importantly, this allows for the additional four covalent bonds between, hydrogen and oxygen within a normal H20 structure.

This H60 structure replicates the formation of a complex snow crystal. Kenneih G. Libbrecht, the chairman of Physics at Caltech, describes the formation of a hexagonal snow crystal, on which we base our internal thermolysis system for the formation of our H60 molecular structure. We quote:

The hexagonal symmetry of snowflakes originates with the underlying symmetry of the ice crystal lattice. Water molecules hook up in a hexagonal lattice and the molecular symmetry is imparted to the snow crystal form via faceting. In particular, tiny snow crystals are usually in the form, of small hexagonal prisms which is ho w the six-fold symmetry of snowflakes gets its start. If faceting always dominated snow crystal growth, then snow crystals would always be shaped like simple hexagonal prisms. Faceting does dominate when the crystals are very small, or when the growth is very slow. But larger crystals tend to branch out, through something called the branching instability... Instabilities like this often produce complexity in nature— the complex fluttering motion of a flag in the wind and the complex motion of waves breaking on the beach are other examples of instabilities in nature producing complexity....

The growth usually begins up in a cloud with a minute dust particle, which provides a structure on which water molecules can start condensing to form a snow crystal. When the crystal is very small, faceting dominates the growth, and the crystal quickly grows into a simple hexagonal prism. As the crystal grows larger, the comers of the hexagon stick out a bit further into the .supersaturated air and thus grow a bit faster. The slightly faster growth at the corners soon causes the hexagon to sprout...And since the ambient atmospheric conditions are nearly identical across the ciystal, all six budding arms grow at roughly the same rate.

The temperature seen by the snow ciystal is not constant in time, however, since the crystal is being blown about and is thus carried over great distances in a cloud. But the crystal growth rates depend strongly on temperature.. , Thus the six arms of the snow crystals each change their growth with time, reflecting the ever-changing conditions in the cloud. And because each arm sees the same conditions, each arm grows the same way.

...The intricate shape of a single arm is determined by the ever- changing conditions experienced by the crystal as it falls. Because each arm experiexiees the same conditions, however, the arms tend to look alike. The end result is a large-scale, complex, six-fold symmetric snow crystal. And since snow crystals all follow slightly different paths through the clouds, individual crystals all tend to all look different -· www.snowcrysials.eom

Instead of an ice crystal, we have a liquid crystal of water that is generated in the same form and process for an ice crystal. We replace the system of clouds with our internal thermolysis system to grow our liquid-crystals of water that has the molecular structure of six atomic hydrogen's covalently bonded to Oxygen within the six-fold symmetric system defined by the formation of a snow crystal. As mentioned, water is hooked up to a hexagonal lattice, and our invention exploits this crystal lattice to ensure the production of H60. This is how the field-lines of oscillating pressure are generated that allows for the molecular structure of H20 to reconstruct into H60.

The H60 structure will solve the problem of the necessary power required to strip hydrogen's from the Oxygen in a typical H20 structure, for the reason lo generate hydrogen energy for a hypothetical "hydrogen-based economy". By providing the user four extra hydrogens that can be diverted from the Oxygen core with less power and energy required than a H20 structure, we are guaranteed an output of energy far greater than the energy input required to break th s new structure apart. This new H60 molecule can then be used as a liquid fuel additive which would be used to provide a resourceful supply of hydrogen energy.

EXAMPLE I

Explanation of Btae Sparks produced by HydroBlaze

HydroBlaze is an organic water-based fuel additive thai can be ground into fine powder, similar to gunpowder. The key characteristic of HydroBlaze is that when it is mixed in water, the HydroBlaze mix can then be applied to any combustible system and be used as a fuel source. In other words, HydroBlaze opens up water as a fuel source for combustible systems like a candle, an engine, a coal factory, etc. (See Fig. 1)

Let us use an ordinary candle to demonstrate how HydroBlaze is applied. When HydroBlaze is mixed with water, we can than apply that solution to the wick of a candle. The candle is layered with a final coat of wax, and the candle is ready to demonstrate the power of HydroBlaze. (See Fig, 2a and 2b)

Experiments show that when HydroBlaze is applied to a combustible system, it will generate an electron-cascade process that produces light strings, similar to those induced by laser. When, lit, the hydrogen containing fuel combusts through the HydroBlaze-coated candle, generating cyan-blue sparks of hydrogen energy, The color of the sparks is a fingerprint of hydrogen combustion, which commonly displays three different colors, namely red, blue-green or cyan and violet, The color of the sparks reveals a clear match with Hydrogen's cyan illumination, as shown through experiments and pictures shown below, (See Fig. 3a-c)

Usually, these 'light strings' are produced through laser induction. When a laser beam becomes intense enough, it behaves differently than usual - it collapses inward on itself. The collapse becomes so intense that electrons in the air's oxygen and nitrogen are stripped off^" creating plasma - regarded as 'a soup of electrons'. The resulting plasma fights the surrounding air for control, producing a pathway, or 'light string'. This process of filamentation, as it's called, creates "excited electrons" everywhere it passes. The blue sparks emanating from a candle coated in HydiOBlaze is an example of this filamentation. However, the key difference is that the blue sparks are not laser induced. The candle simply needs a coating of HydroBlaze in order for the filamentation process io occur (See Figs. 4a-4h).

The most dominant plasma producing process is the electron cascade rocess: Initial electrons absorb photons out of the laser beam via the inverse bremsstrahlung process. If the electrons gain sufficient energy, they can ionise other gas molecules on impact, leading to an electron cascade and breakdown of the gas in the focal region. It is important to note that this process requires initial seed electrons... (to) absorb the laser radiation and lead, to high local temperature and in consequence to free electrons starring the avalanche process,

As shown in Figs. 5a and b, the laser is the outer blue shell, and the electrons are spinning in the middle. Fig. 5b is a close up of a blue spark from HydroBlaze. What HydroBiaze provides is the seed electrons that allow for the electron cascade process to occur in the candle, without needing a laser induction. HydroBiaze gives combustion the initial burst of energy thai, induces the electron cascade process. The key distinction however is that HydroBiaze is able to accomplish this without the need for laser induction, but through combustion.

As a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand, the present invention provides a sustainable iiiel capable of safely storing and releasing hydrogen energy into any form of combustion, it can be ground into a fine powder and then dissolved into water and used as a way to induce electron-cascade process in any combustion system, resulting in the formation of cyan-blue light strings.

The present, invention also provides a way to generate seed electrons when combusted, allowing for the induction of an electron-cascade process that creates light strings, The blue sparks generated by the candle experiment are proof that light strings are being produced and the electron-cascade process is occurring. The cyan-blue color indicates that it is hydrogen plasma being produced.

EXAMPLE 2

We did a simple before and after smog check on a Hgirt-duty truck to see tire emission reduction ef fect of HydroBiaze. We were able to obtain an '88 Mazda truck that was already labeled a ''gross polluter." We wanted to see if we could make it cleaner with HydroBiaze, The first Smog Check Vehicle inspection Report below is for the '88 Mazda truck before the inclusion of HydroBiaze.

The Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions level, at low speeds (15 MPH), is at 6,00%. At high speeds (25 MPH), the levels were measured at 6.19%. The Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions levels at low speeds were 231 PPM, while at high speeds the levels were 248 PPM. The maximum allowable level for CO emissions is .59% at low speeds and .74% at high speeds. The maximum allowable level for HC is 93 PPM at low speeds and 79 PPM at high speeds. The truck being tested clearly fell short of the permissible level of HC and CO emissions.

After adding HydroBlaze into this "gross polluter," and driving the car for only 17 miles, the effects on emissions reduction were immediate. Below is the Smog Report after adding HydroBlaze.

The Carbon Monoxide emissions level, at low speeds (IS MPH), reduced from 6.00% to 4.88% which is an overall 18.7% reduction in CO emissions. At high speeds (25 MPH), the levels reduced from 6.19% to 5.70% which is an 8.0% reduction. The hydrocarbon emissions level, at low speeds, reduced from 231 PPM to 186 PPM, which is an overall 19.5% reduction in HC emissions. At high speeds, the levels reduced from 248 PPM to 213 PPM, which is a 14,2% reduction.

As can be seen by this test, through the one time application of HydroBIaze, this gross polluter was able to see an 8%-18.7% reduction in CO emissions and a 14.2%-19.5% reduction in HC emissions with only 18 miles of driving.

EXAMPLE 3 - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS REPORT

Date: June 26. 2013 Keystone Materials Testing. Inc. Newton, JA 50208

Inferences

1. U S Department of Energy

2. dangle, Richard, Invention Works: Success, Cranstone Publishing House, 2004.

3. Hunt, Robert, "Hydrogen and Oxygen battery, or Hydrogen and Oxygen to fire a combustion engine and/or for commerce." US 2002/0100836 Al, Aug, 1, 2002.

4. U.S. Pat No. 5,899,072 (GODE), May 4, 1999, "Steam generator and steam turbine driving unit using gaseous Hydrogen as fuel"

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7. Clark, John, "The Essential Dictionary of Science", 2004 Barnes & Noble Books

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2002.

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13. Lionel Salem, Marvels of the Molecule. VCH Publishers, Inc., 1987.

14. Libbrecht, Kenneth, wvvw.snowerystals.com, 1999 The foregoing references and any other references cited in this application are incorporated by reference herein,

Claims

A method for preparing a hydrogen-enriched fuel, comprising:

heating a sample of water with added silicon in a silicon-dioxide chamber at sufficient temperature and pressure to cause a portion of water molecules therein to break into hydrogen and oxygen atoms;

combining hydrogen atoms with water molecules in the presence of silicon and a carbohydrate in the chamber to form a hydrogen-water plasma combination.

A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-water plasma combination has the structure ¾0.

A method m accordance with claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-water plasma combination includes silicon-dioxide.

A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the hydrogen- ater plasma combination has the structure SiCV¾G,

A method in accordance with claim i, wherein the hydrogen-water plasma combination includes carbohydrates.

A method in accordance with claim I, wherein the hydrogen- water plasma combination has the structure Si02~H6Q~CxH2xOx,